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Abstract The flotation mechanism of galena with xanthate as the collector is generally explained based on the mixed potential of the pulp, in which an anodic electron transfer reaction from the collector to the mineral is combined with an O2 cathodic reduction. Sodium sulphide, often used as a mineral activator, strongly influences the pulp's mixed potential, and depending on the dosage applied, it can become a galena depressor reagent. In this way, the current study assesses galena flotability in the absence of collector, as well as in the presence of the collector potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) and sodium sulphide. The effect of an extremely cathodic potential was also studied through the addition of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the effect of different stages in the oxidation of the galena surface on the flotability was investigated. Moreover, the zeta potential was measured and contact angle (wettability) tests were carried out. The contact angle measurements were taken for a distilled water, PAX solution and for a mixture of PAX and sodium sulphide solution on the oxidized and non-oxidized surface of galena. All the results showed that galena could be floated in all the PAX concentrations tested. It was observed that a moderate oxidation in the galena surface may contribute to an improvement of its flotation with PAX. However, extremely anodic and cathodic potentials cause flotability close to zero. The zeta potential results showed that sodium sulphide affected the interaction between PAX and galena. The measurements of the contact angle corroborated the results obtained in the microflotation tests. pulp O reduction activator pulps s applied reagent way (PAX peroxide investigated Moreover wettability (wettability out water nonoxidized non tested However zero

https://doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672023770053

Methotrexate for refractory adult atopic dermatitis leads to alterations in cutaneous IL-31 and IL-31RA expression
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Samorano, Luciana Paula

; Manfrere, Kelly Cristina Gomes

; Pereira, Naiura Vieira

; Takaoka, Roberto

; Valente, Neusa Yuriko Sakai

; Sotto, Mirian Nacagami

; Silva, Luiz Fernando Ferraz

; Sato, Maria Notomi

; Aoki, Valeria

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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jan 2024, Volume 99 N. 1 Pages 72 - 79

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is an alternative treatment for patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: The authors evaluated the effect of MTX on the cutaneous expression of cytokines and chemokines that are involved in the inflammatory response in adult AD patients who received treatment with methotrexate for 24 weeks. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective single-institution cohort study with 12 adults with moderate/severe AD who received oral MTX (15 mg/wk for 24 wks) and 10 non-atopic matched controls. The comparison was made of skin biopsies of lesional and non-lesional skin, pre- and post MTX treatment. The authors analyzed mean epidermal thickness and expression of IL-31, IL-31RA, OSMR, TSLP, Ki67, IL-4 mRNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TARC, and CCL-22. Results: There was a reduction in mean epidermal thickness (p = 0.021), an increase in IL-31RA expression (immunohistochemistry) in the epidermis (p = 0.016) and a decrease in IL-31 gene expression (p = 0.019) on lesional AD skin post-MTX treatment. No significant changes in the cutaneous expression of the other evaluated markers were identified. Study limitations: Small sample size and limited length of follow-up. Conclusions: Treatment with MTX in adults with moderate/severe AD reduced epidermal hyperplasia and changed the cutaneous expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors that are mainly related to pruritus, including IL-31 and IL-31RA.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2023.01.002

JUVENILE HORMONE III: SOURCE REACTIONS AND COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION IN ESI-MS/MS
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Mendonça, Jacqueline Nakau

; Jabor, Valquíria A. Polisel

; Arini, Gabriel Santos

; Silva, Ricardo Roberto da

; Silva, Rafael Carvalho da

; Vessecchi, Ricardo

; Nascimento, Fabio Santos do

; Lopes, Norberto Peporine

Química Nova

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2024, Volume 47 N. 1 elocation e-20230091

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Juvenile hormone (JH III) is an important example of a chemical signaling derived from the terpene biosynthetic pathway. Because of its impact on many species’ reproductive and developmental processes, analytical approaches must be developed to accurately identify and measure it in biological samples. In this technical note, we explored the gas-phase dissociative behavior of JH III using tandem mass spectrometry combined with electrospray ionization to provide diagnostic fragment-ions for quantitative purposes.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230091

Therapeutic potential of hesperidin methyl chalcone in the experimental treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis
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BRASIL, Anny Maíza Vargas

; LOPES, João Roberto de Figueiredo

; CHAGAS, Ana Flávia da Silva

; FRANCO, Antonia Maria Ramos

Acta Amazonica

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2024, Volume 54 N. 1 elocation e54cp22318

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Drug repositioning seeks to discover new applications for a drug that has already been approved in the market, resulting in faster and lower cost solutions, generally used for diseases that receive little investment, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this context, hesperidin, commercially approved as Daflon®, is a flavonoid that belongs to the chalcones group, a class that has antileishmanial potential. The present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of commercial hesperidin. Hesperidin (9 to 0.56 mg mL-1) was tested against promastigote and amastigote forms of four dermotropic species of Leishmania, namely L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) naiffi. For the in vivo tests, hamsters were infected in the snout and the lesions were treated with intralesional hesperidin. The treatment effectiveness was assessed by measuring the total volume of the lesion on the snout and determining the parasitic load. The in vitro results showed moderate toxicity in murine macrophages, with higher efficacy in L. (L.) amazonensis when compared to the other species tested. The in vivo results showed that hesperidin was able to gradually reduce the size of lesions by L. (L.) amazonensis, although it did not induce clinical and parasitological cure. Thus, hesperidin showed potential in in vitro tests against L. (L.) amazonensis and further studies with new formulations and experimental treatment schemes should be carried out.

RESUMO O reposicionamento de medicamentos busca descobrir novas aplicações para um medicamento já aprovado no mercado, resultando em soluções mais rápidas e de menor custo, geralmente utilizadas para doenças que recebem pouco investimento, como a leishmaniose tegumentar. Nesse contexto, a hesperidina, aprovada comercialmente como Daflon®, tem despertado interesse científico por ser um flavonoide pertencente ao grupo das chalconas, classe que possui potencial antileishmania. O presente estudo avaliou a atividade antileishmania in vitro e in vivo da hesperidina comercial. A hesperidina (9 a 0,56 mg mL-1) foi testada contra as formas promastigota e amastigota de quatro espécies dermotrópicas de Leishmania, sendo elas L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis e L. (V.) naiffi. Para os testes, os hamsters foram infectados no focinho e as lesões tratadas com hesperidina intralesional, cuja eficácia foi avaliada através da aferição do volume total da lesão no focinho e a determinação da carga parasitária. Os resultados in vitro demonstraram toxicidade moderada em macrófagos murinos e melhor eficácia em Leishmania (L.) amazonensis quando comparados às demais espécies testadas. Os resultados in vivo mostraram que a hesperidina foi capaz de reduzir gradativamente o tamanho das lesões causadas por L. (L.) amazonensis, embora não tenha induzido a cura clínica e parasitológica. Assim, a hesperidina mostrou-se promissora em estudos in vitro contra Leishmania (L.) amazonensis e novos estudos com novas formulações e esquemas de tratamento experimental devem ser realizados.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202203181

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of pathogens isolated from patients with urine tract infections admitted to a university hospital in a medium-sized Brazilian city
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Negri, Mariana

; Lima, Bárbara Martins

; Woloszynek, Renata dos Santos Batista Reis

; Molina, Roberto Augusto Silva

; Germano, Carla Maria Ramos

; Melo, Débora Gusmão

; Souza, Leandro Cândido de

; Avó, Lucimar Retto da Silva de

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2024, Volume 66 elocation e3

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated. Bacterial species prevalence and their resistance profile were analyzed and compared by sex and age. For Gram-negative fermenting bacteria, resistance rates were compared between patients with previous hospitalization and the total of infections caused by this group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was performed, using Fisher’s exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting p ≤ 0.05). A multivariate analysis was applied to assess the effect of the studied variables in predicting multidrug resistance. Infections were more prevalent in women and older adults. Gram-negative bacteria represented 90.44% of total cultures. In both sexes, E. coli prevalence was significantly higher in adults compared with older adults (p < 0.0001). For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the older adults compared with other ages and in patients with Gram-negative fermenting infections and previous hospitalization compared with the total of infections by this group of bacteria. The closer to the hospitalization, the higher the number of antibiotics with superior resistance rates. Resistance rates for aminoglycosides, carbapenems, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin+tazobactam, and fosfomycin were less than 20%, considered adequate for empirical treatment. Only hospitalization in the previous 90 days was statistically significant in predicting infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202466003

Welding parameters process study of non-metallic expansion joints polymeric composite
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Manfrinato, Marcos Dorigão

; Leite, Eduardo de Campos

; Pavani, Rafael Roberto

; Pereira, Henrique Boschetti

; Silva, Lucas Camargo Soares Carvalho da

; Rossino, Luciana Sgarbi

Polímeros

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2024, Volume 34 N. 1 elocation e20240002

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Polymeric composite materials, presenting a practical solution for sealing non-metallic expansion joints under extreme conditions such as high temperatures and harsh chemical and physical abrasion, were investigated in this scientific study to discern the impact of welding parameters on their degradation and properties. The study entailed the bonding of polymeric composite blankets through hot plate pressing with a PTFE film, encompassing variations in temperature, duration, and load application. The findings elucidated that lower temperatures and shorter processing times failed to achieve optimal blanket adhesion, while higher temperatures led to material degradation, subsequently diminishing the mechanical strength of the welded joint. In contrast, extended processing times and the application of load during welding demonstrated a positive correlation, enhancing the mechanical strength of the joint by ameliorating interfacial adhesion. This research underscores the critical significance of carefully selecting welding parameters to ensure the peak performance and durability of polymeric composite structures.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.20230004

Understanding of the role of serum creatinine in a subset of the Brazilian population
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Cerqueira, Bruno Pellozo

; Rocha, Júlia Ferreira

; Barnes, Rafaela Francisquetti

; Pepato, Pedro Henrique Moretti

; Paim, Thays Sellan

; De Nardi, Francisco

; Hsu, Fabrício Akira

; Oguma, Juliana Miki

; Ito, Leticia Miyuki

; da Silva, Enio Yasuhiro Arimatsu Policarpo

; Vizzuso-Oliveira, Alexandre

; Filho, Fernando Diniz dos Santos

; Maia, João Vitor Bozza

; Mendez, Juan Diego Zambrano

; Sato, Beatrice Borges

; Souza, Roberto Matias

; Miyahara, Andre Kiyoshi

; Kirsztajn, Gianna Mastroianni

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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2024, N. ahead

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is usually asymptomatic, and its diagnosis depends on laboratory tests, with emphasis on serum creatinine and proteinuria. Objective: To assess knowledge on the role of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function in a sample of the Brazilian population. Method: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in São Paulo (SP, Brazil), in which a random adult population was interviewed. Results: A total of 1138 subjects were interviewed, with a median age of 36 years old (27–52); 55.1% were female. Regarding the “creatinine” biomarker, 40.6% stated they had never performed such a test. When asked about their knowledge on the usefulness of this exam, only 19.6% knew its function. The other responses were “I don’t know” (71.6%), evaluating heart function (0.9%) and liver function (7.8%). Of those who reported they had already taken a creatinine test, only 29.4% correctly identified the role of creatinine. When dividing the groups into “knows” and “does not know” the function of creatinine, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed regarding level of education, female sex, being a healthcare student/worker, having ever measured creatinine, knowing someone with kidney disease and older age. In the multivariate analysis, the main variable related to knowing the creatinine role was having previously taken the test (OR 5.16; 95% CI 3.16–8.43, p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant lack of knowledge about creatinine and its use in checkups. The results indicate that greater efforts are needed from healthcare professionals to raise awareness on the role of serum creatinine.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica costuma ser assintomática e seu diagnóstico depende da realização de exames laboratoriais, com destaque para a creatinina sérica e pesquisa de proteinúria. Objetivo: Avaliar em uma amostra da população brasileira o conhecimento sobre o papel da creatinina sérica como marcador de função renal. Método: Estudo observacional transversal realizado na cidade de São Paulo (SP, Brasil), em que foi entrevistada uma população adulta aleatória. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 1138 indivíduos, com idade mediana de 36 anos (27–52); 55,1% do sexo feminino. Com relação ao marcador “creatinina”, 40,6% afirmaram que nunca realizaram tal dosagem. Quando questionados quanto ao conhecimento sobre a utilidade desse exame, somente 19,6% sabiam a sua função. As outras respostas foram “não sei” (71,6%), avaliar o funcionamento do coração (0,9%) e fígado (7,8%). Dos que afirmaram já terem realizado o exame de creatinina, somente 29,4% acertaram a função da creatinina. Ao dividir os grupos em “sabe” e “não sabe” a função da creatinina, percebeu-se diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) em relação ao grau de escolaridade, sexo feminino, ser aluno/trabalhador da saúde, ter dosado creatinina alguma vez, conhecer alguém com doença renal e maior idade. Na análise multivariada, a principal variável relacionada com conhecer a função da creatinina foi ter realizado o exame anteriormente (OR 5,16; IC 95% 3,16–8,43, p < 0,001). Conclusão: Há grande desconhecimento sobre a creatinina e seu uso em check-ups. Os resultados indicam que é necessário maior esforço por parte dos profissionais de saúde para divulgar o papel da creatinina sérica.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2023-0117en

Different methods for assessing glomerular filtration rate in the elderly
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Almeida, Gilsirene Scantelbury de

; Toledo, Noeli das Neves

; Matos, Miharu Maguinoria Matsuura

; Martin, Luis Cuadrado

; Franco, Roberto Jorge da Silva

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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2024, Volume 70 N. 1 elocation e20221101

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the best method to replace cystatin C in the evaluation of glomerular filtration in the elderly. METHODS: Individuals over 60 years of age from a primary care center were studied. Blood was collected to determine creatinine and cystatin C and 24-h urine. Three methods were compared to determine glomerular filtration: Creatinine clearance, Cocroft-Gault, modification of diet in renal disease, and Collaboration Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease based on creatinine, considering as a reference the determination of glomerular filtration using the cystatin-based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. The statistical methods used were linear regression, Bland-Altman curve, and receiver operating characteristic. RESULTS: A total of 180 elderly people were evaluated, but 14 patients were lost from the sample, resulting in a total of 166 patients. The average age of patients was 66.9±6.1 years, and 69.8% were females. Regarding the number of patients eligible for the study, there were 12 black, 108 brown, and 46 white, 42.77% hypertensive, and 38.3% diabetic. Glomerular filtration was less than 60 mL/min in 22.28% of patients. Regarding the evaluation of the different equations, the correlation coefficient was lower for creatinine clearance and progressively higher for Cocroft-Gault, modification of diet in renal disease, and Collaboration Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease based on creatinine. The Bland-Altman diagram and the receiver operating characteristic curve showed similar performance to the correlation coefficient for the different equations evaluated. CONCLUSION: Collaboration Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease based on creatinine presented the best performance. Creatinine debug had the worst performance, which reinforces the idea that 24-h urine collection is unnecessary in these patients.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.20221101

Prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous areas, Northeastern Brazil, 2019–2021
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Gomez, Daniela Vaz Ferreira

; Almeida, Wanessa da Silva de

; Souza Junior, Paulo Roberto Borges de

; Lopes, Maria de Fátima Costa

; Luna, Expedito José de Albuquerque

; Zimmermann, Ivan Ricardo

; Tavares, Noemia Urruth Leão

; Gutierrez, Maria Margarita Urdaneta

; Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann

Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública

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2024, Volume 48 elocation e19

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

RESUMEN Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia del tracoma en poblaciones indígenas y no indígenas en determinadas zonas del estado de Maranhão, en el nordeste de Brasil. Métodos. Se trató de una encuesta de ámbito poblacional con muestreo probabilístico. Para el diagnóstico del tracoma, se realizó un examen ocular externo con una lupa frontal de 2,5X aumentos. Se estimó la prevalencia de la inflamación tracomatosa folicular (TF) en la población infantil de 1 a 9 años y la prevalencia de la triquiasis tracomatosa (TT) en la población de 15 años o más. Se obtuvieron las frecuencias relativas de las características sociodemográficas y ambientales. Resultados. En el estudio participaron 7 971 personas, 3 429 de poblaciones no indígenas y 4 542 de poblaciones indígenas. La prevalencia de la TF en las poblaciones no indígenas e indígenas fue de 0,1% y 2,9%, respectivamente, en tanto que la de la TT en las poblaciones indígenas fue de 0,1%. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de la TF y la TT en las dos unidades de evaluación del estado de Maranhão estuvo dentro de los límites recomendados para la eliminación del tracoma como problema de salud pública. Sin embargo, la prevalencia de la TF fue mayor en la unidad de evaluación indígena, lo que indica una mayor vulnerabilidad de esta población a la enfermedad. La prevalencia de la TF inferior al 5,0% implica una reducción de la transmisión, que puede haber sido consecuencia tanto de la mejora de las condiciones socioeconómicas como de la aplicación de la estrategia SAFE de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.

ABSTRACT Objective. To estimate the prevalence of trachoma in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in selected areas of the state of Maranhão, in northeastern Brazil. Methods. This was a population-based survey with probabilistic sampling. For the diagnosis of trachoma, external ocular examination was performed using head magnifying loupes, at 2.5X magnification. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation – follicular (TF) in children aged 1–9 years and the prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in the population aged ≥15 years were estimated. Relative frequencies of sociodemographic and environmental characteristics were obtained. Results. The study included 7 971 individuals, 3 429 from non-indigenous populations and 4 542 from indigenous populations. The prevalence of TF in non-indigenous and indigenous populations was 0.1% and 2.9%, respectively, and the prevalence of TT among indigenous populations was 0.1%. Conclusions. The prevalence of TF and TT in the two evaluation units in the state of Maranhão were within the limits recommended for the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. However, the prevalence of TF was higher in the indigenous evaluation unit, indicating a greater vulnerability of this population to the disease. The prevalence of TF of below 5.0% implies a reduction in transmission, which may have resulted from improved socioeconomic conditions and/or the implementation of the World Health Organization SAFE strategy.

RESUMO Objetivo. Estimar a prevalência do tracoma em populações indígenas e não indígenas em áreas selecionadas do estado do Maranhão, na região Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos. Inquérito de base populacional com amostragem probabilística. Para o diagnóstico de tracoma, foi realizado exame ocular externo com o auxílio de lupas binoculares com ampliação de 2,5×. Foram estimadas a prevalência de inflamação tracomatosa folicular (TF) em crianças de 1 a 9 anos de idade e a prevalência de triquíase tracomatosa (TT) na população com idade ≥15 anos. Foram obtidas as frequências relativas das características sociodemográficas e ambientais. Resultados. O estudo incluiu 7 971 indivíduos (3 429 de populações não indígenas e 4 542 de populações indígenas). A prevalência de TF nas populações não indígenas e indígenas foi de 0,1% e 2,9%, respectivamente, e a prevalência de TT entre as populações indígenas foi de 0,1%. Conclusões. A prevalência de TF e TT nas duas unidades de avaliação no estado do Maranhão ficou dentro dos limites recomendados para a eliminação do tracoma como problema de saúde pública. No entanto, a prevalência de TF foi maior na unidade de avaliação indígena, indicando uma maior vulnerabilidade dessa população à doença. A prevalência de TF abaixo de 5,0% implica uma redução na transmissão, que pode ter sido resultado de melhores condições socioeconômicas e da implementação da estratégia SAFE da Organização Mundial da Saúde.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.19

10.

Inefficacious drugs against covid-19: analysis of sales, tweets, and search engines
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Brito Junior, Irineu de

; Saraiva, Flaviane Azevedo

; Bruno, Nathan de Campos

; Silva, Roberto Fray da

; Hino, Celso Mitsuo

; Yoshizaki, Hugo Tsugunobu Yoshida

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2024, Volume 58 elocation 06

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Assess the correlation between the sales of two drugs with no proven efficacy against covid-19, ivermectin and chloroquine, and other relevant variables, such as Google® searches, number of tweets related to these drugs, number of cases and deaths resulting from covid-19. METHODS The methodology adopted in this study has four stages: data collection, data processing, exploratory data analysis, and correlation analysis. Spearman’s method was used to obtain cross-correlations between each pair of variables. RESULTS The results show similar behaviors between variables. Peaks occurred in the same or near periods. The exploratory data analysis showed shortage of chloroquine in the period corresponding to the beginning of advertising for the application of these drugs against covid-19. Both drugs showed a high and statistically significant correlation with the other variables. Also, some of them showed a higher correlation with drug sales when we employed a one-month lag. In the case of chloroquine, this was observed for the number of deaths. In the case of ivermectin, this was observed for the number of tweets, cases, and deaths. CONCLUSIONS The results contribute to decision making in crisis management by governments, industries, and stores. In times of crisis, as observed during the covid-19 pandemic, some variables can help sales forecasting, especially Google® and tweets, which provide a real-time analysis of the situation. Monitoring social media platforms and search engines would allow the determination of drug use by the population and better prediction of potential peaks in the demand for these drugs.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar a correlação entre as vendas de dois medicamentos sem eficácia comprovada no tratamento de covid-19, ivermectina e cloroquina, e outras variáveis relevantes: pesquisas no Google®, número de tweets relacionados aos medicamentos, casos e óbitos decorrentes da covid-19. MÉTODOS A metodologia adotada neste estudo se divide em quatro partes: coleta de dados; processamento dos dados; análise exploratória; e análise de correlação. Foi utilizado o método de Spearman para obter as correlações cruzadas entre cada par de variáveis. RESULTADOS Os resultados mostram similaridade entre os comportamentos das variáveis. Os picos ocorreram em períodos iguais ou próximos. A análise exploratória dos dados apontou que houve falta de cloroquina no período correspondente ao início das divulgações sobre a aplicação desses medicamentos para o tratamento da covid-19. Ambos os medicamentos apresentaram correlação alta e estatisticamente significativa com as demais variáveis analisadas. Também foi observado que algumas delas apresentaram maior correlação com as vendas de medicamentos quando assumiram defasagem temporal de um mês. No caso da cloroquina, isso ocorreu com a variável óbitos. No caso da ivermectina, ocorreu com as variáveis número de tweets, casos e óbitos. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados observados contribuem para a tomada de decisão durante a gestão de crises por parte de governo, indústrias e comércios. Em momentos de crises, como observado durante a pandemia, as variáveis mostraram que são capazes de auxiliar na previsão de vendas, em especial o Google® e os tweets, que proporcionam uma análise em tempo real da situação. Acompanhar as redes sociais e mecanismos de busca permitiria detecção de uso pela população e melhor previsão de potenciais picos de demanda desses medicamentos.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2024058005413

11.

RELATIONSHIP OF FEMALE BREASTS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, EXERCISE AND SPORT - Part 1
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Lombardi, João Augusto

; Corrêa, Rosangela Passarela Faroni

; Silva, Roberto do Nascimento

; Moreno, Tathiana Rebizzi Parmigiano

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte

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2024, Volume 30 elocation e2022_0122

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Introduction: The women are increasingly seeking to be physically active or even choose sports as their professional activity as in the years, the number of Summer Olympic athletes has equaled that of men. Due to this growing female participation in sports, the study of female and male differences has become increasingly relevant in the involvement of the academic world. Objective: A review on this subject, stimulating more research, and making knowledge reach more women is a major objective of this literature review. We understand that more studies are needed to understand pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Methods: The study design was a retrospective narrative review of the relationship between breasts and physical activity, exercise, and sports. Results: Several anthropometric and physiological differences have been established; however, the volume and shape of the female breast is peculiar but still little studied. The specificity of female breasts are conditions that can exert sports performance and contribute to distancing women from physical activity practice. Conclusion: Possible conditions of female breasts in sports are exercise-induced mastalgia, breast injury, nipple injury, pregnancy, and many others. We understand that more studies are needed to understand pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective Narrative Review.

RESUMEN Introducción: Cada vez son más las mujeres que buscan ser físicamente activas e incluso eligen el deporte como actividad profesional, ya que en los últimos años el número de atletas olímpicas de verano ha igualado al de los hombres. Debido a esta creciente participación femenina en el deporte, el estudio de las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres se ha vuelto cada vez más relevante en el ámbito académico. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sobre este tema, estimular nuevas investigaciones y hacer que el conocimiento llegue a más mujeres constituye el principal objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica. Métodos: El diseño del estudio fue una revisión narrativa retrospectiva de la relación entre mamas y actividad física, ejercicio y deporte. Resultados: Se han establecido varias diferencias antropométricas y fisiológicas; sin embargo, el volumen y la forma de la mama femenina son peculiares, pero aún poco estudiados. La especificidad de las mamas femeninas es un factor que puede perjudicar el rendimiento deportivo y contribuir a alejar a las mujeres de la actividad física. Conclusión: Las posibles afecciones de las mamas femeninas en el deporte son la mastalgia inducida por el ejercicio, las lesiones mamarias, las lesiones del pezón, el embarazo y muchas otras. Entendemos que se necesitan más estudios para comprender la fisiopatología, la prevención y el tratamiento. Nivel de Evidencia II; Revisión Narrativa Retrospectiva.

RESUMO Introdução: As mulheres estão cada vez mais buscando ser fisicamente ativas e até escolhendo o esporte como sua atividade profissional, pois, nos últimos anos, o número de atletas olímpicas de verão equiparou-se ao dos homens. Devido a essa crescente participação feminina nos esportes, o estudo sobre as diferenças entre homens e mulheres tem se tornado cada vez mais relevante no âmbito acadêmico. Objetivo: Uma revisão sobre esse assunto, estimulando mais pesquisas e fazendo com que o conhecimento chegue a mais mulheres constitui o principal objetivo desta revisão da literatura. Métodos: O desenho do estudo foi uma revisão narrativa retrospectiva da relação entre mamas e atividade física, exercícios e esportes. Resultados: Várias diferenças antropométricas e fisiológicas foram estabelecidas; entretanto, o volume e a forma da mama feminina são peculiares, mas ainda pouco estudados. A especificidade das mamas femininas é um fator que pode prejudicar o desempenho esportivo e contribuir para afastar as mulheres da prática de atividade física. Conclusão: As possíveis condições das mamas femininas no esporte são mastalgia induzida pelo exercício, lesão mamária, lesão do mamilo, gravidez e muitas outras. Entendemos que são necessários mais estudos para compreender a fisiopatologia, a prevenção e o tratamento. Nível de Evidência II; Revisão Narrativa Retrospectiva.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202430022022_0122i

12.

Cell disruption of microalgae: advances and perspectives
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Nunes, André Luiz Figueiredo

; Lima, Viviane Sobreira

; Miranda Júnior, José Roberto

; Resende, Monique Ellen Torres

; Silva, César Augusto Sodré da

; Martins, Márcio Arêdes

; Coimbra, Jane Selia dos Reis

Ciência Rural

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2024, Volume 54 N. 5 elocation e20220330

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

RESUMO: As microalgas são organismos cuja biomassa possui biomoléculas abundantes como carboidratos, lipídeos, proteínas, pigmentos, vitaminas, minerais e compostos antioxidantes, com inúmeras aplicações industriais com destaque para os segmentos de alimentos, nutricional, farmacológico, cosmético e de energia, na produção de biocombustíveis. Entretanto, o acesso de forma integra a essas biomoléculas pode ser dificultado pela rigidez estrutural de sua parede celular, sendo necessário a aplicação de um pré-tratamento que promova a lise celular. As diferentes técnicas de ruptura celular aplicáveis à biomassa microalgal descritas na literatura podem ser de natureza mecânica, com destaque para as técnicas de moagem em moinho de bolas e homogeneização à alta pressão (HAP) ou não mecânica (química, térmica e enzimática), cada uma com vantagens e desvantagens. Assim, o objetivo da presente revisão narrativa é descrever o uso de diferentes métodos para o rompimento de células de microalgas, com suas vantagens, desvantagens e seus desafios.

ABSTRACT: Microalgae are organisms whose biomass contains different biomolecules, such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, pigments, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidant compounds, with numerous industrial applications, highlighting the food, nutritional, cosmetic, pharmacological, and biofuel segments. However, access to these biomolecules in an integrated manner is often hampered due to the structural rigidity of their cell wall, requiring the application of a pre-treatment that promotes cell lysis. Various cell rupture techniques applied to microalgae biomass have been reported. These methods can be mechanical, especially ball milling techniques and high-pressure homogenization (HPH), or non-mechanical, such as chemical, thermal, and enzymatic procedures, each with advantages and disadvantages. Thus, this review addressed the different methods of cell disruption, listing their advantages and disadvantages, applications in cell biomass, and challenges.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20220330

13.

Dietary supplementation of glutamine and glutamic acid on performance, intestinal morphometry, and carcass characteristics of broiler quails
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Silva Junior, Paulo Antonio da

; Givisiez, Patrícia Emília Naves

; Costa, Fernando Guilherme Perazzo

; Oliveira, Celso José Bruno de

; Silva, José Humberto Vilar da

; Lana, Geraldo Roberto Quintão

; Lana, Sandra Roseli Valério

; Barros Júnior, Romilton Ferreira de

Ciência Rural

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2024, Volume 54 N. 3 elocation e20210540

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation with glutamine and glutamic acid (Gln+Glu) on performance, intestinal morphometry, and carcass characteristics of broiler quails. Eight hundred birds were used, distributed in an entirely randomized design with 20 birds per experimental unit, and given five treatments (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; and 0.8% Gln+Glu supplementation) with eight replicates. At 1-21 days of age, lower (P < 0.05) feed intake at 0.6 and 0.8% Gln+Glu supplementation and lower weight gain at 0.8% Gln+Glu supplementation compared to the control treatment were observed. By regression analysis, excluding the control treatment, there was an increasing linear effect (P < 0.05) for feed intake at 22 to 42 days of age. For intestinal morphometry, Gln+Glu supplementation only favored the villus development of the ileum (P < 0.05), giving it greater height at 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8% supplementation. Carcass characteristics, cuts, and edible viscera of the birds at 42 days were not affected (P > 0.05) by Gln+Glu supplementation levels. Thus, the glutamine and glutamic acid supplementation affected the performance and intestinal morphology of 21-d-old quails, decreasing feed intake and weight gain associated with the improvement of ileum morphology; conversely, performance and carcass characteristics at 42 days were not affected by amino acid supplementation.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de glutamina e ácido glutâmico (Gln+Glu) sobre o desempenho, a morfometria intestinal e as características de carcaça de codornas de corte. Foram utilizadas 800 aves, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (0,0; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 e 0,8% de suplementação de Gln+Glu) e oito repetições com 20 aves por unidade experimental. Na fase de um a 21 dias, constatou-se menor (P < 0,05) consumo de ração aos níveis de 0,6 e 0,8% de Gln+Glu e menor ganho de peso ao nível 0,8% de Gln+Glu em comparação ao tratamento controle; e, pela análise de regressão, excluindo-se o tratamento controle, houve efeito linear crescente (P < 0,05) para consumo de ração na fase 22 a 42 dias de idade. Para morfometria intestinal, a suplementação de Gln+Glu apenas favoreceu o desenvolvimento vilos do íleo (P < 0,05), conferindo-lhe maior altura aos níveis de 0,2; 0,6 e 0,8% de suplementação. As características de carcaça, cortes e vísceras comestíveis das aves aos 42 dias não foram afetadas (P > 0,05) pelos níveis de suplementação de Gln+Glu. Assim, a suplementação de glutamina e ácido glutâmico influenciou o desempenho e a morfometria intestinal de codornas de corte aos 21 dias de idade, promovendo redução do consumo de ração e do ganho, associado ao aumento morfométrico do íleo; por outro lado, o desempenho das aves e as suas características de carcaça aos 42 dias não foram afetados pela suplementação dos aminoácidos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210540

14.

Autoinflammatory diseases: a Latin American multicenter study according to age and sex
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Piotto, Daniela Gerent Petry

; Kozu, Katia

; Aikawa, Nádia Emi

; Carneiro, Pedro Lopes

; Katsicas, María Martha

; Oliveira, Sheila Knupp Feitosa de

; Fernandes, Taciana de Albuquerque Pedrosa

; Magalhães, Claudia Saad

; Cunha, Ana Luiza Garcia

; Bica, Blanca Elena Rios Gomes

; Rabelo Júnior, Carlos Nobre

; Battagliotti, Cristina

; Matos, Erica Naomi Naka

; Santos, Flavia Patrícia Sena Teixeira

; Sztajnbok, Flavio Roberto

; Bezrodnik, Liliana

; Bandeira, Marcia

; Rodrigues, Marta Cristine Felix

; Munittis, Pablo García

; Appenzeller, Simone

; Robazzi, Teresa Cristina Martins

; Clemente, Gleice

; Silva, Clovis Artur

; Terreri, Maria Teresa

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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2024, Volume 42 elocation e2022184

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate autoinflammatory diseases (AID) according to age at diagnosis and sex, and response to therapy in a large population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study of a Latin American registry using a designed web system for data storage, collected between 2015 and 2018. Any altered findings during follow-up were recorded. The forms were translated into Portuguese and Spanish, including demographic, clinical, laboratory, genetic and treatment characteristics. Results: We included 152 patients, 51.3% male and 75% Caucasian. The median age at disease onset was 2.1 years (0–15.6 years) and median age at diagnosis 6.9 years (0–21.9 years); 111 (73%) were children (0–9 years old), and 41 (27%) were adolescents and young adults (AYA) (10–21 years old). Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis syndrome (PFAPA) occurred in 46/152 (30%), chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) in 32/152 (21%), and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) in 24/152 (15.7%). PFAPA was significantly higher in young children than in AYA (38.7% vs. 7.3%, p<0.001), while CNO were lower (13.5% vs. 41.5%, p<0.001). The frequency of females was significantly higher in CNO (28.4% vs. 14.1%, p=0.031) and lower in FMF (8.1% vs. 23.1%, p=0.011). The most used drugs were glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and colchicine. Glucocorticoids and colchicine treatment were used in all AID with good to moderate response. However, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) seemed unresponsive to glucocorticoids. NSAIDs and methotrexate were the main medications used to treat CNO. Conclusions: Differences among AID patients were observed in the LA population regarding sex and age at disease diagnosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as doenças autoinflamatórias (DAI) de acordo com sexo e idade no momento do diagnóstico e a resposta terapêutica em uma grande população. Métodos: Este é um estudo observacional transversal de um registro latino-americano que usou um sistema de dados coletados entre 2015 e 2018. Quaisquer achados alterados ao longo do acompanhamento foram registrados. Os formulários foram traduzidos para os idiomas português e espanhol, incluindo características demográficas, clínicas, laboratoriais, genéticas e de tratamento. Resultados: Incluímos 152 pacientes, sendo 51,3% do sexo masculino e 75% da raça branca. A média de idade de início da doença foi de 2,1 anos (0–15,6 anos) e a média de idade de diagnóstico 6,9 anos (0–21,9 anos); 111 (73%) eram crianças (0–9 anos) e 41 (27%) adolescentes/adultos jovens (10–21 anos). A síndrome de febre periódica, estomatite aftosa, faringite e adenite (PFAPA) ocorreu em 46/152 (30%), osteomielite não bacteriana crônica (CNO) em 32/152 (21%) e febre familiar do Mediterrâneo (FMF) em 24/152 (15,7%). A PFAPA foi significativamente maior em crianças pequenas (38,7 vs. 7,3%, p<0,001), e a CNO, em adolescentes/adultos jovens (13,5 vs. 41,5%, p<0,001). A frequência do sexo feminino foi significativamente maior na CNO (28,4 vs. 14,1%, p=0,031) e menor na FMF (8,1 vs. 23,1%, p=0,011). Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram glicocorticoides, anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINE) e colchicina. O tratamento com glicocorticoides e colchicina foi usado em todas as DAI com resposta boa a moderada. No entanto, as síndromes periódicas associadas à criopirina (CAPS) pareciam não responder aos glicocorticoides. AINE e metotrexato foram os principais medicamentos utilizados no tratamento da CNO. Conclusões: Diferenças de pacientes com DAI foram observadas na população latino-americana em pacientes agrupados por sexo e idade ao diagnóstico da doença.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2024/42/2022184

15.

The World of Cave Microbiomes: Biodiversity, Ecological Interactions, Chemistry, and the Multi-Omics Integration Microbiomes Biodiversity Interactions Chemistry MultiOmics Multi Omics
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Kato, Natália N.

; Arini, Gabriel S.

; Silva, Ricardo Roberto

; Bichuette, Maria Elina

; Bitencourt, José Augusto P.

; Lopes, Norberto P.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2024, Volume 35 N. 1 elocation e-20230148

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Caves are ecosystems and natural heritage sites with magnificent biological diversity, from microorganisms to animals, despite their selective environment for development and survival. Until now, studies on cave microbiomes have included taxonomic classification through metagenomics analysis, demonstrating microbiological heterogeneity mainly composed of prokaryotic organisms or bacteria species. The generally oligotrophic environment, with limited energy input and dark zone, is the main feature differentiating the cave microorganisms from the other microbiomes and resulting in a unique habitat, which has unexplored regard to biology and chemical diversity. Multi-omics integration is a key strategy for scanning and integrating the macro and micromolecular universe, providing a better comprehension of processes and answers of the microbiome in natural cavities. Here, we highlight the strategies employed to study the cave microbiome, from the microbial genomes to their ability to secondary metabolites production, and also the multi-omics integration to explore the chemical and biological diversity in caves. animals survival now analysis species zone habitat Multiomics Multi omics universe cavities Here production multiomics multi caves

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230148

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