Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do ar com base no fluxo veicular das cidades localizadas em diferentes altitudes na microrregião da Bodoquena, no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Para tal, foi realizado o teste de micronúcleo, por meio do bioensaio TRAD-MCN em botões jovens de Tradescantia coletadas no período entre fevereiro a novembro de 2018 em sete cidades da microrregião da Bodoquena, com diferentes intensidades de fluxo veicular. Foram avaliados os parâmetros meteorológicos, os veículos foram contados para determinar o tráfego de veículos em cada cidade e altitude. A partir da topografia Shuttle Radar (SRTM) e processamento no software Esri ArcGIS® versão 10.5.1 foi possível mapear a área com base no Modelo de Elevação. As análises morfoanatômicos foram realizadas conforme metodologia padrão. As mensurações de espessura, comprimento, largura dos tecidos e estruturas como a cutícula superior, cutícula inferior, face superior e face inferior da epiderme, hipoderme e mesófilo foram avaliadas. O maior fluxo veicular foi encontrado nas cidades de Bodoquena, Guia Lopes da Laguna, Jardim e Porto Murtinho. O horário das 17:00 às 18:00h foi o que apresentou maiores fluxo de veículos. A maior frequência de alterações mutagênicas foi encontrada na cidade de Guia Lopes, não diferindo de Bonito, Caracol e Jardim. Ao longo do biomonitoramento observou-se que as estações de verão e outono foram as que apresentaram maiores frequências de micronúcleo independente da cidade avaliada. Observou-se que a correlação entre a frequência de micronúcleos e o fluxo veicular foi baixa, apoiando a tese de que essa microrregião, embora apresente alterações mutagênicas em T. pallida, as alterações numericamente são pequenas quando comparadas a outras regiões do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Observou-se uma variação na espessura dos tecidos/estruturas que é variável entre as diferentes cidades e estações do ano. De forma geral os tecidos/estrutura apresentaram redução na espessura para as cidades de Nioaque e Porto Murtinho quanto aos aspectos anatômicos e morfológicos, sendo que, para o comprimento e espessura foliar não foi observado diferenças entre as cidades. Em relação as estações do ano, observou-se que no outono a espessura dos tecidos/estruturas são menores. Diante dos fatores genotóxicos e morfoanatômicos aqui avaliados, a microrregião da Bodoquena parece estar bem preservada em termos de qualidade do ar, apresentando baixa frequência de micronúcleos e redução limitada de tecidos e estruturas foliares, independentemente da estação do ano.

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess air quality in relation to vehicular traffic flow in cities located at different elevations in the Bodoquena microregion, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To do so, a micronucleus test was carried out using the TRAD-MCN bioassay on young Tradescantia buds collected from February to November 2018 in seven cities of the microregion with different traffic flow intensities. Meteorological parameters were evaluated, and vehicular traffic was counted to determine traffic flow in each city. With data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and processing in Esri ArcGIS® software version 10.5.1, the regions was mapped based on an Elevation Model. Morphoanatomical analyses were performed according to standard methodology. Measurements were taken of thickness, length and width of tissues and structures, including the upper and lower cuticle, upper and lower epidermis, hypodermis and mesophyll. The greatest traffic flow was found in the cities of Bodoquena, Guia Lopes da Laguna, Jardim, and Porto Murtinho, with the period from 5:00 to 6:00 p.m. showing the highest traffic flow. The greatest frequency of mutagenic alterations was found in the city of Guia Lopes da Laguna, although the results did not differ significantly from Bonito, Caracol, and Jardim. Throughout the biomonitoring, the summer and autumn seasons showed the greatest micronuclei frequencies in all evaluated cities. Variations in the tissue/structure thickness was observed across cities and seasons, but with a decrease in thickness during autumn. In general, the tissues/structures were smaller for the cities of Nioaque and Porto Murtinho, while the anatomical and morphological characteristics of leaf length and thickness showed no differences among cities. We found limited correlation between micronuclei frequency and traffic flow, supporting the hypothesis that although mutagenic alterations are observed in T. pallida, in this microregion the changes are numerically lower when compared to other regions of the state. In light of the genotoxic and morphoanatomical factors assessed herein, the Bodoquena microregion appears to be well preserved in terms of air quality, presenting low micronuclei frequency and a limited reduction in tissues and leaf structures, regardless of the season.

Abstract The corn cropping system can influence the natural enemy identity and the number of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) individuals infesting the cartridge, ear and stem of this plant. The objectives were to identify the S. frugiperda natural enemies and differences in the number of individuals infesting the cartridge, ear and stem of corn plants under conventional and organic cropping systems, in Brazil after an initial collection of adult males through semiochemical traps. We also evaluated key morphometrical parameters of the larva and factors contributing with the viability of S. frugiperda. A total of 16 and 136 adult males was trapped, and 1,124 and 1,112 larvae was recovered from conventional and organic systems with 4.7 and 6.7% of them parasitized by dipteran and hymenopteran, respectively. Most of the parasitoids recovered had occurrence in both cropping systems, except Cremastinae and Ophion flavidus Brullé, 1846 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), which were recorded only in organic and Campoletis sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) only in conventional corns. The number of parasitoids recovered was similar in corn plant samples between both cropping systems. A total of 152 and 31 larvae was recovered from corn ears under conventional and organic systems, respectively. Doru luteipes (Scudder, 1876) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) was recovered from all samples under conventional system. The larva length was overall similar between cropping systems. Parasitism by dipteran and hymenopteran, infection by microorganisms, larva mortality by undetermined causes, and differences in viability of S. frugiperda stages were factors contributing with the supression of this pest. The new associations and parasitoids reported represent possibilities of expanding the biological control strategies to manage S. frugiperda in corn crops.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo dos perdizes de asas vermelhas em cativeiro utilizando diferentes sistemas de acasalamento durante três épocas de reprodução. Os dados foram coletados de agosto a março, durante três épocas de reprodução da espécie. Dez casais e quatro grupos de perdizes de asas vermelhas foram selecionados aleatoriamente para a formação do sistema de acasalamento monogâmico e poliginoso, respectivamente, com coleta de ovos de ambos os sistemas. Os traços avaliados foram o número de ovos por fêmea, a quebra dos ovos e a fertilização dos ovos. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo método dos mínimos quadrados e pela regressão logística. Os animais na estratégia de acasalamento de casais foram superiores (P<0,05) em termos de número de óvulos por fêmea, em comparação com a estratégia de acasalamento do grupo. Foi observada uma alta taxa de quebra de ovos (P<0,05) nos grupos perdizes de asas vermelhas. Ovos de animais em estratégia de acasalamento de casais foram 5,24 e 11,5 mais propensos a serem fertilizados do que os de estratégia de grupo em duas épocas de reprodução. Em geral, a eficiência reprodutiva em termos de baixa quebra de ovos, alta produção de ovos e fertilidade foi observada para os tinâmicos de asas vermelhas do sistema de acasalamento monogâmico.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive performance of red-winged tinamous in captivity using different mating systems during three breeding seasons. The data were collected from August to March during three breeding seasons of the species. Ten couples and four groups of red-winged tinamous were randomly selected for formation of the monogamous and polygynous mating system, respectively, with egg collection from both systems. The traits evaluated were number of eggs per female, egg breaking and egg fertilization. Data were statistically analyzed by the least square method and logistic regression. Animals in couples mating strategy were superior (P<0.05) in terms of number of eggs per female compared to the group mating strategy. High egg breaking rate (P<0.05) in the red-winged tinamous groups was observed. Eggs of animals in couples mating strategy were 5.24 and 11.5 more likely to be fertilized than those of group strategy in two breeding seasons. In general, the reproductive efficiency in terms of low egg breaking, high egg production and fertility was observed for red-winged tinamous from the monogamous mating system.

RESUMO O conhecimento dos momentos em que as condições meteorológicas são favoráveis à pulverização agrícola é importante no planejamento agrícola, principalmente para o dimensionamento da frota. Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar, em escala temporal, as condições climáticas favoráveis à pulverização agrícola no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, assim como as épocas e meses do ano com melhores e piores condições, o elemento meteorológico mais limitante e suas relações com as coordenadas geográficas e a altitude do local. Foram utilizados dados horários de estações meteorológicas automáticas de 12 locais, perfazendo um total de 56.500 dias e 1.356.009 observações horárias. Foram considerados favoráveis os valores de velocidade do vento acima de 3 km h-1 e abaixo de 10 km h-1, temperatura do ar ≤ 30 °C e umidade relativa do ar maior que 55%. Os dados foram expostos após à análise descritiva considerando a frequência e a média registrada. A altitude apresentou correlação negativa moderada com a velocidade do vento. A temperatura do ar é o elemento meteorológico com maior favorabilidade para pulverizações agrícolas no Rio Grande do Sul. A velocidade do vento é o elemento meteorológico mais limitante. Não houve diferença de favorabilidade entre os meses do ano. Os horários mais favoráveis ocorreram das 18:00 às 11:00 h e os mais desfavoráveis das 12:00 às 17:00 h. Considerando a condição em que a temperatura do ar, velocidade do vento e umidade relativa do ar foram simultaneamente adequadas para a pulverização agrícola no Rio Grande do Sul, 43,2% dos momentos foram favoráveis.

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the periods when the meteorological conditions are favorable for agricultural spraying is important in agricultural planning, particularly in fleet dimensioning. This study aimed to determine, on a temporal scale, favorable weather conditions for agricultural spraying in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. In addition, the times and months of the year that have the most and least suitable conditions for agricultural spraying were investigated, as well as the meteorological conditions that are frequently limiting and their relationships with the geographic coordinates and altitude of the location. Hourly data from automatic weather stations in 12 locations were collected, totaling 56,500 days and 1,356,009 hourly observations. Wind speeds greater than 3 km h-1 and less than 10 km h-1, air temperatures up to 30 °C, and relative air humidity above 55% were considered favorable. The data were released after descriptive analysis considering the registered frequency and mean. Altitude showed a moderate negative correlation with wind speed favorability. Air temperature was the meteorological element with the greatest favorability for agricultural spraying in the Rio Grande do Sul State, whereas wind speed was the most limiting meteorological element. There were no differences in favorability between the months of the year. The most favorable times were from 6:00 p.m. to 11:00 a.m. and the most unfavorable from 12:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Considering the condition in which air temperature, wind speed, and relative air humidity were adequate for agricultural spraying simultaneously in the Rio Grande do Sul State, 43.2% of the periods were favorable.

RESUMO: Milhares de famílias vivem nos assentamentos da reforma agrária, criados no Brasil desde a década de 1980. Fatores como aglomerações de famílias convivendo no mesmo ambiente de produção de animais domésticos podem favorecer a transmissão e manutenção de zoonoses nessas áreas. A epidemiologia e distribuição geográfica das doenças zoonóticas nas comunidades assentadas precisam ser destacadas. Neste sentido, o presente estudo objetivou investigar a prevalência, fatores de risco e distribuição espacial do complexo teníase-cisticercose nos assentamentos rurais da reforma agrária no estado de Minas Gerais. Um total de 497 propriedades da agricultura familiar, distribuídas em 52 assentamentos, foram selecionadas e amostradas aleatoriamente. Amostras biológicas de humanos, bovinos e suínos foram coletadas e processadas. Questionários epidemiológicos foram aplicados em cada propriedade para a coleta de dados sobre a produção animal, condições sanitárias, higiênicas e sociais de cada família. Amostras fecais humanas foram analisadas para detecção de infecção por teníase, e amostras de sangue de animais foram coletadas e submetidas a testes sorológicos para detecção de infecção por cisticercose. Foram encontrados três (0,35%) casos positivos para teníase humana, 64 (4,2%) para cisticercose bovina e 17 (3,3%) para cisticercose suína. A prevalência por unidade de agricultura familiar foi de 0,6% (3/497) para teníase por exame fecal, 5,8% (17/294) para cisticercose suína e 11,1% (52/469) para cisticercose bovina. O perfil espacial da teníase humana e da cisticercose suína agrupou-se em duas regiões distintas, enquanto a cisticercose bovina apresentou distribuição geográfica dispersa. Dois fatores de risco estiveram associados à ocorrência de cisticercose bovina: riacho como fonte de água (p=0,009) e meio ambiente como destino de esgoto (p=0,031), enquanto a queima de lixo mostrou-se um fator de proteção significativo (p<0,001). O fator de risco para cisticercose suína foi associado à presença de suínos caipira (p=0,008) e ao meio ambiente como destino do esgoto (p≤0,024). Estas doenças zoonóticas representam um risco significativo para a saúde pública devido à sua ocorrência em rebanhos que são produzidos tanto para consumo de carne quanto para comercialização. Neste estudo os assentamentos analisados se configuram em áreas endêmicas no estado de Minas Gerais, e esses achados sugerem a importância de maiores investimentos na educação em saúde pública, melhoria das instalações sanitárias dos assentamentos como fonte e tratamento de água e destinação adequada de esgoto. São necessárias ações integradas entre os setores de saúde humana, animal e ambiental, em âmbito local e regional, visando a adoção de políticas públicas efetivas de controle e erradicação do complexo teníase-cisticercose onde estiver presente.

ABSTRACT: Thousands of families live in agrarian reform rural settlements, these existing in Brazil since the 1980s. Factors such as agglomerations of families living in the same environment and the production of domestic animals can promote the transmission and maintenance of zoonosis in these areas. The epidemiology and geographic distribution of zoonotic diseases in settlement communities need to be highlighted. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence, risk factors and spatial distribution of the teniasis-cysticercosis complex in the agrarian reform rural settlements in the state of Minas Gerais. A total of 497 family farming properties, distributed in 52 settlements, were randomly selected and sampled. Biological samples of humans, cattle and pigs were collected and processed. Survey questionnaires were applied in each family farming property to collect data on animal production as well as sanitary, hygienic and social conditions of each family. Human fecal samples were analyzed for detection of teniasis infection, while animal blood samples were collected and subjected to serological testing to detect the cysticercosis infection. A total of three (0.35%) positive cases of human teniasis were identified, 64 (4.2%) of bovine cysticercosis and 17 (3.3%) of swine cysticercosis. Prevalence per family farming unit was 0.6% (3/497) of taeniasis through fecal test, 5.8% (17/294) for swine cysticercosis and 11.1% (52/469) for bovine cysticercosis. The spatial profile for human teniasis and swine cysticercosis were clustered in two different regions, while bovine cysticercosis showed a dispersed geographical distribution. Two risk factors were associated with the occurrence of bovine cysticercosis: stream as source of water (p=0.009) and the environment as destination of sewage (p=0.031), while burning of garbage was shown to be a significant protective factor (p<0.001). Risk factor for swine cysticercosis was associated with the presence of free range pigs (p=0.008) and the environment as the destination of sewage (p≤0.024). The low number of positive human taeniasis did not allow statistical analysis. These zoonotic diseases represent a significant risk to public health because of their occurrence in livestock which are produced for both beef consumption and for commercialization. Significant endemic areas in the state of Minas Gerais have been determined in this study, and these discoverments suggest the importance of further investment in public health education about teniasis-cysticercosis transmission, the improvement of sanitary facilities for the settlements such as source and treatment of water and adequate destination of sewage. Integrated actions between the human, animal and environmental health sectors, at local and regional levels are needed, aiming at the adoption of effective public policies for the control and eradication of the teniasis-cysticercosis complex where the disease occurs.

Abstract Regular exercise is beneficial to health. This study evaluated the effects of moderate and intense physical exercise modalities on intradermal infection by Staphylococcus aureus in a murine model. Mice that practiced moderate exercise had lower bacterial load on lymph nodes and less inflammatory infiltrate in dermis. They presented greater weight, however, less amount of epididymal fat: the weight was increased while they had fat diminished. A positive correlation was observed between lipid content and bacterial load in mice trained at moderate intensity. Animals that were under high intensity exercises presented superior bacterial load on the lymph nodes, increased neutrophil count and circulating lymphocytes, and had leukocyte recruitment to the dermis augmented, when compared to the ones in moderate exercise. These findings suggest that moderate physical activity modulates the immune response in dermal infection caused by S. aureus in a murine model.

Abstract Angiogenesis (budding of new blood vessels) is involved in several processes, including the development of embryos and growth of tumors. Schinus terebinthifolia leaves express an antitumor lectin (SteLL). This work hypothesized that SteLL can interfere with the formation of a vascular network from preexisting vessels. To test this hypothesis, the effect of SteLL on the angiogenesis process was assessed using an in vivo model of yolk sac membrane of Coturnix japonica embryos. SteLL was isolated with purification factor of 46.6. As expected, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for native basic proteins confirmed the homogeneity and PAGE in presence of dodecyl sodium sulphate revealed a single 14-kDa polypeptide band. The fractal analysis by box counting and information dimension measurements indicated that SteLL at 1.35 mg/mL significantly decreased by ca. 12% the angiogenesis within the C. japonica yolk sac membrane regarding the control. The inhibition of the vascular network formation in the yolk sac membrane resulted in decreased blood supply to the embryos. Consequently, the area of embryos was significantly reduced by 9.2% regarding the control, which corroborated with the antiangiogenic activity of SteLL. The findings implicate SteLL as an antiangiogenic agent and add to the panel of biological activities of this lectin.

In early 2021, Brazil saw a dramatic recurrence in Covid-19 cases associated to the spread of a novel variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the P1 variant. In light of previous reports showing that this variant is more transmissible and more likely to infect people who had recovered from previous infection, a retrospective analysis was conducted to assess if the early 2021 Covid-19 wave in Brazil was associated with an increase in the number of individuals presenting with a more severe clinical course. Fifty-one thousand and fourteen individuals who underwent telemedicine consultations were divided into two groups: patients seen on or before January 31, 2021, and on or after February 1, 2021. These dates were chosen based on the spread of the P1 variant in Brazil. Referral to the emergency department (ED) was used as a marker of a more severe course of the disease. No differences were seen in the proportion of patients referred to the ED in each group nor in the odds ratio of being referred to the ED from the 1st of February 2021 (OR=0.909; 95%CI: 0.81-1.01). Considering the entire cohort, age had an impact on the odds of being referred to the ED, with individuals older than 59 years showing twice the risk of the remaining population and those less than 19 years showing a lower risk.

Abstract During the last quarter of 2019, the beaches, mangroves, and estuaries of Northeast Brazil received an unprecedented volume of crude oil from the sea, which became the worst environmental disaster ever to reach the Brazilian coast. The oil, having reached the shores completely unnoticed, left both society and government agents completely clueless on (i) where the oil was coming from; (ii) how much oil was still in the ocean to reach the shorelines; and (iii) which beaches were going to be affected next! By exploring remote sensing data and ocean numerical modeling, along with oil dispersion chemistry on sea water, this study investigates the possible origin and path of the spill and whether it could have been detected from space. The oil dispersion modeling simulations performed for this investigation revealed a possible region and timing of the oil spill, also indicating the likelihood of it being advected toward the shoreline under the ocean surface.

We sought to compare the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with lung cancer and confirmed COVID-19 infection to those with negative RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 results. We included patients with confirmed lung cancer and suspected COVID-19 who presented to the emergency department. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcomes included admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or mechanical ventilation. We analyzed the characteristics according to RT-PCR results and primary outcome. We constructed a logistic regression for each RT-PCR result group to find potential predictors of the primary outcome. Among 110 individuals with confirmed lung cancer (65±9 years, 51% male), 38 patients had positive RT-PCR and 72 patients had negative RT-PCR. There was no difference between groups for any clinical characteristic or comorbidities though individuals with confirmed COVID-19 had higher functionality in the ECOG scale. Leucocytes and lymphocytes were lower in individuals with positive tests. The primary outcome occurred in 58 (53%) individuals, 37 (34%) were admitted to the ICU, and 29 (26%) required mechanical ventilation. Although mortality was similar between the two groups, individuals with confirmed COVID-19 were significantly more likely to be admitted to the ICU or receive mechanical ventilation. Only lower lymphocytes and higher CRP were significantly associated with higher mortality. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in lung cancer is not sufficient to identify higher or lower probability groups among symptomatic individuals, the overall mortality is high irrespective of RT-PCR results, and lymphopenia on admission was associated with the diagnosis and prognosis for COVID-19.

Pesquisas em ensino de física indicam que o processo de limite é um obstáculo no entendimento do conceito de velocidade instantânea por estudantes em cursos introdutórios de física. Autores medievais, contudo, conseguiram definir o conceito sem uso aparente do processo de limite. Galileu Galilei explorou as ideias medievais para estabelecer as leis da queda dos corpos. Seus métodos inspiram uma alternativa de ensino do conceito de velocidade instantânea.

Researches in physics education indicate that the limit process is an obstacle in understanding the concept of instantaneous speed by students in introductory courses of physics. Medieval authors, however, defined the concept without apparent use of a process of limit. Galileo Galilei explored the medieval ideas to state laws of motion for falling bodies. His methods inspire an alternative way to teach the concept of instantaneous speed.

SUMMARY: Intermittent fasting and concurrent training have been performed frequently to decrease body mass. The aim was to analyze the effects of concurrent training (CT) and intermittent fasting (IF) on cardiac remodeling. In total, 39 adult male Wistar rats were used, divided into four groups: control (C [n = 12]), fasting control (FC [n = 11]), training (T [n = 8]) and fasting training (FT [n = 8]). The CT protocol was composed of 12 sessions, with 30 minutes of aerobic training (AT) in the liquid medium at an intensity of 80 % of the anaerobic threshold, followed by resistance training (RT) with 4 series of 10 aquatic jumps at an corresponding to 50 % of body weight. The IF period was established at 12/12 hours, starting at 9 p.m. and ending at 9 a.m. Echocardiographic analyzes were performed before and after the intervention and, at the end of the experiment, samples of the cardiac tissue were collected to perform the histological analyses. Data analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk tests, Analysis of Variance - ANOVA with Tukey's post-test, and Kruskal- Wallis with Dunn's post-test. All procedures assumed an error of 5 % (p<0.05). Neither group showed alterations in the functional (min. p= 0.12 - max. p= 0.83) and structural parameters of the heart (min. p=0.31 - max. p=0.83). A decrease was observed in the area of cardiomyocytes in the T (p=0.001) and FT groups (p=0.001). The CT and IF did not alter the functional and structural parameters of the heart, but did cause a decrease in the area of the cardiomyocytes.

RESUMEN: El ayuno intermitente y el entrenamiento concurrente se han realizado frecuentemente para disminuir la masa corporal. El objetivo fue analizar los efectos del entrenamiento concurrente (EC) y el ayuno intermitente (AI) sobre el remodelado cardíaco. En total, se utilizaron 39 ratas Wistar macho adultas, divididas en cuatro grupos: control (C [n = 12]), control en ayunas (AC [n = 11]), entrenamiento (E [n = 8]) y ayuno, entrenamiento [n = 8]). El protocolo de EC estuvo compuesto de 12 sesiones, con 30 minutos de entrenamiento aeróbico (EA) en el medio líquido a una intensidad del 80 % del umbral anaeróbico, seguido de entrenamiento de resistencia (ER) con 4 series de 10 saltos acuáticos correspondiente al 50 % del peso corporal. El período de AI se estableció a las 12/12 horas, a partir de las 21:00 horas. finalizando a las 9 a.m. Se realizaron análisis ecocardiográficos antes y después de la intervención y, al finalizar el experimento, se reco- lectaron muestras del tejido cardíaco para realizar los análisis histológicos. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante las pruebas de Shapiro-Wilk, Análisis de Varianza - ANOVA con pos test de Tukey y Kruskal-Wallis con postest de Dunn. Todos los procedimientos asumieron un error del 5 % (p <0,05). No se observaron alteraciones funcionales de los grupos (mín. P = 0,12 - máx. P = 0,83) y estructurales del corazón (mín. P = 0,31 - máx. P = 0,83). Se observó una disminución en el área de cardiomiocitos en los grupos E (p = 0,001) y EA (p = 0,001). La EC y la AI no alteraron los parámetros funcionales y estructurales del corazón, pero sí provocaron una disminución del área de los cardiomiocitos.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a dissimilaridade fenotípica de amostras populacionais de três linhagens de éguas Crioulas, uruguaia (La Invernada), argentina (Cardal) e chilena, para caracteres morfológicos, apontando as características de maior variância intra e entre as diferentes linhagens que são passíveis de seleção. Foram avaliadas 22 características morfológicas de 113 éguas da linhagem uruguaia “La Invernada”, 38 argentinas “Cardal” e 73 chilenas puras, totalizando 224 éguas de cria pertencentes à raça Crioula. Para determinação das variáveis lineares e de perímetro, foi utilizada fita métrica, prumo, paquímetro e hipômetro. Verificou-se variabilidade nas características morfológicas entre as três linhagens (P<0,05), incluindo as características lineares altura, perímetro de tórax e perímetro de canela (P<0,01), consideradas de caráter impositivo para fins de registro. Maior variação fenotípica foi observada nas éguas da linhagem chilena em relação aos outros dois grupos genéticos (P<0,01). As características morfológicas altura garupa, perímetro rostral pescoço, comprimento metatarso, largura garupa, profundidade do tórax, comprimento dorsal pescoço e comprimento do corpo foram passíveis de seleção entre as éguas Crioulas pertencentes às linhagens argentina (Cardal), uruguaia (La Invernada) e chilena. Em conclusão, não há homogeneidade entre as linhagens estudadas, o que identifica a diversidade entre as linhagens de éguas Crioulas estudadas.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to analyze the phenotypic dissimilarity of morphological characteristics of three strains of Criollo mares, Uruguian (La Invernada), Argentine (Cardal), and Chilena, pointing to the characteristics of higher variance within and among the different strains that are selectable. We evaluated 22 morphological characteristics of 113 mares of the Uruguaian line, 38 Argentines and 73 pure Chilean, totaling 224 breeding mares belonging to the criollo breed. For the determination of the linear and perimeter variables, a metric tape, plumb, pachymeter and hypometer were used. There was variability in the morphological characteristics between the three strains (P<0.05), including the linear characteristics of height, chest circumference and perimeter of cinnamon (P<0.01), considered as taxation for registration purposes. Higher phenotypic variation was observed in the mares of the Chilean line in relation to the other two genetic groups (P<0.01). The morphological characteristics of height croup, rostral perimeter neck, metatarsal length, croup width, chest depth, dorsal neck length, and body length were the selectable characteristics among the breeding mares belonging to the Argentine (Cardal), Uruguaian (La Invernada) and Chilena strains. In conclusion, there is no homogeneity between the studied strains, which identifies the diversity among the lines of Criollo mares studied.

RESUMO O presente estudo avaliou o perfil mineral de Cálcio (Ca), Cobre (Cu) e Zinco (Zn) no estojo córneo pré e pós-desmame e sua associação com pigmentação, gênero e idade de potros da raça Crioula criados em pastagens nativas no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas amostras do casco de potros da raça Crioula 41 dias pré e 28 dias pós-desmame. Os teores de Ca, Cu e Zn variaram no casco fetal (571,0±39,4; 14,5±7,6 e 130,0±30,5mg/kg, respectivamente; P<0,05) e no definitivo (653,0±169,2; 33,8±11,5 e 69,3±36,8mg/kg, respectivamente; P<0,05), no pré (620,0±184; 17,2±21,2 e 103,0±75,5mg/kg, respectivamente; P<0,05) e no pós-desmame (517,5±181; 0 e 79,0±41,7mg/kg, respectivamente; P<0,05). Houve associação positiva (P<0,05) com a faixa etária no pré-desmame para Ca (r=0,5) e Cu (r=0,57), e negativa para Zn (r=-0,69; P<0,05). No pós-desmame, houve associação positiva (P<0,05) para Ca (r=0,36) e Zn (r=0,64) e negativa para Cu (r=-0,39; P<0,05). Tanto a pigmentação quanto o gênero não afetaram o perfil mineral. Conclui-se que há diferenças nas concentrações de Ca, Cu e Zn na epiderme do casco de potros da raça Crioula no pré e pós-desmame, independentemente da pigmentação e do gênero, onde as concentrações de Ca e Cu aumentam com a idade, enquanto as de Zn diminuem.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral profile of Ca, Cu and Zn in the hoof horny capsule at pre and post-weaning and its association with pigmentation, gender and age range of Crioulo foals raised in native pastures in RS. Samples were collected from the epidermis of the Crioulo foal's hoof at two times, 41 pre and 28 post-weaning. The contents of Ca, Cu, Zn Varied in the fetal hoof ( 571.0±139.4, 14.5±7.6 and 130.0±30.5mg/kg, respectively, P<0.05) and definitive (653.0±169.2, 33.8±11.5 and 69.3±36.8mg/kg, respectively, P<0.05), in the pre (620.0±184, 17.2±21.2 and103.0±75.5mg/kg, respectively, P<0.05) and post-weaning (517.5±181, 0.1 and 79.0±41.7mg/kg, respectively, P<0.05).There was a positive association (P<0.05) with a preweaning age for Ca (r=0.5) and Cu (r=0.57) and negative for Zn (r=-0.69, P<0.05). In the post weaning there was a positive association (P<0.05) for Ca (r=0.36) and Zn (r=0.64) and negative for Cu (r=-0.39; P<0.05). Neither pigmentation nor gender affected the mineral profile. It is concluded that there are differences in Ca, Cu, Zn concentrations in the epidermis of foals of the crioulo breed at the pre and post weaning, regardless of pigmentation and sex, where Ca and Cu concentrations increase with age, while Zn concentrations decrease.