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au:Silva, Marcelo S. da

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MICROCLIMATE AND IRRIGATION AFFECT THE GROWTH DYNAMICS OF SUGARCANE IN A SEMIARID ENVIRONMENT
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Carvalho, Herica F. de S.

; Silva, Thieres G. F. da

; Santos, Cloves V. B. dos

; Silva, Marcelo J. da

; Leitão, Mario de M. V. B. R.

; Moura, Magna S. B. de

Engenharia Agrícola

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dec 2023, Volume 43 N. 6 elocation e20230145

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess how microclimate variables and irrigation affect the growth of sugarcane. The experiment was conducted using the VAT90-212 cultivar in the Semi-arid region of Brazil. The microclimate was monitored and by quantifying the irrigation depth. Nine campaigns were carried out in the field to collect morphological and biomass data. The data were subjected to descriptive statistics, so as to generate the mean values and/or sum between the campaigns. Using the correlation coefficient, the extent, sign and significance of the relationship between the response and explanatory variables were evaluated. The direct or indirect effects of the explanatory variables on the response variables were identified by path analysis. There was a significant correlation between microclimate variables and the morphological and biomass variables of the sugarcane, with a strong contribution from the intercepted fraction of the photosynthetically active radiation, the wind speed and soil temperature. The negative correlation with irrigation suggests that excess water impaired the growth dynamics of the crop. It is concluded that the growth of sugarcane is closely related to its capacity to intercept radiation, to the wind, thermal regime of the soil and irrigation management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v43n6e20230145/2023

Morphometry and yield of ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear under irrigation and different planting densities
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Fonseca, Varley A.

; Donato, Sérgio L. R.

; Santos, Marcelo R. dos

; Silva, João A. da

; Oliveira, Carlos M.

; Batista, Renato da S.

Revista Caatinga

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sep 2023, Volume 36 N. 3 Pages 690 - 701

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Growing forage cactus pear in semi-arid regions is an alternative when facing current climate changes, and improving its cropping systems is critical to increasing its yields. The objective was to evaluate morphometric characteristics and yield of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under complementary irrigation with saline water and different planting densities. The research was carried out in the semiarid region of Bahia during the period from September 2017 to October 2019. A randomized block design was used with treatments arranged in split-split plots. Two irrigation intervals (7 and 14 days) were assigned to plots, four planting densities (20,000; 40,000; 60,000 and 80,000 plants per hectare) to subplots, and four irrigation levels (0, 11, 22 and 33% of ETo) to sub-subplots. High-salinity water (2.91 dS m-1), classified as C4S1, did not limit the growth and yield of ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear for two crop cycles. Fresh matter and dry matter yields, fresh matter-based water use efficiency and dry matter-based water use efficiency were highest at planting densities of 61,465 and 67,786 plants ha-1, and 61,848 and 69,707 plants ha-1, respectively. The use of 33% ETo irrigation level increased morphometric characteristics, fresh matter yield in the first and second cycles, and dry matter yield in the first cycle. Applying increasing irrigation levels promotes reductions in fresh matterand dry matter-based water use efficiency.

RESUMO O cultivo de palma forrageira no semiárido é uma opção consciente frente às mudanças climáticas atuais, e a melhoria do seu sistema produtivo é fundamental para aumentar seu rendimento. Objetivou-se avaliar as características morfométricas e de rendimento de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ sob irrigação complementar com água salina e diferentes densidades de plantio. A pesquisa foi realizada no semiárido baiano durante o período de setembro de 2017 a outubro de 2019. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo alocados nas parcelas dois turnos de rega (7 e 14 dias), nas subparcelas quatro densidades de plantio (20.000; 40.000; 60.000 e 80.000 plantas ha-1) e nas subsubparcelas quatro lâminas de irrigação (0, 11, 22 e 33% da ETo). A alta salinidade da água de irrigação (2,91 dS m-1), classificada como C4S1, não limitou o crescimento e a produtividade de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’, até o segundo ciclo de produção. As máximas produtividades de matéria verde e seca e de eficiência de uso da água com base nestas produtividades são obtidas com densidades de plantio de 61.465 e 67.786 plantas ha-1, e 61.848 e 69.707 plantas ha-1, respectivamente. A aplicação da lâmina com 33% da ETo promoveu incremento nas características morfométricas, aumento da produtividade de matéria verde no primeiro e segundo ciclo e da produtividade de matéria seca no primeiro ciclo. A aplicação de lâminas crescentes de irrigação promove redução da eficiência de uso da água com base nas produtividades de matéria verde e de matéria seca.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n321rc

Ribosomal, mitochondrial and bacterial (Wolbachia) reference sequences for Dipetalonema gracile obtained from a wild pied tamarin (Saguinus bicolor) host in Manaus, Brazil
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COSTA, Carlos Henrique Aguiar

; CRAINEY, James Lee

; VICENTE, Ana Carolina Paulo

; CONGA, David Fernandez

; GORDO, Marcelo

; LUZ, Sérgio Luiz Bessa

; DIAS, Cindy Alves

; SILVA, Túllio Romão Ribeiro da

; FERREIRA, Caroline Coelho

; NAVA, Alessandra Ferreira Dales

Acta Amazonica

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jun 2023, Volume 53 N. 2 Pages 130 - 140

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The primates that inhabit the rainforest surrounding the city of Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil) have long been recognised as potentially important reservoirs of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (ERIDs). PCR amplification of filarial sequences from wild-caught Simulium oyapockense has been used to incriminate potentially important Amazon-region ERID bridge vectors by showing they had previously fed on non-human primates. The broader use of filarial parasite sequences for the incrimination of biting insects as potentially important zoonotic disease vectors is limited by a paucity of primate-derived filarial parasite reference sequences which can be matched to the PCR amplified sequences obtained from insect-vector vectors. Here we have used shotgun sequencing to obtain reference data from an adult Dipetalonema gracile parasite which was found infecting a wild pied tamarin (Saguinus bicolor) in a peripheral region of Manaus. We report the parasite´s complete mitochondrial genome (which is 13,647 base pairs in length), 894,846 base pairs of its Wolbachia genome and 6,426 base pairs of its ribosomal DNA locus (spanning from the start of its 18S subunit to the end of its 28S subunit). Despite being critically endangered, S. bicolor is commonly encountered around the periphery of Manaus and in urban forest fragments. The reported sequences may be a useful reference tool for identifying ERID bridge vectors and potentially provide some insights into the amount and the nature of contact between primate pathogen reservoirs and the residents of Manaus.

RESUMO Os primatas que habitam a floresta tropical ao redor da cidade de Manaus (Amazonas, Brasil) há muito são reconhecidos como reservatórios potencialmente importantes de doenças infecciosas emergentes e reemergentes. Sequências de DNA de parasitas filariais detectadas por PCR em amostras de Simulium oyapockense foram usadas para demonstrar que eles haviam se alimentado anteriormente de primatas não humanos e, dessa maneira, incriminar vetores-ponte da região amazônica. O uso mais amplo de detecção de parasitas filariais para a incriminação de vetores-ponte é limitado por uma escassez de sequências referência de parasitas filarias obtidas de hospedeiros. Aqui nós usamos o sequenciamento tipo shotgun para obter dados de referência de um parasita adulto Dipetalonema gracile encontrado infectando um sauim-de-coleira, Saguinus bicolor no entorno de Manaus. Relatamos o genoma mitocondrial completo do parasita (que tem 13.647 pares de bases de comprimento), 894.846 pares de bases de seu genoma de Wolbachia e 6.426 pares de bases de seu locus de DNA ribossômico (desde o início de sua subunidade 18S até o final de sua subunidade 28S). Apesar de criticamente ameaçado, S. bicolor é comumente encontrado no entorno de Manaus e em fragmentos florestais urbanos. As sequências relatadas podem ser uma ferramenta de referência útil para identificar vetores ponte e potencialmente fornecer algumas informações sobre o contato entre reservatórios de patógenos de primatas e os moradores de Manaus.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202201741

Epidemiology of hydrocephalus in Brazil
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Dutra, Maurício

; da Silva, Stephanya Covas

; Beggiora, Pâmella da S.

; Santos, Marcelo V.

; Machado, Hélio R.

; Lopes, Luiza da S.

Jornal de Pediatria

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jun 2023, Volume 99 N. 3 Pages 228 - 234

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective Describe the epidemiological profile and social-economic burden that hydrocephalus patients represent to the national public health system, using data available at the online database of the Brazilian Health Ministry (DataSUS). Methods This is a populational study based on descriptive statistics of all clinical and surgical appointments included in the DataSUS database. Data included herein were collected between 2015 and 2021 and subdivided into three main groups, related to hydrocephalus incidence and mortality, hospitalizations, and financial costs. Results In the study period, 3993 new cases of congenital hydrocephalus were diagnosed, with 6051 deaths overall. The mortality rate in the country was 1.5/100000 live births and the prevalence was 0.374/100000 inhabitants. The number of hospitalizations resulting from treatment procedures and complications of hydrocephalus was 137,880 and there was a reduction of up to 27.2% during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemics concerning previous years. Total costs for hydrocephalus management in the country amounted to 140,610,585.51 dollars. Conclusions Hydrocephalus has a significant impact on public health budgets and pediatric mortality rates; however, it is probably underestimated, due to the paucity of demographic data and epidemiological studies in Latin America and, specifically, in Brazil. The dataSUS also has several limitations in accessing certain data related to hydrocephalus, making it difficult to have a more assertive understanding of the disease in Brazil. The results of this study provide important guidance for future research projects in clinical and experimental hydrocephalus and also the creation of public policies for better governance and care of hydrocephalus patients.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2022.10.008

Fruit production and quality of ‘Paluma’ guava with nematode-tolerant rootstock irrigated in the semi-arid region
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Simões, Welson L.

; Andrade, Victor P. M. de

; Silva, Jucicléia S. da

; Santos, Carlos A. F.

; Sousa, José S. C. de

; Calgaro, Marcelo

; Barbosa, Kaio V. F.

; Nascimento, Bruno R. do

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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may 2023, Volume 27 N. 5 Pages 400 - 406

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Using nematode-resistant and/or -tolerant rootstock is a strategy that has maintained guava cultivation feasible in the irrigated perimeters of the Brazilian semi-arid region. The objective was to evaluate the production, gas exchange, and fruit quality of ‘Paluma’ guava with and without nematode-tolerant rootstock under different irrigation depths and production periods. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in the mixed 2 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to two forms of cultivation of ‘Paluma’ guava (without and with nematode-tolerant rootstock), four irrigation depths (60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc), and two production periods, with four replicates. Guava plants were evaluated for physiological, production and post-harvest quality parameters. Gas exchange in ‘Paluma’ guava leaves was higher in the second production cycle, under irrigation depths above 100% ETc, not differing with the use of the rootstock. The use of the rootstock ‘BRS Guaraçá’ promotes a greater number of fruits and production with the increase of the irrigation depth, mainly in the second half of the year, with the increase of soluble solids and titratable acidity in the fruits.

RESUMO A utilização de porta enxerto resistente e ou tolerante a nematoides é uma estratégia que tem tornado viável a manutenção dos cultivos de goiabeira nos perímetros irrigados do semiárido brasileiro. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a produção, trocas gasosas e qualidade dos frutos da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ com e sem o porta enxerto tolerante a nematoide sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação e épocas de produção no Semiárido Brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial misto 2 × 4 × 2, sendo duas formas de cultivo da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ (sem e com o porta enxerto tolerante a nematoide), quatro lâminas de irrigação (60, 80, 100 e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc) e duas épocas de produção, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações fisiológicas das plantas, produção e qualidade pós-colheita. As trocas gasosas nas folhas da goiabeira ‘Paluma’ foram maiores no segundo ciclo de produção, quando irrigada com lâminas de irrigação acima de 100% da ETc, não diferindo com o uso do porta enxerto. O uso do porta-enxerto ‘BRS Guaraçá’ proporciona um maior número de frutos e produção com o aumento da lâmina de irrigação, principalmente no segundo semestre do ano, bem como o aumento do teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez nos frutos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n5p400-406

Virtual Screening Based on Ligand and Structure with in vitro Assessment of Neolignans against Trypanosoma cruzi
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Maia, Mayara S.

; Andrade, Rodrigo S.

; Sousa, Julyanne M. S.

; Sousa, Natália F.

; Rodrigues, Gabriela C. S.

; Menezes, Renata P. B.

; Silva, Marcelo S.

; Tavares, Josean F.

; Rodrigues, Klinger A. F.

; Scotti, Luciana

; Scotti, Marcus T.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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mar 2023, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 346 - 365

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, occurs most commonly in Latin America. As the treatment is highly toxic and ineffective in the chronic phase of the disease, alternative treatments are needed. Through quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling (QSAR) analysis using ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening methods, we predicted the trypanocidal potential of 47 neolignans against three targets, the enzymes cruzain, trypanothione reductase, and sterol 14-alpha demethylase. A combined analysis allowed for the selection of potent inhibitors against Trypanosoma cruzi. Of these compounds, two were isolated and shown to inhibit the growth of epimastigotes at concentrations of 9.64 and 8.72 µM, and trypomastigote forms at 4.88 and 2.73 µM. Therefore, the compounds (2R, 3R)-2,3-dihydro-2 (4 methoxyphenyl)-3-methyl-5-(E)-propenylbenzofuran (46) and ottomentosa (47) may be a good option of growth inhibitors for the parasite stages and warrant additional study.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220113

Carbon Dots from Pilosocereus gounellei for Fluorimetric Determination of Tannin in Tea Using a Flow-Batch System
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Silva, Kelly D.

; Andrade, Stéfani I. E.

; Lima, Marcelo B.

; Monte-Filho, Severino S.

; Araújo, Mário C. U.

; Lima, Ricardo A. C.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jan 2023, Volume 34 N. 1 Pages 103 - 111

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this study, xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei) native endemic cactus from the Brazilian semiarid was used for the first time as a natural carbon source (“green precursor”) for the synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots (CDs). These CDs were successfully used to develop a fast, low-cost, eco-friendly fluorescence method for the determination of tannins in teas. This method was automatized employing a flow-batch system coupled to an inexpensive ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) used as an excitation source and a cheap handheld spectrometer used as a detector. CDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The proposed method presented a linear range from 2.0-30.0 mg L-1, relative standard deviation (RSD) < 3.0%, limit of detection (LOD) = 0.102 mg L-1, and recovery rates from 90.5-109.1%. A paired t-test at a 95% confidence level indicated no statistically significant difference between the proposed and reference methods, revealing that it is a useful alternative for the determination of tannins.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220092

Oceanographic conditions of the continental slope and deep waters in Santos Basin: the SANSED cruise (winter 2019)
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Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Bernardo, Piero S.

; Lazaneo, Cauê Z.

; Amorim, João P. M.

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Martins, Rafael C.

; Santos, Daniel M. C.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Guerra, Luiz A. A.

; Moreira, Daniel L.

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23008

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This work describes the circulation over the continental slope and the São Paulo Plateau in the Santos Basin during the SANSED winter 2019 survey. The cruise consisted of four legs in the period between June, 11 and August, 03 2019. The observed circulation is dominated by the Atlantic southwestern boundary current regime and remotely-generated anticyclones and cyclones. The former is composed by the Brazil Current, the Intermediate Western Boundary Current and their mesoscale meanders; the latter are 300km vortical rings with origin in the eastern side of the South Atlantic Basin. A Lagrangian scheme applied over satellite altimeter maps indicate that the origin of these rings is primarily the Cape Basin of South Africa. The interaction between the boundary currents, their cyclonic meanders, and the anticyclonic rings is complex, and varies widely. During the SANSED winter 2019 survey period, three anticyclones interacted with the Brazil Current, instabilizing it, forming dipoles with the current cyclonic meanders, leading to their downstream propagation. Ancienter cyclonic eddies within Santos Basin may interfere with the propagation of the large anticyclones further south. In addition, the continuous arrival of remotely-originated anticyclones, the larger portion over the São Paulo Plateau presented a tendency of counter-clockwise circulation during the whole cruise period.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.2206icas

Microencapsulated herbal components in the diet of Lacaune ewes: impacts on physiology and milk production and quality
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CUNHA, MARILY G. DA

; ALBA, DAVI FERNANDO

; LEAL, KAROLINE W.

; MARCON, HIAM

; MILARCH, CARINE F.

; BALDISSERA, MATHEUS D.

; KAVALEK, RENATA L.

; KEMPKA, ANIELA P.

; VEDOVATTO, MARCELO

; SILVA, ALEKSANDRO S. DA

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 2 elocation e20201805

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study aimed to determine whether the addition of a microencapsulated herbal blend (MHB) based on thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde in dairy sheep feed would improve production efficiency, milk quality, and animal health. Thirty lactating Lacaune ewes were divided into three groups: Control (T0), 150 mg blend/kg of feed (T150), and 250 mg blend/kg of feed (T250). Milk was measured before the beginning of the experiment (d 0), at the end of the adaptation period (d 15), and during the experiment (d 20). In milk samples, was measured the composition, somatic cell count (SCC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipoperoxidation (LPO), and total antioxidant capacity. The MHB improved the milk production (only T150 vs. T0 sheep on d 20), productive efficiency and feed efficiency, and reduced the milk SCC (only T250 vs. T0 sheep, on d 20), ROS and tended to reduce the milk levels of LPO (only T250 vs. T0 sheep on d 20). Also, MHB reduced the blood levels of neutrophils and ROS (only T250 vs. T0 sheep on d 20) and increased total protein and globulin levels. Thus, a microencapsulated blend of thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde improved the productive performance and milk quality of sheep.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320201805

10.

Diffuse Reflectance FTIR of Latent Fingerprints and Discriminant Analysis for Sex Identification in Humans
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Souza, Marco Antonio de

; Santos, Alexandre S.

; Silva, Sebastião William da

; Braga, Jez Willian B.

; Sousa, Marcelo Henrique

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 N. 6 Pages 819 - 825

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Latent fingerprint is an important crime scene evidence, but it is not always recoverable or technically suitable for analysis with fingerprint patterns. Forensic science has shown that other information can be explored from traces using chemical compounds. Infrared spectroscopy is a nondestructive technique that is widely applied to a variety of forensic evidence. In this work, infrared spectroscopy and partial least square discriminant analysis were used to determine the human sex based on latent fingermark analysis. Fingerprint samples were taken from 42 male and female donors, then kept in either dark or light storage conditions, and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were measured considering a period of up to 30 days from collection. The regions from 3000 to 2800 cm-1 and 1790 to 1150 cm-1 presented the greatest differences in the peak intensities among the two sex groups. The results showed a correct discrimination rate higher than 80%.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20220150

11.

First microscopic and molecular parasitological survey of Strongylus vulgaris in Brazilian ponies
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Martins, André Vianna

; Coelho, Aline de Lima

; Corrêa, Laís Lisboa

; Ribeiro, Mariana Santos

; Lobão, Lucas Fernandes

; Palmer, João Pedro Siqueira

; Moura, Lucas Cavalcante de

; Molento, Marcelo Beltrão

; Barbosa, Alynne da Silva

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2023, Volume 32 N. 3 elocation e006323

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The frequency of gastrointestinal parasites with an emphasis on Strongylus vulgaris was investigated among the Brazilian Pony breed kept on farms in the municipality of Teresópolis, state of Rio de Janeiro. Fecal samples were collected in three stud farms: A (n= 22 animals), B (n= 3), and C (n= 2). Fecal samples were subjected to the quantitative Mini-FLOTAC technique, using three different solutions, and to qualitative techniques. The parasite prevalence was found to be 81.4%. Eggs from strongylids were identified in 74% of the ponies. Eggs of Parascaris spp. were detected in 22.7% of the animals, which were all females of farm A. At this locality, mares were kept with their foals in fenced paddocks all the time. The NaCl solution of d = 1.200 g/ml was generally the one that presented the highest frequency of diagnosis of nematode eggs and the highest mean of fecal eggs per gram. The fecal samples were also subjected to the polymerase chain reaction for amplification of DNA from the ITS2 region for Strongylus vulgaris. Twelve samples presented nucleotide sequences for S. vulgaris. In the end, this study revealed the high frequency (96.3%) of S. vulgaris among ponies on farms in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Resumo A frequência de parasitos gastrointestinais, com ênfase na pesquisa de Strongylus vulgaris, foi investigada entre os Pôneis Brasileiros criados em haras na cidade de Teresópolis, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Amostras fecais foram coletadas em três haras: A (n=22 animais), B (n=3) e C (n=2). Amostras fecais foram submetidas à técnica quantitativa de Mini-FLOTAC utilizando três diferentes soluções e técnicas qualitativas. A prevalência de parasitos foi de 81,4%. Ovos de estrôngilos foram identificados em 74% dos pôneis. Ovos de Parascaris spp. foram detectados em 22,7% dos animais, sendo todos fêmeas do haras A. Nesta propriedade, as éguas eram mantidas com os pôneis em piquetes cercados durante todo o tempo. A solução de NaCl, com densidade de 1.200 g/ml, foi a que apresentou a maior frequência diagnóstica de ovos de nematoides e a maior contagem de ovos por grama de fezes. As amostras também foram submetidas à reação de polimerase em cadeia para amplificar DNA da região ITS2 de Strongylus vulgaris. Doze amostras fecais apresentaram sequências nucleotídicas de S. vulgaris. Ao final, este estudo demonstrou a alta frequência (96.3%) de S. vulgaris em pôneis mantidos em haras na cidade de Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612023036

12.

LONG-TERM TREND OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT IN 12 TROPICAL COASTAL WATERSHEDS IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL
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Noriega, Carlos

; Araujo, Moacyr

; Varona, Humberto L.

; Costa, Mauricio

; Calzada, Amilcar E.

; Medeiros, Carmen

; Silva, Andrea Xavier

; Portela, Livia P.

; Bezerra, Daniella S.

; Jeronimo, Rivaldo

; Barros, Paulo P.

; Araujo, Julia

; Rollnic, Marcelo

Química Nova

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2023, Volume 46 N. 6 Pages 616 - 626

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Multiple environmental problems are caused by the accumulation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in river water on its way to the ocean. The objective of this work was to determine the N and P loads in 12 hydrographic basins that flow into estuaries along the northeastern coast of Brazil using established methods. Additionally, natural and anthropogenic loads trends in the hydrographic basins of 12 tropical rivers in northeastern Brazil over 27 years (1990-2016) were evaluated. The results indicated an annual average increase of +1.1% in population density, while precipitation showed no significant trend. The anthropogenic loads were 21 and 112 times higher than natural inputs for N and P, respectively. Anthropogenic sources accounted for ~ 96% of all contributions. The positive trends of these loads (mainly wastewater) represented an annual average increase of 1.1% for N and 1.2% for P, for all river basins included in this study. These percentages represent average annual loads of 251 t N yr-1 and 54.8 t P yr-1. The time series of N and P in the study region showed trends that point to a constant increase, implying a greater contribution of these loads to the adjacent coastal region year after year.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20230058

13.

WATER DEMAND AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN ‘PALMER’ MANGO CULTIVATION IN THE LOW-MIDDLE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY
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Silva Junior, Francisco B. da

; Silva, Marcelo J. da

; Carvalho, Herica F. de S.

; Santos, Cloves Vilas Boas dos

; Silva, Thieres G. F. da

; Souza, Luciana S. B. de

; Leitão, Mario de M. Vilas Boas R.

; Moura, Magna S. B. de

Engenharia Agrícola

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2023, Volume 43 N. 3 elocation e20220189

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the evapotranspiration (ETc) of the mango cv. ‘Palmer’ over two productive cycles, analyzing water-use efficiency (WUE) and crop water productivity (CWP) to propose average crop coefficient (Kc) values for improving irrigation management under cultivation conditions in the Low-Middle São Francisco Valley. The study was conducted from July 2019 to May 2021 in a commercial ‘Palmer’ mango orchard in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Micrometeorological data was collected throughout the experimental period. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was determined using Bowen ratio energy balance (BREB), and then the Kc, WUE, and CWP were determined. The highest ETc values occurred during the floral induction phase (5.14 ± 0.85 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.85; however, the lowest values were observed during the fruit maturation phase (3.60 ± 0.73 mm day-1), with a Kc of 0.91. Average water consumption per cycle was 1445 mm, with a daily average of 4.39 mm day-1. WUE and CWP were 16.9 and 24.5 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively. Average Kc values of 0.81, 0.76, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.91 are recommended for the vegetative growth, rest period and shoot maturation, floral induction, flowering, fruit development, and fruit maturation phases, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v43n3e20220189/2023

14.

Levels of energy supplementation for heifers in Tifton 85 pasture on carcass characteristics, internal organs and meat quality
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SILVA, MARCELO A. DA

; ALVES FILHO, DARI C.

; MACHADO, DIEGO S.

; MARTINI, ANA PAULA M.

; CARDOSO, GILMAR S.

; BRONDANI, IVAN LUIZ

; COCCO, JOZIANE M.

; CATTELAM, PATRÍCIA M.M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 4 elocation e20190309

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on carcass characteristics of heifers finished on Tifton 85 pasture. Thirty-two cross-breed heifers (Charolais and Nellore) on average aged 25.51 months and weighing 298 kg were used in a completely randomized experiment. The animals were distributed uniformly to receive four different levels of concentrates based on the body weight: 0.0; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2%. Animals were slaughtered at 29 months of age. There was increasing linear effect of levels energy supplementation on: slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights,hot and cold dressing percentage, thigh thickness, carcass compactness, and L* and b* color values. It was observed quadratic effect of levels of energy supplementation on the percentage of fat in the carcass. Different levels of energy supplementation did not modify the accumulation of vital organs and visceral fat or the sensory attributes of the meat. Higher levels of energy supplementation promote increases in carcass traits of heifers when finished on Tifton 85 pasture.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320190309

15.

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

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