ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) intention and associated variables among women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: The data were collected with a questionnaire for the pregnant women (n=653), from December/2018 to November/2019. They answered the Infant Feeding Intentions (IFI) scale, translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, and a questionnaire on sociodemographic, biological, family, pregnancy, breastfeeding, health care, and habits variables. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed with a 5% significance level, following a multilevel hierarchical model that estimated the association between the dependent and independent variables. The outcome EBF intention measured by the IFI score was dichotomized by the median (<16 or =16). Results: Mean±standard deviation score for the IFI scale was 14.4±2.6 (score 0: very strong intention to not breastfeed at all; score 16: very strong EBF intention up to six months). The results from the regression analysis showed that pregnant women who had no intention to bottle feed (OR=4.33; 95%CI 2.79-6.72) or did not know (OR=1.85; 95%CI 1.21–2.82), those who planned the pregnancy (OR=1.52; 95%CI 1.09–2.12), those who believed they would have help to care for the baby (OR=3.60; 95%CI 1.51–8.56) or did not know (OR=3.97; 95%CI 1.26–12.51), and those who reported knowing the World Health Organization recommendations on breastfeeding (OR=1.73; 95%CI 1.13–2.64) were more likely to show a very strong EBF intention. Conclusions: Pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy presented a strong EBF intention. The higher EBF intention score was significantly associated with the structural, setting, and individual determinants.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a intenção materna de amamentar exclusivamente (IMA) e variáveis associadas entre as mulheres no terceiro trimestre de gravidez. Métodos: A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista e questionário semiestruturado e autoadministrado, entre dezembro/2018 e novembro/2019. As gestantes (n=653) responderam à escala Infant Feeding Intentions (IFI) testada, traduzida e adaptada para o português do Brasil e ao questionário contendo perguntas sobre variáveis sociodemográficas, biológicas e familiares, bem como relacionadas à gestação, ao aleitamento materno, à assistência à saúde e a hábitos. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, com nível de significância de 5%, para estimar a associação entre as variáveis independentes e o desfecho. A IMA, medida pela escala IFI, foi dicotomizada pela mediana (<16 ou =16). Resultados: A pontuação média±desvio padrão para a escala IFI foi de 14,4±2,6. Os resultados da análise de regressão mostraram que as gestantes que não tinham intenção de oferecer mamadeira (OR=4,33; IC95% 2,79-6,72) ou não sabiam (OR=1,85; IC95% 1,21–2,82), que planejaram a gestação (OR=1,52; IC95% 1,09–2,12), aquelas que acreditavam que teriam ajuda nos cuidados com o bebê (OR=3,60; IC95% 1,51–8,56) ou que não sabiam (OR=3,97; IC95% 1,26–12,51), bem como aquelas que relataram conhecer as recomendações da Organização Mundial de Saúde sobre amamentação (OR=1,73; IC95% 1.13–2.64) tinham mais chances de mostrar uma IMA muito forte. Conclusões: As gestantes no terceiro trimestre de gestação apresentaram forte IMA. A maior IMA esteve significativamente associada aos determinantes estruturais, contextuais e individuais.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence and analyze the variables associated with the use of pacifiers and/or bottles by infants up to 6 months of age. Material and Methods: Data on sociodemographic characteristics, intention to offer pacifier and bottle-feeding, pregnancy and breastfeeding (BF) variables were collected at baseline by interviews and a self-administered questionnaire among pregnant women in the 3rd trimester. After delivery, mother-baby binomials were followed by phone calls at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months of the baby's life (n=467) to gather information on the type of delivery, baby’s gender, BF in the first hour of the newborn’s life, baby’s weight, mother’s return to work, and oral habits. Association analyses were performed using logistic regression models with a 5% significance level with the pacifier/bottle-feeding use as the outcome. Results: Most mothers (52.5%) reported their babies used bottle-feeding, 48.2% used pacifiers and 33.4% used both of them throughout the 6 months. Intention to offer pacifier and bottle-feeding was reported by 45.0% and 54.8% of the mothers at the 3rd trimester of the pregnancy, respectively. Not living in one’s own residence (OR=1.53; 95%CI: 1.05-2.24) and having the prenatal intention of offering a pacifier (OR=2.50; 95%CI: 1.63-3.83) to the baby were significantly associated with pacifier use. Variables significantly associated with bottle-feeding were mother’s return to work (OR=2.48; 95%CI: 1.54-3.97), baby’s lower birth weight (OR=1.58; IC95%: 1.07-2.33), and prenatal intention to offer bottle-feeding (OR=2.51; 95%CI 1.56-4.04). Conclusion: About half of the babies used pacifiers or were bottle-fed, which were associated with the mother’s prenatal intention to offer them to their babies and socioeconomic factors.

Abstract This study aimed to verify whether the inclusion of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs-ô3) in the diet of Astyanax lacustris males improves seminal quality. Four hundred fish were arranged in 20 boxes of 180 L in the recirculation system. These were fed with isoprotein diets (32% CP), until apparent satiation, with four levels of marine fish oil rich in PUFAs-ô3 inclusion (In% = 0, 3, 6, and 9), for 105 days. After, males were hormonally induced to spermiation, and semen was collected after 226 ATUs. Parameters evaluated were osmolality, seminal volume and color, spermatic concentration, sperm morphology, membrane integrity and, sperm motility (total and progressive motility, velocity curvilinear, straight line and average path, linearity and rectilinearity coefficients, trajectory oscillation, head lateral displacement amplitude, and cross-beat frequency). Seminal volume was greater in the In-0 and In-3 groups. Inclusion of PUFAs-ô3 positively influenced the kinetic parameters, as treatment with 6% and 9% of inclusion fish oil resulted in higher values for most of these parameters and did not differ statistically from each other. Thus, it is concluded that the addition of PUFAs-ô3 to the feed of breeders significantly improved the seminal quality of A. lacustris males.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se a inclusão de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados ômega-3 (PUFAs-ô3) na dieta de machos de Astyanax lacustris melhora a qualidade seminal. Quatrocentos peixes foram dispostos em 20 caixas de 180 L no sistema de recirculação. Estes foram alimentados com dietas isoproteicas (32% PB) até aparente saciedade, com quatro níveis de óleo de peixe marinho rico em inclusão de PUFAs-ô3 (In% = 0, 3, 6 e 9), durante 105 dias. Após, os machos foram induzidos hormonalmente à espermiação e o sêmen foi coletado após 226 UTAs. Os parâmetros avaliados foram osmolalidade volume e cor seminal concentração espermática morfologia espermática integridade de membrana e motilidade espermática (motilidade total e progressiva velocidade curvilínea linha reta e trajeto médio coeficientes de linearidade e retilinearidade, oscilação da trajetória, amplitude de deslocamento lateral da cabeça e frequência de batida cruzada). O volume seminal foi maior nos grupos In-0 e In-3. A inclusão de PUFAs-ô3 influenciou positivamente os parâmetros cinéticos, pois o tratamento com 6% e 9% de inclusão de óleo de peixe resultou em valores mais elevados para a maioria desses parâmetros e não diferiram estatisticamente entre si. Assim, conclui-se que a adição de PUFAs-ô3 na ração dos criadores melhorou significativamente a qualidade seminal dos machos de A. lacustris.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with malocclusions in preschool children. Material and Methods: A census, epidemiological study, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic sample, was carried out with children aged between 4 and 6 years, matriculated in preschools in the town of Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition was determined through the application of the index proposed by WHO, with the Foster and Hamilton criteria also being incorporated. The data was tabulated in duplicate in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and following correction, was analyzed using the SPSS, STATA and PAST Software. In order to identify the associated factors, we opted for Multiple Poisson regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: A total of 148 children were examined and the general prevalence of malocclusions was 69.59%, with 57.5% in the group of 4-year-old, 76.92% those aged 5 years old and 72.46% among children aged 6 years old. In terms of primary canines, 66.2% were identified as class I, 25.7% as class II and 8.1% as class III. Normal overjet was 41.2%, increased overjet 34.5%, edge to edge bite 17.6% and anterior crossbite 6.8%. The normal overbite 51.4%, reduced 20.9% and deep 8.1%. Of the individuals, 20.9% had posterior crossbite. In the Poisson regression analysis and PCA, a statistical association between the malocclusions and dental caries, duration of use of pacifiers, onychophagia and thumb sucking, was identified. Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in preschool children in the small town of Aiquara is high and the associated factors identified are capable of control and prevention.

Resumo Objetivou-se conhecer a autopercepção de saúde entre idosos comunitários no norte de Minas Gerais, identificando fatores associados à autopercepção negativa da saúde. Trata-se de estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostragem probabilística em dois estágios. Os dados foram coletados nos domicílios por equipe treinada com questionários já validados. Para identificar variáveis associadas à autopercepção negativa da saúde, foram feitas análises bivariadas, seguidas de regressão de Poisson. Participaram do estudo 686 idosos (idade média = 70,9 anos; DP = 8,08), sendo 445 (64,9%) do sexo feminino. A maioria era parda (57,1%) e com escolaridade de até 4 anos (76,3%). Sobre a autopercepção de saúde, 291 idosos (42,4%) apresentaram uma percepção positiva de sua própria saúde (Muito boa ou Boa); 302 idosos descreveram uma saúde “Regular” (44,0%) e 93 (13,5%) referiram-se à própria saúde como “Ruim” ou “Muito ruim”. As variáveis associadas com uma autopercepção negativa da saúde foram: dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde, queda no último ano, hipertensão arterial, problema cardíaco, asma/bronquite e algum grau de fragilidade. Os resultados reforçam o fato de que múltiplos fatores se mostram associados à autopercepção negativa entre os idosos, com ênfase para aqueles vinculados à morbidade.

Abstract This study aimed to obtain an understanding of the self-rated health among community-dwelling elderly people in the north of Minas Gerais, identifying factors associated with negative self-rated health. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study with two-stage random sampling. Data collection was carried out in the home of elderly people by trained staff who used questionnaires that had already been validated. To identify the variables associated with negative self-rated health, bivariate analyses were performed, followed by Poisson regression analysis. The study included 686 elderly people (average age = 70.9 years, DP = 8.08), 445 (64.9%) of whom were female. Most were mixed-race (57.1%) and had less than 4 years of schooling (76.3%). On the self-rated health, 291 elderly people (42.4%) had a positive perception of their own health (very good or good); 302 elderly people described their health as “regular” (44.0%) and 93 (13.5%) referred to their own health as “poor” or “very poor”. The variables associated with a negative self-rated health were: difficulties in accessing health services, having a fall in the last year, hypertension, heart problems, asthma/bronchitis and any degree of fragility. The results reinforce the fact that multiple factors are associated with negative self-rated health among the elderly, with an emphasis on those related to morbidity.

Resumo Objetivou-se conhecer a autopercepção de saúde entre idosos comunitários no norte de Minas Gerais, identificando fatores associados à autopercepção negativa da saúde. Trata-se de estudo transversal, de base populacional, com amostragem probabilística em dois estágios. Os dados foram coletados nos domicílios por equipe treinada com questionários já validados. Para identificar variáveis associadas à autopercepção negativa da saúde, foram feitas análises bivariadas, seguidas de regressão de Poisson. Participaram do estudo 686 idosos (idade média = 70,9 anos; DP = 8,08), sendo 445 (64,9%) do sexo feminino. A maioria era parda (57,1%) e com escolaridade de até 4 anos (76,3%). Sobre a autopercepção de saúde, 291 idosos (42,4%) apresentaram uma percepção positiva de sua própria saúde (Muito boa ou Boa); 302 idosos descreveram uma saúde “Regular” (44,0%) e 93 (13,5%) referiram-se à própria saúde como “Ruim” ou “Muito ruim”. As variáveis associadas com uma autopercepção negativa da saúde foram: dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde, queda no último ano, hipertensão arterial, problema cardíaco, asma/bronquite e algum grau de fragilidade. Os resultados reforçam o fato de que múltiplos fatores se mostram associados à autopercepção negativa entre os idosos, com ênfase para aqueles vinculados à morbidade.

Abstract This study aimed to obtain an understanding of the self-rated health among community-dwelling elderly people in the north of Minas Gerais, identifying factors associated with negative self-rated health. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study with two-stage random sampling. Data collection was carried out in the home of elderly people by trained staff who used questionnaires that had already been validated. To identify the variables associated with negative self-rated health, bivariate analyses were performed, followed by Poisson regression analysis. The study included 686 elderly people (average age = 70.9 years, DP = 8.08), 445 (64.9%) of whom were female. Most were mixed-race (57.1%) and had less than 4 years of schooling (76.3%). On the self-rated health, 291 elderly people (42.4%) had a positive perception of their own health (very good or good); 302 elderly people described their health as “regular” (44.0%) and 93 (13.5%) referred to their own health as “poor” or “very poor”. The variables associated with a negative self-rated health were: difficulties in accessing health services, having a fall in the last year, hypertension, heart problems, asthma/bronchitis and any degree of fragility. The results reinforce the fact that multiple factors are associated with negative self-rated health among the elderly, with an emphasis on those related to morbidity.