ABSTRACT The state of Pará has oil palm plantings of different ages and distinct genotypes. The understanding of which factors influence the occurrence and abundance of defoliating caterpillars in palm groves is paramount for control strategies based on integrated pest management (IPM). This study quantified the effect of oil palm age independently, and that of oil palm age and genotype, on the occurrence and abundance of defoliating caterpillars. Data were collected from 1994–2014 and consisted of counting the average number of caterpillars/leaf/parcel. For Opsiphanes invirae and Talima sp., leaf 17 was sampled; for Acharia spp., Euclea sp., Euprosterna elaeasa, Natada sp., and Automeris liberia, leaf 25 was sampled. For Oiketicus kirbyi, Antaeotricha sp., and Brassolis sophorae no specific leaf was considered. Palm trees were classified into three groups: young palm trees (0–8 years after planting), adult palm trees (9–19 years after planting), and old palm trees (over 20 years after planting). Talima sp. showed the highest population peak followed by O. invirae, Acharia spp., Elaeis elaeasa and Euclea sp. This study concludes that genotype has an impact on the infestation by defoliating caterpillars. Also, oil palms at reproductive age are more prone to higher infestation levels than young trees. While population levels of defoliating caterpillars are low in general, outbreaks are frequent. Importantly, intraspecific genotypes are more vulnerable than interspecific genotypes to infestations by defoliating caterpillars. This study contributes to the bioecological knowledge on defoliating caterpillars on oil palm and therefore provides important information to strengthen integrated pest management practices.

ABSTRACT We report for the first time field infestation under natural conditions by Anastrepha bahiensis on star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L., Oxalidaceae) in the state of Pará, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. This report reinforces the importance of field infestation studies on fruit flies in the Brazilian Amazon.

Resumo As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) são importantes pragas de mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) em várias partes do mundo. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as espécies de moscas-das-frutas associadas a pomares comerciais de mangueira em uma região semiárida do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil; relatar as espécies de importância quarentenária; discutir a influência do semiárido na distribuição das espécies; e verificar seus índices faunísticos. O estudo foi realizado no período de julho de 2011 a junho de 2014, em dez pomares comerciais de mangueira da cultivar Tommy Atkins, localizados no semiárido do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, região Nordeste do Brasil. As moscas-das-frutas foram capturadas com auxílio de armadilhas McPhail plásticaS, tendo como atrativo proteína hidrolisada de milho a 5% (Bio Anastrepha®). Coletas de frutos de manga também foram realizadas. Uma análise faunística foi realizada para caracterizar as comunidades. Oito espécies de moscas-das-frutas (Anastrepha spp. e C. capitata) foram capturadas. A espécie C. capitata apresentou a maior distribuição geográfica e foi a única que infestou frutos de manga. A análise faunística mostrou que a maioria dos pomares apresenta baixa riqueza de espécies, e C. capitata foi a mais frequente e predominante nos pomares.

Abstract Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are important mango (Mangifera indica L.) pests in several parts of the world. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to know the species of fruit flies associated with commercial mango orchards in a semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil; report the species of quarantine importance; discuss the influence of the semiarid environment on the distribution of the species and verify their faunistic indices. The study was carried out between July 2011 and June 2014 in ten commercial orchards of mango cultivar Tommy Atkins in the semiarid region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Fruit flies were captured in McPhail traps baited with 5% hydrolyzed corn protein (Bio Anastrepha®). Mangoes fruits were also collected. Faunistic analysis was performed to characterize the populations. Eight fruit fly species (Anastrepha spp. and C. capitata) were captured. The species C. capitata had the highest geographic distribution and was the only one to infest mangoes. The faunistic analysis showed that most of the orchards had low species richness and that C. capitata was the most frequent and predominant species.

As moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) são pragas-chave na cultura da goiabeira Psidium guajava L., com predominância de diferentes espécies de acordo com a região produtora no Brasil. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram conhecer a diversidade e analisar parâmetros faunísticos das moscas-das-frutas obtidas em um pomar de goiabeira, no município de Cruzeta, Rio Grande do Norte, situado no semiárido brasileiro. As moscas-das-frutas foram coletadas semanalmente, com auxílio de armadilhas McPhail, tendo como atrativo proteína hidrolisada a 5% v/v. Foram registradas cinco espécies no pomar estudado: Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) e Anastrepha dissimilis Stone. Ceratitis capitata foi a espécie mais frequente, constante e dominante, considerada como uma praga invasiva, potencial em pomares de goiabeira no semiárido brasileiro.

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are key pests of guava Psidium guajava L. crops, with different dominant species according to the Brazilian growth region The objectives of this study were to determine the fruit fly diversity and submit the results of flies captured in guava orchard from the municipality of Cruzeta, state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazilian semiarid to the faunistic analysis. Fruit flies were collected weekly with McPhail traps using protein hydrolisate at 5% v/v. Five species were recorded in the orchard: Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), Anastrepha zenildae Zucchi, Anastrepha sororcula Zucchi, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) and Anastrepha dissimilis Stone. Ceratitis capitata was the most frequent, constant, and dominant species and could be considered an invasive species with potential to become pest on guava orchards in the Brazilian semiarid.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de espécies de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) que usam frutos de mirtáceas, particularmente goiaba, como hospedeiro em várias localidades do Estado da Bahia e determinar os índices de infestação, taxa de viabilidade pupal e associações entre plantas hospedeiras, moscas-das-frutas e parasitoides. Coletas de frutos de mirtáceas foram realizadas em 24 municípios, em diferentes regiões do Estado da Bahia. Quatro espécies de moscas-das-frutas, Anastrepha fraterculus, Anastrepha zenildae, Anastrepha sororcula e Ceratitis capitata, foram obtidas dos frutos coletados. Três espécies de parasitoides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) emergiram das larvas e pupas de Anastrepha, Doryctobracon areolatus, Utetes anastrephae e Asobara anastrephae. Doryctobracon areolatus emergiu de A. fraterculus, A. sororcula e A. zenildae; Utetes anastrephae emergiu de A. fraterculus e A. zenildae; e Asobara anastrephae emergiu de A. fraterculus. Associações entre moscas-das-frutas e mirtáceas são relatadas pela primeira vez em vários municípios do Estado da Bahia. A. zenildae foi registrada infestando Syzygium malaccense pela primeira vez no Brasil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species that use myrtaceous fruit, particularly guava, as hosts in several localities in the state of Bahia and to determine the infestation rates, pupal viability rates, and fruit fly-parasitoid associations. Sampling of myrtaceous fruit was carried out in 24 municipalities in different regions in the state of Bahia. Four fruit fly species, Anastrepha fraterculus, Anastrepha zenildae, Anastrepha sororcula, and Ceratitis capitata were obtained from the collected fruit. Three parasitoid species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) emerged from Anastrepha larvae/pupae, Doryctobracon areolatus, Utetes anastrephae, and Asobara anastrephae. Doryctobracon areolatus emerged from A. fraterculus, A. sororcula and A. zenildae; Utetes anastrephae emerged from A. fraterculus and A. zenildae; and Asobara anastrephae emerged from A. fraterculus. Fruit fly and myrtaceous fruit associations are reported for the first time in several municipalities in the state of Bahia. A. zenildae was found infesting Syzygium malaccense for the first time in Brazil.