Brain glucose hypometabolism and neuroinflammation are early pathogenic manifestations in neurological disorders. Neuroinflammation may also disrupt leptin signaling, an adipokine that centrally regulates appetite and energy balance by acting on the hypothalamus and exerting neuroprotection in the hippocampus. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) animal model used to investigate diabetes-associated molecular mechanisms without obesity jeopardizing effects. Wistar and GK rats received the maintenance adult rodent diet. Also, an additional control group of Wistar rats received a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHS) provided by free consumption of condensed milk. All diets and water were provided ad libitum for eight weeks. Brain glucose uptake was evaluated by 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-D-glucose under basal (saline administration) or stimulated (CL316,243, a selective β3-AR agonist) conditions. The animals were fasted for 10-12 h, anesthetized, and euthanized. The brain was quickly dissected, and the hippocampal area was sectioned and stored at -80°C in different tubes for protein and RNA analyses on the same animal. GK rats exhibited attenuated brain glucose uptake compared to Wistar animals and the HFHS group under basal conditions. Also, the hippocampus of GK rats displayed upregulated leptin receptor, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression and IL-1β and the subunit of the transcription factor NF-κB (p-p65) protein expression. No significant alterations were detected in the hippocampus of HFHS rats. Our data indicated that a genetic predisposition to T2DM has significant brain deteriorating features, including brain glucose hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, and leptin signaling disruption in the hippocampal area.

Abstract Although there are reports that polyphenol resveratrol (Rsv) may cause muscle hypertrophy in basal conditions and attenuate muscle wasting in catabolic situations, its mechanism of action is still unclear. Our study evaluated the ex vivo effects of Rsv on protein metabolism and intracellular signaling in innervated (sham-operated; Sham) and 3-day sciatic denervated (Den) rat skeletal muscles. Rsv (10-4 M) reduced total proteolysis (40%) in sham muscles. Den increased total proteolysis (~40%) in muscle, which was accompanied by an increase in the activities of ubiquitin-proteasome (~3-fold) and lysosomal (100%) proteolytic systems. Rsv reduced total proteolysis (59%) in Den muscles by inhibiting the hyperactivation of ubiquitin-proteasome (50%) and lysosomal (~70%) systems. Neither Rsv nor Den altered calcium-dependent proteolysis in muscles. Mechanistically, Rsv stimulated PKA/CREB signaling in Den muscles, and PKA blockage by H89 (50μM) abolished the antiproteolytic action of the polyphenol. Rsv reduced FoxO4 phosphorylation (~60%) in both Sham and Den muscles and Akt phosphorylation (36%) in Den muscles. Rsv also caused a homeostatic effect in Den muscles by returning their protein synthesis rates to levels similar to Sham muscles. These data indicate that Rsv directly inhibits the proteolytic activity of lysosomal and ubiquitin-proteasome systems, mainly in Den muscles through, at least in part, the activation of PKA/CREB signaling.

Abstract Reintroducing apprehended wild animal in a natural environment is a complex process that involves many steps, including rehabilitating individuals and ensuring viable populations for reproduction; as such, the proportion between males and females to be reintroduced need to be considered carefully. The need of specialized techniques to identify sex on species that do not present discernible sexual dimorphisms can be a hardship to a successful reintroduction. Amazona aestiva, one of the most apprehended species on Brazil, is an example of such case, as sexing techniques employed for it often involves molecular or surgical procedures. Some authors, however, describe potential sexual dimorphisms that could be discernible to the human eye, one of those being an iris color dichromatism between males and females that could present a more conventional way to discern sex on this species. We analyzed the viability of sex identification by direct observation of iris sexual dichromatism, comparing suggestions by professionals familiarized with the species to molecular sexing by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and measuring color similarity between individuals using digital colorimetry. We found no significant correspondence between sex indication based on direct observation and molecular sexing results, and no relationship between iris color and sex by colorimetric analysis.

Objectives: To estimate the current prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the diagnosis rate of this disorder ascertained by psychiatrists in training. Methods: We interviewed 200 adults under treatment in a university mental health outpatient clinic. The PTSD diagnoses obtained using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV) were compared with the patients’ medical records. Results: Forty-one patients (20.5%) were diagnosed with current PTSD, but only one of them (2.4%) had previously received this diagnosis. This study confirms that although PTSD is highly prevalent among mental health outpatients, it is remarkably underdiagnosed in teaching hospitals. Conclusions: These findings suggest that psychiatrists in training may be failing to investigate traumatic events and their consequences and strongly indicate that trauma-related issues should be given more prominence in psychiatry curricula and psychiatrist training.

We investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion combined with a 2-wk sprint interval training (SIT) on training-induced reductions in body adiposity. Twenty physically-active men ingested either 5 mg/kg of cellulose as a placebo (PLA, n=10) or 5 mg/kg of caffeine (CAF, n=10) 60 min before each SIT session (13×30 s sprint/15 s of rest). Body mass and skinfold thickness were measured pre- and post-training. Energy expenditure was measured at rest, during exercise, and 45 min after exercise in the first SIT session. Body fat was similar between PLA and CAF groups at pre-training (P>0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in body fat after training in the CAF group (−5.9±4.2%, P<0.05) but not in PLA (1.5±8.0%, P>0.05). There was no difference in energy expenditure at rest and during exercise between PLA and CAF groups (P>0.05), but the post-exercise energy expenditure was 18.3±21.4% greater in the CAF than in the PLA group (P<0.05). In conclusion, caffeine ingestion before SIT sessions induced a body fat loss that may be associated with higher post-exercise energy expenditure.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência de plantas daninhas em arroz irrigado por inundação, em função do sistema de plantio e do manejo de herbicidas na safra anterior. O experimento foi instalado em campo, em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, com oito repetições. O fator A foi o sistema de cultivo, sendo sistema convencional, cultivo mínimo ou plantio direto, associados à aplicação (manejo tradicional) ou não (sistema semiecológico) de herbicidas (Fator B). Um ano após o cultivo do arroz, precedendo o novo plantio, foram efetuadas as avaliações fitossociológicas das comunidades infestantes. Foram avaliadas a infestação geral e a composição de espécies infestantes nos tratamentos, que foram classificadas pela sua densidade, frequência e dominância relativas de ocorrência. Foram ainda estimados os coeficientes de diversidade de Simpson e Shannon Weiner, bem como a sustentabilidade de Shannon; os tratamentos foram agrupados pela similaridade de ocorrência das espécies infestantes. Os sistemas de cultivo de arroz (tradicional ou semiecológico) promovem diferenças marcantes na ocorrência de plantas daninhas. O controle com base em herbicidas seleciona plantas companheiras específicas, mas a rotação de culturas ou coberturas de inverno não parece ser condição sine qua non para o sucesso desses sistemas, desde que o programa de manejo herbicida seja adequado. Para o sistema semiecológico, a rotação de culturas e espessa camada vegetal de cobertura de inverno, bem como sua associação com o pastejo animal, parecem essenciais para o manejo de plantas daninhas no curto, médio e longo prazos.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of weeds in flooded rice areas, as a function of planting system and herbicide programmes in the previous cropping year. The experiment was installed in field conditions, in randomized complete blocks design, arranged in factorial scheme 3 x 2, with eight replications. In factor A, treatments consisted on conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no till cropping systems, coupled to the application (traditional control) or not (semi-ecological system) of herbicides (Factor B). One year after rice cultivation, preceding the planting of the next cropping season, phytosociological evaluations of the weed communities present in the treatments were carried out. We assessed the overall infestation level and weed species composition, which were classified by their respective density, frequency and dominance abilities. We also estimated the diversity coefficients of Simpson and Shannon Weiner, and the sustainability coefficient of Shannon; treatments were also grouped by similarity in weed species composition. Rice growing systems (traditional or semi-ecological) promote remarkable differences in weed occurrence. Herbicide-based crops select specific companion weed species, but crop rotation or winter cover crops are not a sine qua non condition for success since a good herbicide programme is planned. For the Semi ecological system, crop rotation, thick winter soil mulching and association with animal presence and grazing are essential for the short, medium and long-term inhibition of weeds.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a protocol of aquatic exercises in postural control of elderly subjects with overweight and the influence of body mass and body mass index in variables of the center of pressure. Method: Each participant was positioned on the force platform, without shoes, feet apart on the same alignment of the upper limbs along the body. For the collection, the subjects were instructed to stay on in bipedal support on the force platform with eyes fixed on the bright spot for 60 s. Results: Results indicated a notable difference in the variables root mean square-mediolateral and COP area after aquatic exercise practice. However, visual condition analyzed indicates significant differences in the variables root mean square-anteroposterior and speed anteroposterior. Conclusion: Aquatic exercise had positive effects when analyzing the sensory condition suggesting maintenance of postural control. However, when analyzed post aquatic exercise in closed eyes condition and the interaction effects of visual condition did not improve postural stability. In obese elderly, body mass index resulted in a functional adaptation in control of upright stance, suggesting that the balance was preserved in the population studied.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do protocolo de exercícios aquáticos no controle postural de idosos com excesso de peso, e a influência de variáveis de massa corporal e índice de massa corporal no centro de pressão. Método: Cada participante foi posicionado sobre a plataforma de força, sem sapatos, pés alinhados, braços ao longo do corpo. Durante a coleta, os indivíduos foram orientados a permanecer sobre a plataforma de força, com os olhos fixos no ponto brilhante durante 60 segundos. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram uma diferença significativa nas variáveis: área do centro de pressão e média quadrática-mediolateral, após a prática de exercício aquático. No entanto, a análise da condição visual sugere diferenças significativas nas variáveis: média quadrática anteroposterior e velocidade anteroposterior. Conclusão: Os exercícios aquáticos tiveram efeitos positivos sobre a análise sugerido pela condição da manutenção do controle postural. No entanto, quando analisados em condição de olho fechado após o exercício aquático e os efeitos da interação da condição visual, não melhoram a estabilidade postural. Em obesos idosos, o índice de massa corporal resultou numa adaptação funcional para controlar a posição vertical, o que sugere que o equilíbrio foi mantido na população estudada.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de un protocolo de ejercicios acuáticos en el control postural de sujetos de edad avanzada con exceso de peso y la influencia de masa corporal y el índice de masa corporal en las variables del centro de presiones. Método: Cada participante se posicionó en la plataforma de fuerza sin zapatos, los pies separados con la misma alineación de las extremidades superiores a lo largo del cuerpo. Para el análisis, los sujetos fueron instruidos para permanecer en apoyo bípedo sobre la plataforma de fuerza con los ojos fijos en un punto brillante durante 60 segundos. Resultados: Los resultados indicaron una diferencia notable en las variables: Media Cuadrática-Mediolateral y el Área descrita por el desplazamiento del centro de presiones, después de la práctica de ejercicio acuático. Sin embargo, la condición visual analizada indica diferencias significativas en las variables: Media Cuadrática Anteroposterior y Velocidad Anteroposterior. Conclusión: El ejercicio acuático tuvo efectos positivos en el análisis de la condición sensorial sugiriendo el mantenimiento del control postural. Sin embargo, cuando se analizan la condición de ojo cerrado tras el ejercicio acuático y los efectos de la interacción de la condición visual no mejoró la estabilidad postural. En obesos de edad avanzada, el índice de masa corporal resultó en una adaptación funcional en el control de la postura vertical, lo que sugiere que el equilibrio se conservó en la población estudiada.

Bacterial infections occur worldwide and are a major public health problem. Among pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus is the main causative agent of bacterial diseases in the world. This study aimed to evaluate which components of the immune system could act protectively against a S. aureus infection in intradermally immunized mice. C57BL/6 and A/j mice were immunized intradermally with S. aureus inactivated by heat and then challenged with viable strains in an air pouch model. At 6, 12, and 24 h after the challenge, euthanasia was performed, and the cellular profile of the inflammatory infiltrate, cytokines, and the bacterial load were evaluated in the air pouch lavages. Immunized mice demonstrated that the intradermal immunization with S. aureus promoted protection in C57BL/6 mice by reducing the bacterial, which was correlated with increased serum concentration of IgG antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a) against S. aureus. The increase in IgG2a antibody levels was correlated with a decrease of bacterial load in intradermally immunized C57BL/6 mice, along with production of IL-17A at the inflammation site, as well as IgG1consumption. Similar results were not found in the A/j lineage. In conclusion, a vaccine against S. aureus should focus more on the individual characteristics of the host because it is a determinant factor for the success of the immunization.

O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso para avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de glicina+serina (gli+ser) total em dietas de baixa proteína bruta (PB) sobre o desempenho e características de carcaça de frangos de corte de um a 21 dias de idade. Foram utilizadas 750 aves, distribuídas em cinco tratamentos, cinco repetições e 30 aves por unidade experimental. As dietas utilizadas continham 190g/kg de PB e níveis de gli+ser de 16,7; 19,2; 21,7 e 24,2g/kg; a dieta controle continha 230g/kg de PB. Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos níveis de glicina+serina sobre o desempenho e composição de carcaça. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e os resultados obtidos com as dietas de baixos níveis proteicos com diferentes níveis de gli+ser foram comparados à dieta controle pelo teste de Dunnett. Os níveis de gli+ser apresentaram efeito linear sobre a conversão alimentar, ganho de peso e peso aos 21 dias, sendo o nível de 24,2g/kg de gli+ser com resultado semelhante à dieta controle. A redução proteica aumentou o conteúdo de extrato etéreo na carcaça.

A completely randomized experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effects of total gly+ser levels in low crude protein diets on performance and body composition of male broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Seven hundred and fifty broiler chickens were used in each one of the production phases. The birds were randomly allotted to five treatments and five replicates. The diets contained 190g/kg crude protein (CP) and total gly+ser levels of 16.7; 19.2; 21.7 and 24.2g/kg; and a control diet with 230 g/kg CP. The effect of glycine+serine levels on performance and body composition was evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the results obtained with the diets of low crude protein levels with different levels of Gly + Ser were compared to the control diet by Dunnett's test. The gly+ser levels improved the feed linearly: weight gain ratio; weight gain and final weight. The broilers fed 24.2g/kg gly+ser diet showed a performance similar to broilers fed control diets. The carcass fat increased with CP reduction.

Um cobaio foi atendido com claudicação de membro pélvico esquerdo após trauma desconhecido. Radiografias revelaram fratura completa oblíqua da diáfise do terço distal da tíbia e fíbula esquerdas. O cobaio foi tratado cirurgicamente com um pino intramedular. No dia seguinte à cirurgia, o paciente utilizava o membro confortavelmente (grau 1/5 de claudicação). Calo ósseo foi obtido 21 dias após a cirurgia, sem complicações.

A guinea pig was presented with left pelvic limb lameness after unknown trauma. Radiographs revealed complete oblique diaphyseal fracture of the distal third of the left tibia and fibula. The guinea pig was treated surgically with an intramedullary pin. The day after surgery the guinea pig was using the limb comfortably (grade 1/5 lameness). Callus formation was obtained 21 days after surgery without complications.

Hoodia gordonii is a plant species used traditionally in southern Africa to suppress appetite. Recently, it has been associated with a significant increase in blood pressure and pulse rate in women, suggesting sympathomimetic activity. The present study investigated the possible antidepressant-like effects of acute and repeated (15 days) administration of H. gordonii extract (25 and 50 mg/kg, po) to mice exposed to a forced swimming test (FST). Neurochemical analysis of brain monoamines was also carried out to determine the involvement of the monoaminergic system on these effects. Acute administration of H. gordonii decreased the immobility of mice in the FST without accompanying changes in general activity in the open-field test during acute treatment, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. The anti-immobility effect of H. gordonii was prevented by pretreatment of mice with PCPA [an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis], NAN-190 (a 5-HT1A antagonist), ritanserin (a 5-HT2A/2C antagonist), ondansetron (a 5-HT3A antagonist), prazosin (an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist), SCH23390 (a D1 receptor antagonist), yohimbine (an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist), and sulpiride (a D2 receptor antagonist). A significant increase in 5-HT levels in the striatum was detected after acute administration, while 5-HT, norepinephrine and dopamine were significantly elevated after chronic treatment. Results indicated that H. gordonii possesses antidepressant-like activity in the FST by altering the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems.

O presente trabalho relata o isolamento de Salmonella enterica em órgãos de um pombo doméstico de vida livre. No exame clínico foi observada a presença de fezes pericloacal na região ventral, caquexia, incoordenação motora e opistótono. Antes de iniciar um protocolo terapêutico, a ave foi a óbito, e, em seguida, foi realizada uma necropsia para remoção do baço, fígado, rim e intestino para exame bacteriológico e teste de sensibilidade a antibióticos. Foi isolado Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (O:4,5:i-) e Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Typhimurium do fígado e intestino, e o teste de sensibilidade demonstrou que essas cepas são sensíveis a vários antimicrobianos.

The present study reports the isolation of Salmonellaenterica in organs of free-living domestic pigeons. In the clinic examination, the presence of feces in the peri-cloacal and abdominal regions were observed, as well as symptoms such as cachexy, incoordination and opisthotonos. Before any therapeutic protocol was applied the bird died and a necropsy was then performed for the removal of spleen, liver, kidney and intestine for bacteriological examination and antibiotic sensitivity test. Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica (O:4,5:i-) and Salmonellaenterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium were isolated from the liver and intestine and the sensitivity test demonstrated that these strains are sensitive to several antibiotics.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características morfológicas como densidade numérica e espessura do pelame e comprimento dos pelos de vacas Holandesas predominantemente negras, puras por cruza em lactação na região de Montes Claros no norte de Minas Gerais. O estudo foi conduzido em duas fases, A: julho/agosto e B: outubro/novembro de 2010, utilizando 12 fêmeas Holandesas em lactação, puras por cruza de pelame predominante negro. Foram medidas as características de densidade numérica (nº pelos/cm²), espessura (mm), comprimento (mm) e a temperatura da superfície do pelame (TPE). Os resultados mostraram que o pelame foi menos denso, com pelos mais curtos na fase B, no entanto a espessura não variou entre as duas fases. No período em que ocorreu maior densidade numérica houve menor TPE. As características do pelame das vacas Holandesas puras por cruza observadas indicam uma boa adequação às condições ambientais da região em estudo.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphological characteristics such as number density, coat thickness and length of predominantly black lactating graded Holstein cows, in the region of Montes Claros in the north of Minas Gerais. The study was conducted in two phases, A: July/August and B: October/November 2010, using 12 lactating female Holstein crossbred dairy cows with predominant black coat. We measured the characteristics of numerical density (number of hair/cm²), thickness (mm) length (mm) and coat surface temperature (CST). Three samples of hair of each animal were taken at each stage through adjusted pliers. The results showed that the coat was less dense, with shorter hair in phase B, and the thickness did not change in the two phases. In the period when the coat was denser, that is, phase A, there was lower CTS. The observed coat characteristics of graded Holstein cows indicate good adaptation to environmental conditions in the region.

Estudaram-se o desempenho produtivo e a viabilidade econômica no confinamento de 24 bovinos, inteiros, com idade média de 23 meses, sendo 12 Nelore (NEL) e 12 F1 Nelore x Brahman (NBR), divididos em três dietas: SIL - silagem de milho e ração concentrada; PEL - exclusiva de pellets; GRN - milho grão inteiro e pellets. O experimento foi realizado em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2x3, com quatro repetições. Os animais NBR apresentaram resultados semelhantes aos da raça NEL quanto aos desempenhos alimentar e econômico, para todas as variáveis analisadas durante o confinamento. Entre as três dietas, a dieta PEL, apesar de não ser a de maior custo em R$/kg, obteve o menor desempenho, com maior COT/kg, menor RT e menores margens líquidas. A dieta SIL apresentou os menores COT/kg e custo/kg de carcaça, com maiores receitas e margens líquidas. A dieta GRN obteve resultados econômicos semelhantes à SIL, porém obteve menor GMD em relação à SIL, além de ter o custo de dieta (R$/kg) mais oneroso em relação aos três tratamentos. Todas as dietas foram economicamente viáveis ao final do experimento, com ML/Kg de carcaça médios de 2,12, 0,35 e 1,09 para SIL, PEL e GRN, respectivamente, no entanto a dieta SIL foi a de melhor desempenho produtivo e econômico.

The production performance and economic viability of a feedlot of 24 cattle, with an average age of 23 months, 12 Nellore (NEL) and 12 F1 Nellore x Brahman (NBR), divided into three diets: SIL - corn silage and concentrate diet; PEL - exclusive of pellets; GRN - corn and whole grain pellets were studied. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized scheme in a 2x3 factorial with four replications. The NBR animals showed similar results to the NEL in performance and economic viability for all variables analyzed. Among the diets, the PEL diet, although not the highest diet cost in R$/kg, had the lowest performance with higher TOC/kg, lower TR and lower net margins. The SIL diet had the lowest TOC/kg and cost/kg of carcass, with higher revenues and net margins. The economic results obtained for the GRN diet were similar to SIL, but had lower ADG compared to SIL and highest diet cost (R$/kg) among all. The diets were economically viable at the end of the trial, with average net margin/kg carcass of 2.12, 0.35 and 1.09 for SIL, FEP and GRN, respectively; however the SIL diet presented better productive and economical performance.

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbimortality and of burden of disease in both developed and developing countries. Therefore the appropriate management of cardiovascular risk factors (CVR) in primary and secondary prevention is highly relevant. The role of continuing medical education and continuing professional development on performance improvement has been questioned. An educational intervention addressed to primary care physicians as continuing professional development as well as to their patients with CVR was devised. Principles of therapeutic education were used. The objective was to evaluate the impact of both educational interventions on cognitive and attitudinal parameters of CVR, as well as the impact on their surrogate markers of disease progression. Subjects and methods. 30 primary care physicians from outpatient clinics in the Moscow metropolitan area were invited to the educational intervention (lectures, seminars, workshops for a total of 72 h during one month). Afterwards 600 patients with CVR attending the same clinics received education on CVR (12 sessions over 3 months). Patients were clinically evaluated on quarterly bases during one year of follow up. Results. A significant reduction in surrogate markers of CVR was observed (blood pressure, serum lipids, weight, smoking, etc.) among the patient cohort as a probable consequence of leveraged therapeutic adherence. Likewise, the knowledge and attitudes improved significantly both in physicians and their patients. Conclusions. A sequential education of physicians and their patients with CVR seems to have a favorable impact upon surrogate markers of risk. Further controlled studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.

Introducción. Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa de morbimortalidad y de carga de enfermedad global. Por ello, el manejo apropiado de sus factores de riesgo (FRCV) en la prevención primaria y secundaria del daño cardiovascular es de primordial importancia. Se ha cuestionado el papel de la educación médica continuada en mejorar el desempeño profesional. Diseñamos una intervención educativa destinada tanto a médicos de atención primaria bajo el contexto de desarrollo profesional continuo como a sus pacientes, utilizando principios de educación terapéutica en un diseño abierto no controlado. El objetivo fue evaluar su impacto en parámetros cognitivos y actitudinales, y su efecto en marcadores de riesgo. Sujetos y métodos. 30 médicos de policlínicas ambulatorias en el área metropolitana de Moscú fueron invitados a participar en un programa de actualización sobre el manejo de FRCV (72 h). Posteriormente, 600 pacientes con FRCV participaron en 12 sesiones educativas durante un periodo de tres meses. Los pacientes fueron evaluados clínicamente de forma trimestral durante 12 meses. Resultados. Se observó una reducción significativa de los FRCV (hipertensión arterial, hipercolesterolemia, peso corporal, hiperlipidemia, tabaquismo) durante el periodo de evaluación, acompañados de cambios en el estilo de vida probablemente como reflejo de una mejor adherencia al tratamiento. La evaluación cognitiva y las actitudes hacia el control de FRCV tuvieron mejores calificaciones tanto en los médicos como en sus pacientes. Conclusiones. La educación secuencial de médicos y de sus pacientes en el manejo de FRCV parece tener un impacto favorable en la evolución clínica de sus marcadores, pero se precisan estudios controlados para confirmar estos hallazgos preliminares.