Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction that causes micro- and macrovascular complications. Low intensity therapeutic ultrasound (LITUS) may improve endothelial function, but its effects have not been investigated in these patients. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of pulsed (PUT) and continuous (CUT) waveforms of LITUS on the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of T2DM patients. The present randomized crossover trial had a sample of twenty-three patients (7 men) diagnosed with T2DM, 55.6 (±9.1) years old, with a body mass index of 28.6 (±3.3) kg/m2. All patients were randomized and submitted to different waveforms (Placebo, CUT, and PUT) of LITUS and the arterial endothelial function was evaluated. The LITUS of 1 MHz was applied in pulsed (PUT: 20% duty cycle, 0.08 W/cm2 SATA), continuous (CUT: 0.4 W/cm2 SPTA), and Placebo (equipment off) types of waves during 5 min on the brachial artery. Endothelial function was evaluated using the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) technique. PUT (mean difference 2.08%, 95% confidence interval 0.65 to 3.51) and CUT (mean difference 2.32%, 95% confidence interval 0.89 to 3.74) increased the %FMD compared to Placebo. In the effect size analysis, PUT (d=0.65) and CUT (d=0.65) waveforms presented moderate effects in the %FMD compared to Placebo. The vasodilator effect was similar in the different types of waves. Pulsed and continuous waveforms of LITUS of 1 MHz improved the arterial endothelial function in T2DM patients.

RESUMO Neste estudo, objetiva-se avaliar a influência do enxerto omental livre sem microanastomose vascular (FOGWVA) na cicatrização cutânea experimental em coelhos. Por meio de celiotomia, foi coletado fragmento omental livre de 9cm2 em 36 coelhos, com posterior produção de ferida cutânea profunda linear na linha média dorsal medindo 3cm. Apenas em 18 animais, do grupo omento (GO), o fragmento omental coletado foi fixado no subcutâneo com seis pontos simples interrompidos utilizando fio poliamida 4-0. Em ambos os grupos, tratado e controle (GC), efetuou-se dermorrafia intradérmica com fio poliamida 4-0. As feridas experimentais foram avaliadas clinicamente todos os dias. Cada um dos grupos foi dividido em três subgrupos, com seis animais cada, para avaliação anatomopatológica no sétimo, 14º e 28o dias de pós-operatório. Nas feridas do GO, destacou-se aumento de volume (ativação do omento) a partir do segundo dia pós-operatório. A macroscopia evidenciou reação orgânica ao enxerto no dia sete, com redução progressiva, além de neovascularização em direção ao enxerto omental. Intensa presença de células mononucleares e deposição de colágeno no dia sete demonstraram acelerado processo de remodelamento e reparo tecidual. O FOGWVA manteve-se viável e influenciou positivamente na cicatrização cutânea de feridas experimentais em coelhos.

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the influence of free omental graft without vascular microanastomosis (FOGWVA) on experimental skin healing in rabbits. Through celiotomy, a 9cm2 free omental fragment was collected in 36 rabbits, with subsequent production of a deep linear cutaneous wound in the dorsal midline measuring 3cm. In 18 animals from the omental group (OG), the omental fragment collected was fixed subcutaneously with six simple interrupted stitches using a 4-0 polyamide thread. In both treated and control (CG) groups, intradermal dermorrhaphy was performed with 4-0 polyamide thread. Experimental wounds were clinically evaluated every day. Each of the groups was divided into three subgroups of 6 animals each for histopathological evaluation on the 7th, 14th, and 28th days of postoperative. In the OG wounds, the increase in volume (omentum activation) stood out after the second postoperative day. Macroscopy showed an organic reaction to the graft on day 7, with a progressive reduction in addition to neovascularization towards the omental graft. The intense presence of mononuclear cells and collagen deposition on day 7 demonstrated an accelerated process of tissue remodeling and repair. The FOGWVA omental graft remained viable and positively influenced the cutaneous healing of the experimental wounds in rabbits.

Abstract Currently, antimicrobial resistance has become a global public health problem, which has made the need for new antimicrobial compounds to deal with resistant infections an emergency. However, environments that once offered so many innovative molecules, now already exhaustively exploited, do not meet this need. In this context, a geographically isolated, under-explored and extreme environment, such as Antarctica, which holds organisms with unique physiological and biochemical characteristics, assumes great importance as a potential source of new compounds with antimicrobial activity. In this patent review, we investigate the state of technological development in the field of antimicrobial compounds obtained from Antarctic organisms, highlighting the main countries and researchers active in the field, the species utilized, the compounds obtained, and their possible therapeutic applications. As results, few patent documents were found, however they encompass a wide diversity of compounds and species, indicating a great antimicrobial potential present in Antarctic biota, including compounds active against the most important human pathogenic microorganisms, such as including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. and multi-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Furthermore, due to the increasing trend in patent applications, a significant rise in the number of patents in this area is expected in the coming years.

RESUMO Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da condição da pastagem diferida de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu ao final do inverno sobre o perfilhamento durante a estação de crescimento. Os tratamentos foram três condições de pastagem no final do inverno: pasto baixo, pasto alto e pasto alto/roçado. Nos meses de setembro e outubro, a taxa de aparecimento de perfilhos (TApP) e a taxa de mortalidade de perfilhos (TMoP) foram maiores na pastagem alta/roçada. Nos meses de novembro e dezembro, a pastagem alta apresentou maior TApP. De novembro a janeiro, a TMoP foi maior na pastagem alta. Os índices de estabilidade de perfilhos das pastagens baixas e altas/roçadas foram maiores em outubro. A pastagem baixa apresentou maior número de perfilhos do que as pastagens altas e altas/roçadas durante todo o período experimental. A pastagem diferida e baixa de capim-marandu no final do inverno apresenta, em geral, menor mortalidade de perfilhos e maior densidade populacional de perfilhos no início da primavera, em comparação com a pastagem alta. A roçada do capim-marandu com alta massa de forragem ao final do inverno, embora comprometa apenas temporariamente a estabilidade populacional dos perfilhos, também estimula o perfilhamento rápido a partir da primavera.

ABSTRACT This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of deferred pasture condition of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu in the late winter on tillering during the growing season. The treatments were three pasture conditions at late winter: short pasture, tall pasture and tall/mown pasture. In September and October, tiller appearance rate (TApR) and tiller mortality rate (TMoR) were greater in the tall/mown pasture. In November and December, tall pasture presented greater TApR. From November to January the TMoR was greater in the tall pasture. The tiller stability index of short and tall/mown pastures were greater in October. The short pasture presented a greater tiller number than the tall and tall/mown pastures during the entire experimental period. Deferred and short pasture of marandu palisade grass at late winter presents in general lower tiller mortality and higher population density of tillers from the early spring onwards, in comparison to tall pasture. The mowing of marandu palisade grass with high forage mass at the late winter, although it only temporarily compromises the population stability of tillers, also stimulates its fast tillering from spring on.

The skin injury healing process involves the main phases of homoeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on hematological dynamics, oxidative stress markers, and its relation with tissue healing following skin injury. Wistar rats were divided into control, sham, skin injury, and skin injury LLLT. The biochemical and morphological analyses were performed in the inflammatory (1 and 3 days) and regenerative phases (7, 14, and 21 days) following injury. The skin injury was performed in the dorsal region, between the intrascapular lines, using a surgical punch. LLLT (Al-Ga-In-P, λ=660 nm, energy density of 20 J/cm2, 30 mW power, and a time of 40 s) was applied at the area immediately after injury and on every following day according to the experimental subgroups. LLLT maintained hematocrit and hemoglobin levels until the 3rd day of treatment. Surprisingly, LLLT increased total leukocytes levels compared to control until the 3rd day. The effects of LLLT on mitochondrial activity were demonstrated by the significant increase in MTT levels in both inflammatory and regenerative phases (from the 1st to the 7th day), but only when associated with skin injury. The results indicated that LLLT modulated the inflammatory response intensity and accelerated skin tissue healing by a mechanism that involved oxidative damage reduction mostly at early stages of skin healing (inflammatory phase).

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, em longo prazo, aspectos clínicos e radiográficos do joelho de cães submetidos à técnica modificada de avanço da tuberosidade da tíbia (mTTA). Um total de 15 joelhos de 11 pacientes foram submetidos à mTTA para correção de doença do ligamento cruzado cranial. A avaliação envolvia análise de marcha do paciente, teste de compressão tibial e de gaveta, goniometria do joelho para amplitude articular, circunferência das pernas e coxas e evidência radiográfica de progressão da osteoartrose. As variáveis foram comparadas entre membros operados e saudáveis e entre os momentos (M0) no pós-operatório imediato; (M1) 120 dias de pós-operatório; e (M2) aproximadamente cinco anos após a cirurgia. Foi avaliado um questionário sobre as percepções do proprietário após aproximadamente cinco anos de cirurgia. A maioria dos cães apresentou resposta positiva aos testes de gavetas e de compressão tibial em joelhos operados. Houve também diminuição na goniometria e na circunferência da coxa e aumento do perímetro das pernas. Evidências radiográficas de progressão da osteoartrite foram observadas especialmente no seguimento de longo prazo (M2). Na análise de marcha, a maioria dos animais apresentou algum grau de claudicação em diferentes condições, em contraste com as percepções dos proprietários. A osteoartrite ainda se desenvolve em cães após a cirurgia de mTTA para doença CCL. No entanto, os proprietários estavam, em geral, satisfeitos com a recuperação dos animais e estavam dispostos a aceitar a indicação de mTTA para cães com doença do ligamento cruzado cranial.

ABSTRACT The purpose of study was to assess long-term clinical and radiographic aspects of dogs’ stifle joints which had undergone a modified tibial tuberosity advancement technique (mTTA). A total of 15 stifles that had undergone mTTA for CCL disease of 11 patients were included in this study. Assessments involved patient’s gait analysis, cranial drawer and tibial compression tests, stifle goniometry range of articular motion, thigh and leg girth and radiographic evidence of progression of osteoarthrosis. Variables were compared between operated and healthy limbs and among moments (M0) on the early postop; (M1) 120 days postop; and (M2) approximately 5 years following surgery. A questionnaire regarding owner’s perceptions after approximately 5 years of surgery was assessed. Most dogs presented positive response to cranial drawer and tibial compression tests on operated knees. There was also decrease on goniometry and thigh girth and increase in leg girth. Radiographic evidence of progression of osteoarthritis was seen especially on the long-term follow-up (M2). On gait analysis, most animals presented some degree of lameness in different conditions, in contrast to owners’ perceptions. Osteoarthritis still develops in dogs following mTTA surgery for CCL disease. However, owners were overall satisfied with their recovery and would be willing to accept indication of mTTA for dogs with ruptured CCL.

RESUMO: A detecção de Salmonella é um ponto crucial para a segurança alimentar, devido a frequente associação deste patógeno com infecções alimentares em humanos. O método padrão para detecção de Salmonella é o bacteriológico, mas o tempo requerido para o processamento das amostras e o diagnóstico final é longo, por isso existe a necessidade de desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos que visem acelerar esta etapa. Para isto utilizamos a separação imunomagnética associada ao bacteriófago P22 como técnica de detecção rápida para os seguintes sorovares de Salmonella: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) e Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sorovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), os quais foram inoculados artificialmente em lavados de sobre-coxas de frango nas seguintes concentrações: 5, 10 e 100 UFC/25mL. A eficiência da técnica, representada pelo tempo requerido para detecção de amostras positivas ou negativas, foi comparado com os testes rotineiramente utilizados para detecção de Salmonella, o exame bacteriológico e a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Este estudo confirmou a capacidade do teste de separação imunomagnética associado a bacteriófago, o qual identificou 99,6% das amostras positivas para Salmonella, dos três sorovares testados. Já o bacteriológico e PCR identificaram respectivamente 95,1% e 98,5% das amostras positivas.

ABSTRACT: Salmonella detection is a key point in food safety testing, because of the frequent association of this pathogen with food poisoning in humans. The standard bacteriological tests currently used for Salmonella-detection are time-consuming; therefore, there is a need to develop alternative methods to accelerate the detection. In order to accelerate Salmonella diagnosis, we used the immunomagnetic separation assay associated with bacteriophage P22 for the rapid detection of the following Salmonella serovars in chicken rinses of drumsticks, artificially contaminated with 5, 10, and 100 CFU/25mL of bacteria: Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg), Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). The efficiency of the technique, represented by the time required for detection of positive and negative samples, was compared with that of the standard diagnostic tests used for this pathogen, the bacteriological assay and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test. This study confirmed the ability of the bacteriophage-associated immunomagnetic separation assay to identify 99.6% of Salmonella-positive samples of the three serovars tested. In contrast, the bacteriological assay and PCR-based test detected 95.1% and 98.5% of the Salmonella-positive samples respectively.

Abstract For the past 10 years, studies have contributed greatly to knowledge regarding the composition and distribution of the planktonic cladocerans of Tupé Lake in Amazonas State, Brazil, but comparisons between these studies have not been made, and this would increase the comprehension of the ecology of these organisms and their environment. Periodically the hydrological conditions in Tupé Lake change, due to its connecting channel with the Negro River. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition, abundance and diversity of cladocerans in the limnetic zone of Tupé Lake and compare the results with previous studies performed there. Samples were taken in April, June, September, October, November/08 and February/09 in 4 stations located in different areas of the lake. Ceriodaphnia cornuta G.O. Sars, 1886, Bosminopsis deitersi Richard, 1895 and Bosmina cf. longirostris (O.F. Müller, 1785) were the most abundant and frequent species of cladocerans among the 25 recorded species. Higher abundance and richness were observed during the low water phase (October/08). A relationship between the number of samples taken, as well as the type of sampling gear used, and the species richness was observed, when comparing this and previous studies performed in the lake.

When exercises are done in intense or exhaustive modes, several acute biochemical mechanisms are triggered. The use of cryotherapy as cold-water immersion is largely used to accelerate the process of muscular recovery based on its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The present study aimed to study the biochemical effects of cold-water immersion treatment in mice submitted to exercise-induced exhaustion. Swiss albino mice were divided into 4 treatment groups: control, cold-water immersion (CWI), swimming exhaustive protocol (SEP), and SEP+CWI. Treatment groups were subdivided into times of analysis: 0, 1, 3, and 5 days. Exhaustion groups were submitted to one SEP session, and the CWI groups submitted to one immersion session (12 min at 12°C) every 24 h. Reactive species production, inflammatory, cell viability, and antioxidant status were assessed. The SEP+CWI group showed a decrease in inflammatory damage biomarkers, and reactive species production, and presented increased cell viability compared to the SEP group. Furthermore, CWI increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the first two sessions. The present study showed that CWI was an effective treatment after exercise-induced muscle damage. It enhanced anti-inflammatory response, decreased reactive species production, increased cell viability, and promoted redox balance, which could decrease the time for the recovery process.

ABSTRACT Yellow fever is an arthropod-borne viral disease that still poses high public health concerns, despite the availability of an effective vaccine. The development of recombinant viruses is of utmost importance for several types of studies, such as those aimed to dissect virus-host interactions and to search for novel antiviral strategies. Moreover, recombinant viruses expressing reporter genes may greatly facilitate these studies. Here, we report the construction of a recombinant yellow fever virus (YFV) expressing Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) (YFV-GLuc). We show, through RT-PCR, sequencing and measurement of GLuc activity, that stability of the heterologous gene was maintained after six passages. Furthermore, a direct association between GLuc expression and viral replication was observed (r2=0.9967), indicating that measurement of GLuc activity may be used to assess viral replication in different applications. In addition, we evaluated the use of the recombinant virus in an antiviral assay with recombinant human alfa-2b interferon. A 60% inhibition of GLuc expression was observed in cells infected with YFV-GLuc and incubated with IFN alfa-2b. Previously tested on YFV inhibition by plaque assays indicated a similar fold-decrease in viral replication. These results are valuable as they show the stability of YFV-GLuc and one of several possible applications of this construct.

Resumo Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivos: 1) analisar a associação do estado maturacional com o desempenho nas provas de coordenação motora em crianças e 2) examinar se a relação entre o estado maturacional e o desempenho no KTK é mediada por alguma medida antropométrica. Métodos: A amostra de conveniência foi composta por 73 crianças do sexo masculino com 8 anos. A antropometria considerou a estatura, massa corporal, altura sentado, o perímetro de cintura, índice de massa corporal, as estimativas de massa gorda e massa livre de gordura. A maturação biológica foi avaliada pelo percentual da estatura matura predita. A coordenação motora foi testada pela bateria Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. Foi feita a correlação parcial entre as medidas antropométricas, z-escore da maturação e as provas de coordenação motora, com controle para idade cronológica. Por último, a análise de mediação causal foi feita. Resultados: Estatura, massa corporal, perímetro de cintura e massa gorda apresentaram correlação inversa de magnitude pequena a moderada com as provas de coordenação motora. A maturação biológica associou-se significativamente à prova de equilíbrio em marcha à retaguarda (r=-0,34). Foi identificada mediação total do perímetro de cintura na relação do estado maturacional com o equilíbrio em marcha à retaguarda (77%). Conclusões: Foi possível identificar a associação entre o estado físico maturacional e o desempenho em uma prova de bateria de coordenação motora em crianças do sexo masculino e, ainda, afirmar que há mediação do perímetro de cintura. Recomenda-se que estudos sejam feitos com indivíduos de outras idades e do sexo feminino.

Abstract Objective: The present study aimed to: 1) examine the association of biological maturation effect on performance at a motor coordination battery and 2) to assess whether the association between biological maturation and scores obtained in motor coordination tests is mediated by some anthropometric measurement. Methods: The convenience sample consisted of 73 male children aged 8 years old. Anthropometric data considered the height, body mass, sitting height, waist circumference, body mass index, fat mass and fat-free mass estimates. Biological maturation was assessed by the percentage of the predicted mature stature. Motor coordination was tested by the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. A partial correlation between anthropometric measurements, z-score of maturation and the motor coordination tests were performed, controlling for chronological age. Finally, causal mediation analysis was performed. Results: Height, body mass, waist circumference and fat mass showed a slight to moderate inverse correlation with motor coordination. Biological maturation was significantly associated with the balance test with backward walking (r=-0.34). Total mediation of the waist circumference was identified in the association between biological maturation and balance test with backward walking (77%). Conclusions: We identified an association between biological maturation and KTK test performance in male children and also verified that there is mediation of waist circumference. It is recommended that studies be carried out with female individuals and at other age ranges.

RESUMO O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade alelopática dos lixiviados das raízes e folhas secas de Asemeia extraaxillaris sobre o crescimento de corda de viola Ipomoea cordifolia em casa de vegetação, para avaliação dos efeitos sobre o estresse oxidativo. Nos bioensaios foram utilizadas três concentrações (0,25 - 5,00 e 10,00 g) e um controle, com quatro repetições de 10 plantas, cultivadas em solo durante 30 dias. Os lixiviados possuem ação alelopática e o maior efeito foi verificado para o pó das raizes. O efeito inibitório foi dose-dependente e o aumento do estresse oxidativo foi observado pelos níveis da catalase, peroxidase, superóxido dismutase, glutationa redutase, peroxidação lipídica e síntese de formazan. Concluiu-se que A. extraaxillaris possui substâncias capazes de afetar a emergência, o crescimento e o estresse oxidativo de I. cordifolia.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to assess the allelopathic activity of leachates from the roots and dried leaves of Asemeia extraaxillaris on the germination and growth of corda de viola (Ipomoea cordifolia) in a greenhouse, and evaluate its effect on oxidative stress. For the bioassays, three concentrations (0.25, 5.00, and 10.00 g) and one control were used, with four replications of 10 plants, cultivated in soil for 30 days. The leachates exhibited allelopathic action, and the greatest effect was found in the root powder. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent and the increase in oxidative stress was observed by the levels of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation, and formazan synthesis. It was affirmed that A. extraaxillaris contains substances capable of affecting seedling emergence, growth, and oxidative stress in I. cordifolia.

RESUMO Nesse artigo investigamos a existência de solução para um problema de valor inicial e de contorno associado à seguinte equação da onda não linear u'' - Δu + |u|ρ = f em onde representa um domínio não cilíndrico doRn+ 1. A metodologia, conforme Lions(3), consiste em transformar o problema original, por meio de uma perturbação dependendo de um parâmetro ε > 0, em um outro definido em um domínio cilíndrico Q que contêm . Resolvendo o problema no domínio cilíndrico, obtemos estimativas que dependem de ε. Tais estimativas nos permitirão tomar o limite, quando ε tende a zero, garantindo assim a existência de uma solução para o problema não cilíndrico. A não linearidade |uε|ρ introduz alguns obstáculos no processo de obtenção das estimativas, tais dificuldades são superadas por meio de um argumento devido a Tartar(8) combinado com um argumento de contradição.

ABSTRACT In this paper we investigate the existence of solution for an initial boundary value problem of the following nonlinear wave equation: u'' - Δu + |u|ρ =f in . where represents a non-cylindrical domain ofRn+ 1. The methodology, cf. Lions3, consists of transforming this problem, by means of a perturbation depending on a parameter ε > 0, into another one defined in a cylindrical domain Qcontaining . By solving the cylindrical problem, we obtain estimates that depend on ε. These ones will enable a passage to the limit, when ε goes to zero, that will guarantee, later, a solution for the non-cylindrical problem. The nonlinearity |uε|ρ introduces some obstacles in the process of obtaining a priori estimates and we overcome this difficulty by employing an argument due to Tartar(8) plus a contradiction process.

Isolaram-se estirpes de Campylobacter spp. em amostras de carcaças (n=65), fezes (n=65) e linfonodos mesentéricos (n=65) de suínos abatidos em frigoríficos do estado de São Paulo e detectaram, pela técnica da Multiplex-PCR, a presença do complexo de genes cdt, responsáveis pela expressão do fator de virulência da toxina CDT. Do total de 195 amostras de origem suína, Campylobacter spp. foi isolado de 31 (15,9%), sendo 29 (93,6%) de amostras de suabe retal, 1/65 (3,2%) de suabe de carcaça e um (3,2%) de linfonodo. Vinte e oito estirpes de C. coli foram positivas para a detecção dos genes cdt, e três estirpes de C. jejuni foram negativas para a detecção desses genes. Foi detectada, pela primeira vez no estado de São Paulo, a presença dos genes cdt em 100% das estirpes de Campylobacter coli provenientes de suínos abatidos em frigoríficos.

The purposes of this study were to isolate and identify Campylobacter spp. strains from the carcasses (n=65), feces (n=65) and mesenteric lymph nodes (n=65) of swine slaughtered in abattoirs in the State of Sao Paulo and to detect the presence of the cdt gene complex - responsible for the expression of the virulence factor cytolethal distensive toxin - in these Campylobacter spp. strains through Multiplex-PCR. From 195 samples analyzed, Campylobacter spp. was isolated in 31 (15.9%): 29 (93,6%) samples of rectal swab, 1 (3.2%) carcass swab and 1 (3.2%) lymph node sample. The 28 strains of isolated C. coli were positive for CDT toxin genes and the three strains of isolated C. jejuni were negative for these genes. It was also the first time that the cdt gene cluster was detected in strains isolated from swine in the state of São Paulo. These findings indicate swine as a potential spreading source of virulent strains of Campylobacter coli, either for slaughterhouse staff or consumers of carcasses and sub products.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o micrométodo analítico empregando a cromatografia líquida para quantificação de propranolol em crianças operadas de tetralogia de Fallot (TLF). MÉTODO: Requereu-se apenas volumes de 0,2mL de plasma para a realização do ensaio. Os picos foram eluídos em 8.4 (Propranolol) e 17.5 min (verapamil, padrão interno) de uma coluna C18, com fase móvel (tampão acetato 0,1 M pH 5,0 e acetonitrila, 60:40, v/v) em fluxo de 0,7 mL/min, sendo detectados em 290 nm (excitação) e em 358 nm (emissão). A cirurgia iniciou-se 776 min depois da dose administrada (8,7mg, média) e sete amostras de sangue foram coletadas de seis pacientes (4M/2F; 2,1 anos;11,5kg; 0,80m;18,9kg/m²). RESULTADOS: Os limites de confiança do método analítico evidenciaram alta seletividade e recuperação, sensibilidade (0,02ng/mL), boa linearidade (0,05-1000ng/mL), precisão de 8,6% e exatidão de 3,1%. A duração média da cirurgia foi de 283,2min, com os pacientes em circulação extracorpórea (CEC) durante 114min. Uma curva de declínio do propranolol no plasma foi obtida após a última dose na noite que precedeu o dia da intervenção. A concentração plasmática foi normalizada com o hematócrito devido à hemodiluição causada pela CEC. Por outro lado obteve-se decréscimo nas concentrações plasmáticas entre os períodos início da cirurgia para o 2º dia de pós-operatório (7,09 ng/mL e0,05 ng/mL, p<0,05 respectivamente) e do final da CEC para o 2º dia de pós-operatório (2,79ng/mL e 0,05ng/mL, p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O monitoramento das concentrações plasmáticas normalizadas do propranolol, em crianças com TLF, após a última dose pré-operatória revelou decaimento do início da cirurgia para o segundo pós-operatório, sugerindo que após a correção cirúrgica, uma vez restaurada a distribuição, a eliminação do fármaco foi completa.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analytical micromethod using liquid chromatography for the quantification of propranolol in children submitted to surgery of tetralogy of Fallot (TLF). Methods: Only 0.2 mL of plasma is required for the assay. Peaks eluted at 8.4 (Propranolol) and 17.5 min (verapamil, internal standard) from a C18 column, with a mobile phase 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 5.0, and acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) at flow rate 0.7 mL/min, detected at 290 nm (excitation) and 358 nm (emission). Surgery was started 776 min of drug administration (8.7mg, mean); seven blood samples were collected from six patients (4M/2F; 2.1yrs;11.5kg; 0.80m; 18.9kg/m²). RESULTS: Confidence limits of the method showed high selectivity and recovery, sensitivity of 0.02ng/mL, good linearity (0.05-1000ng/mL), precision of 8.6% and accuracy of 3.1%. The mean duration of surgery was 283.2min, with the patients remaining under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for 114min. A declining curve of propranolol plasma concentration was obtained after the last dose in the night that preceded the day of surgery. Plasma concentration also was normalized with hematocrit due to the hemodilution caused by the CPB procedure. On the other hand a decrease on drug plasma concentration was obtained between periods, the beginning of surgery to the postoperative day 2 (7.09 ng/mL and 0.05 ng/mL, p<0.05 respectively) and from the end of CPB to the postoperative day 2 (2.79ng/mL e 0.05ng/mL, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Propranolol monitoring of plasma concentrations of children (TLF) normalized after the last preoperative dose revealed a decline from the beginning of surgery to the second postoperative day, suggesting that, once redistribution was restored, propranolol washout was complete.