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Resumo: Um panorama geral das galhas de insetos em Asteraceae no Brasil é apresentado. Usamos a base de dados "Web of Science" para encontrar publicações sobre galhas de insetos de 1988 a 2020. Analisamos 88 publicações no total, porém obtivemos dados de apenas 51. Um total de 487 morfotipos de galhas foi contabilizado em 157 espécies de plantas de 42 gêneros. Este valor indica as Asteraceae como a família botânica mais rica em número de morfotipos de galhas no Brasil. A maioria dos morfotipos foi registrada na Mata Atlântica (41%) e no Cerrado (30.5%), biomas mais investigados no Brasil. Baccharis L. suportou a maior riqueza de galhas (43.9%), o que poderia ser explicado pelas hipóteses de área geográfica e tamanho do táxon. Baccharis concinna G.M. Barroso, B. dracunculifolia DC. E B. platypoda DC. foram indicadas como as espécies super hospedeiras. A maioria das galhas foi induzida em caules (52.2%), um padrão conhecido em Asteraceae para Tephritidae e Chloropidae indutores de galhas, e estendido no presente estudo para Cecidomyiidae. A maioria das galhas foi fusiforme (42.5%), o que pode estar relacionado ao maior número de galhas em caule. Os Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) foram os indutores mais frequentes, como no mundo inteiro. A presença de outros ocupantes - parasitoides, cecidófagos, cleptoparasitas e sucessores - foi assinalada em 8.8% dos morfotipos de galhas, sendo os parasitoides os mais frequentes, como em outras publicações no país. A maioria das plantas hospedeiras são endêmicas do Brasil (58%), 14 são úteis e algumas são vulneráveis ou ameaçadas (seis e quatro, respectivamente). Devido à alta especificidade de plantas hospedeiras, os indutores de galhas associados a estas plantas podem ser considerados endêmicos, de importância econômica, vulneráveis e/ou ameaçados, respectivamente.

Abstract: An overview of insect galls on Asteraceae in Brazil is presented. We used the Web of Science database to find publications about insect galls from 1988 to 2020. We analyzed 88 publications and collected data from 51 of those. A total of 487 gall morphotypes were counted on 157 plant species of 42 genera. This value singled out Asteraceae as the richest plant family in number of gall morphotypes in Brazil. Most morphotypes were recorded in the Atlantic Forest (41%) and Cerrado (30.5%), the most surveyed biomes in Brazil. Baccharis L. supported the greatest gall richness (43.9%), which could be explained by the hypotheses of geographic area and taxon size. Baccharis concinna G.M. Barroso, B. dracunculifolia DC. and B. platypoda DC. were indicated as superhost species. Most galls were induced on stems (52.2%), a pattern known in Asteraceae for gall-inducing Tephritidae and Chloropidae, and extended in the present study to Cecidomyiidae. Most galls were fusiform (42.5%), which can be related to the highest number of gall on stems. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) were the most frequent inducers, as observed worldwide. The presence of other dwellers - parasitoids, cecidophages, kleptoparasites, and successors - were reported in 8.8% of the gall morphotypes, being parasitoids the most frequent, as found in other Brazilian publications. Most host plants (58%) are endemic to Brazil, 14% are useful and few are vulnerable or endangered (six and four species, respectively). Due to the high host specificity, the gall-inducers associated with these plants can also be considered either endemic, important, vulnerable and/or endangered, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2021-1250

Laminite endocrinopática em equinos com síndrome metabólica: características clínicas, tratamento e evolução em três pacientes ˗ relato de caso
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Paula, L.A.O.

; Lera, K.R.J.L.

; Schuh, B.R.F.

; Silva, F.F.A.

; Nascimento, E. Michelon do

; Pagliosa, G.M.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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aug 2020, Volume 72 N. 4 Pages 1375 - 1380

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Laminite endocrinopática designa os casos de laminite cuja etiologia está associada a uma endocrinopatia. Cavalos com síndrome metabólica equina (SME) apresentam adiposidade regional e obesidade. Existe uma correlação positiva entre obesidade e resistência à insulina. Este relato descreve três casos de laminite endocrinopática em cavalos com SME. Os pacientes apresentaram escore de condição corporal (ECC) variando de 8 a 9 (escala de 1 a 9), sensibilidade ao teste de pinçamento do casco e claudicação de grau 3 ou 4 (escala de 1 a 4). Não havia histórico de cólica recente, trauma ou excesso de exercício. O tratamento incluiu medicação anti-inflamatória não esteroidal, repouso na baia, restrição energética para perda de peso, revestimento e bandagem dos membros, conforme a necessidade de cada paciente. A restrição alimentar ajudou no tratamento da SME e reduziu o ECC. Tratamento medicamentoso, casqueamento e bandagem diminuíram o grau de claudicação. Conclui-se que o tratamento anti-inflamatório não esteroidal, a restrição energética, o repouso em baia, o casqueamento e a bandagem do casco são eficazes no tratamento da laminite endocrinopática em cavalos com síndrome metabólica equina.

ABSTRACT Endocrinopathic laminitis refers to cases of laminitis whose etiology is associated with an endocrinopathy. Horses with Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) have regional adiposity and obesity. There is a positive correlation between obesity and insulin resistance. This report describes three cases of endocrinopathic laminitis in horses with EMS. Patients had body condition score (BCS) ranging from 8 to 9 (scale from 1 to 9), sensitivity to the hoof clamping test and claudication grade 3 or 4 (scale from 1 to 4). There was no history of recent colic, trauma or over exercise. Treatment included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication, stall rest, energy restriction for weight loss, hoofing and hoof bandage as needed by each patient. Dietary restriction helped in the treatment of EMS and reduced BCS. Drug treatment, hoofing and hoof bandage decreased the degree of lameness. It is concluded that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment, energy restriction, stall rest, hoofing and hoof bandage are effective in the treatment of endocrinopathic laminitis in horses with equine metabolic syndrome.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11778 4046 downloads

Inclusion of shrimp waste meal in diet of free-range chickens
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Brito, C.O.

; Silva, C.M.

; Lelis, G.R.

; Corassa, A.

; Velarde, J.M.D.S.

; Silva, M.A.S.

; Oliveira Júnior, G.M.

; Del Vesco, A.P.

; Ribeiro Júnior, V.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2020, Volume 50 N. 6 Pages 773 - 778

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Shrimp waste meal (SWM) is a by-product from the processing of shrimp for human consumption. The value of SMW in feeding poultry is not well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the energy value and optimal inclusion level of SWM in the diet of growing chickens. A total of 180 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to five treatments with 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg of SWM included in their diet. There were six replicates of six birds for each treatment. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected by the level of SWM that was fed. Retained dry matter varied from 72.39% in the diet that did not contain SWM to 66.97% in the diet with 200 g/kg of SWM. Nitrogen retention (NR) ranged from 54.70% to 70.10%; N ingested was between 18.71% and 24.03%. Energy intake ranged from 73.57% to 69.33% for the control and the diet with 200 g/kg of SWM, respectively. NR improved with increasing SWM inclusion levels. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and corrected apparent energy metabolizable (AMEn) ranged from 2928 to 2527 kcal/kg and 2774 to 2329 kcal/kg, respectively, relative to the control and 200 g/kg SWM diets. The energy consumption, in kcal/kg, of SWM consumed was AME = 2332-6.971 x SWM and AMEn = 21138.128 x SWM. High levels of SWM reduce the dry matter metabolization coefficient and metabolizable energy values in broilers during the growing phase, so it is recommended that up to 100 g/kg should be included, which would provide an AMEn of 1300.2 kcal/kg for free-range chickens in dry matter.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i6.1 201 downloads

200.000 IU of vitamin D does not reduce resting Blood Pressure and Inhibit Post-Exercise Hypotension in elderly women: a pilot study
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GONÇALVES, MARIA DA CONCEIÇÃO R.

; MIRANDA NETO, MANOEL

; CAVALCANTE, ISA G.M.

; SEBADELHE, VITTÓRIA R.R.J.

; SOUZA, MICHELE F. De

; NEVES, JULIANA P.R.

; SOUZA, FLAVIA T.L. DE

; TAVARES, RENATA L.

; COSTA, MATHEUS S.

; SILVA, ALEXANDRE S.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 N. 1 elocation e20190227

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Given the scarcity of studies with elderly and the existence of studies investigating the effect of vitamin D supplementation in PEH (post exercise hypotension), this study evaluated the effect of a single megadose of vitamin D on resting blood pressure (RBP) and post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in the elderly. 11 hypertensive elderly women (70.3 ± 1.7 years) received a single megadose of 200.000 IU of cholecalciferol or a placebo, orally, through capsules. On day 7, the subjects performed 30 minutes of aerobic exercise with blood pressure measurement before exercise and every 10 minutes after exercise during 60 minutes, besides cardiac autonomic modulation. RBP did not significantly change. Exercise promoted significant systolic PEH only in one moment post exercise in treated group and in the placebo group promoted significant systolic PEH at four moments. Significant diastolic PEH did not occur in any of the groups. Sympathovagal activity increased at post exercise balance in supplemented subjects at 20 min, 40 min, 50 min and 60 min when compared to rest; this increase was not observed in the placebo. A megadose of vitamin D did not reduce RBP, promoted partial inhibition of systolic PEH and increased sympathovagal balance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020190227 1055 downloads

Padronização de uma PCR para diagnóstico molecular de Microsporum canis em amostras de pelos e crostas de cães e gatos
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Leal, C.A.S.

; Silva, G.G.

; Silva, G.M.

; Silva, L.B.G.

; Pinheiro Júnior, J.W.

; Mota, R.A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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aug 2019, Volume 71 N. 4 Pages 1143 - 1148

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste estudo padronizar um protocolo de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detecção de Microsporum canis em amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos. Foram selecionadas 48 amostras previamente identificadas por meio de cultura. Destas, 23 foram positivas para dermatófitos no cultivo. Padronizou-se a PCR a partir de primers desenhados para o alvo M. canis. Sessenta e um por cento (14/23) das amostras positivas para dermatófitos foram identificadas como M. canis em cultura. Desse total, 71,4% (10/14) apresentaram um fragmento de 218pb compatível com o esperado para a espécie fúngica alvo dessa reação. Observou-se uma sensibilidade de 71,4% e especificidade de 100% na PCR, além de uma boa concordância entre essas técnicas de diagnóstico (Kappa: 0,78; P<0,0001). O protocolo utilizado neste estudo apresentou alta especificidade na detecção de M. canis diretamente de amostras de pelos e/ou crostas de cães e gatos, viabilizando um diagnóstico mais rápido e específico, podendo esse protocolo ser empregado como um método confirmatório para agilizar a detecção de M. canis.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to standardize a Polymerase Chain Reaction protocol (PCR) for the detection of Microsporum canis in fur and/or crusts of dogs and cats. 48 samples previously identified by culture were selected. Of these, 23 were positive for dermatophytes in culture. PCR was standardized from drawn primers whose target is M. canis. A total of 61% (14/23) of the dermatophyte positive samples were identified as M. canis in culture. Of this total, 71.4% (10/14) presented a fragment of 218bp compatible with that expected for the fungal species target of the reaction. A sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 100% in the PCR were observed, in addition to a good agreement between the techniques (Kappa: 0.78; P< 0.0001). The protocol used in this study showed high specificity in the detection of M. canis directly from fur and/or crusts of dogs and cats, making possible a faster and more specific diagnosis. This protocol could be used as a confirmatory method, speeding the detection of M. canis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9809 1507 downloads

Imunodetecção de Toxoplasma gondii em tecido placentário de cabras naturalmente infectadas
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Mesquita, E.P.

; Oliveira, J.M.B.

; Silva, G.M.

; Torres, S.M.

; Oliveira, A.A.F.

; Silva Júnior, V.A.

; Mota, R.A.

; Amorim, M.J.A.A.L.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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feb 2019, Volume 71 N. 1 Pages 86 - 92

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) é considerada uma ferramenta rápida e precisa para a identificação de protozoários, como Toxoplasma gondii, em tecidos fetais e placentários. Neste estudo foi avaliada a imunodetecção de Toxoplasma gondii em tecido placentário de cabras naturalmente infectadas. Foram coletadas e analisadas 80 amostras de placentas de cabras procedentes de único rebanho com sorologia positiva para T. gondii na técnica de ELISA. Na histopatologia, 27/80 amostras apresentaram lesões sugestivas de infecção por protozoários. Após a avaliação histopatológica, procedeu-se à realização da técnica de imuno-histoquímica, obtendo-se 85,2% (23/27) de amostras com marcação positiva. A imunodetecção ocorreu no epitélio de revestimento das vilosidades coriônicas e foi classificada de acordo com o grau de intensidade da imunomarcação. Também foi evidenciada imunomarcação no interior dos vasos sanguíneos fetais em 8,69% (2/23) das amostras. Este estudo demonstrou que a técnica de IHQ se comportou como uma ferramenta valiosa no diagnóstico da infeção por T. gondii em tecido placentário de cabras naturalmente infectadas e complementou, de forma decisiva, o diagnóstico, além de agregar maior valor aos resultados obtidos nas análises histopatológica e sorológica.

ABSTRACT Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is considered to be a rapid and accurate tool for the identification of protozoa such as Toxoplasma gondii in fetal and placental tissues. In this study, we evaluated the immunodetection of Toxoplasma gondii in placental tissue from naturally infected goats. A total of 80 samples of goat placentas from a single herd with positive ELISA serology for T. gondii were collected and analyzed. In the histopathology, 27/80 samples presented lesions suggestive of protozoal infection. After the histopathological evaluation, the immunohistochemistry technique was performed, obtaining 85.2% (23/27) of samples with positive marking. Immunodetection occurred in the lining epithelium of the chorionic villi and was classified according to the degree of intensity of the immunostaining. Immunostaining within the fetal blood vessels was also evidenced in 8.69% (2/23) of the samples. This study demonstrated that the IHQ technique behaved as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of T. gondii infection in placental tissue of naturally infected goats completing the diagnosis in a decisive way and adding greater value to the results obtained in the histopathological and serological analysis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9797 1464 downloads

Where do we aspire to publish? A position paper on scientific communication in biochemistry and molecular biology
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Baptista, M.S.

; Alves, M.J.M.

; Arantes, G.M.

; Armelin, H.A.

; Augusto, O.

; Baldini, R.L.

; Basseres, D.S.

; Bechara, E.J.H.

; Bruni-Cardoso, A.

; Chaimovich, H.

; Colepicolo Neto, P.

; Colli, W.

; Cuccovia, I.M.

; Da-Silva, A.M.

; Di Mascio, P.

; Farah, S.C.

; Ferreira, C.

; Forti, F.L.

; Giordano, R.J.

; Gomes, S.L.

; Gueiros Filho, F.J.

; Hoch, N.C.

; Hotta, C.T.

; Labriola, L.

; Lameu, C.

; Machini, M.T.

; Malnic, B.

; Marana, S.R.

; Medeiros, M.H.G.

; Meotti, F.C.

; Miyamoto, S.

; Oliveira, C.C.

; Souza-Pinto, N.C.

; Reis, E.M.

; Ronsein, G.E.

; Salinas, R.K.

; Schechtman, D.

; Schreier, S.

; Setubal, J.C.

; Sogayar, M.C.

; Souza, G.M.

; Terra, W.R.

; Truzzi, D.R.

; Ulrich, H.

; Verjovski-Almeida, S.

; Winck, F.V.

; Zingales, B.

; Kowaltowski, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2019, Volume 52 N. 9 elocation e8935

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The scientific publication landscape is changing quickly, with an enormous increase in options and models. Articles can be published in a complex variety of journals that differ in their presentation format (online-only or in-print), editorial organizations that maintain them (commercial and/or society-based), editorial handling (academic or professional editors), editorial board composition (academic or professional), payment options to cover editorial costs (open access or pay-to-read), indexation, visibility, branding, and other aspects. Additionally, online submissions of non-revised versions of manuscripts prior to seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal (a practice known as pre-printing) are a growing trend in biological sciences. In this changing landscape, researchers in biochemistry and molecular biology must re-think their priorities in terms of scientific output dissemination. The evaluation processes and institutional funding for scientific publications should also be revised accordingly. This article presents the results of discussions within the Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, on this subject.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20198935 1769 downloads

Growth of Tree Species in Coexistence with Palisade Grass Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf CV. Marandu
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SANTOS, T.A.

; RESENDE, A.S.

; SILVA, F.F.

; MORAES, L.F.D.

; CHAER, G.M.

Planta Daninha

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2019, Volume 37 elocation e019178812

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Avaliou-se neste trabalho o efeito da presença do capim-braquiarão (Urochloa brizantha) sobre o crescimento de cinco espécies arbóreas do bioma Mata Atlântica, em Seropédica-RJ. O estudo abrangeu cinco experimentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Em cada experimento, testou-se em vasos o efeito da gramínea sobre o crescimento das espécies Cedrela fissilis, Guazuma ulmifolia, Schinus terebinthifolius, Sapindus saponaria e Hymenaea courbaril. Foram medidos mensalmente a altura, o diâmetro do coleto e a mortalidade das plantas. Aos 180 dias, avaliou-se também a massa seca de parte aérea e radicular das espécies arbóreas e da gramínea. Houve forte interferência do capim-braquiarão sobre o crescimento das cinco espécies estudadas. A redução de crescimento em altura e diâmetro do coleto chegou, respectivamente, a 32% e 29% em S. saponaria e a 26% e 44% em G. ulmifolia. A interferência da gramínea foi ainda maior sobre o acúmulo de massa seca, promovendo reduções na parte aérea que variaram de 48% em H. courbaril a 90% em G. ulmifolia e em S. terebinthifolius. A massa seca de raízes das espécies arbóreas reduziu entre 28% e 84% em relação ao controle sem a presença da gramínea. C. fissilis apresentou taxa de mortalidade de 83%, quando em convivência com U. brizantha. As demais espécies, à exceção de S. saponaria, também apresentaram mortalidade quando sob competição, variando de 15% a 30%. Este estudo evidencia a importância do controle de gramíneas em projetos de reflorestamento visando maiores ganhos em crescimento e sobrevivência das espécies arbóreas.

ABSTRACT: The effect of palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) was evaluated on the growth of five tree species from the Atlantic Forest biome in Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. This study consisted of five experiments in a completely randomized design. The effect of grass on the growth of Cedrela fissilis, Guazuma ulmifolia, Schinus terebinthifolius, Sapindus saponaria, and Hymenaea courbaril was tested in pots at each experiment. Height, collar diameter, and plant mortality were measured monthly. Shoot and root dry matter of tree species and grass were evaluated at 180 days. A strong interference of palisade grass was observed on the growth of the five studied species. The reduction of growth in height and collar diameter reached 32 and 29% in S. saponaria and 26 and 44% in G. ulmifolia, respectively. Grass interference was even higher on dry matter accumulation, promoting reductions in the shoot that ranged from 48% in H. courbaril to 90% in G. ulmifolia and S. terebinthifolius. Root dry matter of tree species was reduced between 28 and 84% in relation to the control without the presence of grass. The species C. fissilis had a mortality rate of 83% in coexistence with U. brizantha. The other species, except S. saponaria, presented mortality from 15 to 30% under competition. This study evidences the importance of controlling grasses in reforestation projects aiming higher gains in growth and survival of tree species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100113 930 downloads

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of phonophoresis in animal models: a randomized experimental study
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Cardoso, L.C.P.

; Pinto, N.B.

; Nobre, M.E.P.

; Silva, M.R.

; Pires, G.M.

; Lopes, M.J.P.

; Viana, G.S.B.

; Rodrigues, L.M.R.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2019, Volume 52 N. 2 elocation e7773

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ultrasound (US)-mediated phonophoresis alone or in association with diclofenac diethylammonium (DCF) administered topically in animal models of inflammation. A pre-clinical, prospective, and randomized experimental study of quantitative and qualitative nature was carried out. Phonophoresis was performed using a therapeutic ultrasound apparatus in two distinct models of acute inflammation. Edema was induced by an intraplantar injection of carrageenan and measured by plethysmography. The Hargreaves test was used to evaluate the antinociceptive activity and investigate the action of phonophoresis on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production. A histological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin was used to evaluate tissue repair, and the expression of COX-2 was determined by immunohistochemical analysis. At the peak of inflammatory activity (3 h), treatment with US, US+DCF, and DCF significantly reduced edema formation compared to the control group. Treatment with US+DCF was more effective than treatment with US alone at both analyzed times. In the analysis of the antinociceptive activity, the treatments significantly increased the latency time in response to the thermal stimulus. Histopathological analysis revealed a reduction of the inflammatory infiltrates and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the association was effective in reducing COX-2 expression compared to the control group. The association of DCF with US produced anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in rat models of inflammation, which may be associated with inhibition of COX-2 and TNF-α production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20187773 1527 downloads

10.

Occurrence of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum in dairy cattle from to Pernambuco state, Brazil
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Macêdo, A.A.M.

; Oliveira, J.M.B.

; Silva, B.P.

; Borges, J.M.

; Soares, L.B.F.

; Silva, G.M.

; Santos, S.B.

; Mota, R.A.

; Pinheiro-Júnior, J.W.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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dec 2018, Volume 70 N. 6 Pages 1798 - 1806

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma investigação de Mycoplasma bovigenitalium e Ureaplasma diversum em bovinos leiteiros da microrregião do Vale do Ipanema, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram coletados suabes vaginais de 355 vacas em idade reprodutiva. As amostras foram analisadas por multiplex PCR (mPCR) e cultura. Foi realizada uma investigação dos fatores de risco para Mollicutes. Na mPCR, 9,29% (33/355) das vacas foram positivas para M. bovigenitalium e 21,69% (77/355) para U. diversum; coinfecção foi observada em 2,81% (10/355) das vacas. O isolamento microbiológico mostrou crescimento de Mycoplasma spp. em 81,81% (27/33) das amostras e em 24,67% (19/77) para Ureaplasma spp. Os fatores de risco relacionados à infecção por Mollicutes identificados foram sistema de produção semi-intensivo (OR= 4,6), aluguel de pastagem (OR= 3,6), não isolamento de animais com desordens reprodutivas (OR= 3,2) e monta natural e inseminação artificial (OR= 3,5). Houve uma associação significativa entre a infecção por Mollicutes e abortos no primeiro terço gestacional (P=0,001). Este é o primeiro relato da infecção por M. bovigenitalium e U. diversum em vacas na região semiárida do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. As medidas preventivas direcionadas aos fatores de risco identificados podem diminuir a ocorrência de Mollicutes nesses rebanhos.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to conduct an investigation of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Ureaplasma diversum infections in cattle in the microregion of the Ipanema Valley, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Vaginal swabs were collected from 355 breeding cows in reproductive age and were analyzed by multiplex PCR (mPCR) and culture. An epidemiological investigation of risk factors was performed for Mollicutes. mPCR analysis showed that, 9.29% (33/355) of the cows were positive for M. bovigenitalium and 21.69% (77/355) for U. diversum; coinfection was observed in 2.81% (10/355) of the cows. The microbiological isolation showed, 81.81% (27/33) of Mycoplasma spp. and 24.67% (19/77) of Ureaplasma spp.. The risk factors related to Mollicutes infection identified were semi-intensive breeding system (OR= 4.6), pasture rent (OR= 3.6), non-isolation of animals with reproductive disorders (OR= 3.2), and natural mounting and artificial insemination (OR= 3.5). There was a significant association between Mollicutes infection and abortions in the first gestational third (P= 0.001). This is the first record of M. bovigenitalium and U. diversum infection in cows in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Preventive measures directed to the identified risk factors can decrease the occurrence of Mollicutes in these herds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10132 1196 downloads

11.

Pulmonar ARFI elastography and ultrasonography of canine fetal hydrops: case report
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Maronezi, M.C.

; Madruga, G.M.

; Uscategui, R.A.R.

; Simões, A.P.R.

; Silva, P.

; Rodrigues, M.G.K.

; Cintra, C.A.

; Assis, A.R.

; Vicente, W.R.R.

; Feliciano, M.A.R.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2018, Volume 70 N. 5 Pages 1409 - 1413

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Este relato de caso descreve a aplicabilidade diagnóstica e prognóstica da elastografia ARFI e ultrassonografia pulmonar em fetos caninos com hidropisia, como um método potencial para predizer a disfunção respiratória pós-natal nesses conceptos. Duas cadelas gestantes (Buldogue Inglês - caso 1 e Buldogue Francês - caso 2) foram encaminhadas para avaliação ultrassonográfica na última semana de gestação. Pela ultrassonografia foram observadas, em cada cadela, um feto apresentando alterações pulmonares (hiperecogenicidade, superfície irregular e derrame pleural) e anasarca. Outros fetos não apresentaram anormalidades. Os fetos normais apresentaram elastograma pulmonar cinza-claro e azul-escuro e velocidade de cisalhamento de 0,75m/s. Os fetos com hidropisia apresentaram tonalidades cinza-média e azul-escura e velocidade de cisalhamento de 1,05m/s (caso 1) e 1,12m/s (caso 2). Esses achados são compatíveis com o aumento da rigidez pulmonar. Seis neonatos Buldogue Inglês e dois Buldogues Franceses não mostraram sinais de anormalidades clínicas na avaliação neonatal. Um filhote de cada gestação apresentou anasarca e dificuldade respiratória, vindo a óbito cerca de 24 horas após o nascimento. O uso das novas técnicas de ultrassonografia (elastografia) para avaliação de tecidos pulmonares em feto anormal, em obstetrícia veterinária, pode promover o diagnóstico precoce, seguro e não invasivo de alterações pré-natais e neonatais em conceptos caninos.

ABSTRACT This case report describes diagnostic and prognostic applicability of pulmonary acoustic radiation force impulse elastography and ultrasonography in canine hydrops fetalis. We also explore these methods’ potential in prediction of postnatal respiratory dysfunction. Two pregnant bitches (English bulldog [case 1] and French bulldog [case 2]) were referred for sonographic evaluation in their last week of pregnancy. Ultrasound showed that in each bitch, one fetus presented with lung alterations (hyperechogenicity, irregular surface, and pleural effusion) and anasarca. The other fetuses of the litter were normal, and they were observed as light gray and dark blue on pulmonary elastography. Their shear-wave velocity was 0.75m/s. Fetuses with hydrops were observed as medium gray and dark blue, and the average shear-wave velocities were 1.05m/s (case 1) and 1.12m/s (case 2). Findings were compatible with increased lung rigidity. Six neonates of English bulldog and two of French bulldog showed no signs of clinical abnormalities during neonatal assessment. One puppy in each gestation presented with anasarca and respiratory distress, and died approximately 24 hours after birth. Novel ultrasound techniques (elastography) for assessing pulmonary tissues in abnormal fetuses in veterinary obstetrics can promote early, safe, and non-invasive diagnosis of canine prenatal and neonatal alterations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10001 1169 downloads

12.

Caracterização nutricional das folhas de Moringa oleifera (MOL) para frangos de corte
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Macambira, G.M.

; Rabello, C.B.V.

; Navarro, M.I.V.

; Ludke, M.C.M.M.

; Silva, J.C.R.

; Lopes, E.C.

; Nascimento, G. R.

; Lopes, C.C.

; Bandeira, J.M.

; Silva, D.A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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mar 2018, Volume 70 N. 2 Pages 570 - 578

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se determinar os valores energéticos e nutricionais das folhas de Moringa oleifera (MOL) para frangos de corte. Utilizaram-se 90 pintos machos, Cobb-500, com 14 dias de idade, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de três aves. Os tratamentos consistiram de: uma dieta referência e quatro dietas com substituição de 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% da dieta referência pelas folhas de MOL. O período experimental teve duração de oito dias, utilizando-se a metodologia de coleta total de excretas. Foram determinados os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), aparente corrigida para o nitrogênio (EMAn), coeficiente de metabolizabilidade aparente da matéria seca (CMAMS), da proteína bruta (CMAPB) e da energia bruta (CMAEB). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e à análise de regressão a 5% de probabilidade. Houve efeito quadrático das variáveis à medida que a moringa era adicionada à ração referência. Na derivação das equações de regressão, o nível que proporcionou os melhores valores de EMA, EMAn e CMEB foi de 37,7% de substituição. O farelo de folhas MOL apresentou médias de 3140kcal/kg de EMA, 2845kcal/kg de EMAn, 76,92% de CMAEB, 76,63% de CMAMS e 73,42% de CMAPB.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the energy and nutritional value of the leaves of Moringa oleifera (MOL) for broilers. We used 90 male chicks, Cobb-500, with 14 days of age in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six repetitions of three birds. The treatments were: reference diet and 4 diets with substitution of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of the diet by reference sheet MOL. The trial lasted eight days, using the method of total excreta collection. The apparent metabolizable energy (AME), apparent corrected for nitrogen (AMEn), apparent metabolizable coefficient of dry matter (AMCDM), crude protein (AMCCP) and gross energy (AMCGE). The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression analysis at 5% probability. There was a quadratic effect of the variables as the moringa was added to the reference diet. In the derivation of the regression equations the level that provided the best values of AME, AMEn, AMCGE was 37.7% substitution. The leaves meal MOL presented average 3140kcal / kg of AME, 2845kcal / kg AMEn, 76.92% of AMCGE, 76.63% of AMCDM and 73.42% of AMCCP.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9522 7755 downloads

13.

Controlled synthesis of noble metal nanomaterials: motivation, principles, and opportunities in nanocatalysis
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GEONMONOND, RAFAEL S.

; SILVA, ANDERSON G.M. DA

; CAMARGO, PEDRO H.C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2018, Volume 90 N. 1 Pages 719 - 744

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This review describes some principles of the controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles, focusing on how the fundamental understanding of their synthesis in the solution-phase can be put to tailor size, shape, composition, and architecture. The maneuvering over these parameters not only enable the tuning of properties, but also the maximization and optimization of performances for various applications. Herein, we start with a brief description of metallic nanoparticles, highlighting the motivation for achieving physicochemical control in their synthesis. After that, we turn our attention to some important definitions and classifications as well as their unique properties such as surface and quantum effects. Moreover, we discuss the strategies for the controlled synthesis of metal nanomaterials based on the top-down and bottom-up approaches, focusing our discussion on their formation mechanisms in liquid-phase in terms of both thermodynamic and kinetic control. Finally, we point out the promising applications of controlled nanomaterials in the field of nanocatalysis and plasmon-enhanced catalysis, describing some of the current challenges in these fields.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170561 4473 downloads

14.

Productive aspects of pigs fed forage cactus silage associated with feed restriction
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Araújo, G.M.

; Martins, T.D.D.

; Givisiez, P.E.N.

; Pascoal, L.A.F.

; Oliveira, R.S.

; Oliveira, A.C.

; Silva, J.H.V.

; Guerra, R.R.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2018, Volume 48 N. 4 Pages 705 - 716

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study aimed to evaluate the use of silage of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) in diets for finishing pigs. Two experiments were conducted: the first for digestibility and the second for performance. In the performance trial, the quantitative levels of feed restriction (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) were evaluated, which were associated with the supply of forage cactus silage. Forage cactus silage presented 2463.59 and 2456 kcal/kg of digestible and metabolizable energy, respectively. The feed restriction levels associated with the supply of forage cactus silage influenced feed intake, weight gain and final weight negatively, but did not affect feed conversion. Carcass absolute weight was influenced negatively. However, the yield of carcass and cuts and the amount of meat in the carcass were not influenced. With the increase in feed restriction, there was a decrease in duodenal mucosa thickness, intestinal glands, liver glycogen storage and the occurrence of inflammation in the submucosa and intestinal mucosa. Forage cactus silage is not accepted well by animals. The restriction up to 30% of balanced feed did not affect feed conversion, yield of carcass and cuts and economic viability. However, levels over 10% affected intestinal health.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v48i4.12 446 downloads

15.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Vitex agnus-castus L. (Lamiaceae)
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GONÇALVES, REGIANE

; AYRES, VANESSA F.S.

; CARVALHO, CARLOS E.

; SOUZA, MARIA G.M.

; GUIMARÃES, ANDERSON C.

; CORRÊA, GEONE M.

; MARTINS, CARLOS H.G.

; TAKEARA, RENATA

; SILVA, ELIANE O.

; CROTTI, ANTÔNIO E.M.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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dec 2017, Volume 89 N. 4 Pages 2825 - 2832

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Abnormal multiplication of oral bacteria causes dental caries and dental plaque. These diseases continue to be major public health concerns worldwide, mainly in developing countries. In this study, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Vitex agnus-castus leaves (VAC‒EO) collected in the North of Brazil against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria were investigated. The antimicrobial activity of VAC-EO was evaluated in terms of its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by using the broth microdilution method in 96-well microplates. The chemical constituents of VAC-EO were identified by gas chromatography (GC‒FID) and gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS). VAC‒EO displayed some activity against all the investigated oral pathogens; MIC values ranged from 15.6 to 200 μg/mL. VAC-EO had promising activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC= 15.6 μg/mL), Lactobacillus casei (MIC= 15.6 μg/mL), and Streptococcus mitis (MIC= 31.2 μg/mL). The compounds 1,8-cineole (23.8%), (E)-β-farnesene (14.6%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.5%), sabinene (11.4%), and α-terpinyl acetate (7.7%) were the major chemical constituents of VAC‒EO. VAC-EO displays antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria. The efficacy of VAC-EO against S. mutans is noteworthy and should be further investigated.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720170428 2391 downloads

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