Juvenile hormone (JH III) is an important example of a chemical signaling derived from the terpene biosynthetic pathway. Because of its impact on many species’ reproductive and developmental processes, analytical approaches must be developed to accurately identify and measure it in biological samples. In this technical note, we explored the gas-phase dissociative behavior of JH III using tandem mass spectrometry combined with electrospray ionization to provide diagnostic fragment-ions for quantitative purposes.

ABSTRACT Calcium (Ca) is a nutrient responsible for maintaining plant quality and fruit yield. The production of new Ca sources, such as micronized (CaM) and complexed Ca (CaC), and their supplementation provide a better yield in mango cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the efect of Ca sources (micronized and complexed with Ascophyllum nodosum) and application methods on mango cultivation, in semi-arid Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 6 × 6 factorial scheme. The Ca supplementation strategies (control; 1 L ha−1 of CaM; 2 L ha−1 of CaM; 2 L ha−1 of CaC with A. nodosum extract; 2 L ha−1 of CaC with A. nodosum extract + application of 2.5 L ha−1 via CaC fertigation; and 2.5 L ha−1 via CaC fertigation) were evaluated on six dates regarding nutritional aspects. For biochemical and production aspects, the six supplementation strategies with Ca were evaluated. The Ca concentration in leaves and fruits signifcantly afected the interaction among the factors. The fertilization strategy with 2.5 L ha−1 of complexed calcium via fertigation was fundamental to provide increases in the nitrogen and Ca concentration of the fruits from 65 days after full fowering, and had positive efects on fruiting and production of mangoes cv. Kent.

RESUMO O cálcio (Ca) é um nutriente responsável por manter a qualidade de plantas e o rendimento de frutas. A produção de novas fontes de Ca, como o Ca micronizado (CaM) e o Ca complexado (CaC), e sua suplementação proporcionam um melhor rendimento no cultivo de mangueiras. Avaliou-se o efeito de fontes de Ca (micronizado e complexado com Ascophyllum nodosum) e métodos de aplicação no cultivo de mangueiras, no semiárido brasileiro. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fato rial 6 x 6. As estratégias de suplementação de Ca (controle; 1 L ha−1 de CaM; 2 L ha−1 de CaM; 2 L ha−1 de CaC com extrato de A. nodosum; 2 L ha−1 de CaC com extrato de A. nodosum + aplicação de 2,5 L ha−1 via fertirrigação de CaC; e 2,5 L ha−1 via fertirrigação de CaC) foram avaliadas em seis datas, quanto aos aspectos nutricionais. Para aspectos bioquímicos e de produção, as seis estratégias de suplementação com Ca foram avaliadas. A concentração de Ca nas folhas e frutos afetou signifcativamente a interação entre os fatores. A estratégia de fertilização com 2,5 L ha−1 de cálcio complexado via fertirrigação foi fundamental para proporcionar aumentos na concentração de nitrogênio e Ca nos frutos a partir de 65 dias após a foração completa e teve efeitos positivos na frutifcação e produção de mangas cv. Kent.

ABSTRACT Objective: To define a reference chart comparing pressure drop vs. flow generated by a set of arterial cannulae currently utilized in cardiopulmonary bypass conditions in pediatric surgery. Methods: Cannulae from two manufacturers were selected considering their design and outer and inner diameters. Cannula performance was evaluated in terms of pressure drop vs. flow during simulated cardiopulmonary bypass conditions. The experimental circuits consisted of a Jostra HL-20 roller pump, a Quadrox-i pediatric oxygenator (Maquet Cardiopulmonary AG, Rastatt, Germany), and a custom pediatric tubing set. The circuit was primed with lactated Ringer’s solution only (first condition) and with human packed red blood cells added (second condition) to achieve a hematocrit of 30%. Cannula sizes 8 to 16 Fr were inserted into the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit with a “Y” connector. The flow was adjusted in 100 ml/min increments within typical flow ranges for each cannula. Pre-cannula and post-cannula pressures were measured to calculate the pressure drop. Results: Utilizing a pressure drop limit of 100 mmHg, our results suggest a recommended flow limit of 500, 900, 1400, 2600, and 3100 mL/min for Braile arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, respectively. For Medtronic DLP arterial cannulae sizes 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 Fr, the recommended flow limit is 600, 1100, 1700, 2700, and 3300 mL/min, respectively. Conclusion: This study reinforces discrepancies in pressure drop between cannulae of the same diameter supplied by different manufacturers and the importance of independent translational research to evaluate components’ performance.

The publication Cardiovascular Statistics – Brazil aims to provide an annual compilation of data and research on the epidemiology of CVDs in Brazil.  The report integrates official statistics from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and other governmental entities alongside data from the GBD project, coordinated by the IHME at the University of Washington. Additionally, it incorporates data derived from various sources and scientific studies, including cohorts and registries, that relate to CVDs and their associated risk factors. This publication is intended for a wide range of individuals, including researchers, clinicians, patients, healthcare policymakers, media professionals, the general public, and other interested parties seeking extensive national data about heart disease and stroke.  Volunteer researchers from various Brazilian universities and research institutions carry out the project. The group is led by a five-member steering committee (ALPR, CAP, DCM, GMMO, and LCCB). The Brazilian Society of Cardiology fully supports this initiative, and the project receives collaborative support from the GBD Brazil Network and an International Committee (GAR, PP, and TAG) from both the IHME/University of Washington (GAR) and the World Heart Federation (PP and TAG). 

A publicação Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil tem por objetivo fornecer uma compilação anual dos dados e das pesquisas sobre a epidemiologia das DCV no Brasil.  Este documento integra as estatísticas oficiais do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e outras entidades governamentais ao lado de dados do projeto GBD, coordenado pelo IHME da Universidade de Washington. Além disso, incorpora dados derivados de várias fontes e estudos científicos, inclusive coortes e registros, relacionados às DCV e fatores de risco associados. Esta publicação destina-se a um público variado, incluindo pesquisadores, clínicos, pacientes, formuladores de políticas de saúde, profissionais da mídia, o público em geral e todos aqueles que buscam dados nacionais abrangentes sobre DCV e acidente vascular cerebral. Pesquisadores voluntários de várias universidades e instituições de pesquisa brasileiros realizaram este projeto. O grupo é liderado por um comitê diretivo com cinco membros (ALPR, CAP, DCM, GMMO e LCCB). A Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia apoia integralmente esta iniciativa e o projeto recebe colaboração da Rede GBD Brasil1 e do GBD International Committee (GAR, PP e TAG) do IHME/Universidade de Washington (GAR) e da World Heart Federation (PP e TAG). 

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a eficiência de uso de fósforo em genótipos de meloeiro cultivados em sistema hidropônico. Foram avaliados 10 genótipos de meloeiro em soluções nutritivas com e sem restrição de fósforo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial 10 × 2, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliados os seguintes caracteres: número de folhas, diâmetro do caule, comprimento do ramo principal, comprimento do sistema radicular, volume do sistema radicular, clorofila, razão do teor de fósforo na raiz e parte aérea, fósforo total, razão da matéria seca na raiz e parte aérea, matéria seca total e eficiências de uso, de aquisição e de utilização interna de fósforo. Verificou-se a existência de variabilidade entre os genótipos para todos os caracteres avaliados, exceto para clorofila. Os genótipos A-16, A-29, A-50, A-52 e Trinity foram classificados como eficientes e responsivos na solução com restrição de fósforo, sendo promissores para estudos em melhoramento genético.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of phosphorus use with melon genotypes cultivated in a hydroponic system. Ten melon genotypes were evaluated in solutions with and without phosphorus restriction. A randomized block design in a 10 × 2 factorial scheme was used, with five replicates. The following characteristics were evaluated: leaf number, stem diameter, main branch length, root system length, root system volume, chlorophyll, root and shoot phosphorus concentration ratio, total phosphorus, root and shoot dry matter ratio, total dry matter, and phosphorus use, acquisition, and internal utilization efficiencies. The existence of variability among genotypes was verified for all evaluated characteristics, except for chlorophyll. Genotypes A-16, A-29, A-50, A-52, and Trinity were classified as efficient and responsive in the phosphorus-restricted solution and are promising for breeding studies.

RESUMO: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae é o agente causador da pleuropneumonia suína, uma doença respiratória contagiosa associada à alta morbidade e perdas econômicas. Embora a antibioticoterapia ajude a controlar a disseminação do patógeno na fazenda, a resistência a várias classes de antibióticos tem sido relatada e o tratamento pode ser prejudicado pela capacidade bacteriana de formar biofilmes. Isso aumenta a necessidade de abordagens terapêuticas alternativas, que incluem o uso de compostos naturais com atividades antimicrobianas e/ou antibiofilme. Neste trabalho, analisamos, pelo método de microdiluição em caldo nutriente, os efeitos inibitórios e bactericidas dos óleos essenciais obtidos de dezoito plantas medicinais brasileiras populares e/ou temperos contra isolados clínicos de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Então, concentrações subinibitórias dos óleos ativos foram testados quanto a suas atividades antibiofilme, analisados pelo método do cristal violeta. Dentre os dezoito óleos testados, oito (extraídos da canela, coentro, hortelã-pimenta, hortelã, tomilho, manjerona, eucalipto e louro) apresentaram atividade bacteriostática e bactericida contra todos os isolados, e concentrações subinibitórias de cinco deles romperam biofilmes pré-formados em até 80%, além de inibirem fortemente a formação de biofilmes. A composição química desses óleos foi avaliada por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massa (CG/MS) e é apresentada, indicando que suas propriedades bactericidas e antibiofilme estavam principalmente associadas à presença de monoterpenos e fenilpropanóides. Este é o primeiro relato de óleos essenciais com potencial para controlar a contaminação ambiental e infecção animal por A. pleuropneumoniae, representando uma alternativa contra o crescente aumento de resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos.

ABSTRACT: Actinobacilluspleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of swine pleuropneumonia, a contagious respiratory disease associated with high morbidity and economic losses. While antibiotic therapy helps to control the spreading of the pathogen on the farm, resistance to several classes of antibiotics were reported, and treatment can be impaired by the bacterial ability to form biofilms. This increases the need for alternative therapy approaches, including the use of natural compounds with antimicrobial and/or antibiofilm activities. In this research we analyzed, by the broth microdilution method, the inhibitory and bactericidal activities of the essential oils obtained from eighteen Brazilian popular medicinal plants or spices against clinical isolates of Actinobacilluspleuropneumoniae. After that, sub-inhibitory concentrations of active oils were tested for their antibiofilm effects, analyzed by the crystal violet method. Among the eighteen oils tested, eight (extracted from cinnamon, coriander, peppermint, spearmint, thyme, marjoram, eucalyptus, and laurel) presented bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against all isolates, and subinhibitory concentrations of five of them disrupted up to 80% preformed biofilms, and significantly inhibited biofilm formation. The chemical composition of such oils was assessed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and is presented, indicating that their bactericidal and antibiofilm properties were mostly associated with the presence of monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids. To our knowledge, this is the first report of essential oils with potential to control environmental contamination and animal infection with A. pleuropneumoniae, representing an alternative to increasing levels of antibiotic resistance.

ABSTRACT: This study performed the characterization of coccidiosis in broilers and evaluated the occurrence of suggestive cases of necrotic enteritis (NE), seeking if there is an association between the diseases in Brazilian flocks. Two hundred and fifty-six birds from 32 flocks were evaluated. Macroscopic and histopathological lesions were graduated for coccidiosis and NE. Intestinal content was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for seven species of Eimeria and by selective anaerobic culture for Clostridium perfringens and identification of the NetB gene. Flocks positive for coccidiosis represented 93.8%. Macroscopic lesions of coccidiosis were Grade 1 for E. acervulina (27%); E. tenella (9.7%) and E. maxima (8.9%). Histopathological evaluation showed Grade 1 in duodenum (38.2%); jejunum (21.4%); cecum (9.3%) and ileum (5%). PCR demonstrated positivity for E. tenella (21.9%), E. maxima (18.8%), and E. acervulina (3.1%). Suggestive macroscopic lesions of necrotic enteritis ranged from Grade 1 (16%), 2 (23%) and 3 (10,9%). Histopathology indicated the absence of necrosis, showing only hemorrhage in the mucosa and submucosa, with the presence of Eimeria spp. Clostridium perfringens type A netB+ was not isolated, demonstrating that macroscopic lesions found mostly in the jejunum did not characterize NE, based on histopathology and negativity of the NetB gene. The study suggests that, due to the high occurrence of coccidiosis, many macroscopic findings suggestive of NE are, in fact, attributed to atypical lesions caused by the reproduction of Eimeria spp.

RESUMO: Este estudo realizou a caracterização de coccidiose em frangos de corte e avaliou a ocorrência de casos sugestivos de enterite necrótica (EN), buscando se há alguma associação entre estas duas enfermidades em lotes de frango de corte no Brasil. Foram avaliadas 256 aves de 32 lotes. Lesões macroscópicas e histopatológicas foram graduadas para coccidiose e EN. O conteúdo intestinal foi investigado por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para sete espécies de Eimeria e por cultura anaeróbia seletiva para Clostridium perfringens e identificação do gene NetB. Os lotes positivos para coccidiose representaram 93,8%. Lesões macroscópicas de coccidiose foram de Grau 1 para E. acervulina (27%); E. tenella (9,7%) e E. maxima (8,9%). A avaliação histopatológica mostrou Grau 1 no duodeno (38,2%); jejuno (21,4%); ceco (9,3%) e íleo (5%). A PCR demonstrou positividade para E. tenella (21,9%), E. maxima (18,8%) e E. acervulina (3,1%). Lesões macroscópicas sugestivas de enterite necrótica variaram de grau 1 (16%), 2 (23%) e 3 (10,9%). A histopatologia indicou ausência de necrose, apresentando apenas hemorragia em mucosa e submucosa, com presença de Eimeria spp. Clostridium perfringens tipo A netB + não foi isolado, demonstrando que lesões macroscópicas encontradas principalmente no jejuno não caracterizaram NE, com base na histopatologia e negatividade do gene NetB. O estudo sugere que, em virtude da alta ocorrência de coccidiose nos lotes, muitos achados macroscópicos sugestivos de EN são, na verdade, atribuídos a lesões atípicas provocadas pela reprodução de Eimeria spp.

RESUMO A salinidade da água de irrigação ou do solo são fatores abióticos que mais impacta negativamente na produtividade das culturas, entre elas, o milho verde, sendo necessário encontrar alternativas para garantir a produção. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar as trocas gasosas, os pigmentos fotossintéticos e o crescimento do milho sob salinidade da água de irrigação e aplicação de peróxido de hidrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, Pombal, PB, pertencente à Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2015, utilizando-se do híbrido de milho ‘AG 1051’. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,3 e 2,0 dS m-1) e cinco concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio (0, 40, 80, 160 e 320 µmol L-1) aplicadas via água de irrigação. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 2 × 5, com quatro repetições. A CEa de 2,0 dS m-1 reduz a transpiração, condutância estomática, clorofila total, carotenóides e crescimento inicial, mas não afeta o acúmulo de massa seca das plantas de milho. A aplicação de H2O2 via solo variando de 0 a 320 µmol L-1 promoveu redução na taxa de assimilação de CO2 e transpiração, bem como em concentrações de 0 a 160 µmol L-1 para condutância estomática de plantas irrigadas com CEa de 2,0 dS m-1. Aplicação de H2O2 via solo até a concentração de 320 µmol L-1 aumentou a altura de plantas, porém reduziu o diâmetro do colmo de milho.

ABSTRACT The salinity of irrigation water or soil is the abiotic factor that most negatively impacts the yield of crops, including green maize, so it is necessary to find alternatives to ensure production. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of maize under salinity of irrigation water and application of hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was conducted at the Center of Sciences and Agrifood Technology, Pombal, PB, belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande, in the period from January to February 2015, using the maize hybrid ‘AG 1051’. The treatments consisted of two salinity levels of irrigation water (0.3 and 2.0 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 40, 80, 160, and 320 µmol L-1) applied via irrigation water. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates. ECw of 2.0 dS m-1 reduces transpiration, stomatal conductance, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and initial growth, but does not affect the dry mass accumulation of maize plants. Application of H2O2 via soil varying from 0 to 320 µmol L-1 causes reductions in the CO2 assimilation rate and transpiration, as well as at concentrations from 0 to 160 µmol L-1 for stomatal conductance of plants irrigated with ECw of 2.0 dS m-1. Application of H2O2 via soil up to a concentration of 320 µmol L-1 increases the plant height, but reduces culm diameter of maize.

ABSTRACT The use of agroindustrial byproducts in cattle diets, such as castor-bean (Ricinus communis L.) meal, is a more sustainable practice because it does not compete with human food and reduces the volume of organic waste deposited in the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of replacing soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) meal with castor-bean meal on the intake, digestibility, feeding behavior and performance of crossbred steers supplemented while on Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster ‘Marandu’ pasture. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete design with 40 animals, which started the experiment weighing 227.1 kg, at 10 mo of age, and were divided into four treatment groups. Castor-bean meal was added to replace soybean meal at the levels of 0, 90, 180, and 280 g kg-1 in the supplement, which was supplied at the rate of 0.4% of body weight. Total DM, pasture DM and neutral detergent fiber intakes did not change (P > 0.05) with the castor-bean levels added to the supplement. Ether extract intake and digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.05). The animals showed no differences (P > 0.05) in production performance (average daily gain), which averaged 0.65 kg d-1. Grazing, idle, and rumination times were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the treatments. Castor-bean meal can be included up to 280 g kg-1 in the total diet without changing the performance of crossbred steers finished on tropical pasture.

RESUMO Considerando a crescente demanda pela manga para atender ao mercado nacional e internacional e a competitividade entre os mercados produtores, o uso de novos produtos e técnicas de manejo que melhore o potencial produtivo nas áreas irrigadas do nordeste brasileiro pode ser uma importante ferramenta para sustentabilidade do cultivo da mesma. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de doses e períodos de aplicação de cálcio proveniente das algas marinhas Lithothamnium via fertirrigação, em dois ciclos de produção da mangueira ‘Palmer’ no semiárido brasileiro. O experimento foi conduzido na fazenda Saúde, localizada no Projeto Senador Nilo Coelho N-09, na cidade de Petrolina, PE. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial de 5 × 4 × 2, sendo cinco doses de Lithothamnium via fertirrigação (0; 5; 10; 15 e 20 L ha-1), quatro períodos de aplicação (30; 60; 90 e 120 dias após a floração) em dois ciclos de produção, com três blocos, totalizando 120 parcelas. As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de frutos comerciais e de manguitos por planta, peso médio dos frutos comerciais e de manguitos, e produção comercial de frutos. A dose de 12 L por planta de cálcio proveniente do Lithothamnium proporciona um incremento de 20% na produtividade da mangueira ‘Palmer’ no Vale do Submédio do São Francisco. A aplicação do cálcio proveniente do Lithothamnium deve ser realizada do início até 30 dias após a floração da mangueira ‘Palmer’, no Vale do Submédio São Francisco. O efeito da aplicação do cálcio proveniente das algas marinhas Lithothamnium sobre a produção da mangueira ‘Palmer’ varia em função das doses e dos ciclos produtivos.

ABSTRACT Considering the growing demand for mango to meet the national and international market and the competitiveness among the producing markets, the use of new products and management techniques that improve the potential production in the irrigated areas of the Brazilian northeast can be an important tool for the sustainability of its cultivation. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of doses and periods of application of calcium from Lithothamnium seaweed via fertigation, in two production cycles of ‘Palmer’ mango in the Brazilian semiarid region. The experiment was conducted at the Saúde farm, located in the Projeto Senador Nilo Coelho N-09, in the city of Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 × 4 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five doses of Lithothamnium via fertigation (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 L ha-1), four periods of application (30, 60, 90 and 120 days after flowering) and two production cycles, with three blocks, totaling 120 plots. The variables evaluated were: number of marketable fruits and parthenocarpic fruits per plant, average weight of marketable fruits and parthenocarpic fruits, and marketable fruit production. Application of 12 L per plant of calcium from Lithothamnium promotes a 20% increase in ‘Palmer’ mango yield in the Sub-middle São Francisco Valley. Calcium from Lithothamnium should be applied from the beginning up to 30 days after flowering of ‘Palmer’ mango in the Sub-middle São Francisco Valley. The effect of the application of calcium from Lithothamnium seaweed on ‘Palmer’ mango production varies according to doses and production cycles.

Resumo Introdução A relação entre a intensidade da apneia obstrutiva do sono e alterações esqueléticas da face e do hioide em crianças é pouco explorada na literatura. Objetivo Avaliar se a intensidade da apneia obstrutiva do sono correlaciona-se às alterações craniofaciais e ao posicionamento do osso hioide em crianças em fase de dentição mista. Método Foram submetidas 76 crianças entre 7 e 10 anos à avaliação otorrinolaringológica, polissonografia e avaliação ortodôntica, inclusive cefalometria. Os participantes foram divididos em 3 grupos: grupo 1 com ronco primário, grupo 2 com apneia obstrutiva do sono leve e grupo 3 com apneia obstrutiva do sono moderada/grave. Foram analisadas medidas cefalométricas da face e do osso hioide. Essas medidas foram comparadas entre si dentro dos diferentes grupos por teste t de Student não pareado. Além disso, essas medidas foram correlacionadas com a variável índice de apneias obstrutivas e hipopneias do paciente através do teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultados Das 76 crianças, 14 constituíram o grupo 1, ronco primário; 46 o grupo 2, apneia obstrutiva do sono leve; e 16 o grupo 3, apneia obstrutiva do sono moderada/grave. Não se observou diferença significante entre os grupos para as variáveis craniofaciais. Observou-se maior distância do osso hioide ao plano mandibular nos dois grupos com apneia obstrutiva do sono quando comparado ao ronco primário (p < 0,05). Entre os dois subgrupos da apneia obstrutiva do sono, os pacientes com doença moderada ou grave apresentaram distância horizontal entre o hioide e a parede posterior da faringe significantemente menor (p < 0,05), quando comparados aos grupos com apneia obstrutiva do sono leve. Observamos ainda correlação significantemente positiva entre índice de apneias obstrutivas e hipopneias e a distância do hioide ao plano mandibular (p < 0,05) e significantemente negativa entre índice de apneias obstrutivas e hipopneias e distância horizontal do hioide com a parede posterior da faringe (p < 0,01). Conclusão Não observamos relação da apneia obstrutiva do sono com alterações lineares laterais da face. Em contraste, existe relação direta entre a gravidade da apneia obstrutiva do sono e a posição inferior e posterior do osso hioide em crianças entre 7 e 10 anos.

Abstract Introduction The association between the intensity of obstructive sleep apnea and skeletal alterations in the face and hyoid bone is still scarcely addressed in the literature. Objective To evaluate whether the intensity of obstructive sleep apnea is associated with craniofacial alterations and the position of the hyoid bone in children with mixed dentition. Methods 76 children aged 7 to 10 years old were examined by otorhinolaryngological evaluation, polysomnography, and orthodontic assessment, including cephalometry. The participants were divided in 3 groups: primary snoring, mild obstructive sleep apnea and moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. Cephalometric measures of the face and hyoid bone were assessed. These measures were compared among the different groups by unpaired Student's t test. Moreover, these measures were correlated with the patient's obstructive apnea and hypopnea index variable using Pearson's correlation test. Results Of the 76 children, 14 belonged to group 1, with primary snoring; 46 to group 2, with mild obstructive sleep apnea; and 16 to group 3, with moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea. There was no difference between the groups regarding the craniofacial variables. Children with obstructive sleep apnea showed a longer distance from the hyoid bone to the mandibular plane when compared to the primary snoring group (p < 0.05). Between the two obstructive sleep apnea subgroups, patients with moderate or severe disease showed significantly shorter horizontal distance between the hyoid bone and the posterior pharyngeal wall (p < 0.05), when compared to the groups with mild obstructive sleep apnea. We also observed a significant positive correlation between obstructive apnea and hypopnea index and the distance from the hyoid to the mandibular plane (p < 0.05) as well as a significant negative association between obstructive apnea and hypopnea index and the horizontal distance from the hyoid to the posterior pharyngeal wall (p < 0.01). Conclusion We did not observe any association between obstructive sleep apnea and linear lateral alterations of the face. In contrast, there is a direct association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and the inferior and posterior position of the hyoid bone in children aged 7 to 10 years old.

Resumo Bactérias estão relacionadas a diferentes doenças bucais, como a cárie dentária e a doença periodontal. Assim, o controle e/ou erradicação de microrganismos e seus subprodutos é primordial para o sucesso dos tratamentos. Uma alternativa para diminuir a carga bacteriana é a utilização de extratos vegetais utilizados na medicina popular. A citotoxicidade e ação antimicrobiana de extratos de Cariniana rubra Gardinerex Miers, Senna martiniana H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan e Spiranthera odoratissima St. Hil. contra cepas de Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcusfaecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Agartibacter actinomycetencomitans e Candida albicans foram investigados. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada nas concentrações de 1, 10, 40, 80, 100 e 1000 μg/mL por meio do teste MTT. Aqueles com citotoxicidade aceitável tiveram a ação antimicrobiana medida pelo teste XTT. Cariniana rubra Gardinerex Miers apresentou os maiores resultados de citototoxicidade, enquanto Spiranthera odoratissima St. Hil. obteve os melhores resultados, mas todos os extratos apresentaram citotoxicidade aceitável em diferentes concentrações. Os extratos vegetais apresentaram maior atividade contra A. actinomycetencomitans: Anadenanthera columbrina (Vell.) Brenan (80,52%) a 40 μg/mL, Spiranthera odoratissima St. Hil (78,48%) em 1 μg/mL, Senna martiniana H.S. Irwin & Barneby (73,28%) na concentração de 40 μg/mL e Cariniana rubra Gardinerex Miers (70,50%) em 10 μg/mL. Todos os extratos analisados apresentaram citotoxicidade aceitável em diferentes concentrações e foram promissores na inibição dos microrganismos patogênicos estudados.

Abstract Bacteria are related do different oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Therefore, the control or/and eradication of microorganisms and their by-products is primordial for the success of their treatment. An alternative for decrease bacterial load is the use of plant extracts used in popular medicine. The cytotoxicity and antimicrobial action of extracts of Cariniana rubra Gardiner ex Miers, Senna martiniana, Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan and Spiranthera odoratissima St. Hil. against strains of Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aggregatibacter actinomyces- tencomitans and Candida albicans were investigated. Cytotoxicity was assessed at concentrations of 1, 10, 40, 80, 100 and 1000 μg/mL by means of the MTT test and compared to a control group with untreated cells. Those with acceptable cytotoxicity had the antimicrobial action measured by the XTT test. As a positive control, sodium hypochlorite was used. Cariniana rubra Gardiner ex Miers had the highest citototoxicity results while Spiranthera odoratissima St. Hil. had the best results, but all extracts showed acceptable cytotoxicity at different concentrations. The plant extracts showed higher activity against A. actinomycetencomitans: Anadenanthera columbrina (Vell.) Brenan (80.52%) at 40 μg/mL, Spiranthera odoratissima St. Hil (78.48%) in 1 μg/mL, Senna martiniana (73.28%) in the concentration of 40 μg/mL and Cariniana rubra Gardiner ex Miers (70.50%) in 10 μg/mL. All extracts analyzed showed acceptable cytotoxicity at different concentrations and were promising for inhibition of the pathogenic microorganisms studied.

Abstract The present study was based on the analysis of 10,467 trawls of the industrial piramutaba (Brachyplatystoma vaillantii) fishing fleet of the Brazilian state of Pará, which were mapped by onboard GPS loggers (between February 2008 and September 2011) and the PREPS data from 40 vessels which were tracked by this system between 2008 and 2011. The variation in the mean monthly CPUE, based on Lomb’s periodogram, revealed a well-defined and constant cycle with a duration of approximately one year. Three environmental factors influenced this cycle. The El Niño 3.4 index had a negative correlation with the CPUE of the piramutaba fishery, with a time lag of 15 months, while monthly rainfall and the mean discharge of the Amazon River correlated strongly (r=0.89 and 0.87, respectively; p<0.001) with the CPUE, with time lags of 12 and 11 months, respectively. The spatiotemporal analysis of the distribution of the activity of the piramutaba fishing fleet indicated that the most intense area of operation of the fleet lies between latitudes 00º N and 02° N, and longitudes 047º40’ W and 049º40’ W. This area was divided into four geographic quadrants, although fishery operations were concentrated in only three of these quadrants. The study proposed a quadrimester fishing cycle with zoning in three of the quadrants, where fishing would be permitted for four months (occupation period), followed by an 8-month rest period for the recuperation of stocks, aiming at the sustainability of this fishing exploration.

ABSTRACT Objective To develop and validate a high-risk predictive model that identifies, at least, one common adverse event in older population: early readmission (up to 30 days after discharge), long hospital stays (10 days or more) or in-hospital deaths. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study including patients aged 60 years or older (n=340) admitted at a 630-beds tertiary hospital, located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A predictive model of high-risk indication was developed by analyzing logistical regression models. This model prognostic capacity was assessed by measuring accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve with 95% confidence intervals were also obtained to assess the discriminatory power of the model. Internal validation of the prognostic model was performed in a separate sample (n=168). Results Statistically significant predictors were identified, such as current Barthel Index, number of medications in use, presence of diabetes mellitus, difficulty chewing or swallowing, extensive surgery, and dementia. The study observed discrimination model acceptance in the construction sample 0.77 (95% confidence interval: 0.71-0.83) and good calibration. The characteristics of the validation samples were similar, and the receiver operating characteristic curve area was 0.687 (95% confidence interval: 0.598-0.776). We could assess an older patient’s adverse health events during hospitalization after admission. Conclusion A predictive model with acceptable discrimination was obtained, with satisfactory results for early readmission (30 days), long hospital stays (10 days), or in-hospital death.

Abstract Health professionals working to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic are one of the main risk groups for the disease, being prioritized for vaccination. Considering this, the aim of this study was to analyze the immune response of these professionals immunized with CoronaVac in the first and second doses. Blood samples were collected after the first and second doses of the vaccine (CoronaVac) and used to investigate hematological and biochemical parameters, analysis of immunoglobulin production, cytokines, and gene expression profile, as well as the identification of subsets of immune cells. Post-first dose immunological phenotypic memory (CD27+) profiles (T CD4+, TCD8+ and CD19+) showed a significant increase, as did Monocyte APCs (CD80+HLA-DR+) in relation to the second dose. The cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-° showed increased values in relation to the other analyzed cytokines. The Th2/Th17 profile in the second dose was characterized by gene expression analysis. The production of IgM and IgG after vaccination showed statistically significant values in the comparison between doses. CoronaVac showed activation of APCs monocytes, memory response of T and B lymphocytes, with immunoglobulins production. This set of responses is characterized by the Th2/Th17 immunological profile.