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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is a complex vector-borne infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites in the genus Leishmania and spread by hematophagous phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae). The aim of this study was to investigate the phlebotomine fauna, endophily and exophily of the species found, and possible influence of climatic factors on their populations. METHODS: The study was conducted in the Xakriabá Indigenous Reserve (XIR) in the municipality of São João das Missões in northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Insects were collected over three consecutive nights in the last week of each month for 12 months from July 2015 to May 2016 from four houses in four different villages. Two traps were set up in each house: one in the intra-domicile and another in the peri-domicile. RESULTS: A total of 2,012 phlebotomine sand fly specimens representing 23 species and belonging to 10 different genera were captured and identified. Among the studied villages, Riacho do Brejo showed the highest density and diversity of phlebotomine sand flies. The species Lutzomyia longipalpis (80.3%) and Nyssomyia intermedia (7.3%), which are major vectors of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, had the highest population densities, both in the intra- and peri-domicile. No correlation was observed between climatic factors and the density of phlebotomine sand flies. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study may contribute to a better understanding and targeting of the measures for preventing and controlling leishmaniasis by the authorities responsible for indigenous health.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0474-2018 1671 downloads

Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Governador Valadares, a transmission area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in State of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Barata, Ricardo Andrade

; Paz, Gustavo Fontes

; Bastos, Marcela Cardoso

; Andrade, Roberta Christiane Oliveira

; Barros, Daniela Campos Mendes de

; Silva, Fabiana Oliveira Lara e

; Michalsky, Érika Monteiro

; Pinheiro, Aimara da Costa

; Dias, Edelberto Santos

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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apr 2011, Volume 44 N. 2 Pages 136 - 139

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

INTRODUÇÃO: Um estudo da fauna de flebotomíneos foi realizado em uma área endêmica para leishmaniose tegumentar americana no município de Governador Valadares, no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Capturas foram feitas com armadilhas luminosas HP em quatro bairros, três noites por mês, durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. A correlação entre fatores climáticos (temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e pluviosidade) e o número de flebotomíneos coletados foi avaliada. RESULTADOS: Foram capturados 5.413 espécimes de flebotomíneos, distribuídos em 12 espécies, sendo 2.851 (52%) fêmeas e 2.562 (48%) machos. CONCLUSÕES: Lutzomyia intermedia foi predominante com 29,9% das espécies capturadas, sugerindo ser a responsável pela transmissão de LTA, juntamente com L. whitmani, que também foi encontrada na região (4,3%). A presença de L. longipalpis (11,9%), principal vetor de LV no Brasil, é um dado relevante tornando-se necessário uma rigorosa vigilância entomológica na região.

INTRODUCTION: A study on the phlebotomine sandfly fauna was carried out in an endemic area for American tegumentary leishmaniasis in the municipality of Governador Valadares, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Captures were undertaken using HP light traps in four districts, on three nights per month, for one year (from January to December 2008). Correlations between climatic factors (temperature, relative air humidity and rainfall) and the numbers of sandflies collected was observed. RESULTS: 5,413 phlebotomine specimens were caught and were identified as belonging to 12 species. Of these specimens, 2,851 (52%) were females and 2,562 (48%) were males. CONCLUSIONS: Lutzomyia intermedia predominated (29.9% of the species caught), thus suggesting that they were responsible for transmission of American tegumentary leishmaniasis, together with L. whitmani, which was also found in the area (4.3%). The presence of L. longipalpis (11.9%), the main vector for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil, is an important finding, which makes rigorous entomological surveillance of the area necessary.

3892 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

Infecção natural de Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) por Leishmania infantum chagasi em flebotomíneos capturados no município de Janaúba, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Michalsky, Érika Monteiro

; Guedes, Karla de Sena

; Lara e Silva, Fabiana de Oliveira

; França-Silva, João Carlos

; Dias, Consuelo Latorre Fortes

; Barata, Ricardo Andrade

; Dias, Edelberto Santos

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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feb 2011, Volume 44 N. 1 Pages 58 - 62

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

INTRODUÇÃO: A leishmaniose visceral tem sido notificada em quase todos os estados do Brasil, e principalmente no norte de Minas Gerais, onde a doença é endêmica. Este estudo visou detectar a infecção natural de Lutzomyia longipalpis e identificar através da técnica de PCR/RFLP a espécie de Leishmania encontrada nos flebotomíneos do município de Janaúba. MÉTODOS: Utilizando-se armadilhas luminosas, foram capturadas 1.550 fêmeas de L. longipalpis, que agrupadas em pool de 10 exemplares foram submetidas à extração e amplificação de DNA, através das técnicas de PCR genérico e cacofonia. RESULTADOS: Dos 155 pools, seis apresentaram-se positivos para Leishmania sp., sendo a taxa de infecção do município de 3,9%. Através da PCR/RFLP determinou-se que o padrão de digestão das amostras positivas foi semelhante ao da cepa referência Leishmania chagasi (MHOM/BR/74/PP75). CONCLUSÕES: A detecção de infecção natural associada a estudos sobre a epidemiologia da LV sugere que L. longipalpis esteja envolvida na transmissão de L. infantum chagasi em Janaúba, principalmente nas áreas de intensa transmissão de LV.

INTRODUCTION: Visceral leishmaniasis has been notified in nearly all states of Brazil, and particularly in the north of Minas Gerais, where the disease is endemic. The aim of this study was to detect natural infection of Lutzomyia longipalpis and, through the PCR/RFLP technique, identify Leishmania species found in sandflies in the municipality of Janaúba. METHODS: Using light traps, 1,550 females of L. longipalpis were caught and grouped into pools of 10 specimens to be subjected to DNA extraction and amplification, by means of generic PCR and cacophony. RESULTS: Out of the 155 pools, six were positive for Leishmania sp., and thus the infection rate in the municipality was 3.9%. Through PCR/RFLP, the digestion pattern among the positive samples was found to be similar to that of the reference strain of Leishmania chagasi (MHOM/BR/74/PP75). CONCLUSIONS: The detection of natural infection associated with studies on the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis suggests that L. longipalpis is involved in transmission of L. infantum chagasi in Janaúba, particularly in areas of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis.

5969 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

Endoscope reprocessing using glutaraldehyde in endoscopy services of Goiânia, Brazil
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Barbosa, Jackeline Maciel

; Souza, Adenicía Custódia Silva

; Tipple, Anaclara Ferreira Veiga

; Pimenta, Fabiana Cristina

; Leão, Lara Stefania Netto de Oliveira

; Silva, Silvia Rita Marin Caninni

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia

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sep 2010, Volume 47 N. 3 Pages 219 - 224

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

CONTEXTO: A segurança do procedimento endoscópico depende do uso de um aparelho adequadamente reprocessado e a qualidade do reprocessamento está relacionada a cada uma das etapas operacionais desse processo. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o reprocessamento de endoscópios pelo uso do glutaraldeído em serviços de endoscopia. MÉTODOS: Estudo conduzido em 20 serviços de endoscopia digestiva do município de Goiânia, GO. A amostra se constituiu de endoscópios utilizados para endoscopia digestiva alta. Os dados foram obtidos mediante observação direta de 60 reprocessamentos de endoscópios. Resultado - Foram observadas falhas em todas as etapas do reprocessamento. Em 24 (40,0%) endoscópios foi realizada a pré-lavagem. Na etapa da limpeza, foi identificado o uso inadequado do detergente enzimático e em 27 (45,0%) não foi realizada a escovação dos canais internos. Todos os 60 endoscópios foram submetidos ao desinfetante, entretanto para 33 (55,0%) não foi aspirado o produto nos canais internos. O tempo de exposição ao glutaraldeído foi observado apenas para 12 (20%) dos endoscópios. O enxágue de 54 (90,0%) dos endoscópios ocorreu com o uso de água não-filtrada e, para a secagem dos canais internos, apenas 6 (10,0%) utilizaram o ar comprimido. Foram identificadas condições adequadas para o armazenamento. CONCLUSÃO: Considerando as particularidades do reprocessamento dos endoscópios é imperativo estabelecer protocolos para assegurar a qualidade da desinfecção e a prevenção da contaminação cruzada.

CONTEXT: The endoscopic procedure safety depends on the use of an adequately reprocessed device which quality is related to each of its operational steps. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the reprocessing of endoscopes using glutaraldehyde in endoscopy services METHODS: Study was conducted by observing the reprocessing of 60 endoscopes from 20 medical practices of the municipality of Goiânia, GO, central area of Brazil. RESULTS: This study showed failure in all reprocessing steps. The pre-washing was performed in 24 (40.0%) of the endoscope. In the cleaning steps, was identify the improper use of enzymatic detergent, and in 27 (45.0%) cases, the brushing of internal channels was not performed. All 60 endoscopes were submitted to this disinfectant. However, for 33 (55.0%) of the cases the internal channels was not filled. The total immersion of endoscope in the glutaraldehyde was not performed in 39 (65.0%) cases. The recommended minimum total immersion time for exposure to 2% glutaraldehyde solution was followed only for 12 (20.0%) endoscopes. There was no filter for water treatment used in the rinse of most endoscopes 54 (90.0%) and to dry the internal channels only 6 (10.0%) of them used compressed air. Adequate storing conditions were identified. CONCLUSION: Considering the particularities of the endoscope and its reprocessing, it is imperative to establish protocols to ensure the quality of the disinfection and the prevention of cross-contamination.

5513 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

Nasopharyngeal Gram-negative bacilli colonization in Brazilian children attending day-care centers
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Lima, Ana Beatriz Mori

; Leão, Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira

; Oliveira, Luciana Silva da Cruz

; Pimenta, Fabiana Cristina

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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mar 2010, Volume 41 N. 1 Pages 24 - 27

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study aimed at determining prevalence and resistance profile of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from nasopharynx of children attending day-care centers in Goiânia (Brazil). P. aeruginosa (100.0%), E. coli (50.0%), K. pneumoniae (35.3%), and E. aerogenes (16.7%) were the most frequent multi-drug resistant microorganisms isolated. No production of ESBL was detected.

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Microbiota das mãos de mães e de profissionais de saúde de uma maternidade de Goiânia
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Palos, Marinésia Aparecida Prado

; Silva, Dayana Vilas Boas

; Gir, Elucir

; Canini, Silvia Rita Marin da Silva

; Anders, Patrícia Stanciarini

; Leão, Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira

; Pimenta, Fabiana Cristina

Revista Eletrônica de Enfermagem

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sep 2009, Volume 11 N. 3 Pages 573 - 578

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

This descriptive study was carried out at a maternity of a University Hospital in Goiânia-Goiás, Brazil, between April and October of 2003. It aimed to identify the hand microbiota of mothers and health professionals delivering care to newborns. The study population consisted of all active health workers and the mothers receiving care at the service during the study period. From the hands of 31 subjects (15 mothers and 16 health professionals), Gram-positive organisms, Gram-negative rods and yeasts were isolated. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus e negative-coagulase, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter sp, Hafnia alvei, Serratia sp and Arizona sp, which literature has appointed as being associated with outbreaks of hospital infection in child-care and rooming-in units. This reveals the urgent need to elaborate permanent education programs for professionals and health service users about the importance of hand washing as a tool to prevent infection and guarantee quality care to newborns.

Se trata de un estudio descriptivo realizado en una maternidad de un Hospital Universitario de Goiânia-Goiás, Brasil, entre abril y octubre de 2003, con objeto de identificar la microbiota de las manos de madres y de profesionales del área de la salud que cuidan de recién-nacidos. La población del estudio fue compuesta por todos los trabajadores del área de la salud que estaban en ejercicio activo, y por las madres que estaban recibiendo atención en el servicio durante el período del estudio. De las manos de 31 sujetos (15 madres y 16 profesionales de salud) fueron aislados cocos Gram-positivos, bastones Gram-negativos y levaduras, siendo que los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados fueron: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus e coagulase negativo, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter sp, Hafnia alvei, Serratia sp e Arizona sp, los cuales han sido indicados en la literatura como asociados a irrupciones de infección hospitalaria en nidos y alojamiento conjunto. Así, se vuelve urgente la elaboración de programas de educación permanente para profesionales y usuarios de los servicios de salud sobre la importancia de la higienización de las manos, como herramienta para prevenir infección y garantizar una atención de calidad a los recién-nacidos.

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado em uma maternidade de um Hospital Universitário de Goiânia-Goiás realizado de abril a outubro de 2003, cujo objetivo foi identificar a microbiota das mãos de mães e de profissionais da área da saúde que cuidam de recém-nascidos. A população do estudo foi composta por todos os trabalhadores da área da saúde que estavam em exercício ativo, e pelas mães que estavam em atendimento no serviço; durante o período do estudo. Das mãos de 31 sujeitos (15 mães e 16 profissionais de saúde) foram isolados cocos Gram-positivos, bastonetes Gram-negativos e leveduras, sendo que os microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados foram: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus e coagulase negativo, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter sp, Hafnia alvei, Serratia sp e Arizona sp, os quais têm sido apontados na literatura como associados a surtos de infecção hospitalar em berçários e alojamento conjunto. Assim torna-se premente a elaboração de programas de educação permanente para profissionais e usuários dos serviços de saúde sobre a importância da higienização das mãos, como ferramenta para prevenir infecção e assegurar uma assistência de qualidade aos recém-nascidos.

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Phlebotominae distribution in Janaúba, an area of transmission for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil
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Michalsky, Érika Monteiro

; França-Silva, João Carlos

; Barata, Ricardo Andrade

; Lara e Silva, Fabiana de Oliveira

; Loureiro, Angélica Marciano Fernandes

; Fortes-Dias, Consuelo Latorre

; Dias, Edelberto Santos

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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feb 2009, Volume 104 N. 1 Pages 56 - 61

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In Brazil, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by Leishmania chagasi parasites that are transmitted to man through the bites of infected females of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. In order to evaluate transmission risk and to clarify the epidemiology of this tropical disease, studies focused on the vector and favorable environmental conditions are of fundamental importance. In this work, we surveyed the phlebotomine sand fly fauna in Janaúba, a Brazilian municipality that is endemic for VL. During a two-year period, entomological captures were performed monthly in 15 districts with high, moderate and low profiles of VL transmission. A total of 14,591 phlebotomine sand flies were captured (92% L. longipalpis), with a predominance of males. Most specimens were captured in the peri-domicile setting, although the number of specimens captured in the intra-domicile setting emphasises the anthropophilic behaviour of this insect. The population density of L. longipalpis was modulated by climate variations, particularly with clear increases immediately after the rainy season. However, the pattern of distribution did not coincide with the occurrence of human or canine cases of VL. This suggests that the eco-epidemiology of VL is particular to each area of transmission and must be taken into account during the design of public health control actions.

3697 downloads Cited 14 times in SciELO

Fenotipagem de bactérias isoladas em hemoculturas de pacientes críticos
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Leão, Lara Stefânia Netto de Oliveira

; Passos, Xisto Sena

; Reis, Cleomenes

; Valadão, Lêda Maria Almeida

; Silva, Maria do Rosário Rodrigues

; Pimenta, Fabiana Cristina

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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oct 2007, Volume 40 N. 5 Pages 537 - 540

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As infecções da corrente sangüínea representam uma grave complicação dos pacientes críticos, sendo a detecção de patógenos microbianos em hemoculturas um importante recurso diagnóstico. Esse estudo objetivou isolar e caracterizar bactérias do sangue de pacientes admitidos na unidade clínica de terapia intensiva de um hospital universitário, no período de abril/2003 a abril/2004. As bactérias isoladas foram identificadas por provas bioquímicas/enzimáticas e a detecção do perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos pelo método de difusão em disco. Foram avaliadas 304 hemoculturas de 195 pacientes, sendo que 49 (16,1%) apresentaram desenvolvimento microbiano. A espécie predominante foi Pseudomonas stutzeri (18,2%). Os cocos Gram-positivos e as enterobactérias apresentaram maior resistência à ampicilina; vancomicina e linezolida foram os agentes mais ativos para cocos Gram-positivos e as carbapenemas para bastonetes Gram-negativos. Devido ao impacto das infecções da corrente sangüínea no contexto hospitalar, estudos adicionais são necessários para subsidiar medidas de prevenção e controle.

Bloodstream infections are a serious complication among critical patients. The detection of microbial pathogens in blood cultures is an important diagnostic tool. This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria from the blood of patients admitted to the clinical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital, between April 2003 and April 2004. The bacteria isolated were identified by biochemical/enzymatic tests and detection of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile using the disk diffusion method. A total of 304 blood cultures from 195 patients were evaluated. Forty-nine (16.1%) of the blood cultures presented microbe development. The predominant species was Pseudomonas stutzeri (18.2%). Gram-positive cocci and enterobacteria showed greater resistance to ampicillin; vancomycin and linezolid were the most active agents for Gram-positive cocci and carbapenems for Gram-negative rods. Because of the impact of bloodstream infection within the hospital context, additional studies are needed in order to give backing for prevention and control measures.

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