ABSTRACT In this work, magnesium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol-gel route and their ecotoxicity was tested in worms of the Eisenia andrei species. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, surface area via BET, TEM and SEM-FEG/EDS. The lethality test with Eisenia andrei earthworm species followed the recommendations of ISO 11268-1 (ISO, 2012) in a completely randomized design with six replicates for each concentration tested (1.06, 2.12, 4.24, 8.48 and 16.96 μg of NPs-MgO/kg of soil), plus the control. The concentrations were mixed to the tropical natural soils, Entisol Typic Quartzipsamments and Oxisol, with no agricultural use history. The morphological and structural analyses of the nanoparticles indicated the formation of magnesium oxide with cubic structure, constituting agglomerates of nanostructures of the order of 20 to 50 nm. The results of toxicity were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA One-way), followed by the Dunnett test (p <0.05). Based on standardized toxicological tests it was found that NPs-MgO, at the concentrations tested, did not affect the survival of Eisenia andrei species in the natural soils studied.

RESUMO A implantação do sistema de sucessão de culturas, possibilitando a inserção de espécies vegetais antagonistas ou não hospedeiras à patógenos da soja no período de entressafra, é uma alternativa sustentável em sistemas de cultivo. Neste contexto, recomenda-se cuidado na seleção de plantas de sucessão que não possibilitem a multiplicação de nematoides, especialmente, os parasitas da soja, Pratylenchus brachyurus e Meloidogyne javanica. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial de redução da população de P. brachyurus e M. javanica, pelo cultivo de espécies utilizadas em sucessão com a soja, comparando-as com o crambe. Sementes de soja cv. 5909RR Nidera foram semeadas em vasos com capacidade para 18 L e após 15 dias foram inoculadas, em experimentos separados, com 1000 espécimes de P. brachyurus e 3000 ovos e eventuais juvenis de segundo estádio (J2) de M. javanica. Aos 60 dias da inoculação, a parte aérea das plantas foi descartada e as culturas de sucessão (milho cv. IPR114, feijão cv. IPR Tangará, nabo forrageiro, aveia-preta cv. IAPAR 61 e crambe cv. MS Brilhante) foram semeadas. As plantas foram cultivadas por 90 dias, quando a parte aérea foi cortada, semeando-se novamente a soja, a qual foi cultivada por mais 60 dias. No final desse período, as plantas foram retiradas dos vasos para determinação de parâmetros vegetativos e nematológicos na soja. A introdução do crambe no sistema de sucessão de culturas reduziu a população de P. brachyurus. A reprodução de M. javanica foi menor na sucessão com o crambe quando comparado com os demais sistemas, entretanto o mesmo apresentou elevado fator de reprodução.

ABSTRACT Crop succession system implementation, which allows the introduction of plant species that are antagonists or non-hosts for soybean pathogens during the intercrop period, is a sustainable alternative in crop systems. Thus, careful selection of succession plants is recommended to ensure that they do not allow the proliferation of nematodes, especially the soybean parasites Pratylenchus brachyurus and Meloidogyne javanica. The aim of this study was to assess P. brachyurus and M. javanica population reduction potential by growing species in succession with soybean, comparing them to crambe. Soybean seeds cv. 5909RR Nidera were sown in 18-L pots, and after fifteen days inoculations were performed in separate experiments, with 1000 specimens of P. brachyurus and 3000 eggs and possible second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. At 60 days after inoculation, the shoot of soybean plants was discarded, and the succession crops (maize cv. IPR114, bean cv. IPR Tangará, oilseed radish, black oat cv. IAPAR 61 and crambe cv. MS Brilhante) were sown. Plants were cultivated for 90 days, when the shoot was removed, and soybean cultivar was sown again and cultivated for additional 60 days. At the end of this period, plants were removed from the pots for determination of vegetative and nematological parameters for soybean. Crambe introduction in the crop succession system effectively reduced P. brachyurus population. M. javanica reproduction was lower for crambe compared to the remaining systems, but its reproductive factor was high.