ABSTRACT Introduction: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have shown positive renal outcomes in diabetic patients. There is also emerging evidence in non-diabetic patients. This review was conducted to analyse the renal outcomes of SGLT2i in patients without diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A systematic review was performed in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) compliant manner. We included only randomized trials that examined the effect of SGLT2i on renal outcomes in non-diabetic patients. Results: A total of ten randomized trials were included with a combined cohort of 26 298 patients. There was a tendency for lesser risk of adverse renal outcomes in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) (hazard ratio (HR) 0.50-0.71). Lesser effect on adverse renal outcomes was seen in HF patients with preserved EF (HR 0.95). For both preserved and reduced EF HF, there was a statistically significant reduction in the rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p<0.001). On a short follow-up, there was a significant reversible reduction in GFR. In the long term, chronic kidney disease (CKD) proteinuric patients had a statistically significant lesser risk of adverse renal outcomes (p<0.001) and a significant reduction in albuminuria (p=0.0016). CKD patients, including non-proteinuric, had a significant reduction in the rate of kidney disease progression (HR = 0.71). Conclusion: Treatment with SGLT2i significantly reduces the rate of kidney disease progression in CKD non-diabetic patients with eGFR ≥ 20 mL/min/1.73 m2. Benefit seems greater in proteinuric patients. Benefit for eGFR < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, dialysis and kidney transplant patients is yet to be defined.

Abstract The constraints of the pandemic challenged the characteristics of proximity and physical contact of Physical Education (PE), which may have led to the reinvention of the subject. However, in the Portuguese context, we have little knowledge about the extent of these constraints, particularly in the relationship of interdependence between the practices of teaching, assessment, and learning. The reconfiguration of these practices resulted from the expectations of upstream entities, which affected the PE teachers’ actions. However, little is known about the relationship between those recommendations and the school’s reality, compared to what was foreseen in the curriculum for normal conditions. This knowledge is relevant for the post-pandemic intervention and educational intentionality. In order to fill this empty field, we implemented an investigation to access the practices of teaching, assessment and learning recomended by the PE representative entities and adopted by teachers, depending on the pandemic period. It falls within the interpretative paradigm, with a qualitative approach in the modality of basic interpretative study. Data was collected by documental analysis and interviews with semi-structured script and treated by content analysis. The results suggest that the teaching practices were disaggregated and lost reciprocity; and that the expectations of the entities were misaligned with the needs of teachers in the context. Thus, PE, sensitive to the pandemic situation, became desensitized, due to the loss of relationships between teaching, assessment, and learning. Also, PE became deprojected because it lost elements of its curricular project and its educational projection. These results may contribute to consolidate the marginalization of PE and advises the reconnection between teaching, assessment, and learning.

Resumo As restrições da pandemia desafiaram as caraterísticas de proximidade e contacto físico da Educação Física (EF), o que poderá ter levado à reinvenção da disciplina. Contudo, no contexto português, temos pouco conhecimento da medida dessas limitações, em particular na relação de interdependência entre as práticas letivas de ensino, avaliação e aprendizagem. E a reconfiguração dessas práticas não nasceu do vazio, mas decorreu de expectativas de entidades a montante, que afetaram a ação dos docentes. Porém, também se conhece pouco acerca da relação entre esse aconselhamento e a realidade do terreno, em face ao que estava previsto nos programas para condições de normalidade. Esse conhecimento será relevante para a intervenção e intencionalidade educativa do pós-pandemia e, no objetivo de preencher este vazio, implementamos uma investigação para aceder às práticas letivas de ensino, avaliação e aprendizagem aconselhadas pelas entidades representativas da EF e adotadas pelos professores, em função do período pandémico. Inscreve-se no paradigma interpretativo, com abordagem qualitativa e na modalidade de estudo interpretativo de base, com os dados recolhidos por análise documental e entrevista com guião semiestruturado e tratados por análise de conteúdo. Os resultados sugerem que as práticas letivas foram desagregadas e perderam reciprocidade; e que as expectativas das entidades foram desajustadas face às necessidades dos professores no contexto. Assim, a EF, sensível à situação pandémica, dessensibilizou-se, devido à perda de relações entre o ensino, a avaliação e a aprendizagem; e desprojetou-se, porque perdeu elementos do seu projeto curricular e a sua projeção educativa; o que pode contribuir para consolidar a marginalização da EF e aconselha à reconexão entre o ensino, a avaliação e a aprendizagem.

Abstract This study sought to understand the development of Physical Education (PE) teaching work in early childhood education institutions in the cities of Grande Vitória (Espirito Santo, Brazil), and also to analyze the relationships established with official educational policies, the knowledge in the area of PE included in these documents, and the teaching of content related to education that was oriented to ethnic-racial relations in childhood. The research was methodologically guided by Activity Analysis based on Ergology (Schwartz, 2000; Schwartz and Durrive, 2007). The results indicate a distance between the official guidelines of early childhood education, Physical Education teachers and ethnic-racial knowledge. On the other hand, teachers rely heavily on experiential knowledge linked to their life trajectories and childhood to develop teaching activity in early childhood education.

Resumo Este estudo buscou compreender o desenvolvimento do trabalho docente da Educação Física (EF) nas instituições de educação infantil dos municípios da Grande Vitória /ES, bem como analisou as relações que estabelecem com as políticas educacionais oficiais, os saberes da área da EF contidos nesses documentos e o ensino da temática referente à educação para as relações étnico-raciais na infância. A pesquisa foi metodologicamente orientada pela Análise da Atividade com base na Ergologia (Schwartz, 2000; Schwartz e Durrive, 2007). Os resultados indicam o distanciamento entre as diretrizes oficiais da educação infantil, os docentes de Educação Física e aos conteúdos étnico-raciais. Por outro lado, os/as docentes ancoram-se em grande medida aos saberes experienciais ligados às suas trajetórias de vida e à infância para desenvolver a atividade docente na Educação Infantil.

Resumen El propóleo es una resina que elaboran las abejas Apis mellifera a partir de los exudados de la vegetación. Las propiedades biológicas han sido documentadas. Este estudio evaluó la composición química, actividad antioxidante (con radicales DPPH y ABTS), actividad antihemolítica, antiinflamatoria (sobre eritrocitos humanos) y antibacteriana en Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus y Sallmonella typhimurium en extractos etanólicos de propóleos de sur de Sonora, México. La composición química fue de 16.36 ± 1.93 mg EAG/PS y 42.96 mg EQ/PS de fenoles y flavonoides, respectivamente. Los radicales DPPH y ABTS mostraron valores de 75.65 ± 3.76 y 29.61 ± 0.01 mg ET/gPS respectivamente. Los extractos protegieron hasta en un 49.56 % de la hemólisis por el radical y previnieron la inflamación por arriba del 49 %. Todos los extractos de propóleos mostraron actividad antibacteriana con halos de inhibición de 8 a 11.3 mm y CMI de 1 y 2 mg de extracto/mL. Los resultados obtenidos son la base para el estudio de formulaciones naturales con propóleos del sur de Sonora.

Abstract Propolis is a resin made by Apis mellifera bees from vegetation exudates. Biological properties have been documented. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from southern Sonora, Mexico propolis. The concentration of total phenols and flavonoids was measured. Antioxidant activity was measured and antihemolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of human erythrocytes was determined. In addition, the activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium bacteria was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts presented concentrations of 16.36 ± 1.93 mg EAG/gPS and 42.96 mg EQ/gPS of phenols and flavonoids, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radicals showed values of 75.65 ± 3.76 and 29.61 ± 0.01 mg ET/gPS respectively, the extracts protected up to 49.56% from hemolysis and prevent cell inflammation up 49%. They also presented antibacterial activity against all the strains evaluated, showing inhibition halos of 8 to 11.3 mm and MIC of 1 and 2 mg of extract/mL. The results are the basis for the study of natural formulations with propolis from southern Sonora.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar os efeitos da educação ao paciente (EP) em pacientes com disfunções musculoesqueléticas do membro superior (MS) para os desfechos de dor e/ou funcionalidade. Dois revisores realizaram independentemente buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SciELO e LILACS, considerando o período desde o início das publicações nessas bases até abril de 2021. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados com seres humanos com disfunções musculoesqueléticas no MS; que tenham realizado intervenção com EP; e com desfechos de dor e/ou funcionalidade. Os revisores, separadamente, determinaram a elegibilidade dos estudos, extraíram dados e avaliaram a qualidade metodológica por meio da escala PEDro. Oito estudos foram incluídos nesta revisão, totalizando 603 participantes. A EP teve resultados superiores em três dos estudos no alívio da dor e/ou melhora da função em relação ao grupo comparativo. Sugere-se que a EP é mais eficaz quando associada a exercícios.

ABSTRACT This study verifies the effects of patient education (PE) in patients with musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb (UL) on pain and/or functionality. The PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SciELO, and LILACS databases were independently searched by two reviewers, from the beginning of the publications until April 2021. We included randomized clinical trials with individuals with musculoskeletal disorders of the UL with pain and/or functionality outcomes, who have undergone intervention with PE. Reviewers independently determined study eligibility, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality using the PEDro scale. We included eight studies, totaling 603 participants. Compared to the controlled group, the PE intervention showed better results in three studies for pain relief and/or functionality improvement. Apparently, PE is more effective when combined with exercise.

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar los efectos de la educación del paciente (EP) en individuos con trastornos musculoesqueléticos del miembro superior (MS) sobre los resultados de dolor y/o funcionalidad. Dos revisores realizaron búsquedas de forma independiente en las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, SciELO y LILACS, desde el comienzo de las publicaciones en estas bases hasta abril de 2021. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados con seres humanos con trastornos musculoesqueléticos en el MS; que han sido intervenidos con EP; y con resultados de dolor y/o funcionalidad. Los revisores determinaron de forma independiente la elegibilidad del estudio, extrajeron los datos y evaluaron la calidad metodológica mediante la escala PEDro. En esta revisión se incluyeron ocho estudios con un total de 603 participantes. La EP tuvo resultados superiores en tres de los estudios en cuanto al alivio del dolor o la mejora de la función en el grupo comparativo. Aparentemente, la EF es más efectiva cuando se combina con ejercicio.

Resumen Introducción: En los pacientes con DCPT, la disfunción ventricular es inevitable, y más temprana en VU derechos. La deformación miocárdica por STE y RMC-FT parece promisoria. Objetivo: Analizar la función ventricular mediante STE y RMC-FT en pacientes con DCPT, en comparación con RMC convencional según la morfología del VU y la posible implicación en su diagnóstico temprano. Método: Se recogieron medidas del strain longitudinal y circunferencial por STE y RMC-FT, volúmenes ventriculares y FE por RMC en 64 pacientes con DCPT. Resultados: La morfología ventricular no se relacionó con disfunción por RMC. Los VU derechos tuvieron valores por STE y RMC-FT disminuidos respecto de los VU izquierdos, con FE similares. Existe correlación entre STE y RMC-FT, no equivalentes, con buena factibilidad y reproducibilidad. Conclusiones: La RMC-FT y el STE son técnicas útiles en el diagnóstico temprano y la vigilancia de la función ventricular en VU derechos con FE preservada.

Abstract Introduction: In patients with TCPC, the development of ventricular dysfunction is inevitable and is more precocious in SRVs. Myocardial deformation by STE and CMR-FT is promising. Objective: To analize ventricular function in patients with TCPC using STE and CMR-FT compared with conventional cMRI, depending on SV morphology, to determine their role in early diagnosis of ventricular dysfunction. Method: Sixty-four patients with TCPC were included. Longitudinal and circumferential strain by STE and CMR-FT and ventricular volume and EF were obtained. Results: Dysfunction analyzed by cMRI showed no association with ventricular morphology. SRVs had lower values in STE and CMR-FT compared with SLVs, with similar EF. While not equivalent, correlation was observed between the STE and the CMR-FT values, demonstrating good feasibility and reproducibility. Conclusion: The strain data in CMR-FT and STE could be useful for diagnosis and monitoring of ventricular function and as markers of early SRV dysfunction with preserved EF.

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to examine emissions from mining tailings that affect PM10 loading in an area saturated with PM10 particulate matter in Andacollo, Coquimbo Region (Chile). Emission factors (EF) are determined by applying models developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Forty-six samples are analysed from five mining tailings (all located <3 Km from populated areas) and two schools. The results show that 100% of the samples contain fine sediments (sand and lime). The majority of the tailings are acidic with low salinity and low humidity. Those with acidic pH and high electrical conductivity (EC) show bioavailability of metals such as Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn. In conclusion, emissions from abandoned and inactive tailings deposits increase the PM10 inventory, making it necessary to modify EF standards to adapt them to Chile’s characteristics.

Resumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar los tranques de relave que generan emisiones que afectan la carga de material particulado PM10 en una zona saturada respecto del material particulado respirable PM10 en la comuna de Andacollo, Región de Coquimbo (Chile). Se determinan los factores de emisión (FE) usando modelos de la agencia de protección ambiental (EPA, Estados Unidos). Se analizan 46 muestras provenientes de 5 relaves (todos ubicados a <3 Km de zona poblada) y de dos colegios. Los resultados muestran que el 100% de las muestras están compuestas por sedimentos finos (arena y limo). La mayoría de los relaves son ácidos poco salinos y de poca humedad. Aquellos de pH ácido y de alta conductividad eléctrica (CE), indican biodisponibilidad de algunos metales como Al, Cu, Fe, y Zn. En conclusión, emisiones provenientes de depósitos relaves abandonados e inactivos demuestran que aumenta el inventario de PM10, haciendo necesario modificar el formalismo de FE, adaptándolo a la realidad chilena.

Abstract Background Cardiotoxicity is the main complication related to cancer therapy. Studies indicate that global longitudinal strain is an early detector of subclinical dysfunction of the left ventricle, preceding the decline in ejection fraction (EF). However, the reproducibility of such methodology has not been tested outside specialized centers. Objectives To assess the frequency of subclinical cardiotoxicity and to compare global longitudinal strain and EF measurements during the clinical course of patients undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Methods This was an observational prospective study of 78 adult women who underwent serial echocardiograms (baseline and 1, 3, and 6 months after the beginning of chemotherapy), to evaluate biplane and 3D EF and global longitudinal strain. Cardiotoxicity and subclinical dysfunction were defined according to American Society of Echocardiography/European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging criteria. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the patients was 50.1 ± 11.48 years. The frequency of subclinical cardiotoxicity (defined by global longitudinal strain) was 14.9% after 30 days of chemotherapy, 16.7% after 3 months, and 19.7% after 6 months, compared to 4.5%, 3%, and 6.6%, respectively, when clinical cardiotoxicity was determined according to EF. The group that developed subclinical cardiotoxicity by 30 days (group A) had a higher frequency of clinical cardiotoxicity at 3 months (p=0.028) and a lower mean biplane EF after 30 days (p= 0.036) than the group that showed no evidence of subclinical cardiotoxicity (group B). Conclusion Subclinical cardiotoxicity was frequent and began early, being associated with a drop in EF during the clinical course.

RESUMO As aulas de Educação Física representam uma oportunidade única de desenvolver competências motoras, habilidades esportivas e promover uma vida saudável. A prática esportiva no meio aquático, fornecem um local alternativo de alta qualidade para experiências educacionais ao ar livre. O surfe é um desporto aquático praticado ao ar livre, que se realiza em ambiente natural, revelando-se como uma importante forma de aprendizagem e terapia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar quantitativa e qualitativamente a importância do surfe nas aulas de Educação Física (EF) como suporte ao bem-estar de crianças e adolescentes. Um total de 190 alunos (80 meninas) participaram deste estudo e foram inicialmente avaliados antes e após 6 semanas de prática de surfe, como parte de um currículo de EF, quanto aos impactos no bem-estar e na socialização. Analisando os dois momentos, as questões mais valorizadas foram Q5 (4,39 ± 0,827; 4,52 ± 0,791) e Q14 (4,60 ± 0,716; 4,47 ± 0,808). A análise fatorial exploratória resultou em 3 categorias (Expectativas Individuais; Autoconfiança; Socialização no Surfe), que explicam 62,79% da variância total. O fator Expectativa Individual foi o mais significativo e a Autoconfiança teve o aumento mais significativo. O surfe no currículo de EF pode ser considerado uma atividade segura, um importante mediador para fazer novos amigos e fazer parte de um grupo, com importantes efeitos de curto prazo na autoconfiança, principalmente em adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Physical Educations classes represent a unique opportunity to develop motor competence, sports skills and foster healthy life. Blue spaces environments provide an alternative location for high-quality outdoor educational experiences. Throughout, surfing is an aquatic outdoor sport, that takes place in the natural setting, proved as an important learning and therapeutic approach. The aim of this research was to analyze the importance of surfing in Physical Education (PE) classes as a support of children and adolescent’s well-being. A total of 190 students (80 girls) participated in this study and were assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks of surfing practice as part of a PE curriculum, regarding the impacts on well-being and socialization. Analyzing the two moments, the most valued questions were Q5(4.39±0.827; 4.52±0.791) and Q14(4.60±0.716; 4.47±0.808). The exploratory factor analysis results in 3 categories (Individual Expectations; Self-Confidence; Socialization in Surfing), which explain 62.79% of the total variance. The factor Individual Expectation was the most significant and Self-Confidence had the most significant increase. Surfing as part of the PE curriculum can be considered a safe activity, an important mediator for making new friends and being part of a group with important short-term effects on self-confidence, especially in adolescents.

RESUMO A inatividade física está associada à baixa variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em adolescentes. Entretanto, não está claro se o número de aulas de Educação Física (EF) causa impacto na VFC. Este estudo transversal verificou a associação entre a frequência das aulas de EF com parâmetros de VFC em adolescentes do sexo masculino. Foram incluídos 1.152 meninos (16,6 ± 1,2 anos). A quantidade de aulas de EF foi avaliada através de questionário e os adolescentes foram estratificados de acordo (nenhuma aula de EF; uma aula de EF / sem; ≥2 aulas de EF / sem). Os domínios do tempo (SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50) e da frequência (LF, HF, balanço simpático-vagal) da VFC foram obtidos. Modelos Lineares Generalizados foram usados para comparar os parâmetros da VFC de acordo com a quantidade de aulas de EF, ajustando para fatores de confusão. Não houve diferença nas medidas de VFC de tempo: (SDNN, p = 0,77; RMSSD, p = 0,72; PNN50, p = 0,83) e frequência (LF, p = 0,61; HF, p = 0,61; balanço simpatovagal, p = 0,60) entre as diferentes frequências das aulas de EF. A frequência das aulas de EF não está associada aos parâmetros de VFC de adolescentes do sexo masculino.

ABSTRACT Physical inactivity is associated with low heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents. However, whether the number of physical education (PE) classes impact HRV remains unclear. This cross-sectional study verified the association between the frequency of PE classes and HRV parameters in male adolescents. This study included 1152 boys (16.6 ± 1.2 years). The quantity of PE classes was assessed though questionnaire and the adolescents were stratified accordingly (no PE class; one PE class/wk; ≥2 PE classes/wk). Time- (SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50) and frequency-domains (LF, HF, sympathovagal balance) of HRV were obtained. Generalized Linear Models were used for comparing the HRV parameters according to the quantity of PE classes, adjusting for confounders. There was no difference in HRV measures of time: (SDNN, p = 0.77; RMSSD, p=0.72; PNN50, p=0.83) and frequency (LF, p=0.61; HF, p=0.61; sympathovagal balance, p=0.60) between the different frequencies of PE classes. The frequency of PE classes in not associated with HRV parameters of male adolescents.

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou agrupar algumas perspectivas sobre a atividade epistemológica de Go Tani no contexto da Educação Física (EF) brasileira, estabelecendo suas contribuições e reflexões a partir da Cinesiologia para a estruturação da graduação e da pós-graduação em Educação Física no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico e exploratório, o qual priorizou a produção de Tani nas mais variadas plataformas, bem como os materiais que circularam sobre a Cinesiologia na literatura nacional e internacional. Por fim, através da referida revisão teórica, foi possível identificar que o campo da EF é um cenário repleto de disputas e que mesmo com as transformações dos paradigmas que inferem nas alternativas legítimas no contexto científico, as relações que são estabelecidas entre as distintas escolas de pensamento da EF têm eclodido num processo de interincompreensão que contribui com a circularidade de perspectivas e a manutenção de crenças no campo.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to group some perspectives on Go Tani's epistemological activity in the context of Brazilian Physical Education (PE), establishing his contributions and reflections on Kinesiology for the structuring of undergraduate and graduate Physical Education in Brazil. This is a bibliographical and exploratory study, which prioritized Tani's production on the most varied platforms and the materials that circulated about Kinesiology in national and international literature. Finally, through the theoretical review, it was possible to identify that the PE field is a scenario full of disputes and that even with the transformations of paradigms that infer the legitimate alternatives in the scientific context, the relationships that are established between the different schools of PE thought have erupted in a process of mutual incomprehension that contributes to the circularity of perspectives and the maintenance of beliefs in the field.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi revisar projetos pedagógicos (PP) para identificar a formação do profissional de Educação Física (PEF) (Bacharelado) no contexto de Saúde Pública nos melhores cursos do Brasil. Foram selecionados os 10 melhores cursos de graduação em EF ranqueados em dois sistemas de avaliações nacionais (Exame Nacional de Desempenho na Educação e Ranking Universitário Folha) e as 10 melhores Universidades num ranking internacional (QS World University Rankings). Mediante revisão rápida foram extraídas informações dos PPs de 18 cursos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Trinta e seis disciplinas no contexto de Saúde Pública foram localizadas nas grades curriculares. Em relação a carga horária média menos de 1% da grade eletiva dos cursos era dedicada a disciplinas sobre Saúde Pública. O estudo revelou um cenário de formação de Bacharéis em EF distante do crescimento que a área demonstrou no campo da Saúde Pública nos últimos anos. É importante que os cursos de graduação em EF considerem uma formação específica no contexto da Saúde Pública, de modo a favorecer a consolidação da atuação do PEF e a qualidade do seu serviço na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to review pedagogical projects (PP) to identify the formation of the Physical Education professionals (PEF) in the context of Public Health in the best courses in Brazil. Methods: The 10 best PE undergraduate courses ranked in two national assessment systems were selected (National Education Performance Examination and Folha University Ranking) and the 10 best Universities in an international ranking (QS World University Rankings). Through a quick review, information was extracted from the PPs of 18 courses that met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-six subjects in the context of public health were located in the curricula. Regarding the average workload, less than 1% of the elective course schedule was dedicated to subjects on Public Health. The study revealed a scenario for the formation of Bachelors in PE far from the growth that the area has shown in the field of Public Health in recent years. It is important that PE undergraduate courses consider specific training in the context of Public Health, in order to favor the consolidation of the PEF's performance and the quality of its service in Primary Health Care.

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), sondagem clínica e cirúrgica na avaliação do envolvimento da furca de molares superiores (EF). Defeitos de furca (n= 120) foram avaliados por meio de TCFC, avaliação clínica e intra-cirúrgica (IC). O envolvimento da furca, perda óssea vertical e horizontal foram avaliados através de sondagem clínica, TCFC e sondagem durante IC. Três radiologistas treinados avaliaram as imagens de TCFC e a concordância intra e interobservador foi calculada pelo teste Kappa e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC). Para comparação da sondagem clínica, IC e CBCT foram utilizados os testes de McNemar e Wilcoxon. A precisão, sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivos e negativos foram calculados para a detecção de EF. Os achados clínicos mostraram 61 sítios com EF, sendo 28 Grau I, 25 locais de Grau II e 8 locais de Grau III. Observou-se boa concordância intra- (k = 1,00) e interobservador (k = 0,773). A concordância intraobservador e interobservador para perda óssea horizontal foi moderada, k = 0,485 e k = 0,549, respectivamente. Os achados intra-cirúrgicos mostraram EF grau I em 21 sítios e grau II e grau III em quinze sítios cada. A avaliação clínica mostrou 75% de concordância com IC e 78% com CBCT. A acurácia para detecção clínica de EF foi de 75%, enquanto para avaliação de CBCT variou de 72,5% a 77,5%, considerando os 3 observadores. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas em sítios distais em CBCT (p<0,05). A avaliação clínica e a TCFC mostraram resultados semelhantes para a presença ou ausência de EF. Em relação à perda óssea horizontal e vertical, a TCFC não foi considerada um exame preciso para defeitos ósseos incipientes.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare the performance of conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), clinical and surgical probing in assessing maxillary molar furcation involvement (FI). Furcation defects (n= 120) were assessed through CBCT, clinical and intra-surgical evaluation (ISE). Furcation Involvement, vertical and horizontal bone loss were assessed through clinical probing, CBCT and probing during ISE. Three trained radiologists evaluated CBCT images and intra- and interobserver agreement were calculated by Kappa test and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). McNemar and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare clinical probing, ISE and CBCT. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated to detect FI. Clinical findings showed 28 sites with Degree I, 25 sites with Degree II, and 8 sites with Degree III. Good intra- (k=1.00) and interobserver agreement (k=0.773) were observed. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement for horizontal bone loss were moderate, k=0.485 and k=0.549, respectively. Intra-surgical findings showed Degree I at 21 sites, and Degree II and Degree III FI at fifteen sites each. Clinical evaluation showed 75% agreement with ISE and 78% with CBCT. Accuracy for clinical detection of FI was 75%, while for CBCT evaluation ranged from 72.5% to 77.5%, considering the 3 observers. Significant differences were found at distal sites using CBCT (p<0.05). Clinical evaluation and CBCT showed similar results for the presence or absence of FI. Concerning horizontal and vertical bone loss, CBCT was not considered a precise examination method for incipient bone defects.

Resumo Avaliar e correlacionar o estado funcional (EF) e a força muscular (FM) em adultos jovens, adultos e idosos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Coorte prospectiva com 48 pacientes avaliando EF por meio do Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) e FM pelo Medical Research Council Sum-Score (MRC-SS) e força de preensão palmar (FPP), no despertar e na alta da UTI. Dados analisados pelos testes Kruskall-Wallis, Qui-quadrado, Wilcoxon e Correlação de Sperman. Na comparação do despertar em relação à alta, o EF e o MRC-SS foram maiores na alta em todos os grupos, com menor ganho nos idosos. A FPP aumentou bilateralmente na alta, exceto no grupo de adultos, pois apresentavam valores maiores no despertar. Na comparação dos grupos, o FSS-ICU foi maior nos adultos no despertar e alta, e a FPP-D menor nos idosos. O EF apresentou forte associação com a FM em adultos jovens e adultos, pois ambos apresentam progressiva melhora durante a permanência na UTI. Os idosos apresentam menor ganho do estado funcional, além de apresentarem menor força muscular desde o despertar. Estas variáveis apresentam importante associação apenas nos adultos jovens e adultos, considerando a natureza multifatorial do processo de adoecimento e incapacidade nos idosos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze and assess the association between functional status (FS) and muscle strength (MS) in young adults, adults and older adults in an intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted a prospective cohort study with 48 patients. FS was assessed using the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) and MS was measured using the Medical Research Council Sum-Score (MRC-SS) and by testing handgrip strength (HS). The assessments were performed on awakening and ICU discharge. The data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis, chi-squared, Wilcoxon and Spearman’s correlation tests. FS and MRC-SS scores were higher on ICU discharge in all groups. Gains were lowest in the older adult group. HS was greater in both hands on ICU discharge in all groups except the adults. FSS-ICU on both awakening and ICU discharge was highest in the adults; HS-R was lowest in the older adults. There was a strong association between FS and MS in the young adults and adults. FS and MS showed progressive improvement during ICU stay. Gains in FS and MS on awakening and ICU discharge were lowest among the older adults. Important associations were found between these variables in all groups except the older adults. This can be explained by the multifactorial nature of illness and incapacity in this group.

Resumo Avaliar e correlacionar o estado funcional (EF) e a força muscular (FM) em adultos jovens, adultos e idosos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Coorte prospectiva com 48 pacientes avaliando EF por meio do Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) e FM pelo Medical Research Council Sum-Score (MRC-SS) e força de preensão palmar (FPP), no despertar e na alta da UTI. Dados analisados pelos testes Kruskall-Wallis, Qui-quadrado, Wilcoxon e Correlação de Sperman. Na comparação do despertar em relação à alta, o EF e o MRC-SS foram maiores na alta em todos os grupos, com menor ganho nos idosos. A FPP aumentou bilateralmente na alta, exceto no grupo de adultos, pois apresentavam valores maiores no despertar. Na comparação dos grupos, o FSS-ICU foi maior nos adultos no despertar e alta, e a FPP-D menor nos idosos. O EF apresentou forte associação com a FM em adultos jovens e adultos, pois ambos apresentam progressiva melhora durante a permanência na UTI. Os idosos apresentam menor ganho do estado funcional, além de apresentarem menor força muscular desde o despertar. Estas variáveis apresentam importante associação apenas nos adultos jovens e adultos, considerando a natureza multifatorial do processo de adoecimento e incapacidade nos idosos.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze and assess the association between functional status (FS) and muscle strength (MS) in young adults, adults and older adults in an intensive care unit (ICU). We conducted a prospective cohort study with 48 patients. FS was assessed using the Functional Status Score for the Intensive Care Unit (FSS-ICU) and MS was measured using the Medical Research Council Sum-Score (MRC-SS) and by testing handgrip strength (HS). The assessments were performed on awakening and ICU discharge. The data were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis, chi-squared, Wilcoxon and Spearman’s correlation tests. FS and MRC-SS scores were higher on ICU discharge in all groups. Gains were lowest in the older adult group. HS was greater in both hands on ICU discharge in all groups except the adults. FSS-ICU on both awakening and ICU discharge was highest in the adults; HS-R was lowest in the older adults. There was a strong association between FS and MS in the young adults and adults. FS and MS showed progressive improvement during ICU stay. Gains in FS and MS on awakening and ICU discharge were lowest among the older adults. Important associations were found between these variables in all groups except the older adults. This can be explained by the multifactorial nature of illness and incapacity in this group.