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A case-control study of Clostridioides difficile symptomatic infections in a pediatric cancer hospital
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Silva, Adriana Maria Paixão de Sousa da

; Barbosa, Lara de Castro

; Marques, Leticia Maria Acioli

; Carreira, Letícia Yasuda

; Fonseca, Fernanda Maria Casimiro da

; Lima, Ana Paula Cordeiro

; Sodré, Janaína Joice Martins

; Pignati, Luara Teofilo

; Araújo, Orlei Ribeiro

; Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Carlesse, Fabianne Altruda de Moraes Costa

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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2023, Volume 41 elocation e2022117

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze and identify documented infections and possible risk factors for Clostridioides difficile infections in children with cancer. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study, carried out in a pediatric cancer hospital, covering the years 2016–2019. Matching was performed by age and underlying disease, and for each case, the number of controls varied from 1 to 3. Logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors. Results: We analyzed 63 cases of documented infection by C. difficile and 125 controls. Diarrhea was present in all cases, accompanied by fever higher than 38°C in 52.4% of the patients. Mortality was similar among cases (n=4; 6.3%) and controls (n=6; 4.8%; p=0.7). In all, 71% of patients in the case group and 53% in the control group received broad-spectrum antibiotics prior to the infection. For previous use of vancomycin, the Odds Ratio for C. difficile infection was 5.4 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 2.3–12.5); for meropenem, 4.41 (95%CI 2.1–9.2); and for cefepime, 2.6 (95%CI 1.3–5.1). For the antineoplastic agents, the Odds Ratio for carboplatin was 2.7 (95%CI 1.2–6.2), melphalan 9.04 (95%CI 1.9–42.3), busulfan 16.7 (95%CI 2.1–134.9), and asparaginase 8.97 (95%CI 1.9–42.9). Conclusions: C. difficile symptomatic infection in children with cancer was associated with previous hospitalization and the use of common antibiotics in cancer patients, such as vancomycin, meropenem, and cefepime, in the last 3 months. Chemotherapy drugs, such as carboplatin, melphalan, busulfan, and asparaginase, were also risk factors.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar e identificar infecções documentadas e possíveis fatores de risco para infecções por Clostridioides difficile em crianças com câncer. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo caso-controle em um hospital pediátrico oncológico, que abrangeu os anos de 2016–2019. O pareamento foi realizado por idade e doença de base e, para cada caso, o número de controles variou de um a três. Modelos de regressão logística foram utilizados para avaliar os fatores de risco. Resultados: Analisamos 63 casos de infecção documentados por C. difficile e 125 controles. A diarreia esteve presente em todos os casos, acompanhada de febre acima de 38°C em 52,4% dos pacientes. A mortalidade foi semelhante entre casos (n=4, 6,3%) e controles (n=6, 4,8%; p=0,7). No grupo caso, 71% dos pacientes e, no grupo controle, 53% deles receberam antibióticos de amplo espectro antes da infecção. Para uso prévio de vancomicina, a Odds Ratio para infecção por C. difficile foi de 5,4 (intervalo de confiança [IC95%] 2,3–12,5); para meropenem, 4,41 (IC95% 2,1–9,2) e, para cefepima, 2,6 (IC95% 1,3–5,1). Para os agentes antineoplásicos, a razão de chances para carboplatina foi de 2,7 (IC95% 1,2–6,2), para melfalano de 9,04 (IC95% 1,9-42,3), para bussulfano de 16,7 (IC95% 2,1–134,9) e, para asparaginase, de 8,97 (IC95% 1,9–42,9). Conclusões: A infecção sintomática por C. difficile em crianças com câncer associou-se à internação prévia e ao uso de antibióticos como vancomicina, meropenem e cefepime nos últimos três meses. Os quimioterápicos carboplatina, melfalano, bussulfano e asparaginase também foram fatores de risco.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2023/41/2022117

The risks of the new morbidities acquired during pediatric onco-critical care and their life-shortening effects
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Santos, Gabriela Maria Virgílio Dias

; Araujo, Orlei Ribeiro de

; Leal, Priscila de Biasi

; Arduini, Rodrigo Genaro

; Sousa, Rosa Massa Kikuchi de

; Caran, Eliana Maria Monteiro

; Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

Jornal de Pediatria

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2023, Volume 99 N. 6 Pages 568 - 573

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective: The authors investigated the functional status at ICU admission and at hospital discharge, and the impact of dysfunctions on survivors’ lifespan. Method: Single-center retrospective cohort. The FSS (Functional Status Scale) was calculated at ICU admission and at hospital discharge. A new morbidity was defined as an increase in FSS ≥ 3. Results: Among 1002 patients, there were 855 survivors. Of these, 194 (22.6%) had died by the end of the study; 45 (5.3%) had a new morbidity. Means in the motor domain at admission and discharge were 1.37 (SD: 0.82) and 1.53 (SD 0.95, p = 0.002). In the feeding domain, the means were 1.19 (SD 0.63) and 1.30 (SD 0.76), p = 0.002; global means were 6.93 (SD 2.45) and 7.2 (SD 2.94), p = 0.007. Acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, the score PRISM IV, age < 5 years, and central nervous system tumors were independent predictors of new morbidity. New morbidity correlated with lower odds of survival after hospital discharge, considering all causes of death (p = 0.014), and was independently predictive of death (Cox hazard ratio = 1.98). In Weibull models, shortening in the life span of 14.2% (p = 0.014) was estimated as a new morbidity. Conclusions: New morbidities are related to age, disease severity at admission, and SNC tumors. New morbidities, in turn, correlate with lower probabilities of survival and shortening of the remaining life span. Physical rehabilitation interventions in this population of children may have the potential to provide an increase in lifespan.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2023.05.006

ALVEOLAR RECRUITMENT MANEUVERS FOR CHILDREN WITH CANCER AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
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Galassi, Marcela Salvador

; Arduini, Rodrigo Genaro

; Araújo, Orlei Ribeiro de

; Sousa, Rosa Masssa Kikuchi

; Petrilli, Antonio Sergio

; Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

Revista Paulista de Pediatria

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2021, Volume 39 elocation e2019275

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: A síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA) pode ser uma condição devastadora em crianças com câncer e as manobras de recrutamento alveolar (MRA) podem melhorar a oxigenação e a sobrevida. O objetivo foi avaliar a viabilidade das MRA em crianças gravemente doentes com câncer e SDRA. Métodos: Analisamos retrospectivamente 31 manobras em 12 pacientes (idade mediana de 8,9 anos), com tumores sólidos (n=4), linfomas (n=2) e leucemias linfoide (n=2) e mieloide agudas (n=4). Os pacientes receberam pressão expiratória final positiva de 25 a 40 cmH20, com delta de pressão de 15 cmH2O por 60 segundos. Gasometrias foram analisadas pré e pós-manobras, bem como os parâmetros de ventilação, sinais vitais, hemoglobina, sinais clínicos de sangramento pulmonar e sinais radiológicos de barotrauma. Valores foram comparados com o teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: A contagem mediana de plaquetas era de 53.200/mm3. Após as manobras, em dois pacientes, a pressão arterial média declinou mais de 20%, e quatro necessitaram de aumento de drogas vasoativas. A hemoglobina permaneceu estável 24 horas após a MRA, sem sinais de pneumotórax, pneumomediastino ou enfisema subcutâneo. Houve diminuição significativa nas frações inspiradas de oxigênio (FiO2; p=0,003). A relação pressão arterial de oxigênio (PaO2)/FiO2 aumentou (p=0,002), e o índice de oxigenação caiu (p=0,01), mas essas melhoras foram transitórias. A mortalidade em 28 dias foi de 58%. Conclusões: As MRA, embora viáveis no contexto da trombocitopenia, levam apenas a melhorias transitórias e podem causar instabilidade hemodinâmica significativa.

ABSTRACT Objective: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be a devastating condition in children with cancer and alveolar recruitment maneuvers (ARMs) can theoretically improve oxygenation and survival. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of ARMs in critically ill children with cancer and ARDS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 31 maneuvers in a series of 12 patients (median age of 8.9 years) with solid tumors (n=4), lymphomas (n=2), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=2), and acute myeloid leukemia (n=4). Patients received positive end-expiratory pressure from 25 up to 40 cmH20, with a delta pressure of 15 cmH2O for 60 seconds. We assessed blood gases pre- and post-maneuvers, as well as ventilation parameters, vital signs, hemoglobin, clinical signs of pulmonary bleeding, and radiological signs of barotrauma. Pre- and post-values were compared by the Wilcoxon test. Results: Median platelet count was 53,200/mm3. Post-maneuvers, mean arterial pressure decreased more than 20% in two patients, and four needed an increase in vasoactive drugs. Hemoglobin levels remained stable 24 hours after ARMs, and signs of pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or subcutaneous emphysema were absent. Fraction of inspired oxygen decreased significantly after ARMs (FiO2; p=0.003). Oxygen partial pressure (PaO2)/FiO2 ratio increased significantly (p=0.0002), and the oxygenation index was reduced (p=0.01), but all these improvements were transient. Recruited patients’ 28-day mortality was 58%. Conclusions: ARMs, although feasible in the context of thrombocytopenia, lead only to transient improvements, and can cause significant hemodynamic instability.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019275 974 downloads

Síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo relacionada à sepse em crianças com câncer: dinâmica respiratória de uma condição devastadora
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Arduini, Rodrigo Genaro

; Araujo, Orlei Ribeiro de

; Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Senerchia, Andreza Almeida

; Petrilli, Antonio Sergio

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva

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dec 2016, Volume 28 N. 4 Pages 436 - 443

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução clínica e os parâmetros respiratórios de crianças com câncer submetidas à ventilação mecânica que apresentavam síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo relacionada à sepse. Métodos: Este estudo longitudinal, prospectivo e observacional de coorte com duração de 2 anos incluiu 29 crianças e adolescentes. Dados clínicos, avaliações de gasometria sanguínea e parâmetros ventilatórios foram coletados em quatro momentos diferentes. As flutuações entre as avaliações e as diferenças entre as médias estimadas foram analisadas por meio de modelos lineares mistos, tendo como parâmetro primário (endpoint) a ocorrência de óbito dentro de 28 dias após o início da síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo. Resultados: Ocorreram 17 óbitos dentro de 28 dias após o início da síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo, e outros 7 entre 29 e 60 dias. Apenas cinco pacientes sobreviveram por mais de 60 dias. Nove (31%) pacientes faleceram como consequência direta de hipoxemia refratária, e os demais em razão de falência de múltiplos órgãos e choque refratário a catecolaminas. Em 66% das avaliações, o volume corrente demandado para obter saturação de oxigênio igual ou acima de 90% foi superior a 7mL/kg. As médias estimadas de complacência dinâmica foram baixas e similares para sobreviventes e não sobreviventes, porém com inclinação negativa da reta entre a primeira e última avaliações, acompanhada por uma inclinação negativa da reta para volume corrente nos não sobreviventes. Os não sobreviventes tiveram significantemente mais hipoxemia, com relações PaO2/FiO2 que demonstravam médias mais baixas e inclinação negativa da reta nas quatro avaliações. As pressões pico, expiratória e média das vias aéreas demonstraram inclinações positivas na reta para os não sobreviventes, que também apresentaram mais acidose metabólica. Conclusões: Na maioria de nossas crianças com câncer, a sepse e a síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo evoluíram com deterioração dos índices ventilatórios e progressiva disfunção de órgãos, o que tornou esta tríade praticamente fatal em crianças.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the clinical course and respiratory parameters of mechanically ventilated children with cancer suffering from sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Methods: This 2-year prospective, longitudinal, observational cohort study enrolled 29 children and adolescents. Clinical data, measurements of blood gases and ventilation parameters were collected at four different time points. Fluctuations between measurements as well as differences in estimated means were analyzed by linear mixed models in which death within 28 days from the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome was the primary endpoint. Results: There were 17 deaths within 28 days of acute respiratory distress syndrome onset and another 7 between 29 - 60 days. Only 5 patients survived for more than 60 days. Nine (31%) patients died as a direct consequence of refractory hypoxemia, and the others died of multiple organ failure and catecholamine-refractory shock. In 66% of the measurements, the tidal volume required to obtain oxygen saturation equal to or above 90% was greater than 7mL/kg. The estimated means of dynamic compliance were low and were similar for survivors and non-survivors but with a negative slope between the first and final measurements, accompanied by a negative slope of the tidal volume for non-survivors. Non-survivors were significantly more hypoxemic, with PaO2/FiO2 ratios showing lower estimated means and a negative slope along the four measurements. Peak, expiratory and mean airway pressures showed positive slopes in the non-survivors, who also had more metabolic acidosis. Conclusions: In most of our children with cancer, sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome progressed with deteriorating ventilation indexes and escalating organic dysfunction, making this triad nearly fatal in children.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507x.20160077 38212 downloads

I Diretriz brasileira de cardio-oncologia pediátrica da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia
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Seber, Adriana

; Miachon, Adriana Siviero

; Tanaka, Ana Cristina Sayuri

; Castro, Ângela Maria Spínola e

; Carvalho, Antônio Carlos

; Petrilli, Antônio Sergio

; Macedo, Carla Renata Donato Pacheco

; Nars, Clarissa Carvalho Fongaro

; Terzian, Claudia Naufel

; Castro Junior, Claudio Galvão de

; Santos, Cleusa Cavalcanti Lapa

; Guerra, Cristina Chaves dos Santos

; Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Bassi, Débora Ugayama

; Azeka, Estela

; Feitosa, Fabiana Aragão

; Hamamoto, Fernando

; Szarf, Gilberto

; Lederman, Henrique Manoel

; Rigon Junior, Humberto João

; Jatene, Ieda Biscegli

; Mota, Isabele Coelho Fonseca da

; Perrud, Jeferson Adriano

; Soares Junior, José

; Gutierrez, Julián Arango

; Perin, Juliana Pepe Marinho

; Soares, Juliana dos Santos

; Catani, Liane Hulle

; Tsai, Liliana Yu

; Vianna, Livia Cristina

; Paiva, Marcelo Goulart

; Santos, Marcelo José

; Ishigai, Marcia Marcelino de Souza

; Diógenes, Maria Suely Bezerra

; Alves, Maria Teresa de Seixas

; Piedade, Maria Tereza Castro

; Parreiras, Mariana

; Cypriano, Mônica

; Negrini, Nilce da Silva

; Campos Filho, Orlando

; Figueiredo, Paula Andrade

; Novaes, Paulo Eduardo

; Camargo, Paulo Roberto

; Maia, Priscila dos Santos

; Petrilli, Renata

; Arduini, Rodrigo Genaro

; Gouveia, Roseane Vasconcelos

; Teruya, Suzana Barbosa Miranda

; Moisés, Valdir Ambrosio

; Morais, Vera Lúcia Lins de

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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may 2013, Volume 100 N. 5 Pages 1 - 68

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.2013S005 17336 downloads

Vancomycin serum concentrations in pediatric oncologic/hematologic intensive care patients
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Silva, Dáfne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Seixas, Gláucia Toribio Finoti

; Araujo, Orlei Ribeiro de

; Arduini, Rodrigo Genaro

; Carlesse, Fabianne Altruda de Moraes Costa

; Petrilli, Antonio Sergio

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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aug 2012, Volume 16 N. 4 Pages 361 - 365

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Usual treatment regimens with vancomycin often fail to provide adequate serum levels in patients with severe infections. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of vancomycin trough serum measurements. The following parameters were calculated by Bayesian analysis: vancomycin clearance, distribution volume, and peak estimated concentrations. The area under the concentration curve (AUC) (total daily dose/24 h clearance of vancomycin) was used to determine the effectiveness of treatment through the ratio of AUC/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) above 400, using MIC = 1 µg/mL, based on isolates of Staphylococci in cultures. RESULTS: Sixty-one vancomycin trough measurements were analyzed in 31 patients. AUC/MIC > 400 was obtained in 34 out of 61 dosages (55.7%), but the mean vancomycin dose required to achieve these levels was 81 mg/kg/day. In cases where the usual doses were administered (40-60 mg/kg/day), AUC/MIC > 400 was obtained in nine out of 18 dosages (50%), in 13 patients. Trough serum concentrations above 15 mg/L presented a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 71% for AUC/MIC > 400. CONCLUSION: Higher than usual vancomycin doses may be required to treat staphylococcal infections in children with oncologic/hematologic diseases. Since the best known predictor of efficacy is the AUC/MIC ratio, serum trough concentrations must be analyzed in conjunction with MICs of prevalent Staphylococci and pharmacokinetic tools such as Bayesian analysis.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2012.06.011 2784 downloads

Red blood cell transfusion practice in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
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Mendes, Cibele

; Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Arduini, Rodrigo Genaro

; Troster, Eduardo Juan

einstein (São Paulo)

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jun 2011, Volume 9 N. 2 Pages 135 - 139

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivo: Descrever a população de crianças que recebeu transfusão de glóbulos vermelhos. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo observacional, realizado no Centro de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrico do Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, em 2004, com crianças que receberam transfusão de glóbulos vermelhos. Resultados: A transfusão de glóbulos vermelhos foi realizada em 50% dos pacientes internados. A idade mediana foi de 18 meses e o principal motivo de internação foi insuficiência respiratória (35% dos casos). Doença de base estava presente em 84% dos casos e disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas em 46,2% dos casos. A mediana da concentração de hemoglobina pré-transfusional foi de 7,8 g/dL. Os pacientes transfundidos estavam sendo submetidos a algum procedimento terapêutico em 82% dos casos. Conclusão: São realizadas transfusões de glóbulos vermelhos em todas as idades. A concentração de hemoglobina e a taxa de hematócrito são os principais dados utilizados para a indicação dessas transfusões. O lactato sérico arterial e a SvO2 foram pouco utilizados. A maioria dos pacientes transfundidos foi submetida a algum procedimento terapêutico e, em muitos casos, foram realizadas transfusões em pacientes que apresentam disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas.

Objectives: To describe a population of children that received red blood cell transfusions. Methods: A retrospective observational study carried out at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Instituto da Criança of Hospital das Clínicas of Faculdade de Medicina of Universidade de São Paulo in 2004, with children that received red blood cell transfusions. Results: Transfusion of red blood cells was performed in 50% of the patients hospitalized. Median age was 18 months, and the primary motive for admission was respiratory insufficiency (35%). Underlying disease was present in 84% of the cases and multiple organ and system dysfunction in 46.2%. The median value of pretransfusion hemoglobin concentration was 7.8 g/dL. Transfused patients were undergoing some form of therapeutic procedure in 82% of the cases. Conclusions: Red blood cell transfusions are performed at all ages. Hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit rate are the primary data used to indicate these transfusions. The values of arterial serum lactate and SvO2 were seldom used. Most patients transfused were submitted to some form of therapeutic procedure, and in many cases, transfusions were carried out in patients with multiple organ and system dysfunctions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082011ao1884 2699 downloads

Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in children – a systematic review
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Gonzaga, Carolina Silva

; Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Alonso, Carolina Figueira Rabello

; Oliveira, Carlos Augusto Cardim de

; Torreão, Lara de Araújo

; Troster, Eduardo Juan

einstein (São Paulo)

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mar 2011, Volume 9 N. 1 Pages 90 - 94

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o papel da ventilação não invasiva no tratamento de crianças com insuficiência respiratória aguda. Métodos: Revisão sistemática da literatura sobre ventilação não invasiva nas bases MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE e Cochrane, além de referências de artigos. Os desfechos avaliados foram resposta sobre a oxigenação e ventilação sanguínea, e a sobrevida dos pacientes. Resultados: Foram encontrados 120 estudos sobre ventilação não invasiva até Maio de 2010. Destes, apenas 19 eram sobre ventilação não invasiva em crianças. Já há ensaios clínicos prospectivos e de coorte, levando a uma qualidade de evidência nível II sobre o uso de ventilação não invasiva em crianças. Conclusão: Já há evidência científica para recomendar o uso da ventilação não invasiva, com um grau de recomendação B-II.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the role of noninvasive ventilation in the treatment of children with acute respiratory failure. Methods: A systematic review of literature on noninvasive ventilation in MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, besides references in articles. The outcomes evaluated were responses in blood oxygenation and ventilation, and patient survival. Results: A total of 120 studies on noninvasive ventilation were found as of May, 2010. Of these, only 19 were about noninvasive ventilation in children. On the other hand, there are prospective and cohort clinical trials leading to a level II quality of evidence concerning the use of noninvasive ventilation in children. Conclusion: There is scientific evidence for proposing the use of noninvasive ventilation, with a B-II degree of recommendation.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082011rw1714 2952 downloads

How is mechanical ventilation employed in a pediatric intensive care unit in Brazil?
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Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Shibata, Audrey Rie Ogawa

; Farias, Julio A

; Troster, Eduardo Juan

Clinics

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2009, Volume 64 N. 12 Pages 1161 - 1166

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the relationship between mechanical ventilation and mortality and the practice of mechanical ventilation applied in children admitted to a high-complexity pediatric intensive care unit in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of all consecutive patients admitted to a Brazilian high-complexity PICU who were placed on mechanical ventilation for 24 hours or more, between October 1st, 2005 and March 31st, 2006. RESULTS: Of the 241 patients admitted, 86 (35.7%) received mechanical ventilation for 24 hours or more. Of these, 49 met inclusion criteria and were thus eligible to participate in the study. Of the 49 patients studied, 45 had chronic functional status. The median age of participants was 32 months and the median length of mechanical ventilation use was 6.5 days. The major indication for mechanical ventilation was acute respiratory failure, usually associated with severe sepsis / septic shock. Pressure ventilation modes were the standard ones. An overall 10.37% incidence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome was found, in addition to tidal volumes > 8 ml/kg, as well as normo- or hypocapnia. A total of 17 children died. Risk factors for mortality within 28 days of admission were initial inspiratory pressure, pH, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, oxygenation index and also oxygenation index at 48 hours of mechanical ventilation. Initial inspiratory pressure was also a predictor of mechanical ventilation for periods longer than 7 days. CONCLUSION: Of the admitted children, 35.7% received mechanical ventilation for 24 h or more. Pressure ventilation modes were standard. Of the children studied, 91% had chronic functional status. There was a high incidence of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, but a lung-protective strategy was not fully implemented. Inspiratory pressure at the beginning of mechanical ventilation was a predictor of mortality within 28 days and of a longer course of mechanical ventilation.

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10.

Cefepime restriction improves gram-negative overall resistance patterns in neonatal intensive care unit
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Araujo, Orlei Ribeiro de

; Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Diegues, Ana Regina

; Arkader, Ronaldo

; Cabral, Eloíza Aparecida Ferreira

; Afonso, Marta Rodriguez

; Louzada, Maria Eduarda

; Albertoni, Andréa de Cássia Stéfano

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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apr 2007, Volume 11 N. 2 Pages 277 - 280

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Antibiotic restriction can be useful in maintaining bacterial susceptibility. The objective of this study was verify if restriction of cefepime, the most frequently used cephalosporin in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), would ameliorate broad-spectrum susceptibility of Gram-negative isolates. Nine hundred and ninety-five premature and term newborns were divided into 3 cohorts, according to the prevalence of cefepime use in the unit: Group 1 (n=396) comprised patients admitted from January 2002 to December 2003, period in which cefepime was the most used broad-spectrum antibiotic. Patients in Group 2 (n=349) were admitted when piperacillin/tazobactam replaced cefepime (January to December 2004) and in Group 3 (n=250) when cefepime was reintroduced (January to September 2005). Meropenem was the alternative third-line antibiotic for all groups. Multiresistance was defined as resistance to 2 or more unrelated antibiotics, including necessarily a third or fourth generation cephalosporin, piperacillin/tazobactam or meropenem. Statistics involved Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and logrank tests, Kaplan-Meier analysis. Groups were comparable in length of stay, time of mechanical ventilation, gestational age and birth weight. Ninety-eight Gram-negative isolates were analyzed. Patients were more likely to remain free of multiresistant isolates by Kaplan-Meier analysis in Group 2 when compared to Group 1 (p=0.017) and Group 3 (p=0.003). There was also a significant difference in meropenem resistance rates. Cefepime has a greater propensity to select multiresistant Gram-negative pathogens than piperacillin/tazobactam and should not be used extensively in neonatal intensive care.

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11.

Terapia com hormônio de crescimento nos estados hipercatabólicos em pediatria: revisão sistemática e metanálise
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Arkader, Ronaldo

; Araújo, Orlei

; Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Hirschheimer, Mario R.

; Carvalho, Werther B. de

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva

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jun 2006, Volume 18 N. 2 Pages 200 - 203

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a utilização do hormônio de crescimento recombinante (rhGH) em pacientes pediátricos em estado de hipercatabolismo internados em unidades de terapia intensiva pediátrica (UTIP). MÉTODO: Foram pesquisados os seguintes bancos de dados: MedLine (1990 a 2005), LILACS ( 1990 a 2005), OVID (1990 a 2006), EMBASE (1990 a 2005). Constou de estudos aleatórios controlados, em pacientes pediátricos com quadro de hipercatabolismo (queimados, sépticos) que utilizaram rhGH durante internação em UTIP. A intervenção incluía rhGH versus placebo. Os dados foram extraídos em duplicata e independentemente. A metanálise foi realizada utilizando as ferramentas estatísticas do software Review Manager, sendo utilizado o método de Mantel-Haenzel para variáveis dicotômicas e variância inversa para contínuas. RESULTADOS: Existem evidências de que a utilização do rhGH em pacientes pediátricos queimados reduziu a utilização de albumina exógena, melhora no ganho de massa muscular magra e aceleração da cicatrização dos ferimentos do local doador, sem efeito na mortalidade. Possivelmente, pode reduzir o tempo de internação. A hiperglicemia foi o evento adverso mais freqüente. CONCLUSÕES: Essa revisão sugere que a aplicação precoce do rhGH no tratamento em pacientes pediátricos com queimaduras graves tem potencial implicação na melhora clínica. Embora a literatura não dê suporte à utilização de rotina, deve-se considerar sua utilização neste grupo de pacientes, pelo menos para estudos futuros. Em pacientes sépticos, os dados são insuficientes para qualquer consideração.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the use of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in pediatric patients with hypercatabolic state in the pediatric intensive care unit. METHODS: We searched the databases of MedLine (1990 to 2005), LILACS (1990 to 2005), OVID (1990 to 2006) and EMBASE (1990 to 2005). Randomized controlled trials in pediatric patients using rhGH for hypercatabolic state (burns, sepsis) were selected. Intervention included rhGH therapy versus placebo. Data were extracted in duplicate and independently. Meta-analyses were performed using the software Review Manager statistic tools, with Mantel-Haenzel method for dichotomous outcomes and inverse variance method for continuous. RESULTS: There were evidences that rhGH in burned pediatric patients can reduce exogenous albumin requirement, with a improvement in Lean Body Mass, and accelerate site-donor wound healing, with no effects on mortality. Possibly can reduce the length of hospital stay. Hyperglycemia was the most frequently reported adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: This review suggests that the early application of rhGH to standard treatment in pediatric severe burned patients has the potential to improve some aspects from outcome. At this time, although the literature does not support routine rhGH for pediatric burn patients, consideration should be given to its use in this group, at least as an aim for further research. For use in septic patients, no proper statement can be done.

2017 downloads

12.

Ventilação não invasiva em pediatria
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Silva, Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da

; Foronda, Flavia Andrea Krepel

; Troster, Eduardo Juan

Jornal de Pediatria

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nov 2003, Volume 79 Suppl. 2 Pages S161 - S168

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Apresentar a ventilação mecânica não invasiva em pediatria como uma alternativa à ventilação invasiva, mostrar suas vantagens e desvantagens, quando se encontra indicada e como instalá-la. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão bibliográfica através do PubMed/Medline, utilizando como fontes de pesquisa aqueles artigos de ventilação não invasiva na população pediátrica, além de artigos de consenso e meta-análise de ventilação não invasiva em adultos (por sua falta na população pediátrica). SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A maior indicação da ventilação mecânica não invasiva é na insuficiência respiratória hipercápnica, estando contra-indicada na instabilidade hemodinâmica. Tem como vantagens: facilidade de instalação, não invasividade, diminuição do desconforto, redução da incidência das complicações associadas ao uso do tubo endotraqueal e menor custo. Desvantagens: distensão gástrica, hipoxemia transitória, necrose de pele facial. Sua instalação requer uma interface (máscara) e um respirador. São revistos os tipos de ventiladores e modos ventilatórios, e orienta-se sua instalação, monitorização e parâmetros iniciais. A retirada da ventilação mecânica não invasiva é mais simples, mas pacientes crônicos podem necessitar assistência domiciliar. CONCLUSÕES: A ventilação mecânica não invasiva pode ser uma alternativa mais barata, eficaz e de simples execução nos casos de insuficiência respiratória sem descompensação hemodinâmica.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the notion of noninvasive mechanical ventilation as an alternative for invasive ventilation in children, describing advantages and disadvantages, indications, and the process of equipment installation. SOURCES OF DATA: Literature review through PubMed/Medline, using as source articles focusing on noninvasive ventilation in pediatric populations, as well as consensus statements and metanalyses concerning noninvasive ventilation in adults. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: The main indication for noninvasive ventilation is respiratory failure due to hypercapnia. It is contra-indicated in the presence of hemodynamic instability. The advantages of non-invasive ventilation include: the equipment is easy to install; it is not invasive and involves less discomfort; there is a lower incidence of complications associated with the endotracheal tube; lower cost. The disadvantages are: gastric distention; transient hypoxemia; facial skin necrosis. The equipment required for noninvasive ventilation includes an interface (mask) and a respirator. The removal of noninvasive ventilation equipment is relatively simple, but chronic patients may require assistance in the home. CONCLUSIONS: Noninvasive ventilation is a less costly, efficient and simple to perform alternative in cases of respiratory failure without hemodynamic instability.

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