Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the use of acidulated soybean soapstock in association with lecithin on productive performance, metabolic efficiency in the utilization of nutrientes, and the egg quality of Japanese quails. A total of 192 quails were used, distributed randomly in a 2×2×2 factorial scheme that included two types of oils, two levels of supplementation (4% and 8%) and two levels of lecithin (1% or 0%). At the end of the six-month experimental period, some double significant interactions were shown between the level of oil and lecithin for the performance variables (egg weight p=0.04, feed intake p<0.01 and feed conversion rate p=0.04). The feed conversion rate also was influenced by a double significant interaction between the type of oil and the level of oil (p<0.01). The nutrient digestibility showed that different interactions affected the results. The evaluation of egg quality, was verified that the use of acidulated soybean soapstock did not affect most variables of internal quality. The results showed that it is possible to use 8% acidulated soybean soapstock in combination with 1% lecithin in the diets of Japanese quails for a period of up to six months without a reduction in performance.

ABSTRACT Ammonium (NH4 +) toxicity in yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa O. Deg.) may be mitigated by Si application. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction effect of Si and high level of NH4 + on yellow passionfruit seedlings nutrition, physiology, growth, and DM production. Pots were filled with pinus bark and nutrition solution was applied. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with five replicates, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme: two ratios of NH4 + and nitrate, NO3 + (40/60%, without high level of NH4 +; and 75/25%, with high level of NH4 +) at N concentration of 13 mmol N L-1, in the absence and presence of Si (2.0 mmol L-1). Sixty days after seedling transplant it was evaluated: N, Si, K, Ca and Mg root and shoots accumulation, leaf green color index (GCI), electrolyte leakage index (ELI), intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stem diameter, leaf area, root length, N use efficiency (NUE) and root and shoot DM content. Plants cultivated with Si had 19.1% and 16.3% lower Tr and gs, respectively, regardless NH4 + concentration. Moreover, Ci and Pn were 13.2% and 16.4%, respectively, higher in plants that received Si. Plants cultivated under high NH4 + concentrations, with Si application had 17% bigger stem diameter and 15.4% bigger root length than plants without Si application. Si application in yellow passionfruit seedlings cultivated with high level of NH4 + increased accumulation and NUE, root length, root DM, and GCI. In addition, Si application reduced ELI, which resulted in higher stem diameter. These results prove that Si application mitigates NH4 + toxicity in yellow passionfruit seedlings

In the present study we analyzed morphological and metabolic alterations in dams nursing small litters and their consequences to offspring throughout lactation. Offspring sizes were adjusted to Small Litter (SL, 3 pups/ dam) and Normal Litter (NL, 9 pups/ dam). Body weight, food intake, white adipose tissue (WAT) content, histological analysis of the pancreas, mammary gland (MG) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as, plasma parameters and milk composition were measured in dams and pups on the 7th, 14th and 21st days of lactation. In general, SL-dams presented higher body weight and retroperitoneal fat content, elevated fat infiltration in BAT, reduced islets size and hyperglycemia throughout lactation in relation to NL-dams (p<0.05). Moreover, MG from SL-dams had reduced alveoli development and high adipocytes content, resulting in milk with elevated energetic value and fat content in relation to NL-dams (p<0.05). Maternal states influenced offspring anthropometric conditions during lactation, offspring-SL displayed higher body weight and growth, hyperglycemia, augmented lipid deposition in BAT and elevated islet. Thus, maternal histological and metabolic changes are due to modifications to nursing small litters and reinforce the importance of preserving maternal health during lactation avoiding early programming effects on offspring preventing metabolic consequences later in life.

RESUMO Esse estudo determinou a distribuição dos genes stx1 e stx2 em Escherichia coli isolados de rebanhos leiteiros em relação a idade, estação e produção, e analisaram a distribuição filogenética dos grupos A, B1, B2 e D de 276 E. coli produtoras de toxina Shiga (STEC). O perfil stx1 foi mais comum, detectado em 20,4% (202/990) dos isolados, seguido de stx2 (4,54%, 45/990) e stx1+stx2 (2,92%, 29/990). O gene stx1 foi detectado mais frequentemente em bezerros que animais adultos. No período de seca (inverno), a presença do perfil stx1+stx2 nas fezes dos bovinos foi mais prevalente que no período chuvoso (verão), apesar de não haver diferença significativa entre estações para os perfis stx1 e stx2. Os grupos filogenéticos mais predominantes em animais adultos foram B1, A e D, enquanto grupos A e B2 prevaleceram em bezerros. Nossos dados enfatizam a importância de se detectar reservatórios de STEC já que 7,5% dos isolados testados foram positivos para stx2, o perfil mais prevalente em casos de síndrome hemolítica-urêmica. Ademais, esses microorganismos são adaptados à sobreviver em ambientes hostis e contaminam a cadeia alimentar, levando a risco significativo para consumidores de alimentos de origem animal.

ABSTRACT This study determined the distribution of stx1 and stx2 genes in Escherichia coli isolated from dairy herds with regard to animal age, season, and farm production-scale, and analyzed the phylogenetic distribution of the groups A, B1, B2, and D of 276 isolates of bovine feces Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The stx1 profile was the most common, detected in 20.4% (202/990) of the isolates, followed by stx2 (4.54%, 45/990) and stx1+stx2 (2.92%, 29/990). The stx1 gene was detected more frequently in calves than in adult animals. In the dry season (winter), the presence of stx1+stx2 profile in cattle feces was higher than in the rainy season (summer), while no significant changes were observed between seasons for the stx1 and stx2 profiles. The most predominant phylogenetic groups in adult animals were B1, A, and D, while groups A and B1 prevailed in calves. Our data highlight the importance of identifying STEC reservoirs, since 7.5% of the tested isolates were positive for stx2, the main profile responsible for the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Moreover, these microorganisms are adapted to survive even in hostile environments and can contaminate the food production chain, posing a significant risk to consumers of animal products.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to further investigate the cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines and several bacterial strains of Annona squamosa and its mode of action. Methanol extracts of A. squamosa leaves (ASL) and seeds (ASS) were used. ASL showed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis with MIC values of 78, 78 and 39 µg/mL respectively. Moreover, ASL exhibited significant biofilm disruption, rapid time dependent kinetics of bacterial killing, increased membrane permeability and significantly reduced the cell numbers and viability. Regarding the cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines, ASS was more active against Jurkat and MCF-7 cells, with CI50 1.1 and 2.1 µg/mL, respectively. ASL showed promising activity against Jurkat and HL60, with CI50 4.2 and 6.4 µg/mL, respectively. Both extracts showed lower activity against VERO cells and reduced the clonogenic survival at higher concentrations (IC90) to MCF-7 and HCT-116 lineages. The alkaloids anonaine, asimilobine, corypalmine, liriodenine nornuciferine and reticuline were identified in extracts by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. This study reinforced that A. squamosa presents a remarkable phytomedicinal potential and revealed that its antimicrobial mechanism of action is related to bacterial membrane destabilization.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a type of therapy used primarily for analgesia, but also presents changes in the cardiovascular system responses; its effects are dependent upon application parameters. Alterations to the cardiovascular system suggest that TENS may modify venous vascular response. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of TENS at different frequencies (10 and 100 Hz) on venous vascular reactivity in healthy subjects. Twenty-nine healthy male volunteers were randomized into three groups: placebo (n=10), low-frequency TENS (10 Hz, n=9) and high-frequency TENS (100 Hz, n=10). TENS was applied for 30 min in the nervous plexus trajectory from the superior member (from cervical to dorsal region of the fist) at low (10 Hz/200 μs) and high frequency (100 Hz/200 μs) with its intensity adjusted below the motor threshold and intensified every 5 min, intending to avoid accommodation. Venous vascular reactivity in response to phenylephrine, acetylcholine (endothelium-dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-independent) was assessed by the dorsal hand vein technique. The phenylephrine effective dose to achieve 70% vasoconstriction was reduced 53% (P<0.01) using low-frequency TENS (10 Hz), while in high-frequency stimulation (100 Hz), a 47% increased dose was needed (P<0.01). The endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and independent (sodium nitroprusside) responses were not modified by TENS, which modifies venous responsiveness, and increases the low-frequency sensitivity of α1-adrenergic receptors and shows high-frequency opposite effects. These changes represent an important vascular effect caused by TENS with implications for hemodynamics, inflammation and analgesia.

Ear rots caused by Fusarium spp. are among the main fungal diseases that contribute to poor quality and the contamination of maize grains with mycotoxins. This study aimed to determine the visual incidence of fungal-damaged kernels (FDKs), the incidence of two main Gibberella (a teleomorph of Fusarium) complexes (G. fujikuroi and G. zeae) associated with maize using a seed health blotter test, and the fumonisin levels, using high performance liquid chromatography, in samples of maize grains grown across 23 municipalities during the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons. Additionally, 104 strains that were representative of all of the analysed samples were identified to species using PCR assays. The mean FDK was seven per cent, and only six of the samples had levels greater than six per cent. Fusarium spp. of the G. fujikuroi complex were present in 96% of the samples, and G. zeae was present in 18% of the samples (5/27). The mean incidence of G. fujikuroi was 58%, and the incidence of G. zeae varied from 2 to 6%. FB1 was found in 58.6%, FB2 in 37.9%, and both toxins in 37.9% of the samples. The FB1 and FB2 levels were below the quantification limits for 41.3% of the samples, and the mean FB1 levels (0.66 µg/g) were higher than the mean FB2 levels (0.42 µg/g). The PCR identification separated the 104 isolates into three of the G. fujikuroi complex: F. verticillioides (76%), F. subglutinans (4%) and F. proliferatum (2%); and G. zeae (anamorph = F. graminearum) (18%). Our results confirmed the dominance of F. verticillioides, similar to other regions of Brazil, but they differed due to the relatively higher incidence of F. graminearum. Total fumonisin levels were below the maximum limit determined by current Brazilian regulations.

A substituição do óleo de peixe em dietas para beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) foi avaliada usando-se cinco proporções de óleo de peixe e soja. Duzentos juvenis (±12g) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 20 tanques e alimentados até a saciedade aparente durante 42 dias. À medida que se aumentou o teor de óleo de peixe nas dietas, houve aumento proporcional no desempenho. Os juvenis alimentados com dietas que continham 75 e 100% de óleo de peixe apresentaram ganhos de peso mais altos que os das dietas com 0 e 25% de óleo de peixe, enquanto os alimentados com a dieta com 50% de óleo de peixe apresentaram crescimento intermediário. Não foram observadas diferenças nas concentrações de proteína e lipídio na carcaça dos peixes, mas os teores de umidade e cinzas diferiram entre os tratamentos. A inclusão de teores relativamente altos de ingredientes de origem vegetal diminuiu o consumo alimentar, o que afetou negativamente o crescimento. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de substituição de até 50% do óleo de peixe por óleo de soja em dietas para juvenis do beijupirá.

The replacement of fish oil for cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in diets was evaluated using five proportions of fish oil:soybean oil. Two hundred juveniles (±12g) were randomly distributed in twenty 480L tanks and fed to apparent satiety twice daily for 42 days. Diets contained 12% lipids with different proportions of fish to soybean oils and were therefore named OP0, OP25, OP50, OP75 and OP100 according to the inclusion content of fish oil (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively). Increasing dietary fish oil levels resulted in higher survival, growth and feed intake. Fish fed diets OP75 and OP100 presented higher weight gain than those fed diets OP0 and OP25, whereas fish fed diet OP50 had an intermediate weight gain. Overall, performance was enhanced at higher contents of dietary fish oil. No significant differences on protein and lipid content of fish carcass were observed, but moisture and ash content differed significantly between treatments. The inclusion of relatively higher contents of plant ingredients affected feed intake, which resulted in lower growth rates. The present results suggest the possibility of replacing up to 50% of fish oil with soybean oil in diets for cobia juveniles.

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare lysosomal disorders caused by the deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes responsible for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) degradation. Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) has been shown to reduce accumulation and urinary excretion of GAG, and to improve some of the patients' clinical signs. We studied biochemical and molecular characteristics of nine MPS patients (two MPS I, four MPS II and three MPS VI) undergoing ERT in northern Brazil. The responsiveness of ERT was evaluated through urinary GAG excretion measurements. Patients were screened for eight common MPS mutations, using PCR, restriction enzyme tests and direct sequencing. Two MPS I patients had the previously reported mutation p.P533R. In the MPS II patients, mutation analysis identified the mutation p.R468W, and in the MPS VI patients, polymorphisms p.V358M and p.V376M were also found. After 48 weeks of ERT, biochemical analysis showed a significantly decreased total urinary GAG excretion in patients with MPS I (p < 0.01) and MPS VI (p < 0.01). Our findings demonstrate the effect of ERT on urinary GAG excretion and suggest the adoption of a screening strategy for genotyping MPS patients living far from the main reference centers.

Na prática fisioterapêutica, pressupõe-se que alterações posturais do membro inferior influenciem a biomecânica e função dos demais complexos durante o movimento. No entanto, a literatura sobre a relação entre desalinhamentos estáticos do joelho e possíveis alterações dinâmicas ainda é escassa e inconclusiva. Assim, buscou-se avaliar o efeito do alinhamento frontal estático do joelho sobre a distribuição da pressão plantar durante a marcha. Foram avaliados inicialmente 44 adultos jovens assintomáticos. Por fotogrametria digital, mediu-se o ângulo frontal do joelho, classificado como normal (170° a 175°), valgo <170º e varo >175°. Dado o baixo número de valgos, foram analisados dois grupos: de joelhos normais (n=18) e de joelhos varos (n=23). A distribuição da pressão plantar foi avaliada durante a marcha em cinco áreas. Os grupos mostraram-se estatistica-mente semelhantes em todas as variáveis cinéticas avaliadas em todas as áreas plantares. Joelhos normais apresentaram significativa correlação com o tempo de contato no antepé lateral e médio-pé; e os varos, correlação com a área e tempo de contato em duas e três áreas plantares, e com a pressão integral no antepé lateral. Os resultados mostraram que o desalinhamento frontal de 3° do joelho, embora com moderada correlação, não influencia a distribuição de cargas na superfície plantar durante a marcha. Sugere-se pois que a avaliação clínica não se limite à avaliação articular estática do joelho, mas inclua atividades dinâmicas.

In physical therapy practice, it is assumed that lower-limb posture changes may influence other complexes' biomechanics or function during movement. However, literature on the relationship between static knee alignment and possible dynamic changes is still scarce and inconclusive. This study assessed the effect of static frontal knee alignment on plantar pressure distribution during gait. At first 44 young asymptomatic adults were evaluated. Front knee angles were measured by digital photogrammetry and classified as normal (170° to 175°), valgus <170°, or varus >175°. Given the low number of valgus found, two groups were analysed: normal knees (n=18) and varus knees (n=23). Plantar pressure distribution was measured during gait in five plantar surface areas. Groups were found to be statistically similar in all kinetic variables assessed in all plantar surface areas. Normal knees showed significant correlation with the contact time at lateral forefoot and midfoot. Varus knees showed correlation with contact area and time at respectively two and three plantar areas, and with full pressure at lateral forefoot. Results thus show that a 3° frontal knee malalignment, though with moderate correlation, does not influence pressure distribution on plantar surface during gait. It is hence suggested that clinical evaluation should not be limited to static knee assessment, but rather include dynamic activities.

Nitric oxide (NO) donors produce NO-related activity when applied to biological systems. Among its diverse functions, NO has been implicated in vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Despite the great importance of NO in biological systems, its pharmacological and physiological studies have been limited due to its high reactivity and short half-life. In this review we will focus on our recent investigations of nitrosyl ruthenium complexes as NO-delivery agents and their effects on vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation. The high affinity of ruthenium for NO is a marked feature of its chemistry. The main signaling pathway responsible for the vascular relaxation induced by NO involves the activation of soluble guanylyl-cyclase, with subsequent accumulation of cGMP and activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase. This in turn can activate several proteins such as K+ channels as well as induce vasodilatation by a decrease in cytosolic Ca2+. Oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage are mediators of vascular damage in several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. The increased production of the superoxide anion (O2-) by the vascular wall has been observed in different animal models of hypertension. Vascular relaxation to the endogenous NO-related response or to NO released from NO deliverers is impaired in vessels from renal hypertensive (2K-1C) rats. A growing amount of evidence supports the possibility that increased NO inactivation by excess O2- may account for the decreased NO bioavailability and vascular dysfunction in hypertension.

A flexão dos cilindros durante a laminação é um fenômeno que tanto provoca defeitos de planicidade como permite corrigi-los, através da laminação diferenciada ao longo da largura. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da flexão estimada dos cilindros na laminação de encruamento sobre a variação da planicidade de tiras laminadas a quente. Isto foi realizado através de experimentos industriais com variação dos parâmetros de força de laminação e de dobramento durante processamento no laminador de encruamento, em que se buscou correlacionar os resultados estimados de flexão com os resultados observados de variação de planicidade. Foi confirmada a relação entre a flexão dos cilindros e a planicidade, praticamente sem variação da planicidade quando o perfil transversal da tira e a flexão dos cilindros eram coerentes e com a variação da planicidade aumentando à medida que se aumentava esta incoerência.

Roll bending during rolling can be the cause and the solution for flatness defects through differential rolling across the strip width. This work aims to evaluate the effect of skin pass roll bending in flatness changes of hot rolled strips. This was done through industrial experiments with process parameters changings of rolling force and bending forces in the skin pass mill, correlating the estimated result of roll bending with the observed flatness changes. The results confirmed the relationship between roll bending and flatness, practically without flatness changes when the cross section of the strip and the roll bending was coherent and with flatness changes increasing with the increase of this incoherence.

Analisaram-se 464 amostras individuais de leite e 54 amostras de leite de latões, oriundos de leite dos mesmos animais, por meio do teste do anel do leite (TAL) visando à sua aplicação no diagnóstico individual e de rebanhos da brucelose bovina. Foram também avaliadas 464 amostras de soro sangüíneo por meio de provas do antígeno tamponado acidificado (ATA), soroaglutinação lenta em tubos (SAL) e 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME), todas para brucelose. Cento e vinte e três amostras (26,5%) testadas pelo TAL apresentaram resultados positivos. Dessas, 30 resultaram positivas ao ATA, 28 ao ATA, à SAL e ao 2-ME e 18 à SAL. Das amostras positivas ao TAL, 95 pertenciam a animais sorologicamente negativos ao 2-ME, caracterizando 77,2% (95/123) das reações falso-positivas; dos resultados negativos ao TAL, 4 pertenciam a animais sorologicamente positivos, caracterizando 1,2% (4/341) de reações falso-negativas no TAL individual. Das 54 amostras de leite de latões analisadas pelo TAL, 17 foram consideradas positivas, das quais uma foi caracterizada como falso-positivo, pois todos os animais que a compunham foram negativos ao 2-ME. De 37 latões considerados negativos ao TAL, três continham leite de animais positivos ao 2-ME, caracterizando 8,1% de falso-negativos. O TAL individual demonstrou elevado percentual de resultados falso-positivos, enquanto o TAL em amostras de leite obtidas em latões detectou 84,2% de latões contaminados e 75% de rebanhos infectados.

The ring test (RT) was analyzed regarding its application for the individual and herd bovine brucellosis diagnoses. Individual samples of milk from 464 cows and 54 composite samples of milk bucket from these animals were evaluated. The results were analyzed considering the serological results obtained by the rose bengal (RBT), tube agglutination (TAT) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) tests. From the 464 individual milk samples analyzed by the RT, 123 (26.5%) presented positive results. From those, 30 were positive only to the RBT, 28 by the RBT/TAT/2-ME and 18 by the TAT. From the 123 positive samples by the RT, 95 came from the 2-ME seronegative animals, characterizing 77.2% of false-positive reactions and 4/341 negative reactions came from the seropositive animals, characterizing 1.2% of false-negative reactions in the individual RT. From the 54 samples of compositive milk analyzed by the RT, 17 were positive. From these positive samples, one was considered false positive since all the animals that composed it were negative by the 2-ME. Three of the composite milk samples that were negative to RT(3/37) were constituted by milk from positive animals, characterizing 8.1% of false-negative results by the RT. The individual RT showed high percentage of false-positive results, while the RT in samples from bucket detected 84.2% of the contaminated milk and 75% of the infected herds.

Efeitos de estádio da lactação, idade à classificação e grupo contemporâneo de rebanho, ano e estação de classificação foram considerados nas análises de 21 características lineares de tipo e pontuação final de 2.122 animais da raça Holandesa, filhos de 178 reprodutores e nascidos em 83 rebanhos. Utilizou-se o método dos quadrados mínimos nas análises de variância das características. O efeito de estádio da lactação teve influência sobre as características do sistema mamário, evidenciando que houve alterações morfológicas durante o período de lactação para todas as características de úbere, exceto inserção do úbere anterior, textura do úbere e comprimento dos tetos. Dentre as características de conformação/capacidade corporal, profundidade corporal foi a mais influenciada pelo estádio da lactação, seguida do tamanho corporal, largura torácica e força lombar. Para todas as características de conformação/capacidade corporal o efeito da idade à classificação revelou-se altamente significativo. Dentre as características lineares da categoria pernas/pés, a variável idade à classificação foi importante (P<0,05) apenas para vista lateral das pernas. O efeito de idade sobre as características de garupa variou consideravelmente, sendo importante apenas para largura (P<0,01). Pontuação final e angulosidade também foram influenciadas (P<0,01) pelo efeito da idade. A verificação de significância estatística indicou a existência de componentes de meio e evidenciou a importância do estudo desses componentes.

Stage of lactation, classification age and herd-year-season contemporary group effects were considered in the analyses of 21 linear type traits, in addition to final score using 2,122 Brazilian Holstein cows, from 83 herds and daughters of 178 sires. Least square methodology was applied in the analyses of variance. With the exception of fore udder attachment, udder texture and fore teat length, the effect of stage of lactation was important ((P<.05) for all other mammary system traits, indicating that there were morphological changes during lactation. All traits related to conformation/body capacity were influenced by classification age. Among these traits, body deep was the one affected by stage of lactation, followed by body size, chest width and loin strength. Among traits related to feet and legs, the effect of age of the animal on side view of rear legs was important (P<.05). The effect of age on traits related to rump was variable, being important (P<.05) only for rump width. Final score and angularity were also influenced by age (P<.05). This study revealed the importance of environment type trait effects on linear type trait evaluations.

Correlações genéticas e fenotípicas entre 21 características lineares de tipo e produção de leite em até 305 dias de lactação foram estimadas pela máxima verossimilhança restrita sob modelo animal, a partir de dados da Associação de Criadores de Gado Holandês de Minas Gerais. Nas análises das características lineares, os efeitos fixos utilizados no modelo incluíram estádio da lactação, idade do animal, grupo contemporâneo de rebanho, ano e estação de classificação, e o efeito aleatório do pai da vaca. As características lineares que apresentaram maiores correlações genéticas com produção de leite foram largura do úbere posterior (0,60) e largura de garupa (0,37), indicando não haver antagonismo genético entre a seleção para essas características e a produção de leite. As correlações fenotípicas entre características lineares de tipo e produção de leite foram, em geral, menores do que as correlações genéticas correspondentes. As correlações fenotípicas entre as características lineares apresentaram-se altas dentro das seções de conformação/capacidade e de sistema mamário. Correlações genéticas entre algumas características lineares foram altas, possibilitando a exclusão de algumas delas do programa de classificação linear adotado para a raça Holandesa no Brasil.

Genetic and phenotypic correlations between 21 linear type traits and 305-day milk production were estimated by restrict maximum likelihood methodology, in a multiple-trait animal model, using data from Associação de Criadores de Gado Holandês de Minas Gerais. The highest genetic correlations between milk production and rear udder width (.60), and rump width (.37), indicated no genetic antagonism between selection for these type traits and gains for milk production. In general, phenotypic correlations were lower than genetic correlations between milk production and linear type traits. Phenotypic correlations between linear traits were greater for conformation traits and udder traits. Some type traits presented high genetic correlations between them, suggesting that some of them could be excluded from the genetic programs for linear type traits adopted by Holstein Breed Association in Brazil.