Resumo O presente estudo reflete sobre a autonomia do enfermeiro no cuidado à pessoa com lesão crônica. O trabalho em enfermagem é influenciado por dimensões tecnológicas e definido pela responsabilidade profissional e o compartilhamento de atividades com outras categorias, fatores que impactam diretamente a autonomia do enfermeiro no tratamento de lesões crônicas. Por isso, é importante reconhecer as competências e limitações do trabalho desse profissional, de modo a reorientar condicionamentos. A autonomia do enfermeiro não deve se sobrepor à autonomia do paciente. Mediante ações educativas, deve-se considerar a heterogeneidade de papéis para assegurar a integridade do paciente e garantir a adesão terapêutica, enfatizando a importância da corresponsabilidade no processo de cura.

Abstract This study reflects on nurses’ autonomy in caring for people with chronic injuries. Nursing work is influenced by technological dimensions and defined by professional responsibility and the sharing of activities with other categories, factors that directly impact nurses’ autonomy in the treatment of chronic injuries. Therefore, it is important to recognize the skills and limitations of this professional’s work, in order to reorient conditionings. The nurse’s autonomy should not take precedence over the patient’s. Through educational actions, the heterogeneity of roles must be taken into account to ensure patient integrity and ensure therapeutic adherence, emphasizing the importance of co-responsibility in the healing process.

Resumen El presente estudio reflexiona sobre la autonomía del enfermero en el cuidado de la persona con lesión crónica. El trabajo de enfermería está influenciado por las dimensiones tecnológicas y definido por la responsabilidad profesional y el compartir de actividades con otras categorías, factores que impactan directamente la autonomía de los enfermeros en el tratamiento de las lesiones crónicas. Por lo tanto, es importante reconocer las habilidades y limitaciones del trabajo de este profesional, con el fin de reorientar el condicionamiento. La autonomía del enfermero no debe superponerse con la autonomía del paciente. A través de acciones educativas, se debe tener en cuenta la heterogeneidad de roles para asegurar la integridad del paciente y asegurar la adherencia terapéutica, enfatizando la importancia de la corresponsabilidad en el proceso de curación.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the association between the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and plasma zinc in women with fibroadenoma. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 37 premenopausal women with fibroadenoma. Waist circumference and body mass index of the participants were measured. Plasma zinc concentrations were determined using atomic flame absorption spectrophotometry. Fragments of breast tissue were fixed and incubated with primary mouse monoclonal antibodies (monoclonal antibodies matrix metalloproteinase -2 -507 and monoclonal antibodies matrix metalloproteinase -9-439). Semi-quantitative analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 immunoreactivity was performed. Spearman’s test and Friedman’s test were used for statistical analyses. The p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 32.81±9.51 years. The body mass index and waist circumference values were within the normal range. The mean plasma zinc concentration was 42.73±13.84 µg/dL, with 94.6% inadequacy. A statistically significant difference was found between the positive expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (p=0.0184). There was no significant correlation between the matrix metalloproteinase expression and the plasma zinc levels. CONCLUSIONS: Women with fibroadenoma had hypozincemia and positive expression of metalloproteinases.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant neoplasm in women and is considered a multifactorial disease of unknown etiology. One of the major risk factors is genetic alteration. Changes in CYP19A1 gene expression levels have been associated with increased risk and increased aggressiveness of breast cancer. Increased CYP19A1 gene expression and/or aromatase activity are among the major regulatory events for intratumoral production of estrogens in breast malignant tissues. This systematic review aimed to investigate the influence of CYP19A1 gene expression levels in women with breast cancer. The research was carried out using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Searches were conducted between February 2 and May 15, 2019. Inclusion criteria were studies published between 2009 and 2019, English language publications, and human studies addressing the gene expression of CYP19A1 in breast cancer. A total of 6.068 studies were identified through PubMed (n=773), Scopus (n=2,927), and the Web of Science (n=2,368). After selecting and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, six articles were included in this systematic review. This systematic review provides evidence that increased or decreased levels of CYP19A1 gene expression may be related to pathological clinical factors of disease, MFS, OS, DFS, WATi, markers of metabolic function, concentrations of E1, FSH, and in the use of multiple exons 1 of the CYP19A1 gene in breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES: In the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2) rs1136201 variant, the presence of the G allele may promote cellular alterations and increase breast cancer risk, in addition to enhanced cellular proliferation, tumor aggressiveness, and metastases. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant, rs1136201, within the HER2 gene in women from the Northeastern region of Brazil and breast cancer risk. METHODS: The study included 140 women who were divided into two groups, case (breast cancer) and control (without breast cancer), with 70 women in each group. Peripheral blood of each woman was drawn for the study of genomic Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from leukocytes using the genotyping technique by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The GG genotype occurred in 1 woman in both groups (1.4%) (p=0.32), while the AG genotype occurred in 19 (27.2%) and 13 (18.6%) women in the case and control (p=1.00) groups, respectively. No statistically significant difference in GG and AG genotypes was observed between the case and control groups in premenopausal women (p=1.00). Furthermore, no significant difference in genotypes was observed between the groups, among postmenopausal women (p=0.14). CONCLUSION: In this study, the HER2 rs1136201 polymorphism did not show any statistically significant association with breast cancer, both in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Nevertheless, further studies with a larger sample size should be performed to assess the association of HER2 polymorphism with breast cancer risk in women from the Northeastern region of Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the relationship between rs17576 (MMP-9) polymorphism and increased cancer risk in a Brazilian breast cancer cohort. METHODS: This study included 141 women (71 breast cancer patients and 70 controls without breast cancer) who donated 3 mL of their peripheral blood for genomic DNA extraction. This DNA was then genotyped using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The AG (rs17576) genotype was identified in 26 (18.43%) participants in the case group and in 22 (15.60%) participants in the control group (p=0.274), while the GG genotype was identified in ten (7.09%) participants in the case group and in one (0.70%) participant in the control group (p<0.003 - OR (95% CI) 13.13 (1.73, 593.08). No significant difference in the incidence rates was observed for AG or GG rs17576 genotypes in premenopausal women, p=0.813 and p=0.556, respectively. However, in postmenopausal women, the AG genotype was shown to occur in 14 (22.5%) participants in the case group and in 4 (6.45%) participants in the control (p<0.043), while GG genotype occurred in eight (12.90%) of the individuals in the case group and in none of the individuals in the control group (p<0.006). CONCLUSION: In this study, the MMP-9 rs17576 GG polymorphic variant was shown to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, while the AG and GG genotypes were associated with increased cancer risk in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVES: In breast cancer diagnosis, mammography (MMG), ultrasonography (USG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the imaging methods most used. There is a scarcity of comparative studies that evaluate the accuracy of these methods in the diagnosis of breast cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out through the review of electronic medical records of 32 female patients who underwent breast imaging examinations at a imaging diagnostic center in Teresina, State of Piauí, Brazil. Patients who had these three imaging methods at the time of the evaluation of the same nodule were included. The nodule must have been classified as suspect by the BI-RADS® system in at least one of the methods. Data from each method were compared with the histopathological examination. Statistical analysis used the calculation of proportions in Excel 2010. RESULTS: MMG showed 56.2%, 87.5%, 81.8%, 66.7% and 71.8% of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy, respectively. USG had 75%, 18.8%, 48%, 42.8% and 46.9% of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy, respectively. In turn, MRI had 100%, 50%, 66.7%, 100% and 75% of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy, respectively. CONCLUSION: Thus, MRI and MMG were more accurate in evaluating suspicious breast lumps. MRI had a low specificity, mainly to high breast density, while MMG had also sensitivity limited due to high breast density and USG has been proven to be useful in these patients.

OBJECTIVES: Aromatase inhibitors are the first-choice drugs for the treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer. However, in addition to the scarcity of studies, there are controversies about their effects on vaginal epithelial cell proliferation in rats, especially those in persistent estrus. METHODS: To investigate vaginal epithelial cell proliferation by Ki-67 antigen expression, persistent estrus was induced in 42 randomly selected rats. These rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: group I (control, n=21), which received 0.1 mL of propylene glycol (vehicle) daily, and group II (experimental, n=21), which received 0.5 mg/kg or 0.125 mg/day of anastrozole diluted with 0.1 mL of propylene glycol. RESULTS: Light microscopy showed a higher concentration of cells with brown Ki-67 stained nuclei in the control compared to the experimental group. The mean percentage of Ki-67 stained nuclei per 500 cells in the vaginal epithelium was 68.64±2.64 and 30.46±2.00 [mean±standard error of the mean (SEM)] in the control and experimental groups, respectively (p<0.003). CONCLUSION: This study showed that anastrozole, at the dose and treatment duration selected, significantly decreased cell proliferation in the vaginal mucosa of the rats in persistent estrus.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a expressão do KI-67 em leiomiomas uterinos e tecido miometrial adjacente e verificar a existência de correlação entre parâmetros clínicos e expressão do KI-67 em tumores. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, controlado e analítico. Amostras de leiomiomas e miométrio foram obtidas de pacientes que realizaram histerectomia. As amostras foram processadas por imuno-histoquímica utilizando anticorpo para KI-67 e a expressão avaliada por dois observadores cegos. O teste t de Student foi utilizado para comparação de médias e o teste P de Pearson para correlação com parâmetros clínicos. RESULTADOS Um total de 9 pacientes foi incluído no estudo. A idade média foi de 40,7 anos, variando de 35 a 44 anos. A expressão média do KI-67 no miométrio foi de 1,63% e nos leiomiomas de 5,96% (p <0,001). A maior expressão do KI-67 foi moderadamente relacionada com a gravidade da anemia, sangramento e nível de dor. CONCLUSÃO A expressão do KI-67 no miométrio normal foi significativamente menor que nos leiomiomas. A maior expressão do KI-67 foi moderadamente relacionada à gravidade da anemia, sangramento e nível de dor nos pacientes deste estudo.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Evaluate the expression of KI-67 in uterine leiomyomas and adjacent myometrial tissue and verify the existence of a correlation between clinical parameters and KI-67 expression in tumors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, controlled, analytical study. Samples of leiomyomas and myometrium were obtained from patients who underwent hysterectomy. The samples were processed by immunohistochemistry using KI-67 antibody, and the expression was evaluated by two blinded observers. Student›s T-test was used for comparison of means, and Pearson›s P test for correlation with clinical parameters. RESULTS A total of 9 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 40.7 years, ranging from 35 to 44 years. The mean expression of KI-67 in myometrium was 1.63%, and, in leiomyomas, 5.96% (p <0.001). The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level. CONCLUSION The expression of KI-67 in normal myometrium was significantly lower than in leiomyomas. The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level in the patients of this study.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a expressão do receptor de estrogênio entre astrocitomas de baixo e alto grau. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo usando blocos de parafina de tumores gliais dos arquivos de Anatomia Patológica do Hospital São Marcos e iniciado após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Os espécimes foram marcados histoquimicamente com anticorpo anti-ER alpha. Os núcleos corados em marrom foram considerados positivos, independentemente da intensidade da reação. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o teste de Mann-Whitney e a correlação de Spearman. A significância estatística foi estabelecida em p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A porcentagem média de núcleos corados com anti-ER alfa em astrocitomas de baixo e alto grau foi de 0,04 e zero, respectivamente, enquanto a correlação de Spearman mostrou uma forte correlação negativa entre tumores de baixa e alta qualidade (p<0,001) e (r=-0,67), respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: No presente estudo, a expressão do receptor de estrogênio foi positiva apenas em astrocitomas de baixo grau e nula em astrocitomas de alto grau, mostrando que a expressão de ER diminui com o grau de malignidade tumoral.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare estrogen receptor expression between low and high-grade astrocytomas. METHOD: A study using paraffin blocks of glial tumors from the Anatomy Pathology archives of São Marcos Hospital was carried out and began after approval by the Review Board of the Federal University of Piaui. Specimens were histochemically marked with an anti-ER alpha antibody. Brown-stained nuclei were considered positive, regardless of reaction intensity. Data were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation. Statistical significance was established at p<0.05. RESULTS: The mean percentage of nuclei stained with anti-ER alpha in low-and high-grade astrocytomas was 0.04 and zero, respectively, while Spearman's correlation showed a strong negative association between low and high-grade tumors (p<0.001) and (r= −0.67), respectively. CONCLUSION: In the current study, estrogen receptor expression was positive only in low-grade astrocytomas and nil in high-grade astrocytomas, showing that ER expression declines with the grade of tumor malignancy.

ABSTRACT Objective: to build municipal responsibility with the permanent education in health policy from the interaction between research and innovation of work practices. Method: experience reports structured through dialogic meetings that allowed the participative diagnosis and strategic administration considering research in health education. Results: from the activities and interactions, we identified active forces in the reinvention of training for workers in the municipal network of health services, in which we found three streams: “inside and outside interactions”, “movement towards meetings” and “strategic collective arrangements”. Final considerations: through action research and a collaborative critique, collective movements were constructed, they showed ways to produce new directions in health education and allowed the strategic creation of the Núcleo de Educação Permanente as a responsibility of the municipal government, not depending on Federal policies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: construir responsabilidad municipal con la política de educación permanente en la salud a partir de la interacción entre prácticas de investigación e innovación en el trabajo. Método: relato de experiencia con estructuración de encuentros dialógicos que posibilitaran el diagnóstico participativo y la gestión estratégica articulada a la investigación en enseñanza de la salud. Resultados: con las actividades y la interacción identificamos fuerzas activas en la reinvención de la formación de trabajadores insertos en la red de servicios sanitarios en esfera municipal, y fue posible comprender tres flujos: “interacciones dentro y fuera”, “movimientos de encuentros” y “arreglos colectivos estratégicos “. Consideraciones finales: la investigación-acción colaborativa-crítica posibilitó la construcción de movimientos colectivos que apuntaron caminos para la producción de nuevos sentidos en la formación en salud y permitieron la creación estratégica del Núcleo de Educación Permanente en Salud, como tarea de gestión municipal independiente de la política del gobierno federal.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir responsabilidade municipal com a política de educação permanente na saúde a partir da interação entre práticas de pesquisa e inovação no trabalho. Método: relato de experiência com estruturação de encontros dialógicos que possibilitaram o diagnóstico participativo e a gestão estratégica articulada à pesquisa em ensino da saúde. Resultados: com as atividades e a interação identificamos forças ativas na reinvenção da formação de trabalhadores inseridos na rede de serviços sanitários na esfera municipal, em que foi possível compreender três fluxos: “interações dentro e fora”, “movimentos de encontros” e “arranjos coletivos estratégicos”. Considerações finais: a pesquisa-ação colaborativo-crítica possibilitou a construção de movimentos coletivos que apontaram caminhos para produção de novos sentidos na formação em saúde e oportunizaram a criação estratégica do Núcleo de Educação Permanente em Saúde, como tarefa de gestão municipal não dependente da política de governo federal.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir responsabilidade municipal com a política de educação permanente na saúde a partir da interação entre práticas de pesquisa e inovação no trabalho. Método: relato de experiência com estruturação de encontros dialógicos que possibilitaram o diagnóstico participativo e a gestão estratégica articulada à pesquisa em ensino da saúde. Resultados: com as atividades e a interação identificamos forças ativas na reinvenção da formação de trabalhadores inseridos na rede de serviços sanitários na esfera municipal, em que foi possível compreender três fluxos: “interações dentro e fora”, “movimentos de encontros” e “arranjos coletivos estratégicos”. Considerações finais: a pesquisa-ação colaborativo-crítica possibilitou a construção de movimentos coletivos que apontaram caminhos para produção de novos sentidos na formação em saúde e oportunizaram a criação estratégica do Núcleo de Educação Permanente em Saúde, como tarefa de gestão municipal não dependente da política de governo federal.

ABSTRACT Objective: to build municipal responsibility with the permanent education in health policy from the interaction between research and innovation of work practices. Method: experience reports structured through dialogic meetings that allowed the participative diagnosis and strategic administration considering research in health education. Results: from the activities and interactions, we identified active forces in the reinvention of training for workers in the municipal network of health services, in which we found three streams: “inside and outside interactions”, “movement towards meetings” and “strategic collective arrangements”. Final considerations: through action research and a collaborative critique, collective movements were constructed, they showed ways to produce new directions in health education and allowed the strategic creation of the Núcleo de Educação Permanente as a responsibility of the municipal government, not depending on Federal policies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: construir responsabilidad municipal con la política de educación permanente en la salud a partir de la interacción entre prácticas de investigación e innovación en el trabajo. Método: relato de experiencia con estructuración de encuentros dialógicos que posibilitaran el diagnóstico participativo y la gestión estratégica articulada a la investigación en enseñanza de la salud. Resultados: con las actividades y la interacción identificamos fuerzas activas en la reinvención de la formación de trabajadores insertos en la red de servicios sanitarios en esfera municipal, y fue posible comprender tres flujos: “interacciones dentro y fuera”, “movimientos de encuentros” y “arreglos colectivos estratégicos “. Consideraciones finales: la investigación-acción colaborativa-crítica posibilitó la construcción de movimientos colectivos que apuntaron caminos para la producción de nuevos sentidos en la formación en salud y permitieron la creación estratégica del Núcleo de Educación Permanente en Salud, como tarea de gestión municipal independiente de la política del gobierno federal.

Resumo Os inibidores de aromatase têm emergido como uma endocrinoterapia alternativa para o tratamento de câncer de mama sensível a hormônios em mulheres pós-menopáusicas. A utilização de inibidores de terceira geração, representados por exemestano, letrozol e anastrozol, é atualmente indicada. Anastrozol é um composto não esteroide e um inibidor potente e seletivo da enzima aromatase. Embora alguns estudos tenham demonstrado que as suas propriedades farmacodinâmicas e farmacocinéticas podem ser afetadas pela variabilidade interindividual, esse fármaco tem sido recentemente utilizado em todas as configurações de tratamento do câncer de mama. Na doença metastática, é atualmente considerado o tratamento de primeira linha em mulheres pós-menopáusicas com tumores de mama e receptor de estrogênio positivo. O anastrozol tem mostrado resultados promissores no tratamento adjuvante do câncer de mama em estágio inicial em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Ele também conseguiu resultados interessantes na quimioprevenção da doença. Portanto, em virtude da importância do anastrozol tanto no tratamento endócrino quanto na quimioprevenção do câncer de mama hormoniossensível em mulheres na pós-menopausa, propusemos a atual revisão da literatura na base de dados SciELO e PubMed de artigos publicados nos últimos 10 anos.

Summary Aromatase inhibitors have emerged as an alternative endocrine therapy for the treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The use of third-generation inhibitors represented by exemestane, letrozol and anastrozole is currently indicated. Anastrozole is a nonsteroidal compound and a potent selective inhibitor of the aromatase enzyme. Although a few studies have shown that its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties may be affected by interindividual variability, this drug has been recently used in all configurations of breast cancer treatment. In metastatic disease, it is currently considered the first-line treatment for postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors. Anastrozole has shown promising results in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage breast cancer in postmenopausal women. It has also achieved interesting results in the chemoprevention of the disease. Therefore, due to the importance of anastrozole both for endocrine treatment and chemoprevention of hormone-sensitive breast cancer in postmenopausal women, we proposed the current literature review in the SciELO and PubMed database of articles published in the last 10 years.