ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and yield of okra as a function of phosphorus (P) doses and to obtain the critical leaf P content, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Maranhão (MA), Brazil. The field experiment was carried out from February 15, 2017, to May 9, 2017, in São Luís, MA. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments were doses of 0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 kg ha-1 of P2O5, in the form of triple superphosphate, at planting, plus 10 t ha-1 of solid cattle manure. The increase of the P dose increased plant height, leaf dry mass and stem dry mass. With phosphorus supply, flowering occurred earlier than in plants without fertilization. Considering soils with low P content (P(resin) = 11 to 25 mg dm-3) and the minimum recommended organic fertilization for the okra crop of 10 t ha-1 of solid cattle manure, the maximum number of fruits, length of fruit and yield (9960.36 kg ha-1) were obtained with the fertilization of 80 kg ha-1 of P2O5, for the edaphoclimatic conditions of MA, Brazil. The critical leaf P content in okra is 3.4 g kg-1.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a produtividade do quiabo em função de doses de fósforo (P) e obter o teor crítico de P foliar, nas condições edafoclimáticas do Maranhão (MA), Brasil. O experimento de campo foi realizado no período de 15 de fevereiro de 2017 a 9 de maio de 2017, em São Luís, MA. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram doses de 0, 80, 160, 240 e 320 kg ha-1 de P2O5, na forma de superfosfato simples, no plantio, mais 10 t ha-1 de esterco bovino sólido. O aumento da dose de P aumentou a altura das plantas, massa seca de folhas e caule. Com o fornecimento de fósforo a precocidade do florescimento foi maior que em plantas não fertilizadas. . Considerando solos com baixo teor de P (P(resina) = 11 a 25 mg dm-3) e a adubação orgânica mínima recomendada para a cultura do quiabo de 10 t ha-1 de esterco bovino sólido, o número de frutos, comprimento do fruto e a produtividade máxima de frutos (9960.36 kg ha- 1) foram obtidos com a adubação de 80 kg ha-1 de P2O5, para as condições edafoclimáticas de MA, Brasil. O teor crítico foliar de P em quiabeiro é de 3,4 g kg-1.

ABSTRACT: Enhanced efficiency potassium fertilizers can be a management tool that is crucial to crop sustainability in maize (Zea mays L.). However, there is a need for studies aimed at validating the use of these fertilizers in different production environments. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of maize under sources and rates of K through conventional and enhanced efficiency fertilizers in soil with high available K content. The experiment was carried out for two years in an Oxisol (605 g kg–1 of clay) with high K content (6.7 mmolc dm–3). Three sources were used, one conventional (KCl), one obtained by additives sprayed on the fertilizer surface (KCl-C), and one obtained by compacting KCl powder and adding additives (KCl-CC), associated with three K2O rates as top-dressing (50, 100, 150 kg ha–1) and a control without K2O. In all treatments, 48 kg ha–1 of K2O was applied in the sowing furrow. In the first year, maize yield increased linearly for both the KCl and KCl-C sources. The maximum yield (7,967 kg ha–1) for the KCl-CC was obtained at 88 kg ha–1. In the second year, the maximum yields for the KCl (7,553 kg ha–1) and KCl-C (8,166 kg ha–1) were obtained with 20 and 67 kg ha–1 K2O, respectively, while for the KCl-CC maize yield did not change. Enhanced efficiency K sources promote increases in maize yield ranging from 4.3 % to 7.1 %. Top-dressing K fertilization in high-fertility soils is a viable alternative for producers focused on increasing maize yield, mainly when enhanced efficiency sources are used.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the bromatological composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activities, and color of the leaves of olive cultivars Arbosana, Arbequina, Frantoio, Manzanilla, and Koroneiki in northwestern Paraná, Brazil. Leaves of each cultivar were collected for the experiment, which was carried out in a completely randomized design. The dry matter (DM) of olive leaves contains mostly carbohydrates (56.15 to 59.42 g 100 g-1 DM) and fibers (17.37 to 19.73 g 100 g-1 DM) in its bromatological composition. The total polyphenol content ranges from 13.27 to 22.81 mg GAE g-1, with cultivar Manzanilla standing out, and the flavonoid content from 6.50 to 7.65 mg QE g-1. Manzanilla shows the highest antioxidant activity of 93.56 and 78.15% in the DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. When compared with the other cultivars, Manzanilla and Koroneiki have leaves with a higher green intensity and total chlorophyll content of 0.958 and 0.833 mg 100 mL 1, respectively. In the ABTS assay, there is a correlation both between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity and between chlorophyll content and antioxidant activity. Olive leaves have characteristics that allow their application as an additive or ingredient for the development of food products with satisfactory antioxidant activity.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição bromatológica, os compostos bioativos, as atividades antioxidantes e a cor das folhas das cultivares de oliveira Arbosana, Arbequina, Frantoio, Manzanilla e Koroneiki no noroeste do Paraná, Brasil. Folhas de cada cultivar foram coletadas para o experimento, realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A matéria seca (MS) das folhas de oliveiras contém majoritariamente carboidratos (56,15 a 59,42 g 100 g-1 de MS) e fibras (17,37 a 19,73 g 100 g-1 de MS) em sua composição bromatológica. O teor de polifenóis totais varia de 13,27 a 22,81 mg EAG g-1, com destaque para a cultivar Manzanilla, e o conteúdo de flavonoides de 6,50 a 7,65 mg EQ g-1. Manzanilla apresenta a maior atividade antioxidante de 93,56 e 78,15% nos ensaios DPPH e ABTS, respectivamente. Em comparação às demais cultivares, Manzanilla e Koroneiki apresentam folhas com maior intensidade de verde e teor de clorofila total de 0,958 e 0,833 mg 100 mL-1, respectivamente. No ensaio ABTS, há correlação tanto entre o teor de polifenóis totais e a atividade antioxidante quanto entre o teor de clorofila e a atividade antioxidante. As folhas de oliveira apresentam características que permitem sua aplicação como aditivo ou ingrediente para o desenvolvimento de produtos alimentícios com atividade antioxidante satisfatória.

Abstract The aimed of this work was to evaluate the early growth of clones RRIM 600 and PR 255 regarding of Hevea brasiliensis, relationed to increasing doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. For each clone, a randomized block design experiment was installed. The amount of nitrogen (40, 80 and 160 g plant-¹ of N), phosphorus (50, 100 and 200 g plant-¹ of P2O5) and potassium (40, 80 and 160 g plant-¹ of K2O) were a factorial combined form and were distributed in three blocks, add up to 28 treatments, included the control (00-00-00). The seedlings were transplanted into 18 L pots, filled with a horizon A into a Haplic flat ground with a sandy texture. The fertilizers were weighed, mixed, diluted into the irrigation water and applied in a circular groove created around the plants. The variables analyzed were relative average height (Hr), relative average diameter of the neck (DCr) and total dry matter of the plants (MST). Both clones responded regarding the early growth from the analyzed variables. However, the RRIM 600 clone was more responsive and request regarded with fertility, notably in relation to the application of phosphorus. In the other hand, for both clones, they werei ncreased the quantity of nutrients and, a negative effect was observed for the values of the variables, especially when combined with the highest doses of N, P and K (treatment 160-200-160). The amount of nutrients presented in the 40-100-40 treatment were the most indicated as planting fertilizer for both the RRIM 600 clone and for the PR 255.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial dos clones RRIM 600 e PR 255 de Hevea brasiliensis, em relação a doses crescentes de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. Para cada clone, foi instalado um experimento em delineamento em blocos casualizados. As doses de nitrogênio (40, 80 e 160 g planta-1 de N), fósforo (50, 100 e 200 g planta-1 de P2O5) e potássio (40, 80 e 160 g planta-1 de K2O) foram combinadas de forma fatorial e distribuídas em três blocos, totalizando 28 tratamentos, incluindo controle (00-00-00). As mudas foram transplantadas em vasos de 18 litros, preenchidos com horizonte A de um Planossolo Háplico de textura arenosa. Os fertilizantes foram pesados, misturados, diluídos na água de irrigação e aplicados em um sulco circular feito ao redor das plantas. As variáveis analisadas foram altura média relativa (Hr), diâmetro médio relativo do colo (DCr) e matéria seca total das plantas (MST). Ambos os clones responderam quanto ao crescimento inicial das variáveis analisadas. Porém, o clone RRIM 600 foi mais responsivo e exigente quanto à fertilidade, principalmente em relação à aplicação de fósforo. Em contrapartida, para ambos os clones, aumentando-se a quantidade de nutrientes, observou-se um efeito negativo nos valores das variáveis, principalmente quando combinadas as maiores doses de N, P e K (tratamento 160-200-160). A quantidade de nutrientes presentes no tratamento 40-100-40 foi a mais indicada como adubação de plantio tanto para o clone RRIM 600, quanto para o PR 255.

ABSTRACT We examined the effect of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for late gestating sows on sow and litter performance, colostrum chemical composition, and sow behavior. Sixty gestating sows of 3.77±1.65 parity were divided into three groups of 20 animals, in a randomized block design with 0 (corn-soybean meal diet), 150, or 300 g kg−1 DDGS from 84 days of gestation until farrowing. Sows fed 300 g kg−1 DDGS presented a lower frequency of standing position and eating activity. The lying lateral position was more frequent in the first 40 min post-feeding for sows fed the highest DDGS level. There was no effect of diets on sow and litter performance; however, DDGS inclusion tended to increase lactation feed intake. Inclusion of DDGS was inclined to produce more lactose and less protein in colostrum, but did not affect colostrum fat, total solids, and ash contents. Inclusion of up to 300 g kg−1 DDGS in the diet of late gestation sows does not change sow and litter performance and colostrum composition compared with corn-soybean meal diets, but it favored animal welfare.

ABSTRACT Background: We analyzed the trends and spatial patterns of schistosomiasis-related mortality in Northeast Brazil in 2000-2019. Methods: A mixed population-based ecological study was conducted, using information on the underlying or associated causes of death. We used Joinpoint regression analysis to calculate the trends. The spatial analysis included rates, spatial moving averages, and standardized mortality rates. The spatial dependence analysis was based on Getis-Ord's G and Gi* indices (Gi star) and local Moran’s index to check for autocorrelation. Results: A total of 5,814,268 deaths were recorded, of which 9,276 (0.16%) were schistosomiasis-related; 51.0% (n=4,732, adjusted rate 0.90/100,000 inhabitants [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.93]) were males; 40.0% (n=3,715, adjusted rate 7.40/100.000 inhabitants [95%CI: 7.16-7.64]) were ≥70 years old; 54.8% (n=5,087, crude rate 0.80/100,000 inhabitants) were of mixed/Pardo-Brazilian ethnicity; and 77.9% (n=7,229, adjusted rate 0.86/100,000 inhabitants [95%CI: 0.84-0.88]) lived outside state capitals. The highest proportion of deaths was in the state of Pernambuco (53.9%, n=4,996, adjusted rate 2.72/100,000 inhabitants [95%CI: 2.64-2.79]). Increasing mortality rate was verified in the state of Sergipe. On the coast of the state of Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia, there was spatial dependence of spatio-temporal risk patterns with clusters. Throughout the study period, we found positive spatial autocorrelation and cluster formation. Conclusions: In Northeast Brazil, schistosomiasis persists with a high mortality rate, especially in the coastal region, with heterogeneous spatial and temporal patterns. To eliminate schistosomiasis by 2030, it is necessary to strengthen the financing and management of the unified health system (SUS).

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da enzima fitase e dos grãos secos de destilaria com solúveis (distillers dried grains with solubles - DDGS) sobre digestibilidade, desempenho e viabilidade econômica de suínos em crescimento. Foram realizados dois experimentos, com uma dieta de referência (RD) à base de milho e farelo de soja; RD + 200 g kg -1 DDGS (DDGS); RD + 1.000 unidades de fitase (PHY); e RD + 200 g kg -1 DDGS + 1.000 unidades de fitase (D + P). No experimento 1, oito suínos machos castrados com peso de 29,35 ± 5,74 kg foram usados através do método de coleta total, com repetição no tempo para avaliação da digestibilidade. No experimento 2, 40 suínos machos castrados 47,65 ± 3,99 kg, com cinco repetições de dois animais por unidade experimental foram usados para avaliação de desempenho e viabilidade econômica. DDGS aumentou a excreção de nitrogênio e energia nas fezes e na urina, prejudicando os coeficientes de digestibilidade e a metabolizabilidade da energia. Os animais que consumiram dietas com DDGS apresentaram pior desempenho enquanto a fitase não afetou os resultados. As dietas com a inclusão de 200 g kg -1 DDGS e 1.000 unidades de fitase não diferem no custo por quilograma em relação à dieta de controle.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phytase enzyme and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) on the digestibility, performance and economic viability of growing pigs. Two experiments were conducted with a reference diet (RD) based on corn and soybean meal: RD with 200 g kg -1 DDGS (DDGS); RD + 1,000 units of phytase (PHY); and RD + 200 g kg-1 DDGS + 1,000 units of phytase (D+P). In experiment 1, eight castrated male pigs weighing 29.35 ± 5.74 kg were used through the total collection method and replicates in time for digestibility evaluation. In experiment 2, 40 castrated male pigs 47.65 ± 3.99 kg, with five replicates of two animals per experimental unit, were used for performance and economic evaluation. DDGS increased the excretion of nitrogen and energy in feces and urine, impairing the digestibility coefficients and metabolizability of dietary energy. The animals that consumed diets with DDGS presented the worst performance, while phytase did not influence the results. Diets with the inclusion of 200 g kg -1 DDGS and 1,000 units of phytase did not differ in cost per kilogram compared to the control diet.

Abstract Let G be a graph on n vertices. The Laplacian matrix of G, denoted by L(G), is defined as L(G) = D(G) −A(G), where A(G) is the adjacency matrix of G and D(G) is the diagonal matrix of the vertex degrees of G. A graph G is said to be L-integral if all eigenvalues of the matrix L(G) are integers. In this paper, we characterize all Lintegral non-bipartite graphs among all connected graphs with at most two vertices of degree larger than or equal to three.

Abstract Conyza species are important weeds in global agriculture, especially due to their capacity to evolve resistance to multiple herbicide mechanisms of action. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and distribution of resistance to glyphosate and chlorimuron-ethyl in Conyza spp. populations from Brazil. Seed samples were collected from grain production areas across nine Brazilian states over five consecutive years (2014 to 2018). Prior to resistance monitoring trials, dose-response assays were conducted to determine a single dose of glyphosate or chlorimuron-ethyl to discriminate resistant and susceptible populations. Resistance monitoring based on plant responses to the application of discriminatory doses of glyphosate (960 g ha-1) or chlorimuron-ethyl (20 g ha-1). Populations were classified as resistant, moderately resistant, or susceptible to either herbicide. While glyphosate resistance was highly frequent (71.2%) in all the five years, chlorimuron-ethyl resistant populations occurred at 39.8% of the total. The frequency of multiple resistance to both herbicides (35.3%) was proportional to the occurrence of chlorimuron-ethyl resistance (39.6%). Resistance to glyphosate and to chlorimuron-ethyl were found across all states evaluated.

Abstract Aim: The present study aimed to verify the cardiac oxidative stress biomarker responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in rats. Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were equally divided into two groups (8 animals/group): sedentary control (SC) and trained group (HIIT). The exercise protocol consisted of high-intensity swimming (14% of body weight, 20 s of activity with 10 s of pause performed 14 times) which was performed for 12 consecutive days. Results: The cardiac tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins showed no significant changes; on the other hand, hydroperoxide levels were higher in the HIIT group than in the SC group. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase enzymes and the levels of reduced glutathione and sulfhydryl remained unchanged. Conclusion: It is possible to conclude that short-term high-intensity interval training induces changes in the cardiac oxidative stress biomarker but with no effect on the antioxidant enzymes.

Abstract This study evaluated the inclusion of concentrate and monensin, salinomycin and flavomycin in sheep diets on intake, digestibility, in situ degradability, ruminal variables and nitrogen balance. Five sheep in a latin square received the treatments: HAY (hay only), CONT (hay + concentrate), MON (hay + concentrate + monensin), SALI (hay + concentrate + salinomycin), and FLAV (hay + concentrate + flavomycin). Hay was offered ad libitum, concentrate, 20 g kg-1 of body weight (BW), and additives, 0.75 mg kg-1 of BW. The treatments with the concentrate (CONT, MON, SALI and FLAV) showed increased (P≤0.05) on intake, digestibility, total VFA, propionate and butyrate proportions, N-NH3, and nitrogen balance, and decreased (P≤0.05) DM and NDF degradability, acetate proportion, acetate:propionate ratio, and rumen pH compared to the HAY. The comparison between the outcome effects from additives with the CONT showed that the acetate proportion and acetate:propionate ratio was only reduced by MON (P≤0.05). MON and SALI increased (P≤0.05) the propionate proportion. The proportion of butyrate was increased with the inclusion of FLAV and reduced with MON 8and SALI. Only MON reduced the production of N-NH3 (P≤0.05). Other variables showed no effects from additives (P>0.05) in relation to the CONT. The inclusion of the concentrate in sheep diets caused alterations on intake, digestibility, ruminal variables (VFA, pH, and N-NH3) and nitrogen balance. However, the additives only altered the ruminal variables (VFA and N-NH3) and the greatest effects were observed with MON.

Resumen El presente estudio evaluó la inclusión de concentrado con monensina, salinomicina y flavomicina en dietas para ovinos, evaluando consumo, digestibilidad, degradabilidad in situ, variables ruminales y balance de nitrógeno. Cinco ovejas, bajo un diseño de cuadrado latino, recibieron cada uno de los tratamientos: HENO (solo heno como tratamiento control), CONT (heno + concentrado), MON (heno + concentrado + monensina), SALI (heno + concentrado + salinomicina) y FLAV (heno + concentrado + flavomicina). HENO fue suministrado ad libitum, mientras que el concentrado fue a 20 g kg-1 de peso corporal (PC) y los aditivos a 0.5 mg kg-1 de PC. Los tratamientos con el concentrado (CONT, MON, SALI y FLAV) mostraron un aumento (P≤0.05) en consumo, digestibilidad, AGV totales, proporciones de propionato y butirato, N-NH3 y balance de nitrógeno, y disminuyeron (P≤0.05) degradabilidad de materia seca y fibra en detergente neutro, proporción de acetato, relación acetato: propionato y pH del rumen comparado con el tratamiento control. La comparación entre los efectos dados por los aditivos con el CONT mostraron que la proporción de acetato y la relación acetato:propionato solo se redujeron en MON (P≤0.05). MON y SALI aumentaron (P≤0.05) el propionato, mientras que el butirato incrementó con la inclusión de FLAV, reduciéndose con MON y SALI. Únicamente MON disminuyó la producción de N-NH3 (P≤0.05). Otras variables no mostraron efectos de los aditivos (P>0.05) en relación con CONT. La inclusión del concentrado en las dietas para ovejas causó alteraciones en el consumo, digestibilidad, variables ruminales (AGV, pH y N-NH3) y balance de nitrógeno, sin embargo, los aditivos solo alteraron las variables ruminales (AGV y N-NH3), observando los mayores efectos con el MON.

RESUMEN La soya (Glycine max) es un cultivo de gran poder económico en el mundo, siendo destinada a la producción de aceite vegetal, así como para la alimentación animal y humana. Investigaciones recientes indican que la aplicación de nutrientes en la fase de semilla contribuye al desarrollo inicial y productivo de los cultivos. Dado que el silicio (Si), como nutriente para las plantas, actúa en la estructura celular y en la formación y el desempeño de la arquitectura de la planta, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la aplicación de silicio a través de las semillas en el crecimiento inicial de tres cultivares de soya. El diseño experimental fue de bloques aleatorios. Los tratamientos fueron replicados tres veces y se distribuyeron en un esquema factorial 3×5, compuesto por 3 cultivares (FTR 1186 IPRO, FTR 1192 IPRO, FTR 3190 IPRO) y cinco dosis de silicio (0, 30, 60, 90 y 120 g por 100 kg de semillas). Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de varianza por la prueba F y regresión polinomial para las dosificaciones de silicio, la respuesta de los cultivares fue evaluada por medio de la prueba de medias de Tukey. El tratamiento de las semillas de soya con silicio no influyó positivamente en la masa seca de la raíz del cultivar FTR 1192 IPRO, ni en la longitud y el diámetro de la raíz del cultivar FTR 1186 IPRO. El cultivar FTR 3190 IPRO no fue influenciada por la aplicación de silicio.

ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max) is a crop of high economic power in the world, being used to produce vegetable oil, as well as a source of food for animals and humans. Recent research indicates that nutrient application in the seed stage contributes to an early and productive development of crops. Since silicon (Si), as a nutrient for plants, acts in the cellular structure and the formation and performance of plant architecture, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silicon application via seeds on the initial growth of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized block. The treatments were replicated three times and distributed in a 3×5 factorial scheme, composed by three soybean cultivars (C1 - FTR 1186 IPRO, C2 - FTR 1192 IPRO and C3 - FTR 3190 IPRO) and five silicon doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g per 100 kg of seeds). The data were submitted to ANOVA by F-test and polynomial regression analysis for the silicon doses; the cultivars response was evaluated through the Tukey mean test. The treatment of soybean seeds with silicon did not positively influence the root dry mass of the FTR 1192 IPRO, nor the root length and root diameter of the FTR 1186 IPRO. The application of silicon did not influence the FTR 3190 IPRO.

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the digestibility and energy of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from corn and sorghum with or without xylanase enzyme in diets for pigs. The values of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), gross (GE), digestible (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and digestibility coefficients (DC) were determined. In the experiment 1, we used eight barrows of 26.15±3.45 kg with repeated measures in three periods of five days of collection. The treatments consisted of a reference diet (RD); RD with 200 g kg−1 corn DDGS or sorghum DDGS; and RD with 400 g kg−1 corn DDGS or sorghum DDGS. Corn DDGS showed higher values of DE, ME, and DC of EE, GE, and CP. Inclusions of 400 g kg−1 of the test ingredients resulted in higher values of DE and ME and trend for higher DC of DM, OM, and CP. In experiment 2, nine barrows weighing 34.91±1.46 kg were fed RD, 200 g kg−1 corn DDGS or 200 g kg−1 corn DDGS plus xylanase enzyme. The inclusion of xylanase did not influence the digestibility and energy values in diets containing corn DDGS. Values of DE and ME of corn DDGS were 3,477 and 3,277 kcal kg−1, respectively, for the substitution of 200 g kg−1 and 3,761 and 3,068 kcal kg−1 for the substitution of 400 g kg−1 RD. For sorghum DDGS, DE and ME values were 3,030 and 2,863 kcal kg−1, respectively, for replacement of 200 g kg−1 and 3,398 and 3,296 kcal kg−1 for substitution of 400 g kg−1 RD. Levels of up to 400 g kg−1 do not influence the DE and ME of the diets but impair the digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, CP, EE, MM, and NDF. The use of xylanase enzyme in diets containing 200 g kg−1 of corn DDGS does not affect the digestibility of the diets.

Resumo O feijão-vagem (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma leguminosa economicamente importante em todo o mundo, devido à sua boa qualidade nutricional, considerada fonte de proteínas, fibras, vitaminas e minerais. Além disso, esta hortaliça apresenta altos níveis de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante, fatores que contribuem para a prevenção contra os efeitos de oxidação por radicais livres. Assim, o presente estudo caracterizou cinco genótipos de feijão-vagem (UEL 1, UEL 2, UEL 405, UEL 415 e Alessa) em relação à concentração de aminoácidos, ao teor de compostos fenólicos totais e à atividade antioxidante. A análise de aminoácidos indicou que os genótipos UEL 415 e UEL 2 apresentaram as maiores concentrações de ácido glutâmico e histidina, com 12,9 e 2,27 g/ 100 g, respectivamente. No entanto, apenas o genótipo UEL 1 apresentou as maiores concentrações de compostos fenólicos totais (0,492 mg GAE / 100 g) e a capacidade antioxidante por captura de radicais DPPH• (64,71%). Os genótipos UEL 1, UEL 2 e UEL 415 apresentaram características desejáveis para o programa de melhoramento genético de feijão e exploração comercial por indústrias de alimentos.

Abstract The snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an economically important legume worldwide due to its good nutritional quality, being considered as a source of protein, fibre, vitamins and minerals. Furthermore, snap beans present high phenolic compound levels and antioxidant activity, factors that contribute in the prevention of the oxidation effects by free radicals. Hence, the present study characterized five snap bean genotypes (UEL 1, UEL 2, UEL 405, UEL 415 and Alessa) with respect to their amino acid concentrations, total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activities. The amino acid analysis indicated that UEL 415 showed the highest glutamic acid content (12.9 g / 100 g) and UEL 2 the highest histidine content (2.27 g / 100 g). However, only the UEL 1 genotype showed the highest total phenolic compound content (0.492 mg GAE / 100 g) and highest antioxidant activity according to DPPH• radical scavenging (64.71%). The UEL 1, UEL 2 and UEL 415 genotypes presented desirable chemical characteristics for genetic improvement programmes and their commercial exploitation by food industries.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protected fat from palm oil on body weight and milk production and composition of lactating Lacaune ewes. Four treatments (0, 20, 40, and 60 g kg−1 as fed) of protected fat from palm oil were used to feed nine animals in each group. Isoproteic and isoenergetic diets were formulated and adjusted for each animal after milk weighing. Corn silage was used as roughage on the same proportion of concentrated to feed all animals. Milk samples were collected weekly for chemical analyses up to the seventh week of the lactation period and every other week after that until the end of the lactation period (182 days). Increased levels of protected fat in the diet of lactating ewes resulted in lower body weight gain and poor animal body condition. The production peak showed differences and was higher in the treatment of 40 g kg−1 of palm oil, but milk production during lactation was higher in animals that received 60 g kg−1 of protected fat supplementation. Animals fed 60 g kg−1 of protected fat showed the highest milk yield. We observed a positive linear effect on milk fat content, whereas the effect on milk protein, lactose, and nonfat solids was linearly negative after dairy sheep fed protected fat from palm oil. There were no changes in the amount (kg) of milk fat, protein, lactose, total solids, and nonfat solids in any of the treatments. Therefore, protected fat from palm oil is efficient to increase milk production and fat content.