RESUMO O semiárido é marcado por incertezas e variabilidade do volume hídrico disponível para usos múltiplos. O objetivo com o estudo foi construir um modelo de programação linear que proporcione a maximização da receita líquida do produtor e a otimização do uso dos recursos hídricos em aquífero aluvial no semiárido brasileiro, com vistas à sustentabilidade econômica e hídrica, estabelecendo um plano ótimo de exploração agropecuária. O modelo proposto utilizou coeficientes técnicos oriundos de dados primários obtidos nas diversas unidades de produção, bem como de dados secundários de trabalhos técnico-científicos realizados na região e considerou restrições. Foram realizadas simulações de três níveis de disponibilidade de água e de apenas dois ciclos anuais da produção de camarão, tendo em vista o volume explotado por ciclo e a contínua expansão da atividade na região. O modelo se mostrou eficiente na proposta de um plano ótimo de ocupação e na otimização dos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, que, em sua condição potencial, tem na atividade da carcinicultura uma importância relevante sob a ótica da dimensão econômica. A análise de sensibilidade dos parâmetros do modelo permitiu compreender a estabilidade da solução ótima frente às variações nos coeficientes técnicos. O recurso água apresentou folga igual a zero, indicando se tratar de um recurso limitante. A drástica redução na receita líquida face à redução na disponibilidade de água sinaliza para os riscos associados aos anos de escassez hídrica. A redução em um ciclo no cultivo do camarão em anos de escassez hídrica moderada é uma alternativa factível sob a ótica financeira.

ABSTRACT The semi-arid region is marked by uncertainties and variability in the water volume available for multiple uses. The objective of the study was to construct a linear programming model that promotes maximization of the net income of the producer and optimization of the use of water resources in alluvial aquifer in the Brazilian semi-arid region, with a view to economic and water sustainability, establishing an optimal plan for agricultural exploitation. The proposed model used technical coefficients from primary data obtained in the various production units, as well as secondary data from technical-scientific studies conducted in the region, and considered constraints. Simulations were performed for three levels of water availability and two annual cycles of shrimp farming, considering the volume exploited per cycle and the continuous expansion of the activity in the region. The model proved to be efficient in the proposal of an optimal plan of occupation and optimization of groundwater resources, which, in its potential condition, has a relevant importance in the shrimp farming activity from the economic dimension perspective. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters allowed understanding the stability of the optimal solution in the face of variations in the technical coefficients. The water resource had slack equal to zero, indicating that it is a limiting resource. Drastic reduction in net income due to reduction in water availability points to risks associated with years of water scarcity. Reduction of one cycle in shrimp farming in years of moderate water scarcity is a feasible alternative from a financial perspective.

RESUMO O status hídrico das plantas é diretamente influenciado pela umidade do solo. Objetivou-se avaliar as relações hídricas de plantas de milho, híbrido Duplo AG 1051, expostos a diferentes níveis de umidades do solo (80; 90; 100; 110 e 120% da umidade equivalente à capacidade de retenção de água no solo) e adubadas de duas maneiras (convencional e via fertirrigação). O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido no Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, município do Recife-PE, entre os meses de agosto a outubro de 2019. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, com quatro repetições e um total de quarenta unidades experimentais. Em plantas submetidas ao manejo de irrigação menores que 100% da capacidade de campo, a fertirrigação aumentou o conteúdo relativo de água, a suculência foliar, o potencial hídrico foliar e o ajuste osmótico, quando comparado com a adubação convencional. A fertirrigação resultou em maiores taxas de transpiração e eficiência do uso da água em plantas irrigadas a 95% da capacidade de campo. As estratégias de adubação influenciaram os potenciais hídrico, osmótico e de pressão, e no ajustamento osmótico ocorrido nas plantas sob estratégias de irrigação inferiores a 100% da capacidade de campo.

ABSTRACT The water status of crops is directly affected by soil water availability. As such, this study aimed to analyze water relations in maize (double-cross hybrid AG 1051) under different soil moisture contents (80, 90, 100, 110, and 120% of field capacity - FC) and fertilization systems (conventional and fertigation). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Agricultural Engineering Department of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, in the municipality of Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil, from August to October 2019. The experimental design was randomized blocks with a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, four replicates and a total of forty experimental units. At soil moisture levels below 100% of field capacity (100% FC), fertigation increased the relative water content, leaf succulence, leaf water potential, and osmotic adjustment of maize plants. When compared to conventional fertilization, fertigation resulted in higher transpiration rates and better water use efficiency in crops irrigated at 95% of field capacity (95% FC). In plants submitted to soil moisture levels below 100% FC, the fertilization system influenced water, osmotic, and pressure potential, and osmotic adjustment occurred.

RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar inquérito epidemiológico para identificar a prevalência e os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo alfaherpesvírus bovino 1 (BoHV-1) em bovinos do oeste do Estado de Pernambuco. Foram analisadas amostras de soro de 369 animais, distribuídos entre 19 propriedades rurais de três municípios: Afrânio; Araripina; e Petrolina. Os bovinos participantes não eram vacinados contra o vírus, possuíam idade igual ou superior a dois anos e eram de rebanhos de corte e/ou leite. O diagnóstico sorológico foi realizado por meio da técnica de soroneutralização em microplacas. Em cada propriedade foram aplicados questionários epidemiológicos contendo informações sobre as características da exploração pecuária. Foi realizada análise estatística univariada, seguida de um modelo misto, com rebanho como intercepto aleatório para identificação de possíveis fatores de risco. A prevalência encontrada nos rebanhos e nos animais foi de 89,5% (17/19) e de 43,1% (159/369), respectivamente. Na análise univariada, o contato com bovinos vizinhos apresentou uma OR = 4,42, indicando a importância desta variável na epidemiologia da doença. A identificação de animais soropositivos na área de estudo indica que é necessário o estabelecimento de medidas de controle e prevenção, visando proteger o status sanitário dos rebanhos na região de estudo.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to conduct an epidemiological survey to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) infection in cattle from western Pernambuco State. Serum samples from 369 animals were analyzed, distributed across 19 rural properties in three municipalities: Afrânio, Araripina, and Petrolina. The participating cattle were unvaccinated against the virus, aged two years or older, and belonged to beef and/or dairy herds. Serological diagnosis was performed using the microplate serum neutralization test. Epidemiological questionnaires were applied on each property, gathering information about livestock production characteristics. Statistical analysis included a univariate approach followed by a mixed model with the herd as a random intercept to identify potential risk factors. The prevalence observed in herds and individual animals was 89.5% (17/19) and 43.1% (159/369), respectively. In the univariate analysis, contact with neighboring cattle showed an odds ratio (OR) of 4.42, emphasizing the importance of this variable in the disease’s epidemiology. The detection of seropositive animals in the study area highlights the need to establish control and prevention measures to safeguard the health status of herds in the region.

Abstract Quilombola women are primarily responsible for maintaining ethnopharmacological knowledge. Their knowledge is transmitted orally to their descendants, preserving cultural identity and ensuring the survival of Quilombola communities. Was conducting a scoping review on the use of medicinal plants by Quilombola women. Based on the PPC strategy (population, concept, and context) and the “Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual”, this systematic scoping review sought to answer the guiding question: which medicinal plants are used for diseases that compromise women's health in Brazilian communities of African descent? The article has registered this research in the Open Science Framework available at osf.io/eb2nc, at identifier DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5N24Y. Using the search keys, 888 studies were found. After reading the titles and abstracts, 38 studies moved on to the next stage. During the reading of the texts in full, 32 were excluded for not meeting all the inclusion criteria and six studies were included in the research. In all, 44 plants, belonging to 23 families, were mentioned in the studies. The plants reported by the study have a plurality in their therapeutic use, the form of preparation, and part of the plant used. Regarding women's health, plants were recorded for sexual, menstrual, and postpartum care. The appreciation and recognition of this ancestral knowledge contribute not only to Women's health but also to strengthening the identity and rescuing the cultural roots of these communities.

RESUMO: As características químicas da biomassa lignocelulósica determinam sua adequação como fonte de energia, afetando sua combustibilidade, estabilidade de chama e eficiência energética geral. Portanto, este estudo avaliou a correlação entre as características químicas e o poder calorífico superior (PCS) nos componentes da biomassa de eucalipto (madeira, casca, galhos e folhas) de três espécies (E. benthamii, E. dunnii e E. saligna). Os resultados revelaram composições químicas variadas entre os componentes, o que impactou o PCS de forma diferente. Notavelmente, os materiais voláteis influenciaram positivamente o PCS, enquanto o teor excessivo de cinzas afetou negativamente o potencial energético. Correlações positivas com o PCS foram observadas para o teor de extrativos totais na casca, teor de lignina total nas folhas, teor de materiais voláteis na casca, folhas e caule e teor de carbono fixo no caule. Por outro lado, o teor de holocelulose reduziu o PCS da casca. Os materiais voláteis, exceto nos galhos, aumentaram eficientemente o PCS. Nenhuma das características químicas teve impacto significativo no PCS dos galhos.

ABSTRACT: The chemical characteristics of lignocellulosic biomass determine its suitability as an energy source, affecting its combustibility, flame stability, and overall energy efficiency. Therefore, this study assessed the correlation between the chemical characteristics and higher heating value (HHV) in Eucalyptus biomass components (wood, bark, branches, and leaves) of three species (E. benthamii, E. dunnii, and E. saligna). The results revealed varying chemical compositions among the components and species, which impacted the HHV differently. Notably, volatile materials positively influenced the HHV, whereas excessive ash content negatively affected the energy potential. Positive correlations with HHV were observed for the total extractives content in the bark, total lignin content in the leaves, volatile materials content in the bark, leaves, and stem, and fixed carbon content in the stem. Conversely, the holocellulose content reduced the bark HHV. Volatile materials, except in the branches, efficiently increased the HHV. None of the chemical characteristics had a significant impact on the branches HHV.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa fornecer uma revisão sistemática sobre a aplicação da inteligência artificial nos sistemas de produção, aliada a pecuária de precisão e ao melhoramento genético animal. Os dados foram coletados a partir de estudo bibliométrico para mapear a produção acadêmica, abordando o tema Uso da Inteligência Artificial Aplicada ao Melhoramento Genético Animal, utilizando-se como base a plataforma Web of Science (WoS) e o pacote Bibliometrix do software R. Foram encontradas 60 publicações nos últimos 24 anos. Os Estados Unidos e a Holanda foram os países com maiores números de registros científicos, contendo 49% das publicações. As palavras-chave inteligência artificial, aprendizado profundo, pecuária de precisão e bem-estar animal foram as mais frequentes. A primeira publicação que cita o uso da inteligência computacional na pecuária foi em 1998, e com o avanço dos sistemas de automação, a partir do ano de 2015, houve aumento no número de publicações, com destaque para o ano de 2021. O uso de inteligência artificial na pecuária tem-se mostrado eficiente para a predição das características de produção e individualização dos animais podendo serem utilizados, nos programas de melhoramento, principalmente no processo de fenotipagem e identificação de animais para seleção e gestão de rebanhos, o que potencializa as tomadas de decisões nos sistemas produtivos.

ABSTRACT: This research provided a systematic review of the application of artificial intelligence in production systems, combined with precision livestock farming and animal breeding. The data was collected through a bibliometric study to map academic production on the topic of the Use of Artificial Intelligence Applied to Animal Breeding, based on the Web of Science (WoS) platform and the Bibliometrix package in the R software. A total of 60 publications were found over the last 24 years. The United States and the Netherlands were the countries with the highest number of scientific records, accounting for 49% of the publications. The keywords artificial intelligence, deep learning, precision livestock farming and animal welfare were the most frequent. The first publication citing the use of computer intelligence in livestock farming was in 1998, and with the advance of automation systems, there has been an increase in the number of publications since 2015, with the year 2021 standing out. The use of artificial intelligence in livestock farming has proven to be efficient for predicting production characteristics and individualizing animals, and can be used in breeding programs, especially in the process of phenotyping and identifying animals for selection and herd management, which enhances decision-making in production systems.

Resumo A Doença de Fabry (DF) é uma condição genética ligada ao cromossomo X, causada por variantes no gene GLA, que resultam na deficiência da enzima α-galactosidase A e no acúmulo de globotriaosilceramida (Gb3) em tecidos como o coração, rins e sistema nervoso. Este estudo relata uma série de casos envolvendo pacientes diagnosticados com DF, destacando a diversidade fenotípica da doença, que pode ser confundida com outras condições cardiológicas. A avaliação genética, aliada à dosagem de biomarcadores e à atividade enzimática da α-galactosidase, quando bem indicadas, é essencial para o diagnóstico preciso. O diagnóstico precoce da DF é fundamental para a implementação de tratamentos que retardem a sua progressão, além de evitar complicações graves, reforçando a necessidade de maior conscientização entre os cardiologistas sobre essa condição.

Abstract Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked genetic condition caused by variants in the GLA gene causing enzyme α-galactosidase A deficiency and accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in tissues such as the heart, kidneys, and the nervous system. This study reports a case series of patients with FD, highlighting the phenotypic diversity of the disease, which can be confused with other cardiological conditions. When properly indicated, genetic evaluation, combined with biomarker dosage and α-galactosidase enzymatic activity, is key for an accurate diagnosis. Early diagnosis of FD is fundamental for initiating treatments that can slow disease progression and prevent serious complications, reinforcing the need for greater awareness about this condition among cardiologists.

The Euphorbiaceae family is renowned for its diverse array of compounds, primarily diterpenes, which exhibit multiple biological activities. In Brazil, the genera Jatropha, Cnidoscolus, Sapium, and Stillingia are predominantly found in the Northeast region. Despite their significant pharmacological potential, the chemical profiles of these species remain underexplored. In this context, chemotaxonomic is a tool to identify potential markers and bioactive structures within a given taxon. In order to analyze the chemical patterns among the diterpenes present in the four selected Euphorbiaceae genera, Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) were applied. Two data sets were constructed: one containing 308 diterpenes structures and their 363 botanical occurrences, and a genetic data set encompassing ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) sequences of the selected species. The reconstruction exhibits a close relationship between Jatropha and Cnidoscolus, although it was not able to distinguish Sapium and Stillingia. In other hand, SOMs classified the diterpenes in two groups: the first containing benzene-derived compounds and the second encompassing mainly the tigliane-type, which stands out as a chemical signature. Both groups contain substances with significant cytotoxic activity. This study may guide the discovery of new cytotoxic compounds and provide new insights into the systematics of the Euphorbiaceae family.

Rhodium(III) (RhIII) is a metal with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. In an attempt to improve their biological activities, RhIII complexes are being produced. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of RhIII and its coordination complexes (CCs) with beta cyclodextrin (βCD) and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). The physicochemical characterization of the complexes has been performed. Immunomodulatory activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo in a carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema model. The results confirm the formation of CCs, being endothermic for the βCD system and exothermic for the HPβCD system. Moreover, the CCs self-assemble into supramolecular structures, as shown by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. RhIIIand CCs reduced the nitric oxide production and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) and reduced the thickness of the paws. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate the immunomodulatory activity and anti-inflammatory potential of RhIII and its CCs.

Abstract Soil fertility in the Amazon rainforest is very dependent to litter decomposition as a source of organic carbon and nutrients. Thus, land use that promote high litter decomposition might play a positive influence on soil chemical properties. The present study aimed to quantify the nutritional content of litter in anthropized and natural environments in Southern Amazonas. The study was conducted on two properties in the municipality of Canutama, in four areas: native forest, annatto, cupuassu, and guarana. In each area, 10 conical collectors (0.21 m2) were installed at a height of 0.3 m from the ground. The samples collected in each area for each month were dried in a forced circulation oven at 60°C until reaching constant mass and weighed. Macro- and micronutrient content analyses were performed by sulfuric solubilization (N), nitric perchloric solubilization (Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and incineration (B). Variance analysis and comparison of means by Tukey test at the 5% probability level were applied to the data obtained, along with a multivariate analysis. This comparison was carried out by evaluating the overall average of a whole year of litter formation, as well as for formation within each month evaluated. Sulfur (S) was the only macronutrient that did not differ between environments (0.1 and 0.2 g kg-1). Macronutrients and micronutrient contents of litter (N: 16.92; Mg: 1.08; Cu: 16.00; Zn: 31.70; B: 104.40; g kg-1) were significantly highest in the annatto area. Annato also presents higher K (9.92 g kg-1) and P (0.70 g kg-1) contents. The litter of natural forest and guarana are richer in P (0.88 g kg-1) and Ca (g kg-1), respectively. Cupuassu litter showed lower nutritional contents, especially in macronutrients contents (N: 9.04; P: 0.51; K: 0.28; Ca: 0.76; Mg: 0.44; g kg-1). This indicates that traditional Amazonian agroecosystems may positively to improve quality of litter and impact nutrient cycling in soils highly weathered in the region.

Resumen La fertilidad del suelo em la Amazonía depende en gran medida de la descomposición de la hojarasca como fuente de carbono orgânico y nutrientes. Por lo tanto, el uso de la tierra que promueve una alta descomposición de la hojarasca podría tener uma influencia positiva em las propiedades químicas del suelo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo cuantificar el contenido nutricional de la basura en ambientes antropizados y naturales del sur de Amazonas. El estudio se realizó en dos predios del municipio de Canutama, en cuatro áreas: bosque nativo, achiote, cupuazú y guaraná. En cada zona se instalaron 10 colectores en forma de cono (0,21 m2) a una altura de 0,3 m del suelo. Las muestras recolectadas en cada área para cada mes se secaron en estufa de circulación forzada a 60 °C hasta alcanzar masa constante y se pesaron. Los contenidos de macro y micronutrientes se realizaron mediante solubilización sulfúrica (N), solubilización nítrica perclórica (Ca, Mg, P, K, Na, S, Cu, Fe, Mn y Zn) e incineración (B). A los datos obtenidos se les aplicó análisis de varianza y comparación de medias mediante prueba de Tukey al nivel de probabilidad del 5%, además de un análisis multivariado. Esta comparación se realizó evaluando el promedio general de un año completo de formación de camada y también la formación dentro de cada mes evaluado. El azufre (S) fue el único macronutriente que no difirió entre ambientes, con valores entre 0,1 y 0,2 g kg-1. Los contenidos de macronutrientes y micronutrientes de la hojarasca (N: 16,92; Mg: 1,08; Cu: 16,00; Zn: 31,70; B: 104,40; g kg-1) fueron significativamente mayores en el área de achiote. El achiote también presenta mayores contenidos de K (9,92 g kg-1) y P (0,70 g kg-1). La hojarasca de bosque natural y guaraná son más ricas en P (0,88 g kg-1) y Ca (g kg-1), respectivamente. La zona con cupuasú mostró menores contenidos nutricionales, especialmente en relación con los macronutrientes (N: 9,04; P: 0,51; K: 0,28; Ca: 0,76; Mg: 0,44; g kg-1). Esto indica que los agroecosistemas tradicionales amazónicos pueden representar una alternativa para mejorar la calidad química de las capas superficiales de los suelos altamente meteorizados de la región.

ABSTRACT: Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) is a nervous disease that affects ruminants, has a worldwide distribution and causes significant economic losses. PEM is abundantly described and studied in cattle and small ruminants, but there is little information about the disease in buffaloes, especially in Brazil. The objective of this work is to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of an outbreak of PEM in buffaloes in a feedlot in the state of Pará, Brazil. The outbreak occurred in a flock of 76 Murrah buffaloes, with an average age of five months, in a feedlot. Twenty-eight of these buffaloes became ill, and thirteen showed neurological signs and died. Two buffaloes underwent necropsy. The brain and fragments of various abdominal and thoracic cavity organs were fixed in 10% formalin and sent for histopathological examination. In the frontal, parietal, and occipital telencephalic lobes, the convolutions were flattened and yellowish, and when cut, there was a clear line of demarcation between the superficial and deep layers. Histologically, the intermediate layers of the cerebral cortex showed mild to moderate vacuolization of the neuropil, moderate enlargement of the perivascular, perineuronal, and periastrocyte spaces, moderate swelling and edema of astrocytes, and a large number of necrotic neurons. The work demonstrates that, despite being poorly documented in Brazil, PEM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological syndromes in buffaloes.

RESUMO: Polioencefalomalacia (PEM) é uma doença nervosa complexa que afeta ruminantes, tem distribuição mundial e causa perdas econômicas significativas. A PEM é abundantemente descrita e estudada em bovinos e pequenos ruminantes, porém há poucas informações sobre a doença em bubalinos, especialmente no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os aspectos clínicos e patológicos de um surto de PEM em búfalos em um confinamento no estado do Pará, Brasil. O surto ocorreu em um lote de 76 búfalos da raça Murrah, com idade média de cinco meses, em um sistema de confinamento. Vinte e oito desses bubalinos adoeceram e treze apresentaram sinais neurológicos e morreram. Dois bubalinos foram submetidos à necropsia. O encéfalo e fragmentos de diversos órgãos da cavidade abdominal e torácica foram fixados em formol a 10% e enviados para exame histopatológico. Nos lobos frontal, parietal e occipital do telencéfalo as circunvoluções estavam achatadas e amareladas e ao corte havia uma clara linha de demarcação entre as camadas superficial e profunda. Na histologia as camadas intermediárias do córtex cerebral apresentavam vacuolização leve a moderada do neurópilo, aumento moderado dos espaços perivascular, perineuronal e periastrocitário, tumefação e edema moderados de astrócitos e grande número de neurônios necróticos. O trabalho demonstra que, apesar de pouco documentada no Brasil, a PEM deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das síndromes neurológicas em bubalinos.

Abstract In the modern world, cancer is a growing cause of mortality, but archeological studies have shown that it is not exclusive to modern populations. The aim of this study is to examine the epidemiologic, social, and clinicopathologic features of head and neck cancers in ancient populations. To do this, we extracted all records that described malignant lesions in the head and neck region available in the Cancer Research in Ancient Bodies Database (CRAB). The estimated age, sex, physical condition of the remains (skeletonized, mummified), anatomic location of tumors, geographic location, chronology, tumor type, and methods of tumor diagnosis were collected. One hundred and sixty-seven cases were found, mostly originating from Europe (51.5%). Most records were of adults between 35 and 49 years of age (37.7%). The most involved site was the skullcap (60.4%), and the most common malignancies were metastases to the bone (65.3%) and multiple myeloma (17.4%). No primary soft tissue malignancies were registered. The results of our study indicate that head and neck cancers were present in ancient civilizations, at least since 500,000 BCE. The available data can help to improve the current understanding of the global distribution of head and neck cancer and its multidimensional impacts on populations in the contemporary world.

ABSTRACT Stress caused by defoliation can compromise the physiological quality of soybean seeds. However, there is evidence that the application of nitrogen (N) can be an alternative to reduce the qualitative losses in seeds caused by defoliating insects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topdressing N fertilization in improving the physiological quality of soybean seeds from plants subjected to artificial defoliation. The experimental design was a randomized block arranged in a 2×4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The treatments consisted of two levels of defoliation (33 and 66%) and four doses of N (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1), using urea (45% N), applied two days after defoliation. Artificial defoliation was performed during the R3 stage by removing one (33%) and two leaflets (66%) from each trifoliate leaf under field conditions. At stage R5.1, leaf area was quantified, and after harvesting, germination, emergence, length, total dry mass, electrical conductivity, total protein content, mass of 1000 seeds, and tetrazolium (vigor and viability) tests were carried out. It was concluded that increasing the defoliation from 33 to 66% impaired the physiological quality of soybean seeds. The use of nitrogen fertilization for coverage after defoliation at the beginning of the reproductive phase cannot minimize qualitative losses in seeds.

ABSTRACT Harvest delay can alter the physiological and sanitary quality of sorghum seeds due to the longer exposure time of seeds to adverse environmental conditions in the field. In this study, we investigated the impact of delayed Sorghum sp. harvest on the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds in four hybrids grown in the tropical soil of the Brazilian Cerrado region. Plants from four Sorghum sp. hybrids (IPA SUDAN 4202, BRS 658, BRS 810, and BRS 373) were grown and submitted to four seed harvest periods (0, 7, 14, and 21 days after stage 9 - seed physiological maturity). The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial, with four replicates. At each harvest period, the thousand-seed weight, water content, first count of the germination test, germination, seedling emergence, emergence speed index, seedling dry matter, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and sanitary quality of seeds were determined. Seeds of higher physiological and sanitary quality of the IPA SUDAN 4202 and BRS 658 sorghum hybrids can be obtained when the harvest is carried out up to 7 days after the physiological maturity stage. However, the delay in seed harvesting at 14 and 21 days after physiological maturity results in a higher incidence of Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Alternaria sp. on the seeds of these hybrids. Delaying the harvest of sorghum seeds from 7 days after the physiological maturity stage compromises seed vigor and viability and increases the incidence of pathogens.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical exercise can be an alternative for preventing and treating the harmful effects of obesity, mainly inflammatory effects on skeletal muscle and liver tissues. However, no consensus exists regarding this purpose's best physical training model. Objective: Evaluate morphological, metabolic, and inflammatory alterations in rats’ skeletal and hepatic muscle tissues caused by aerobic and resistance training. Methods: 24 Wistar rats were divided into sedentary (S), aerobic (AE), and resistance training (R) groups. Blood glucose, total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides were measured periodically. After euthanasia, body mass was measured to calculate the total mass gain during the experiment. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was measured. Adipose tissue was extracted to calculate its percentage relative to body mass and the liver, soleus, and gastrocnemius muscles for morphological analyses and concentrations of glycogen, lipids, and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α). The Kruskall-Wallis test and Dunn's post-test were performed for statistical analysis, adopting p<0.05. Results: Both training models reduced the percentage of adipose tissue, body mass gain, and hepatic TNF-α concentration (p<0.05). AE increased serum HDL, gastrocnemius fiber diameter and reduced the fractal dimension in the soleus (p<0.05). R reduced blood glucose and serum and liver lipids, increased liver and soleus glycogen concentrations, increased gastrocnemius fiber diameter, and decreased TNF-α (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both training models reduced body mass, relative visceral adipose tissue, serum total cholesterol concentration, and liver inflammation. However, resistance training was more effective in promoting metabolic effects in the liver and skeletal muscle and reducing muscle inflammation in rats. Level of Evidence V; Expert Opinion.

RESUMO Introdução: O exercício físico pode se apresentar como uma alternativa para prevenção e tratamento de efeitos deletérios da obesidade, principalmente efeitos inflamatórios sobre os tecidos muscular esquelético e hepático. No entanto, não há consenso quanto ao melhor modelo de treinamento físico para tal finalidade. Objetivos: Avaliar alterações morfológicas, metabólicas e inflamatórias dos treinamentos aeróbico e resistido sobre os tecidos muscular esquelético e hepático de ratos. Métodos: 24 ratos Wistar foram divididos nos grupos sedentário (S), treinamento aeróbico (AE) e resistido (R). Glicemia, colesterol total e triglicerídeos séricos foram mensurados periodicamente. Após a eutanásia, a massa corporal foi mensurada para calcular o ganho total de massa durante o experimento. A lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) foi dosada. O tecido adiposo foi extraído para cálculo de sua porcentagem relativa à massa corporal assim como o fígado e os músculos sóleo e gastrocnêmio para as análises morfológicas e das concentrações de glicogênio, lipídios e Fator de Necrose Tumoral α (TNF-α). Para análise estatística, foram utilizados o teste de Kruskall-Wallis e o pós-teste de Dunn, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Ambos os modelos de treinamento reduziram o percentual de tecido adiposo, ganho de massa corporal e concentração hepática de TNF-α (p<0,05). AE aumentou o HDL sérico, o diâmetro das fibras do gastrocnêmio e reduziu a dimensão fractal no sóleo (p<0,05). R reduziu a glicemia e os lipídios séricos e hepáticos, aumentou a concentração de glicogênio hepático e sóleo, aumentou o diâmetro das fibras gastrocnêmicas e diminuiu o TNF-α (p<0,05). Conclusão: Ambos os modelos de treinamento reduziram a massa corporal, o tecido adiposo visceral relativo, a concentração sérica de colesterol total e a inflamação hepática. No entanto, o treinamento resistido mostrou-se mais eficaz em promover efeitos metabólicos no fígado e no músculo esquelético, além de reduzir a inflamação muscular em ratos. Nível de Evidência V; Opinião do Especialista.

RESUMEN Introducción: El ejercicio físico puede ser una alternativa para prevenir y tratar los efectos nocivos de la obesidad, principalmente los efectos inflamatorios sobre los tejidos del músculo esquelético y del hígado. Sin embargo, no existe consenso sobre cuál es el mejor modelo de entrenamiento físico para este fin. Objetivo: Evaluar las alteraciones morfológicas, metabólicas e inflamatorias del entrenamiento aeróbico y de resistencia en sobre los tejidos músculo esqueléticos y hepáticos de ratas. Métodos: 24 ratas Wistar se dividieron en grupos sedentarios (S), aeróbicos (AE) y de entrenamiento de resistencia (R). Se midieron periódicamente glucosa en sangre, colesterol total y triglicéridos. Después de la eutanasia, se midió la masa corporal para calcular la ganancia de masa total durante el experimento. Se midió la lipoproteína de alta densidad (HDL). Se extrajo tejido adiposo para calcular su porcentaje relativo a la masa corporal, así como hígado, músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio para análisis morfológicos y concentraciones de glucógeno, lípidos y Factor de Necrosis Tumoral α (TNF-α). Para el análisis estadístico fueron utilizados Kruskall-Wallis y el post-test de Dunn, adoptando p<0,05. Resultados: Ambos entrenamientos redujeron el porcentaje de tejido adiposo, masa corporal y la concentración de TNF-α hepático (p<0,05). AE aumentó el HDL sérico, el diámetro de la fibra del gastrocnemio y redujo la dimensión fractal en el sóleo (p<0,05). R redujo la glucosa en sangre y los lípidos séricos y hepáticos, aumentó las concentraciones de glucógeno hepático y sóleo, aumentó el diámetro de la fibra del gastrocnemio y disminuyó el TNF-α (p<0,05). Conclusión: Ambos modelos de entrenamiento redujeron la masa corporal, el tejido adiposo visceral relativo, la concentración sérica de colesterol total y la inflamación hepática. El entrenamiento de resistencia demostró ser más eficaz para promover los efectos metabólicos en el hígado y el músculo esquelético, además de reducir la inflamación muscular en ratas. Nivel de Evidencia V; Opinión del Especialista.