Abstract The objective was to understand the difficulties and potential of a Mental Health (MH) network aimed at children and adolescents, identifying how professionals understand and operationalize the principles of the policy of SM for children and adolescents. Five Focus Groups were held, with the participation of 43 workers. We used lexical analysis through the Iramuteq software, originating four classes: “What is being a child and adolescent?”; “What do children and adolescents suffer from?”; “On the relationship between services” and “Potentials and challenges of the Mental Health Network”. Difficulties in sharing care were identified, articulating the network outside of oneself. Capsij is perceived as a priority for user embracement, and there is still difficulty in providing care in MH in Primary Care (AB). It is concluded that the complexity of care in MS for children and adolescents imposes the need to continue strategies to strengthen the AB and intersectoral actions aimed at an expanded clinic.

Resumen El objetivo fue comprender las dificultades y potencialidades de una red de Salud Mental (SM) para niños y adolescentes, identificando cómo los profesionales entienden y operacionalizan los principios de la política de SM para la niñez y adolescencia. Se realizaron cinco Grupos Focales, en los que participaron 43 trabajadores. Se utilizó el análisis léxico a través del software Iramuteq, originando cuatro clases: “¿Qué es ser niño y adolescente?”; “¿Qué padecen los niños y adolescentes?”; “Sobre la relación entre servicios” y “Potencialidades y desafíos de la Red de Salud Mental”. Se identificaron dificultades a la hora de compartir los cuidados, articulando la red para fuera de sí. El Capsij se percibe como una prioridad para la acogida, existiendo aún dificultades para implementar los cuidados en SM en Atención Primaria (AP). Se concluye que la complejidad de la atención en SM para niños y adolescentes impone la necesidad de continuidad de las estrategias de fortalecimiento de la AP y de acciones intersectoriales, visando una clínica ampliada.

Resumo Objetivou-se conhecer as dificuldades e potencialidades de uma rede de Saúde Mental (SM) voltada a crianças e adolescentes, identificando como profissionais compreendem e operacionalizam os princípios da política de SM infantojuvenil. Foram realizados cinco Grupos Focais, com participação de 43 trabalhadores. Utilizou-se da análise lexical por meio do software Iramuteq, originando quatro classes: “O que é ser criança e adolescente?”; “Do que sofrem as crianças e adolescentes?”; “Sobre a relação entre os serviços” e “Potencialidades e desafios da Rede de Saúde Mental”. Identificou-se dificuldades em compartilhar o cuidado, articulando a rede para fora de si. O Capsij é percebido como prioritário para o acolhimento, havendo, ainda, dificuldade em efetivar os cuidados em SM na Atenção Básica (AB). Conclui-se que a complexidade da atenção em SM para crianças e adolescentes impõe a necessidade de continuidade de estratégias de fortalecimento da AB e de ações intersetoriais visando uma clínica ampliada.

ABSTRACT In a breeding program, the estimation of genetic progress over the years provides a broad view of the program as well as grounds for optimal decision-making. In this respect, the present study proposes to estimate the genetic progress of 54 soybean cultivars released to the Brazilian Midwest between the years 2000 and 2017. Two experiments were conducted during the 2017/18 crop year. Grain yield (GY), maturity group (MG), 100-seed weight (100SW), number of pods per plant (NPP), number of seeds per pod (NSP) and plant height (PH) were evaluated. Genetic progress was estimated by the direct methodology and by linear regression. According to the direct method, the average annual genetic progress was positive for GY (1.92%), 100SW (2.69%), NPP (2.31%), NSP (1.10%) and PH (0.32%), but negative for MG (-0.44%). The results obtained using both methodologies agree on the obtained increases for GY and 100SW and the decreases for MG.

RESUMO Em um programa de melhoramento genético, a estimativa do progresso genético ao longo dos anos fornece uma visão ampla do programa, bem como bases para uma ótima tomada de decisão. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo se propõe a estimar o progresso genético de 54 cultivares de soja lançadas para o Centro-Oeste brasileiro entre os anos de 2000 e 2017. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na safra 2017/18. Foram avaliados o rendimento de grãos (RG), grupo de maturidade (GM), peso de 100 sementes (P100), número de vagens por planta (NVP), número de sementes por vagem (NSP) e altura de planta (AP). O progresso genético foi estimado pela metodologia direta e por regressão linear. De acordo com o método direto, o progresso genético anual médio foi positivo para GR (1,92%), P100 (2,69%), NVP (2,31%), NSP (1,10%) e AP (0,32%), mas negativo para GM (- 0,44%). Os resultados obtidos por ambas as metodologias concordam com os aumentos obtidos para RG e P100 e decréscimos para GM.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The main objective of the work was to investigate the perception of rural producers in the municipality of Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul state, in relation to the implementation of precision agriculture (PA), in order to verify the difficulties and benefits of the implementation of this practice in rural life. Originality/value: PA technology is increasingly present in the planting process, enabling productivity improvement, lower environmental impact, and rural development, an area of fundamental economic importance for the country. Understanding the perception of the farmers in relation to PA can generate important insights, allowing for successful implementations of that technology. Design/methodology/approach: The research was carried out based on semi-structured interviews. Thus, information was obtained on the perceptions of each farmer in the face of digital transformation in the field and the obstacles encountered in the practices of such technology. Data collection was carried out with five farmers in the municipality of Guaíba. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using the content analysis technique, in its variant of propositional discourse analysis. Findings: The results show that, despite all the technological apparatus, there are challenges to be overcome in the face of the implementation of digital agriculture. Among the difficulties mentioned, the complexity of the systems – a fact not yet reported in theory –, lack of qualified personnel, cost of machinery, dependence on the climate, and difficulties in accessing the internet stand out. Benefits of the implementation of PA were also pointed out, such as the lower use of inputs, the better harvest yield, the improvement in the farmer’s technical knowledge, and the possibility of adapting the existing machinery, which, contradictorily, was also pointed out as being a difficulty.

RESUMO Objetivos: O objetivo central do trabalho foi investigar a percepção dos produtores rurais do município de Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul, em relação à implantação da agricultura de precisão (AP), de modo a verificar as dificuldades e os benefícios percebidos com a implementação dessa prática na vida rural. Originalidade/valor: A tecnologia de AP está cada vez mais presente no processo de plantio. Essa tecnologia possibilita a melhoria da produtividade, menor impacto ambiental e o desenvolvimento rural, área de fundamental importância econômica para o país. Entender qual é a percepção do agricultor em relação à AP pode gerar importantes insights, possibilitando implantações bem-sucedidas da referida tecnologia. Design/metodologia/abordagem: A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Assim, foram obtidas informações sobre percepções de cada agricultor diante da transformação digital no campo e dos obstáculos encontrados nas práticas da tecnologia. A coleta de dados foi realizada com cinco agricultores do município de Guaíba. Posteriormente, os dados foram analisados utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, em sua variante análise proposicional do discurso. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que, apesar de todo o aparato tecnológico, existem desafios a serem superados na implantação da agricultura digital. Entre as dificuldades apontadas pelos participantes, destacam-se a complexidade dos sistemas – fato ainda não relatado na teoria –, a falta de pessoal qualificado, o custo do maquinário, a dependência do clima e as dificuldades de acesso à internet. Também foram apontados benefícios na implantação da A P, sendo eles a menor utilização de insumos, o melhor rendimento da colheita, a melhoria no conhecimento técnico do agricultor e a possibilidade de adaptação do maquinário existente, que, contraditoriamente, foi também apontada como uma dificuldade.

Abstract The formation of biofilm on denture bases is a recurrent clinical problem that favors the development of denture stomatitis. The effectiveness of a hygiene protocol in a 3D-printed denture base resin is still uncertain. Objective To evaluate of the effectiveness of immersion, associated or not with brushing in a soap solution, on the biofilm control of a 3D-printed denture base resin. Methodology Specimens of denture base resins [Cosmos Denture (COS) and Classico (CLA/control)] were contaminated in vitro with Candida albicans and immersed in sodium hypochlorite 0.25% (SH, alkaline peroxide) AP, chlorhexidine digluconate 2% (CD or PBS-Control), associated or not with brushing with 0.78% Lifebuoy soap. Roughness was evaluated before and after brushing and immersion. The effectiveness of the protocols was assessed by CFU/mL, cellular metabolism (XTT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Data were analyzed by T student, ANOVA/Welch, and Tukey/Gomes–Howell pos-hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results CLA showed greater roughness than COS. CFU/mL and XTT were higher in COS resin with a higher hyphae formation. Immersion in SH and CD eliminated CFU/mL and reduced XTT for both resins, associated or not with brushing. AP reduced CFU/mL only when associated with brushing. Conclusions The biofilm on the 3D-printed resin was thicker and presumably more pathogenic, regardless of its smoother surface. Immersions in SH 0.25% and CD 2% are effective hygiene protocols for both resins, associated or not with brushing. AP should be recommended when associated with brushing with a Lifebuoy 0.78% solution.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tibial shaft fracture is the most common long-bone fracture, and the standard treatment is intramedullary (IM) nail fixation. Regardless of the development of this technique pseudoarthrosis remains prevalent. Objectives: Evaluate the correlation between wedge fragment size and displacement, displacement of the main fragments of the 42B2 type, and pseudoarthrosis incidence. Methods: We retrospectively assessed all patients with 42B2 type fracture treated with IM nailing between January, 2015 and December, 2019. Six radiographic parameters were defined for preoperative radiographs in the anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views. Another six parameters were defined for postoperative radiographs at three, six, and 12 months. The Radiographic Union Score for Tibial Fractures score was used to assess bone healing. Results: Of 355 patients with tibial shaft fractures, 51 were included in the study. There were 41 (82.0%) male patients, with a mean age of 36.7 years, 37 (72.5%) had open fractures, and 28 (54.9%) had associated injuries. After statistical analysis, the factors that correlated significantly with nonunion were wedge height > 18 mm, preoperative translational displacement of the fracture in the AP view > 18 mm, and final distance of the wedge in relation to its original anatomical position after IM nailing > 5 mm. Conclusion: Risk factors for nonunion related to the wedge and42B2 fracture are wedge height > 18 mm, initial translation in the AP view of the fracture > 18 mm, and distance > 5 mm of the wedge from its anatomical position after IM nailing. Evidence level III; Retrospective comparative study .

RESUMO Introdução: A fratura da diáfise da tíbia é a fratura mais comum dentre os ossos longos, sendo o tratamento padrão a fixação com haste intramedular (HIM). Independentemente do desenvolvimento da técnica cirúrgica, a pseudoartrose continua prevalente. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o tamanho e o desvio da cunha, os desvios dos fragmentos principais do tipo 42B2 e a incidência de pseudoartrose. Métodos: Avaliamos, retrospectivamente, todos os pacientes com fraturas tipo 42B2 tratados com hastes intramedulares entre janeiro de 2015 e dezembro de 2019. Seis parâmetros radiográficos foram definidos para as radiografias pré-operatórias nas incidências anteroposterior (AP) e perfil. Outros seis parâmetros foram definidos para as radiografias pós-operatórias em 3, 6 e 12 meses de acompanhamento pós-operatório. O Escore Radiográfico de União para as Fraturas da Tíbia (RUST) foi o instrumento usado para avaliar a consolidação óssea. Resultados: Dos 355 pacientes com fraturas da diáfise da tíbia, 51 foram incluídos no estudo. Os pacientes incluídos foram 41 (82,0%) do sexo masculino, com idade média de 36,7 anos, 37 (72,5%) com fraturas expostas e 28 (54,9%) com lesões associadas. Após análise estatística, os fatores que se correlacionaram significativamente com a não consolidação foram a altura da cunha > 18 mm, o deslocamento translacional pré-operatório da fratura na incidência AP > 18 mm e a distância final da cunha em relação à sua posição anatômica original após a cravação do MI > 5 mm. Conclusão: Os fatores de risco para a pseudartrose relacionada com a fratura em cunha e42B2 são a altura da cunha > 18 mm, a translação inicial na vista AP da fratura > 18 mm e a distância > 5 mm da cunha em relação à sua posição anatómica após a fixação IM. Nível de evidência III; estudo comparativo retrospectivo. Nível de evidência III; Estudo retrospectivo comparativo .

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 in drinking water on the development of apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. In total 60 animals were divided into a control group (sound teeth); Group I - regular water without AP; Group II - probiotic water without AP; Group III - regular water with AP; Group IV - probiotic water with AP. AP was induced after 3 days in the control groups and after 7, 21, and 42 days in groups III and IV. The animals were euthanized, and the mandibles were subjected to histotechnical processing. Samples were stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) to identify root canal features, apical and periapical regions. Additionally, histoenzymology was performed to detect osteoclasts, immunohistochemistry was used to identify osteoclastogenesis markers, and the Brown & Brenn technique was applied for microbiological analysis. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 with a significance level of 5%. Although no statistical differences were observed, the groups administered with probiotics showed better conditions in terms of histological aspects seen microscopically. Furthermore, there were no differences in the number of osteoclasts (p > 0.05). The RANKL marker was not found in the probiotic group at 42 days, unlike in group III.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar las variables hortícolas de la lechuga iceberg utilizando dos dosis de compost Bokashi, solo y en combinación, con el bioactivador Penergetic (Penergetic International AG®) frente a la fertilización mineral estándar (NPK) en tres ciclos de cultivo. Los experimentos se realizaron en un invernadero de plástico en la Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil (548 msnm). Los tratamientos fueron: control negativo (agua solamente); control positivo (NPK, 4-14-8); Penergetic solo; Bokashi en dosis de 5 y 10 g/planta con o sin combinación con Penergetic. Las plantas de lechuga se cultivaron en macetas llenas de tierra. Se evaluaron biomasa comercial (BC), diámetro de cabeza (DC), altura de planta (AP) e índice de clorofila (IC). En los tres ciclos evaluados, los tratamientos Bokashi 10 g/planta, Bokashi 10 g/planta + Penergetic y NPK superaron al testigo. En general, las variables estudiadas (BC, DC, AP y CI) en el tratamiento de menor dosis de Bokashi también fueron más altas que el control pero menores que con la dosis más alta de Bokashi y NPK. Penergetic aumentó la BC en el tratamiento con dosis más bajas de Bokashi solo en el primer ciclo de producción, probablemente debido al bajo contenido de materia orgánica en el suelo. El tratamiento Bokashi 10 g/planta mejoró significativamente las variables hortícolas de la lechuga frente al tratamiento de control y fue similar a la fertilización química en dos de los tres ciclos de cultivo.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to compare horticultural variables of iceberg lettuce using two Bokashi compost doses, alone and in combination, with the bioactivator Penergetic (Penergetic International AG®) against standard mineral fertilization (NPK) in three crop cycles. Experiments were conducted in a plastic greenhouse at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil (548 m a.s.l.). The treatments were: negative control (water only); positive control (NPK, 4-14-8); Penergetic alone; Bokashi doses 5 g and 10 g/plant with or without a combination with Penergetic. Lettuce plants were grown in pots filled with soil. Commercial biomass (CM), head diameter (HD), plant height (PH) and chlorophyll index (CI) were evaluated. In the three cycles tested, the Bokashi 10 g/plant, Bokashi 10 g/plant + Penergetic, and NPK treatments surpassed the control. The studied variables (CM, HD, PH and CI) in the lower Bokashi dose treatment were also higher than controls but lower than higher Bokashi doses and NPK. Penergetic increased the CM in the lower Bokashi dose treatment just in the first production cycle, probably due to the poor organic matter content in the soil. The treatment Bokashi 10 g/plant improved significantly the lettuce horticultural variables vs. control treatments and was similar to chemical fertilization in two of three crop cycles.

Resumo O desenvolvimento, estabelecimento e reparo da periodontite apical (PA) depende de vários fatores, que incluem a susceptibilidade do hospedeiro, infecção microbiana, resposta imune, bem como a qualidade do tratamento do canal radicular e a capacidade de reparo do organismo. A compreensão das contribuições genéticas para o risco de desenvolver a PA e apresentar PA persistente tem sido extensivamente explorada na Endodontia moderna. Assim, este manuscrito pretende fornecer uma revisão da literatura em relação aos mediadores bioquímicos envolvidos na sinalização da resposta imune, osteoclastogênese e neoformação óssea, bem como os componentes genéticos envolvidos no desenvolvimento e reparo da PA. Uma revisão narrativa da literatura foi realizada através de uma pesquisa nas bases PUBMED/MEDLINE e uma pesquisa manual nos principais livros sobre a PA. O conhecimento sobre as células, receptores e moléculas envolvidas na resposta imuno-inflamatória do hospedeiro durante a progressão da PA somado ao conhecimento da biologia óssea, especialmente o papel dos osteoblastos, osteócitos e osteoclastos no turnover ósseo, permite a identificação de fatores inerentes ao hospedeiro que podem interferir tanto na progressão como no reparo destas lesões. Os principais resultados dos estudos avaliados na revisão que investigaram a correlação entre polimorfismos genéticos e PA, nos últimos cinco anos, demonstram que os fatores genéticos do indivíduo estão envolvidos no sucesso do tratamento do canal radicular. A discussão desta revisão fornece subsídios que podem ajudar a vislumbrar o desenvolvimento de novas terapias baseadas na identificação de alvos terapêuticos e no desenvolvimento de materiais e técnicas destinadas a atuar a nível molecular para o sucesso clínico, radiográfico e histológico do tratamento endodôntico.

Abstract The development, establishment and repair of apical periodontitis (AP) is dependent of several factors, which include host susceptibility, microbial infection, immune response, quality of root canal treatment and organism's ability to repair. The understanding of genetic contributions to the risk of developing AP and presenting persistent AP has been extensively explored in modern Endodontics. Thus, this article aims to provide a review of the literature regarding the biochemical mediators involved in immune response signaling, osteoclastogenesis and bone neoformation, as the genetic components involved in the development and repair of AP. A narrative review of the literature was performed through a PUBMED/MEDLINE search and a hand search of the major AP textbooks. The knowledge regarding the cells, receptors and molecules involved in the host's immune-inflammatory response during the progression of AP added to the knowledge of bone biology allows the identification of factors inherent to the host that can interfere both in the progression and in the repair of these lesions. The main outcomes of studies evaluated in the review that investigated the correlation between genetic polymorphisms and AP in the last five years, demonstrate that genetic factors of the individual are involved in the success of root canal treatment. The discussion of this review gives subsides that may help to glimpse the development of new therapies based on the identification of therapeutic targets and the development of materials and techniques aimed at acting at the molecular level for clinical, radiographic and histological success of root canal treatment.

Abstract Acute pancreatitis (AP) requires first-line treatment with intensive fluid resuscitation. Hydroelectrolyte changes secondary to this management could be related to an increase in hospital stay, complications, and mortality. The objective of this study was to correlate the increase in serum chlorine (> 8mEq / L) during the first 24 hours (ISC) with a longer hospital stay, complications and mortality in patients with AP. A total of 110 patients with AP admitted to the emergency room were included. Fluid management and serum chlorine were recorded on admission and after 24 hours; duration of hospital stay, complications and mortality, were also registered. 37 patients had ISC (age 56.4 ± 18.4 years; 51% women), there were no differences in age, sex or type of fluid management with patients without ISC. In bivariate analysis, ISC was associated with severe AP (30% vs 12%, p = 0.02), higher APACHE II score at admission (8 [6-15] vs 6 [4-9] points, p = 0.006), and longer hospital stay (9 [7-12] vs 7 [5-10] days, p = 0.03). The overall mortality and complications rate were 16% and 25%, respectively, with no differences between the groups (24% vs. 12%, p = 0.1 and 35% vs. 19%, p = 0.06). After multivariate adjustment, independent predictors of hospital stay were ISC> 8 mEq / L (p = 0.01) and APACHE II scores at 24 hours (p = 0.02). We conclude that ISC is associated with a longer hospital stay in patients with AP from a second-level hospital care population.

Resumen La pancreatitis aguda (PA) requiere tratamiento de primera línea con reanimación hídrica intensiva. Los cambios hidroelectrolíticos secundarios a este manejo podrían relacionarse a un incremento en la estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones y mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue correlacionar el incremento de cloro sérico (>8mEq/L) en las primeras 24hrs (ICS), con una mayor estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones y mortalidad en pacientes con PA. Se incluyeron 110 pacientes con PA ingresados a urgencias, se registró el manejo hídrico y cloro sérico al ingreso y 24 horas después, la estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones y mortalidad. 37 pacientes tuvieron ICS (edad 56,4 ± 18,4 años; 51% mujeres) no hubo diferencias en edad, sexo o tipo de manejo hídrico en pacientes sin ISC. En el análisis bivariado, el ICS se asoció a PA grave (30% vs 12%, p = 0,02), mayor puntuación APACHE II al ingreso (8 [6-15] vs 6 [4-9] puntos, p = 0,006) y estancia hospitalaria más prolongada (9 [7-12] frente a 7 [5-10] días, p = 0,03). La tasa global de mortalidad y complicaciones fueron del 16% y el 25%, respectivamente, sin diferencias entre grupos (24% vs 12%, p = 0,1 y 35% vs 19%, p = 0,06). Después del ajuste multivariado, los predictores independientes de la estancia hospitalaria fueron ICS> 8 mEq/L (p = 0,01) y las puntuaciones APACHE II a las 24 horas (p = 0,02). Concluimos que el ICS se asocia a mayor estancia hospitalaria en pacientes con PA de una población de segundo nivel de atención hospitalaria.

Resumen En este artículo se identifican las principales variables que influyen en la adopción de tecnologías de agricultura de precisión (AP) descritas en la literatura. Para esto, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sistemática en tres bases de datos (Scopus, Web of Science y Scielo), combinando los términos “agricultura de precisión, aplicación y adopción, tecnologías y cultivos”. La búsqueda arrojó más de sesenta documentos, los cuales fueron sometidos a filtros para exclusiones preestablecidas. Como resultado de estos filtros, se seleccionaron once artículos para analizarlos, lo cual permitió identificar contextos de análisis de aplicaciones de tecnologías de AP en Colombia. Los hallazgos muestran que la facilidad de uso y la utilidad percibida son los aspectos principales de la adopción de la aplicación de las tecnologías AP. Asimismo, se encontró que las variables relacionadas con las características del productor y la propiedad son los principales determinantes de la adopción vinculados al contexto ex post.

Abstract This article sought to identify the main variables that influence the adoption of precision agriculture (AP) technologies described in the literature. In this sense, a systematic bibliographic review was carried out in three databases (Scopus, Web of Science and Scielo), combining the terms "Precision Agriculture, Application or Adoption, Technologies and crops". The search yielded more than 60 documents that were submitted to filters for pre-established exclusions. As a result of these filters, 11 articles were selected for analysis, which allowed the identification of AP technology application analysis contexts in Colombia. The results show that ease of use and perceived utility are the main aspects of the use of PA technologies. On the other hand, the variables related to the characteristics of the producer and the property are the main determinants of adoption linked to the ex post context.

Abstract A new sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) showed anti-erosive properties when included in solutions and strong binding force to enamel, but the performance of this protein when added to gel formulations and its effect on surface free energy (SFE) requires further studies. Objective 1) to evaluate the protective effect of gels containing different concentrations of CaneCPI-5 against initial enamel erosion (Experiment 1); and 2) to analyze the SFE (γS) after treating the enamel surface with CaneCPI-5 solution (Experiment 2). Methodology In Experiment 1, 75 bovine enamel specimens were divided into five groups according to the gel treatments: placebo (negative control); 0.27%mucin+0.5%casein (positive control); 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; or 2.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5. Specimens were treated with the gels for 1 min, the AP was formed (human saliva) for 2 h and the specimens were incubated in 0.65% citric acid (pH=3.4) for 1 min. The percentage of surface hardness change (%SHC) was estimated. In Experiment 2, measurements were performed by an automatic goniometer using three probing liquids: diiodomethane, water and ethylene glycol. Specimens (n=10/group) remained untreated (control) or were treated with solution containing 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5, air-dried for 45 min, and 0.5 µL of each liquid was dispensed on the surface to measure contact angles. Results Gels containing 0.1 and 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 significantly reduced %SHC compared to the other treatments (p<0.05). Treated enamel showed significantly lower γS than control, without changes in the apolar component (γSLW), but the polar component (γSAB=Lewis acid-base) became more negative (p<0.01). Moreover, CaneCPI-5 treatment showed higher γS - (electron-donor) values compared to control (p<0.01). Conclusions Gels containing 0.1 mg/mL or 1.0 mg/mL CaneCPI-5 protected enamel against initial dental erosion. CaneCPI-5 increased the number of electron donor sites on the enamel surface, which may affect AP formation and could be a potential mechanism of action to protect from erosion.

RESUMO Explorou-se a influência de diferentes precursores carbonosos no desenvolvimento de fotocatalisadores g-C3N4/xerogel de carbono/ZnO. O acoplamento entre o óxido de zinco e o nitreto de carbono grafítico é adequado para impulsionar a degradação de poluentes orgânicos. A função do xerogel de carbono é melhorar a transferência de cargas e aumentar a atividade do catalisador sob radiação solar. Foram usados diferentes taninos comerciais (PHENOTAN AP, AG e BS) para avaliar o efeito do precursor carbonoso nas propriedades do compósito. O óxido de zinco possui estrutura cristalina hexagonal. A espectroscopia de reflectância difusa mostrou que os materiais absorvem radiação na região do espectro visível, sendo o material preparado com PHENOTAN AP o que apresentou maior capacidade de absorção. A análise de microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou que os materiais são compostos por aglomerados de partículas que tendem a esfericidade. A análise de espectroscopia de energia dispersiva, feita apenas para o material PHENOTAN AP, mostrou que os elementos que compõe o material estão homogeneamente distribuídos na matriz. Por meio da isoterma de nitrogênio, observou-se que os materiais possuem isoterma do tipo IV-H3, sendo que o material PHENOTAN AP apresentou a maior área superficial. A análise de distribuição de poros mostrou que o diâmetro de maior ocorrência se encontra entre 20 e 40 nm. Por meio da termogravimetria, observou-se o material sintetizado com PHENOTAN AP apresenta maior estabilidade térmica. Foi observado que o precursor utilizado na síntese dos compósitos influencia significativamente a atividade fotocatalítica dos materiais. O compósito que apresentou a maior eficiência na fotodegradação do 4-clorofenol sob radiação solar foi o preparado com PHENOTAN AP devido à sua capacidade de absorção de radiação superior, maior área superficial e maior volume de poros. Não houve adsorção significativa do 4-clorefenol nos materiais produzidos, assim como não foi verificada lixiviação dos fotocatalisadores ternários durante o processo.

ABSTRACT The influence of different carbonaceous precursors on the development of g-C3N4/carbon xerogel/ZnO photocatalysts was explored. The coupling between zinc oxide and graphitic carbon nitride is suitable for boosting the degradation of organic pollutants. The function of carbon xerogel is to improve charge transfer and increase catalyst activity under visible radiation. Different commercial tannins (PHENOTAN AP, AG and BS) were used to evaluate the precursor effect on the composite’s properties. X-ray diffractometry showed that the materials have the hexagonal crystal structure of zinc oxide. Diffuse reflectance spectra obtained exhibited the characteristic behavior of zinc oxide (λ<420nm). Furthermore, the material prepared with PHENOTAN AP had a superior visible light absorption capacity. The scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the materials are composed of clusters of particles similar to spheres and the materials in particle size. The dispersive energy spectroscopy analysis was performed only for the material prepared with PHENOTAN AP and evidenced that all elements are well distributed in g-C3N4/carbon xerogel/ZnO matrix. The nitrogen adsorption isotherms of the materials showed that the isotherms characteristics (type IV-H3), whereas the material synthesized with PHENOTAN AP has the largest specific surface area. The pore distribution of the materials showed that the materials had most developed porous structure, with pores ranging from 20 nm to 40 nm. Through thermogravimetry analysis it is possible to observe that the PHENOTAN AP has superior thermal stability. It was observed that the precursor used in the synthesis of composites significantly influences the photocatalytic activity of the materials. The composite with the highest photodegradation efficiency of 4-Chlorophenol under solar radiation was prepared with PHENOTAN AP, since it has a superior visible radiation absorption, greater amount of carbon, greater surface area and greater volume of pores. It is also worth noting that there was no significant adsorption of 4-chlorophenol in the materials synthesized, as well as no leaching of the photocatalysts during the process.

RESUMO: O estabelecimento de condições de crescimento mínimo é fundamental para a conservação in vitro de germoplasma. Alterações nas concentrações do meio básico, na fonte de carbono, são fatores importantes na desaceleração do crescimento de plantas in vitro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo ajustar um protocolo de conservação in vitro de plantas do limoeiro ‘Rugoso da Flórida’. Microestacas de plantas previamente cultivadas in vitro, com aproximadamente 1 cm, foram inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo 10 mL do meio de cultura WPM em diferentes concentrações (1/1, 1/2 e 1/4), suplementado com 0; 12,5; 25 e 50 g.L-1 de sacarose, solidificado com 7 g.L-1 de ágar e o pH ajustado em 5,8. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 15 repetições, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, e mantido sob condições controladas durante 360 dias. Após este período, foram avaliadas altura de planta em cm (AP), número de folhas verdes (NFV), número de folhas senescentes (NFS), número de microestacas (NM) e massa da planta seca em g (MPS). As variáveis que mais contribuíram para explicar a diferença existente no comportamento das plantas do limoeiro ‘Rugoso da Flórida’ no meio de cultura WPM foram NFV e AP com 61,63 e 35,08%, respectivamente. O meio de cultura WPM na sua concentração original com a adição de 25 g.L-1 de sacarose promoveu os melhores resultados na redução do crescimento das plantas in vitro do limoeiro ‘Rugoso da Flórida’, mantendo-as fisiologicamente sadias.

ABSTRACT: The establishment of minimum growth conditions is essential for in vitro germplasm conservation. Changes to the basic medium and carbon source concentrations are important factors for reducing plant growth in vitro. This study adjusted a protocol for the in vitro conservation of ‘Florida Rough’ lemon plants. Microcuttings (approximately 1 cm) from plants that were previously cultivated in vitro were inoculated into test tubes with 10 mL of woody plant medium (WPM) at different concentrations (1/1, 1/2 and 1/4) and supplemented with 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 g.L-1 of sucrose, solidified with 7 g.L-1 agar and adjusted to pH 5.8. The experiment was completely randomized in a 3 x 4 factorial design with 15 replications and was maintained under controlled conditions for 360 days. After this period the plant height in cm (PH), the plant dry mass in g (PDM) and the 21 numbers of green leaves (NGL), senescent leaves (NSL) and microcuttings (NM) were evaluated. The variables that best explained the observed behavior of the ‘Florida Rough’ lemon plants were NGL and PH, with values of 61.63 and 35.08%, respectively. The original concentration of the WPM with the addition of 25 g. L-1 of sucrose yielded the best ‘Florida Rough’ lemon plant growth reduction in vitro while maintaining the physiologically health of the plants.

Resumo Os efeitos deletérios dos sais nas plantas expostas a altas radiações solares tendem a ser mais acelerados em razão do aumento de íons tóxicos na parte aérea vegetal, consequentemente, os processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos serão afetados. No entanto, esses efeitos podem ser minimizados com a utilização de estratégias de manejo, como o uso de tela de sombreamento e ambiente protegido. Nesse sentindo, objetivou-se avaliar as repostas fisiológicas da cultura da beterraba cultivada em diferentes ambientes e irrigada com águas salinas. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, fazendo uso do esquema fatorial 3 × 2, equivalente a três ambientes (PS = pleno sol; TS = telado de sombreamento aberto nas laterais e AP = ambiente protegido) e duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,5 e 6,2 dS m-1), com quatro repetições. Aos 45 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: condutância estomática, fotossíntese liquida, transpiração, concentração interna de CO2, temperatura foliar, eficiência instantânea no uso da água, eficiência da carboxilação instantânea, eficiência intrínseca do uso da água e índice relativo de clorofila. A irrigação com água de maior salinidade afetou negativamente a condutância estomática, a fotossíntese liquida, a temperatura foliar, eficiência instantânea no uso da água de plantas de beterrabas cultivadas em ambiente pleno sol. O ambiente protegido e o telado aberto nas laterais atenuou parcialmente os efeitos deletérios da salinidade.

Abstract The deleterious effects of salts on plants exposed to high solar radiation tend to be more accelerated due to the increase of toxic ions in the aerial plant part. Consequently, the physiological and biochemical processes will be affected. These effects can be minimized, however, with the use of management strategies, such as the use of a shading screen and a protected environment. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological responses of sugar beet cultivated in different environments and irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted in an experimental design entirely randomized, using the factorial scheme 3 × 2, equivalent to three environments (FS = full sun; SSOS = shading screen open on the sides and PE = protected environment) and two electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (0.5 and 6.2 dS m-1), with four repetitions. At 45 days after sowing (DAS) the following variables were analyzed: stomatal conductance, liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, leaf temperature, instantaneous water use efficiency, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, intrinsic water use efficiency, and relative chlorophyll index. Irrigation with water of higher salinity negatively affected stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, leaf temperature and instantaneous water use efficiency of sugar beet plants grown in a full sun environment. The protected environment and open shading on the sides partially mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity.

RESUMO O jogo de Tênis de Mesa não envolve grandes deslocamentos do praticante no ambiente, característica que pode promover maior segurança ao idoso em termos locomotores. Além disso, precisa de coordenação, agilidade, velocidade de reação, equilíbrio dinâmico, que têm sido foco das atuais recomendações de atividade física para a saúde de adultos e idosos. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os efeitos da prática de tênis de mesa na aptidão física e funcional de idosos. Esta pesquisa apresenta delineamento quase experimental com um desenho paralelo e controlado. A amostra foi composta por 16 idosos, alocados 8 no grupo experimental (GE) e 8 no grupo controle (GC). A pesquisa teve duração de 18 semanas, sendo 2 semanas de avaliação (inicial e final) e 16 semanas de intervenção. As avaliações da aptidão física foram realizadas por meio dos testes de agilidade e equilíbrio e aptidão funcional. Na comparação intragrupo (pré-pós intervenção), o GE apresentou diferença significativa para a variável agilidade (pré: 15,6 ± 1,2 s; pós: 14,7 ± 0,7s). Além disso, o GE apresentou redução na Área (pré: 11,00±3,32 cm2; pós: 6,52±3,06 cm2), Amplitude AP (pré: 4,92±2,77 cm; pós: 3,28±0,58 cm) e velocidade ML (pré: 2,77±1,07 cm/s; pós: 2,31±1,03 cm/s) na postura Tandem com os olhos abertos. Nossos achados destacam a importância de um programa de Tênis de Mesa, administrado duas vezes por semana e composto por atividades de baixa a moderada intensidade, para promover um efeito benéfico na agilidade e equilíbrio de idosos fisicamente ativos.

ABSTRACT The Table Tennis game does not involve large displacements by the practitioner in the environment, a characteristic that can promote greater safety for the elderly in locomotor terms. In addition, it needs coordination, agility, speed of reaction, dynamic balance, which have been the focus of current recommendations of physical activity for the health of adults and the elderly. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of table tennis practice on physical and functional fitness in the elderly. This quasi-experimental research with a parallel and controlled design. The sample consisted of 16 elderly people, allocated 8 in the experimental group (EG) and 8 in the control group (CG). The research lasted 18 weeks, with 2 weeks of evaluation (initial and final) and 16 weeks of intervention. Physical fitness assessments were carried out using the agility and balance and functional fitness tests. In the intra-group comparison (pre-post intervention), EG showed a significant difference for the variable agility (pre: 15.6 ± 1.2 s; post: 14.7 ± 0.7 s). Also, the EG showed a reduction in Area (pre: 11.00±3.32 cm2; post: 6.52±3.06 cm2), AP Amplitude (pre: 4.92±2.77 cm; post: 3.28±0.58 cm) and ML speed (pre: 2.77±1.07 cm/s; post: 2.31±1.03 cm/s) in the Tandem posture with eyes open. Our findings highlight the importance of a Table Tennis program, administered twice a week and consisted of low to moderate intensity activities, to promote a beneficial effect on the agility and balance of physically active elderly people.