RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características reprodutivas dos grupos genéticos AquaAmérica não endogâmicos e endogâmicos, GIFT e AquaAmérica × GIFT. Foram utilizados seis peixes de cada grupo genético (duas fêmeas:um macho). As fêmeas foram examinadas quanto à presença de ovos na boca a cada quatro dias, durante 12 semanas. A reprodução ocorreu em todos os grupos genéticos (GIFT: 100%; AquaAmérica não endogâmica e AquaAmérica × GIFT: 75%; AquaAmérica endogâmica: 50%). Peso e comprimento padrão de fêmea, peso total de desova, fecundidade absoluta, fecundidade relativa, índice de desova e taxa de eclosão não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos genéticos. Entretanto, a variedade não endogâmica da AquaAmérica apresentou valores mais baixos (P<0,05) para diâmetro do ovo (2,4mm) e peso do ovo (4,2mg) e maiores valores (P<0,05) para número relativo de ovos (247,6 ovos/g de ovo ) que GIFT (diâmetro do ovo: 2,8mm; peso do ovo: 5,7mg; número relativo de ovos: 175,4 ovos/g de ovo) e AquaAmérica × GIFT (diâmetro do ovo: 2,8mm; peso do ovo: 5,9mg; número relativo de ovos: 168,8 ovos/g de ovo). Em conclusão, a variedade AquaAmérica não endogâmica produz ovos menores e mais leves, mas um número relativo maior de ovos que a variedade GIFT e o cruzamento AquaAmérica × GIFT; a consanguinidade afeta negativamente a taxa de desova.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive traits of the non-inbred and inbred AquaAmérica, GIFT and AquaAmérica × GIFTgenetic groups. Six fish from each genetic group were used (2 females:1 male). Females were examined for the presence of eggs in their mouth at every four days, for 12 weeks. Reproduction occurred in all genetic groups (GIFT: 100%; non-inbred AquaAmérica and AquaAmérica ×GIFT: 75%; inbred AquaAmérica: 50%). Female weight, female standard length, total spawning weight, absolute fecundity, relative fecundity, spawn index and hatching rate did not differ significantly between the genetic groups. However, the non-inbred AquaAmérica variety showed lower values (P<0.05) for egg diameter (2.4mm) and egg weight (4.2mg) and higher values (P<0.05) for relative number of eggs (247.6 eggs/g of egg) than GIFT (egg diameter: 2.8mm; egg weight: 5.7mg; relative number of eggs: 175.4 eggs/g of egg) and AquaAmérica ×GIFT (egg diameter: 2.8mm; egg weight: 5.9mg; relative number of eggs: 168.8 eggs/g of egg). In conclusion, the non-inbred AquaAmérica variety produces smaller, lighter eggs but a higher relative number of eggs than the GIFT variety and the AquaAmérica ×GIFT cross; and inbreeding negatively affects spawning rate.

RESUMO A resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos é uma realidade, tanto na saúde humana quanto veterinária, limita o arsenal terapêutico e eleva os custos relacionados ao tratamento do paciente. Um cão, com sinais de cistite, recebeu tratamento com enrofloxacina, na dose de 5mg/kg, em três momentos seguidos, com baixa efetividade. Identificou-se presença de urólitos uretrais e foi feita uro-hidropropulsão. O animal apresentou nova obstrução, para a qual foi realizada uma cistotomia, mas continuou com sinais de infecção. Realizou-se, então, urocultura e teste de antibiograma. Foi identificada Escherichia coli, que se mostrou resistente a 13 antibióticos, sendo sensível somente à piperacilina-tazobactam e amicacina. No teste de triagem para β-lactamase, detectou-se a produção de ESβL. A qPCR indicou presença dos genes blaCTXm, blaDHA, blaOXA, blaIMP, blaTEM, blaGIM, blaSIM, blaSPM e blaSME, que podem conduzir um perfil fenotípico de resistência para ampicilina, amoxicilina-ácido clavulânico, aztreonam, cefepima, cefoxitina, cefuroxima, ceftazidima, ceftriaxona, imipenem, piperacilina-tazobactam. Este caso reafirma o valor que a análise laboratorial agrega ao diagnóstico e tratamento da cistite e da urolitíase, podendo definir o sentido de evolução do prognóstico e a velocidade em que a saúde do paciente será restabelecia.

ABSTRACT Bacterial resistance is a reality in both human and veterinary health, it limits the therapeutic arsenal and raises the costs of the patient’s treatment. A dog with signs of cystitis received treatment with 5mg/kg enrofloxacin at three consecutive times, with low effectiveness. The presence of urethral uroliths was identified and urohydropulsion was done. The animal presented a new obstruction, for which a cystotomy was performed, but continued with signs of infection. Uroculture and antimicrobial susceptibility test were then performed. Escherichia coli was identified, which was resistant to 13 antibiotics, being sensitive only to piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin. In the screening test for β-lactamase, the production of ESβL was detected. The qPCR indicated the presence of the bla CTXm, bla DHA, bla OXA, bla IMP, bla TEM, bla GIM, bla SIM, bla SPM and bla SME genes, which may lead to a phenotypic resistance profile for ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, aztreonam, cefepime cefoxitin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam. This case reaffirms the value that laboratory analysis adds to the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis and urolithiasis, which can define the direction of evolution of the prognosis and the speed at which the patient's health will be restored.

Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel belongs to the Apocynaceae family and the latex from its trunk bark (Hd) is known as “janaguba milk”. This latex is widely used in Northeast Brazil, mainly in the Cariri region, for its gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. The objective of this study was to investigate a triterpene-rich fraction (FJNB) from H. drasticus latex on acute models of nociception and inflammation and to clarify its mechanisms of action. Wistar rats or Swiss mice were subjected to the carrageenan-induced paw edema test or the formalin test, respectively, after the acute oral treatment with FJNB. The inflamed paws from the carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin tests were processed for histological and immunohistochemical assays, respectively. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and considered significant at P<0.05. FJNB (10 mg/kg) decreased the paw edema by 25% at the 3rd h after the carrageenan injection. Indomethacin, used as reference, inhibited the paw edema by 59% at the same time-point. In the formalin test, FJNB inhibited the 1st phase by 27, 49, and 52% and the 2nd phase by 37, 50, and 67%, at the doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, FJNB significantly inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression and the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB) were also inhibited at the same doses. In conclusion, the FJNB inhibitory actions on iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, HDAC, and NF-kB could be involved with the drug anti-inflammatory activity.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antifúngica dos extratos de Allamanda blanchetti A.DC. e Momordica charantia L. no controle de Colletotrichum gloesporioides e qualidade pós-colheita em frutos de mamoeiro da cultivar Sunrise solo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos Laboratório de Fitopatologia e Laboratório de Produtos de Origem Animal, CCA-UFPB, Campus.II, Areia-PB. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio 1 de maturação, em seguida, sanitizados com hipoclorito de sódio a 1% por três minutos e pulverizados com os extratos etanólicos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia nas concentrações: 0, 10, 100, 500 e 1000 µg.mL-1. Os frutos foram distribuídos em bandejas de polipropileno expandido em temperatura ambiente (23±2 °C) e umidade relativa em torno de 70%. Após doze dias de armazenamento, os frutos foram avaliados quanto à incidência natural de C. gloesporioides, severidade, atividade da enzima peroxidase, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação SS/AT, perda de massa e aparência externa dos frutos. Foi realizada análise de regressão polinomial testando modelos até o terceiro grau para as concentrações dos extratos utilizando análise de variância pelo teste F enquanto as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, através do programa SAS® 9.2. Não se observou diferença estatística quando avaliou-se a incidência natural de C. gloesporioides em frutos de mamoeiro utilizando os extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia. Já na avaliação da severidade da antracnose, verificou-se diferença para o tratamento com o extrato de A. blanchetti, que apresentou as menores escalas de notas em relação ao tratamento com a M. charantia. Observou-se atividade da peroxidase (POD) em frutos de mamoeiro nos extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia. Os frutos tratados com A. blanchetti apresentaram teor de acidez, com máximo de 0,12 g de ácido cítrico.100 g-1 e no de M. charantiaapresentou aumento para 0,15 g de ácido cítrico.100 g-1. A relação SS/AT diminuiu com o aumento das concentrações dos dois extratos. Os frutos tratados com A. blanchetti apresentaram maior perda de massa durante todo o armazenamento, sendo maior que 10% aos nove dias. Já a perda de massa dos frutos tratados com M. charantia apresentou comportamento linear, sendo superior a 12% aos 12 dias de armazenamento. A cor evoluiu de 1 (verde) para 6 (casca alaranjada) e a aparência dos frutos diminuiu com o decorrer do tempo de 5 (excelente) para 3 (regular) em todas concentrações dos extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia. Os extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia não reduziram a incidência natural, porém, só o extrato de A. blanchetti foi responsável por reduzir a severidade da antracnose. Ocorreu a atividade da enzima peroxidase em todos os tratamentos avaliados e conservaram a qualidade pós-colheita em frutos até os nove dias de armazenamento.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect of the extracts Allamanda blanchetti A.DC. and Momordica charantia L. in the control of Colletotrichum gloesporioides in papaya fruits of the Sunrise Solo cultivation, as well as their post-harvest quality. The trials were conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Animal Products Laboratory, CCA-UFPB, Campus II, Areia-PB. The fruits were harvested at maturity stage 1, then sanitized with sodium hypochlorite 1% for three minutes and sprayed with ethanol extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 μg.mL-1.The fruits were distributed in polypropylene trays expanded at room temperature (23±2 °C) and relative humidity around 70%. After twelve days of storage, the fruits were evaluated for natural incidence of C. gloesporioides, severity, peroxidase enzyme activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio, weight loss and external appearance of the fruit. Polynomial regression testing models to the third degree were employed for the extracts of concentrations, using analysis of variance by F test. The averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, through the SAS® 9.2 program. There was no statistical difference observed when we evaluated the natural incidence of C. gloesporioides in the papaya fruit, using extracts from A. blanchetti and M. charantia. In the assessment of the severity of the anthracnose, there was no statistical difference for the treatment with the extract of A. blanchetti, which had smaller scales of notes when compared with the treatment using the M. charantia. It was observed peroxidase activity (POD) in the papaya fruits treated with the extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia. The fruits treated with A. blanchetti presented a maximum dose of acidity of 0.12 g g-1 of citric acid.100 g-1. In the fruits treated with M. charantia this increase was of 0.15g of citric acid.100 g-1. The SS/TA ratio decreased with increasing concentrations of the two extracts. The fruits treated with A. blanchettipresented higher weight loss of approximately 10%, since the M. charantia was over 12%. The color evolved from 1 (green) to 6 (Orange Peel) and the appearance of the fruit got worse according to the time, from 5 (excellent) to 3 (regular) in all the concentrations of the extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia. The A. blanchetti and M. charantia extracts did not reduce the natural incidence, however, only the A. blanchetti extract was able to decrease the severity of the anthracnose. The peroxidase enzyme presented activity in all treatments and kept the postharvest quality of the fruits in the nine days of storage.

A erva-cidreira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br.] é uma espécie da família Verbenaceae amplamente utilizada pela população brasileira, devido às propriedades calmante, espasmolítica suave, analgésica, sedativa, ansiolítica e levemente expectorante. Para implantação do experimento foi produzido composto orgânico de capim elefante + esterco, na proporção de 70% de material vegetal e 30% de esterco, sem inoculação e inoculados com os isolados de actinomicetos do gênero Streptomyces: AC16; AC26; AC92 e AC103. Os compostos foram acondicionados em sacos de polietileno contendo 10,0 kg de solo adicionados na proporção equivalente a 20 t ha-1 e foram reaplicados logo após a primeira colheita. As colheitas da parte aérea foram realizadas aos 75 e 165 dias após o transplante. As raízes foram colhidas logo após a segunda colheita. Os tratatamentos com adubação orgânica promoveram aumento médio na produção de biomassa da erva-cidreira de 184, 83, 125, 115 e 122% para biomassa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) na primeira colheita, de MSPA na segunda colheita, biomassa seca total da parte aérea (MSTPA), biomassa seca de raiz (MSR) e biomassa seca total da cultura (MST), respectivamente, quando comparados com o tratamento controle, porém não houve efeito da inoculação de actinomicetos no composto orgânico. Nas condições em que este estudo foi realizado foi possível concluir que a adubação com composto orgânico de capim elefante influenciou positivamente a produção de biomassa seca da L. alba, mas a inoculação dos compostos com actinomicetos não exerceu influência.

L. alba is a species of the family Verbenaceae widely used by the Brazilian population, because of the soothing, gentle antispasmodic, analgesic, expectorant, sedative, anxiolytic and smoothly. For the implementation of the experiment produced organic compound of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Shum.) + manure at 70% plant material and 30% manure, uninoculated and inoculated with the actinomycete Streptomyces genus, AC16, AC26, AC92 and AC103. The compounds were placed in polyethylene bags containing 10.0 kg of soil added in a proportion equivalent to 20 t ha-1 and re-apply after the first harvest. The harvests of the shoots were taken at 75 and 165 days after transplantation. The roots were harvested after the second harvest. Dealing with organic fertilization promoted the average increase in biomass production of lemon grass 184, 83, 125, 115 and 122% for the dry stem biomass (MSPA) in the first harvest, second harvest of MSPA, total shoot biomass (MSTPA), dry biomass of the root (MSR) and the total crop biomass (MST), respectively, compared with the control, but no effect of inoculation of actinomycetes in compost. Under the conditions of this study was conducted, it was concluded that the organic compound fertilizer with elephant grass positively influenced the production of dry biomass of L. alba, but the injection of the compounds of the actinomycetes, without influence.

RESUMO A tuberculose é uma enfermidade infecciosa crônica, que afeta mamíferos e aves e constitui um sério problema de saúde pública e animal. Objetivando realizar um levantamento molecular da enfermidade em bovinos abatidos em matadouros frigoríficos no Estado da Bahia, Brasil, foram analisadas as lesões pulmonares e de linfonodos mediastínicos de 43 carcaças de animais abatidos em três matadouros-frigoríficos localizados na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, Bahia. Sete isolados de Mycobacterium bovis foram identificados, através da técnica do spolygotyping, e discriminados em três diferentes espoligotipos (SB1055, SB0120 e SB0268) descritos no Brasil e em diversas áreas do mundo. Os resultados indicam que o método de diagnóstico utilizado pode contribuir para a criação de uma base de dados para o estudo epidemiológico da tuberculose bovina no Estado da Bahia.

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is an infectious chronic disease that affects mammals and birds and constitutes a serious problem for public and animal health. Pulmonary and mediastinic lymph node lesions of 43 animals slaughtered in 3 slaughterhouses in the metropolitan region of the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, were analyzed with the objective of obtaining a molecular survey of the disease in bovines slaughtered in slaughterhouses in the state. Seven isolates ofMycobacterium bovis were identified through the spoligotyping technique and classified into 3 different spoligotypes (SB1055, SB0120, SB0268), described in Brazil and in many areas worldwide. The results indicate that the diagnostic method utilized may contribute to the creation of a database for the epidemiologic study of bovine tuberculosis in the state of Bahia.

Occupational therapy (OT) is a profession concerned with promoting health and well-being through occupation, by enabling handicapped people to participate in the activities of everyday life. OT is part of the clinical rehabilitation of progressive genetic neurodegenerative diseases such as spinocerebellar ataxias; however, its effects have never been determined in these diseases. Our aim was to investigate the effect of OT on both physical disabilities and depressive symptoms of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) patients. Genomically diagnosed SCA3 patients older than 18 years were invited to participate in the study. Disability, as evaluated by functional independence measurement and Barthel incapacitation score, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), was determined at baseline and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Twenty-six patients agreed to participate in the study. All were treated because OT prevents blinding of a control group. Fifteen sessions of rehabilitative OT were applied over a period of 6 months. Difficult access to food, clothing, personal hygiene, and leisure were some of the main disabilities focused by these patients. After this treatment, disability scores and quality of life were stable, and the Hamilton scores for depression improved. Since no medication was started up to 6 months before or during OT, this improvement was related to our intervention. No association was found between these endpoints and a CAG tract of the MJD1 gene (CAGn), age, age of onset, or neurological scores at baseline (Spearman test). Although the possibly temporary stabilization of the downhill disabilities as an effect of OT remains to be established, its clear effect on depressive symptoms confirms the recommendation of OT to any patient with SCA3 or spinocerebellar ataxia.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos do 2,4-D sobre o crescimento das plantas, a produção de massa seca e verde e a produtividade de grãos do milheto. O experimento foi realizado no período de março a junho de 2006, em Rio Verde-GO, em um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico. O milheto (cultivar ADR 500) foi semeado manualmente em área cultivada sob sistema de plantio direto, em espaçamento de 0,45 m, distribuindo-se 12 sementes por metro. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo avaliadas quatro doses de 2,4-D (0, 335, 670 e 1.005 g ha-1) aplicadas em quatro épocas [10 dias após a emergência das plantas de milheto (DAE) (3 folhas); 20 DAE (5 a 6 folhas expandidas); 30 DAE (início de emissão da inflorescência); e 40 DAE (florescimento pleno)]. Para evitar a interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura, esta foi capinada manualmente, sempre que necessário. Não se observou nenhum sinal de intoxicação das plantas de milheto pelo 2,4-D aos 15 dias após a aplicação, independentemente da dose ou época de aplicação do herbicida. Todavia, as maiores doses de 2,4-D, em qualquer época de aplicação, provocaram menor acúmulo de massa verde e seca das plantas de milheto, quando se avaliaram os resultados no ponto de rolagem da cultura. O 2,4-D, independentemente da dose utilizada ou época de aplicação, não influenciou a produtividade de grãos do milheto.

This study was carried out to evaluate herbicide 2,4-D effects on plant growth, production of dry and green matter and grain productivity. The experiment was carried out from March to June 2006, in Rio Verde,GO in soil classified as Eutroferric Red Latosol. Pennisetum americanum (cultivar ADR 500) was manually sowed in area under no-till system. A space of 0.45 m was used, with 12 seeds being sown per meter. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four 2,4-D rates (0. 335, 670 and 1,005 g ha-1) applied 10 days after emergence [DAE] (3 leaves), 20 DAE (5 to 6 expanded leaves), 30 DAE (beginning of inflorescence emission) and 40 DAE (flowerage). Weeding was manually performed when necessary to eliminate weed interference effects. At 15 days after application, phytotoxicity symptoms were not detected in the plants, at any rate or plant stage. Green and dry matter of the plants decreased at roller point with herbicide rate increase; 2,4-D application did not influence grain production, regardless of dose amount used or application time .

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever o quadro clínico de um cão com suspeita de leptospirose e os resultados dos exames específicos e complementares para leptospirose. A anamnese revelou que o animal apresentou episódios de vômito e dificuldade em apreender alimentos sólidos e líquidos. No exame clínico foi constatada desidratação de 5-7%, sensibilidade abdominal, hematoemese, melena, diarréia, necrose na língua, sialorréia e dificuldade de deglutição. Todos os exames considerados específicos, bacteriológico, direto da urina em microscópio de campo escuro, soroaglutinação microscópica e imunoperoxidase indireta do rim apresentaram resultados positivos. A estirpe de Leptospira isolada foi identificada como sorovar Canicola. Os exames complementares revelaram leucocitose com neutrofilia, hipocalcemia, hipoalbuminemia e valores séricos de uréia, creatinina e fosfatos acima dos valores normais enquanto a urinálise revelou proteinúria, leucocitúria e presença de células renais. As alterações renais encontradas no HE foram nefrite intersticial crônica e glomerulite com espessamento da membrana basal. Os sinais clínicos observados e os resultados dos exames laboratoriais indicaram um quadro predominantemente renal, compatível com a infecção pelo sorovar Canicola.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features of a dog with leptospirosis suspicion, and results of specific and complementary laboratorial tests for leptospirosis. Anamnesis revealed that the animal presented vomiting, difficulty to apprehend both solid and liquid food. In the clinical examination, there was verified dehydration from 5 to 7%, hematoemesis, melena, diarrhea, tong necrosis, sialorrhea and difficulty swallowing. All the specific tests, bacteriologic, direct examination of urine in dark field microscopy, microscopic agglutination test and indirect immunoperoxidase, were positive. The Leptospira strain isolated was identified as serovar Canicola. The complementary tests revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia, hypocalcemia, hypalbuminemia and blood values of urea, creatinine and phosphates over the normal values while urinalysis showed proteinuria, leukocyturia and presence of kidney cells. Kidney lesions found in HE were chronic interstitial nephritis and glomerulitis with thickened basement membrane. The clinical signs and the results of laboratorial tests found in this study indicated to predominantly to renal feature, consistent with an infection by serovar Canicola.

We investigated the long-lasting effect of peripheral injection of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) and of some N- or C-terminal SP fragments (SPN and SPC, respectively) on retention test performance of avoidance learning. Male Wistar rats (220 to 280 g) were trained in an inhibitory step-down avoidance task and tested 24 h or 21 days later. Immediately after the training trial rats received an intraperitoneal injection of SP (50 µg/kg), SPN 1-7 (167 µg/kg) or SPC 7-11 (134 µg/kg). Control groups were injected with vehicle or SP 5 h after the training trial. The immediate post-training administration of SP and SPN, but not SPC, facilitated avoidance behavior in rats tested 24 h or 21 days later, i.e., the retention test latencies of the SP and SPN groups were significantly longer (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test) during both training-test intervals. These observations suggest that the memory-enhancing effect of SP is long-lasting and that the amino acid sequence responsible for this effect is encoded by its N-terminal part