Abstract The trend towards tunnel farming and hydroponic systems is increasing owing to the climatic changes as well as the need to increase crop yield. Hydroponic is a technique of growing plants without soil. Tunnel farming and hydroponic system requires controlled environmental parameters like temperature, humidity and soil moisture for better production of crops. This paper presents an effective method, named, ACHPA (Automatically Controlled Hydro-Ponic Agriculture) scheme that monitor and controls environmental parameters using sensors and controller. ACHPA provides better environmental control over traditional manual monitoring and controlling, thus yield high-quality crops. Sensor based monitoring and control system regulates the temperature and humidity of the tunnel to yield better. For the sake of saving water, an efficient method of drip irrigation is implemented which delivers water directly to the plants rather than being sprayed on as in conventional farming method. The proposed system here is tested for controlled environment and observations recorded for crop analysis purpose. This makes an effective solution to growing highly efficient, good quality and disease free crop production.

OBJECTIVES: This study intended to explore the effect of T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the perinatal liver against LPS-induced inflammation in a preterm birth mouse model. Moreover, the role of adoptive Tregs on the inflammatory response induced by LPS was also studied. METHODS: Female BALB/C mice were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with LPS dissolved in normal saline solution at a dose of 50 µg/kg. Spleens from pregnant mice were used to obtain Tregs. The expression of Forkhead family transcription factor-3 (Foxp3), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), and Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were assessed from fetal liver tissues by polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS: LPS administered to mice induced an inflammatory response in the perinatal liver, and this inflammatory response was negatively regulated by Tregs in the experimental group. Maternal-fetal tolerance was maintained by Tregs. Transmission of Tregs was estimated in different experimental groups based on the mRNA expression of TLR-4, IL-6, HO-1, and Foxp3. CONCLUSIONS: After analysis of the experimental data, it was determined that Tregs exhibited regulatory potential against LPS-induced inflammatory response. Further, it was concluded that the transmission of Tregs improved the mother’s immune tolerance against LPS-induced inflammation in the fetal liver.

Association characteristics of amphiphilic phenothiazine drugs Fluphenazine and Trifluperazine dihydrochloride in water have been examined and their thermodynamic parameters have been calculated using conductometry. The electrical conductivity was measured as a function of concentration at various temperatures and cmc was calculated in the temperature range of 20-50°C. Thermodynamic parameters i.e. standard free energy of micellization, ΔG° , standard enthalpy of micellization, ΔH°m and standard entropy of micellization, ASm were calculated from cmc value using closed association model.

Electrical conductivities were measured to calculate critical aggregation concentration (cac) of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) at various temperature from 298-313K with an increment of 5 K and in this way its thermodynamic parameters like Gibbs energy of aggregation ( ΔGagg), enthalpy of aggregation (ΔHagg ) and entropy of aggregation (ΔSagg) were estimated. The results demonstrate that DSP forms enthalpy driven aggregates through open association process. Furthermore, its interaction with DNA was studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The binding constant of DSP-DNA interaction was evaluated at 298 K and 310 K. Gibbs energy of drug-DNAcomplexation was determined by ΔG= -RT 1n k b , enthalpy of its interaction (ΔH) and entropy of adduct formation (ΔS) were obtained from Van't Hoff equation.