Abstract Crisis in coronavirus times requires understanding the effects on society and establishing efficient mechanisms to prevent infections. The disinfection of personal protection equipment by UVC light remains a key opportunity area. Therefore, this letter presents the main drawbacks and challenges on the fabrication of deep ultraviolet LEDs based on III-nitrides, such as the substrate selection, dislocation reduction, the increase of external quantum efficiency, enhancement of the radiative recombination in the active region, the complications to reach high Al content in AlGaN-based UVC LED avoiding the reduction of the p-doping, replacing the p-GaN contact layer by p-AlGaN without hindering the deposition of ohmic contacts. Furthermore, the cubic phase is suggested as a promising candidate for AlGaN UVC-LEDs applications as is discussed in this work.

Abstract A total of 240 Dekalb White® hens, 100 weeks old, were randomly distributed into two treatments for 20 weeks, with four repetitions per treatment and 30 animals per repetition, to evaluate the effect of palm kernel meal on productivity, egg quality and economic feasibility of old laying hens. The experimental treatments consisted on a control diet and the inclusion of 20% of palm kernel meal. Laying intensity (5.19%) improved (P <0.05) with palm kernel meal, as well as food intake (5 g/hens/day) and mass conversion (from 2.45 to 2.40 kg/kg). In addition, the percentage of dirty eggs was reduced (2.2%), although without notable changes for egg weight, live weight and mortality of hens (P> 0.05). At week 115, yolk color (4) became more intense (P <0.05) with the inclusion of 20% of palm kernel. Also, at week 120, the diet with palm kernel meal improved (P <0.05) the resistance to shell rupture, its thickness and yolk color. The inclusion of 20% of meal reduced (P <0.05) costs of feed (80.43 USD), of consumed feed (2.87%) and the cost of producing an egg (0.01 USD). The inclusion of 20% of palm kernel meal in diets for old laying hens is recommended as a way to increase egg production, improve their external and internal quality, and increase the economic profitability of poultry industry.

Resumen Un total de 240 gallinas Dekalb White®, de 100 semanas de edad, se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos tratamientos durante 20 semanas, con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento y 30 aves por repetición, para evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de harina de palmiste en la productividad, calidad del huevo y factibilidad económica de gallinas ponedoras viejas. Los tratamientos experimentales fueron una dieta control y la inclusión de 20 % de harina de palmiste. La intensidad de puesta (5.19 %) mejoró (P < 0.05) con la harina de palmiste, así como el consumo de alimentos (5 g/ave/día) y la conversión masal (desde 2.45 hasta 2.40 kg/kg). Además, se redujo el porcentaje de huevos sucios (2.2 %), aunque sin cambios notables para el peso del huevo, peso vivo y mortalidad de las aves (P > 0.05). En la semana 115, el color de la yema (4) se incrementó (P < 0.05) con la inclusión de 20 % de palmiste. También, en la semana 120, la dieta con harina de palmiste mejoró (P < 0.05) la resistencia a la ruptura de la cáscara, su grosor y el color de la yema. La inclusión de 20 % de harina redujo (P < 0.05) el costo del pienso (80.43 USD), del alimento consumido (2.87 %) y el costo para producir un huevo (0.01 USD). Se recomienda la inclusión de 20 % de harina de palmiste en las dietas destinadas a gallinas ponedoras viejas, como vía para incrementar la producción de huevos, mejorar su calidad externa e interna, y aumentar la rentabilidad económica de la industria avícola.

RESUMOO agente etiológico da paratuberculose é o Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). No Chile, já foi gerada informação do isolamento do Map em ruminantes domésticos e em algumas espécies selvagens, porém essa informação deve ser expandida a outras espécies. O presente estudo está focado na espécie selvagem herbívora, o Pudu (Pudu puda), que é considerado um dos cervos menos conhecidos da América do Sul, e que está em extinção. Essa espécie compartilha as pastagens com o gado no sul do Chile, local do país onde está concentrada a maior parte do rebanho leiteiro. Foram obtidas amostras de 3 pudus de uma fazenda de gado leiteiro, onde previamente havia sido confirmada a infecção por Map em bovinos. Os três pudus eliminavam a bactéria nas fezes, e os isolados fecais foram do mesmo tipo do Map relatado para os bovinos. Este estudo representa o primeiro relato de caso de isolamento do Map em pudu em vida silvestre. Também é a primeira associação documentada entre um rebanho leiteiro infectado com Map e a infecção de uma espécie silvestre de vida livre, tal como o pudu na região de Los Ríos, no Chile. A transmissão interespécies do Map, do mesmo modo que de outros patógenos de ruminantes para o pudu, já foi demonstrada, assim os resultados deste estudo sugerem que essa espécie de vida extensiva, que habita a mesma região leiteira no sul do Chile, pode representar mais um caso de repercussão ao hospedeiro.

ABSTRACTMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis. In Chile, information about Map isolation from both domestic ruminant and wildlife species has been accumulating, but it has to be extended to other species. The present study focuses specifically on one wild grazing species, the pudu (Pudu puda), one of the less known South American deer considered an endangered species that shares pastures with cattle in southern Chile, where the greatest part of the country's dairy cattle population is located. Convenient samples from 3 pudus were collected from one dairy farm where Map infection had previously been confirmed in cattle. All three pudus shed the bacterium in feces and the isolates are the same type of Map as described for cattle. This study represents the first case report of Map isolation in the pudu captured from the wild. It is also the first documented association between a Map-infected dairy herd and free-ranging wildlife species, such as pudu in the Los Ríos region, Chile. Since interspecies transmission of Map and other pathogens from livestock to pudu has already been demonstrated, the results from this study suggest that this free-ranging wildlife specie, inhabiting a dairy district in southern Chile, might represent another case of spillover host.

Background: The objectives of our study on non-critically ill patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) are to assess the incidence of hyperglycemia, the risk factors associated to its development and its influence in patient's evolution. Methods: A multicentric prospective observational study was performed in 9 hospitals. Four multivariate studies were developed to study the temporal risk in the occurrence of hyperglycemia (endpoint), intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay (LOS) and death. Demographics, nutrients, drugs and clinical variables were collected. Independent variables studied as a possible risk factors were: sex, diabetes mellitus 2, baseline glycemia, albuminemia, pancreatitis, surgery in the 7 days prior to the end point, infection, insulin/somatostatin/corticoids administration during the study, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and difference in the amount of glucose administration between the endpoint and one day before. Results: 119 patients were enrolled in the study, 25 cases of hyperglycemia were detected. In the clinical factors associated with PN hyperglycemia, significant variables were: surgery in the 7 days before the end point, GFR, glucose load in the 24 hours previous to the end point insulin administration and somatostatine/octreotide administration during the study. Hyperglycemia was significantly associated with ICU admission and increased LOS. Conclusions: Glucose administration in non-critically ill patients receiving PN should be reassessed downwards, especially in the immediate postsurgery, renal impairment and in patients treated with somatostatin analogues. It should be taken into account that an increase in glucose dose may lead to hyperglycemia in these patients and hyperglycemia correlates with longer hospital stay and increased frequency of ICU admissions.

Antecedentes y objetivo: El estudio está dirigido a pacientes no críticos tratados con nutrición parenteral (NP) y tiene como objetivo evaluar la incidencia de hiperglucemia, los factores de riesgo asociados a su aparición y su influencia sobre su evolución clínica. Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico prospectivo y observacional en 9 hospitales. Se construyeron 4 modelos multivariantes para estudiar el riesgo de aparición de hiperglucemia (evento final), el ingreso en cuidados intensivos (UCI), el tiempo de hospitalización y muerte. Se recogieron variables demográficas, de nutrientes aportados, medicación y variables clínicas. La variables independientes estudiadas como posibles factores de riesgo fueron: sexo, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, glucemia basal, pancreatitis, cirugía en los 7 días previos al evento final, infección, administración durante el estudio de insulina/somatostatina/corticoides, nivel de filtración glomerular (GFR) y las diferencias entre el aporte de glucosa administrada entre el evento final y el día previo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 119 pacientes, de los cuales 25 presentaron hiperglucemia. Entre los factores clínicos asociados a la aparición de hiperglucemia, las variables significativas fueron: la cirugía en los 7 días previos al evento final, GFR, carga de glucosa en las 24 horas previas al evento final, administración de insulina y de somatostatina/octreotido. La hiperglucemia se asoció significativamente al ingreso en UCI y a la estancia hospitalaria. Conclusión: La administración de glucosa en pacientes no críticos en tratamiento con NP debería ser reevaluada con criterios restrictivos, especialmente en el postoperatorio inmediato, en insuficiencia renal y en pacientes tratados con análogos de la somatostatina. Debería tenerse en cuenta que los incrementos del aporte de glucosa se asocian a hiperglucemia, y esta se correlaciona con un incremento de la estancia hospitalaria y a una mayor frecuencia de ingresos en UCI.

Objective: To present a new case of hydatid cyst of the kidney with a difficult radiographic diagnosis. Material and Methods: We describe the clinical, diagnosis and treatment of a complex renal mass and its histological confirmation after surgery. Review of the literature. Conclusions: kidney's hydatidose is an unusual placement of this pathology. It is important to take care in the differential diagnosis in the context of complexes renal masses. There are some diagnosis procedures which can help us to establish it. Surgery is the treatment of choice in the majority of the cases.

Objetivo: Presentar un nuevo caso de quiste hidatídico renal de diagnóstico iconográfico complejo. Material y Métodos: Se describe la clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento de una masa renal compleja y posterior confirmación histológica tras la exéresis de la misma. Revisión de la literatura. Conclusiones: la hidatidosis renal es una localización infrecuente de esta patología. Es importante tenerla en cuenta a la hora del diagnóstico diferencial en el contexto de masas renales complejas. Existen procedimientos diagnósticos que nos pueden ayudar a confirmarla ante su sospecha. La cirugía es el tratamiento de elección en la mayoría de los casos.