ABSTRACT: This study was designed to simulate productive and economic losses due to the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) from pig diets. Articles that compared diets with AGP (AGP+) or without AGP (AGP–) for pigs were collected from electronic databases and the performance results were entered in a database. A meta-analysis was performed following the sequence: graphical analysis, correlation, and variance-covariance. The performance results observed in the meta-analysis, feed cost, and AGP costs were used to build equations to estimate the economic effect of withdrawing AGP. The database comprised 81 scientific articles containing 103 experiments totalizing 42,923 pigs. Avilamycin (24.7 %) was the most frequent AGP in the database, followed by Colistin (15.4 %), Tiamulin (11.7 %), Tylosin (8.0 %), Lincomycin (9.4 %), and Bacitracin (5.4 %). Weight gain (p < 0.05) increased in AGP+ diets during post-weaning (6.5 %). However, there was no effect of AGP on weight gain of growing-finishing pigs. There was better (p < 0.05) feed conversion in pigs fed AGP+ diets in all rearing phases. Weight gain and feed conversion improved (p < 0.05) with the addition of Avilamycin, Bacitracin, and Tylosin. AGP withdrawal in the post-weaning phase increased feed costs by US$ 0.86 per animal and in growing-finishing phase the increase was US$ 3.11. Thus, pigs fed AGP+ diets have a better performance than pigs fed AGP- diets and the withdrawal of AGP increases feed costs.

RESUMO Tem sido documentado que os idosos são a população de maior risco para mortalidade por COVID-19. Consequentemente, pode ser a mais afetada pelas medidas de isolamento social e de redução de contágio pelo vírus implementadas em todo o mundo. O isolamento social pode expor os idosos ao risco nutricional aumentado devido a alguns fatores, como: a insegurança socioeconômica, a qual pode afetar a aquisição de alimentos; a necessidade de apoio nas tarefas e nas refeições diárias; a possível redução de doações de alimentos para idosos institucionalizados, em virtude da crise econômica ocasionada pela pandemia; e o próprio processo do envelhecimento, que causa alterações das necessidades nutricionais e do hábito de se alimentar. Contudo, no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus, nutricionistas podem oferecer acompanhamento nutricional remoto. Além disso, ações governamentais, como a implementação de programas educacionais e de serviço social, devem ser aplicadas para o envelhecimento saudável e para a minimização da exposição ao risco nutricional e à COVID-19.

ABSTRACT It has been documented that the older adults of the population are at the greatest risk of mortality due to the coronavirus disease; consequently, they could be the population most affected by the measures of social isolation and reduction of virus contagion implemented worldwide. Social isolation can expose older adults to an increased nutritional risk due to factors such as socioeconomic insecurity, which could affect food acquisition and the need for support in daily tasks and meals. The institutionalized older adults often depend on food donations, which may have reduced due the economic crisis caused by the pandemic, and the aging process itself causes changes in nutritional necessitie and eating habits. In the coronavirus pandemic, nutritionists and dietitians can offer remote nutritional follow-up. Moreover, the government actions, such as the implementation of educational and social service programs, should be applied to support healthy aging and minimize exposure to nutritional risks and coronavirus disease.

ABSTRACT This study was developed using meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of β-mannanase on both poultry and pig performance. Two databases were constructed using information from previous studies that evaluated the β-mannanase supplementation in diets for broilers (30 papers; 19,643 birds) and pigs (20 papers; 5,319 animals). The meta-analysis followed three sequential analyses: graphical, correlation, and variance-covariance. The effect of β-mannanase supplementation on performance considerably varied in both databases. Data analysis considering the study effect showed that β-mannanase supplementation did not influence feed intake. Diets supplemented with β-mannanase did not influence weight gain, but improved feed conversion (−1%) of broilers compared with the control group. Feeding pigs diets supplemented with β-mannanase improved weight gain (+5%) and feed conversion (−6%) compared with pigs fed non-supplemented diets. β-mannanase supplementation increased the digestibility coefficient of dry matter, crude protein, and energy in both species. The inclusion of β-mannanase also improved the metabolizable energy content in broiler diets and enhanced the digestibility of energy in pig feeds. Current results indicate that β-mannanase can be considered as an important tool for nutritionists who search for improved feed conversions and nutrient digestibility coefficients.

ABSTRACT: The effects of mycotoxins on the productive performance of growing pigs and broilers were evaluated using meta-analytical approach. Two databases were constructed: (1) Broilers, with information collected from 51,497 birds and published in 158 scientific papers from 1980 to 2016; and (2) Pigs, with information collected from 7,743 animals and published in 72 scientific papers from 1980 to 2015. The meta-analyses were performed independently for each specie, following three sequential analyses: graphical, correlation, and variance-covariance. Broilers and pigs challenged by mycotoxins reduced (p < 0.05) feed intake by 9 and 6 %, weight gain by 15 and 11 %, and feed efficiency by 6 and 4 % compared with non-challenged animals, respectively. Aflatoxins were the most studied mycotoxins in both databases. Birds and pigs challenged by aflatoxins reduced (p < 0.05) feed intake by 10 and 8 %, growth by 15 and 11 %, and feed efficiency by 6 and 7 % compared to non-challenged animals, respectively. In both databases, variation on growth performance due to mycotoxins showed a linear relationship (p < 0.05) with the feed intake variation caused by the challenge. The intercepts of the regression-based equations were different from zero and negative, which may indicate that mycotoxins altered the maintenance requirements in challenged animals. In conclusion, both broilers and growing pigs show losses in performance responses and worse nutritional efficiency when challenged by mycotoxins.

ABSTRACT Objective: To select outcomes and indicators of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), in order to assess patients with cancer under palliative care with Acute and Chronic Pain Nursing Diagnoses; and to construct the conceptual and operational definitions of the indicators. Method: Expert opinion study and literature review. The sample consisted of 13 experts. The data collection was in own tool applied in face-to-face meeting and by e-mail. In the analysis of the data, it was considered between 75% and 100% of agreement. Results: Eight outcomes and 19 indicators were selected. The results with higher scores were Pain Level, Pain Control and Client Satisfaction: Pain Management. For all indicators selected, conceptual and operational definitions were constructed. Conclusion: The selection of results and priority indicators for the assessment of pain in palliative care, as well as the construction of its definitions, will support clinical practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Selección de resultados e indicadores de la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) para evaluar pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos con los diagnósticos de enfermería de Dolor Agudo y Crónico; construir las definiciones conceptuales y operativas de los indicadores. Método: Estudio de opinión de expertos y de revisión de literatura. La muestra fue compuesta por 13 especialistas. La recolección de datos fue en instrumento propio aplicado en encuentro presencial y por e-mail. En el análisis de los datos, se consideró entre el 75% y el 100% de concordancia. Resultados: Se seleccionaron ocho resultados y 19 indicadores. Los resultados con mayores puntuaciones fueron Nivel del Dolor, Control del Dolor y Satisfacción del Cliente: Control del Dolor. Para todos los indicadores seleccionados, se construyeron definiciones conceptuales y operativas. Conclusión: La selección de los resultados e indicadores prioritarios a la evaluación del dolor en cuidado paliativo, así como la construcción de sus definiciones, subsidiarán la práctica clínica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Selecionar resultados e indicadores da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) para avaliar pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos com os diagnósticos de enfermagem de Dor Aguda e Crônica; construir as definições conceituais e operacionais dos indicadores. Método: Estudo de opinião de especialistas e de revisão de literatura. A amostra foi composta por 13 especialistas. A coleta de dados foi em instrumento próprio aplicado em encontro presencial e por e-mail. Na análise dos dados, considerou-se entre 75% e 100% de concordância. Resultados: Selecionaram-se oito resultados e 19 indicadores. Os resultados com maiores escores foram Nível da Dor, Controle da Dor e Satisfação do Cliente: Controle da Dor. Para todos os indicadores selecionados, foram construídas definições conceituais e operacionais. Conclusão: A seleção dos resultados e indicadores prioritários à avaliação da dor em cuidado paliativo, bem como a construção de suas definições, subsidiarão a prática clínica.

RESUMO Objetivo: Selecionar resultados e indicadores da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) para avaliar pacientes oncológicos em cuidados paliativos com os diagnósticos de enfermagem de Dor Aguda e Crônica; construir as definições conceituais e operacionais dos indicadores. Método: Estudo de opinião de especialistas e de revisão de literatura. A amostra foi composta por 13 especialistas. A coleta de dados foi em instrumento próprio aplicado em encontro presencial e por e-mail. Na análise dos dados, considerou-se entre 75% e 100% de concordância. Resultados: Selecionaram-se oito resultados e 19 indicadores. Os resultados com maiores escores foram Nível da Dor, Controle da Dor e Satisfação do Cliente: Controle da Dor. Para todos os indicadores selecionados, foram construídas definições conceituais e operacionais. Conclusão: A seleção dos resultados e indicadores prioritários à avaliação da dor em cuidado paliativo, bem como a construção de suas definições, subsidiarão a prática clínica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To select outcomes and indicators of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), in order to assess patients with cancer under palliative care with Acute and Chronic Pain Nursing Diagnoses; and to construct the conceptual and operational definitions of the indicators. Method: Expert opinion study and literature review. The sample consisted of 13 experts. The data collection was in own tool applied in face-to-face meeting and by e-mail. In the analysis of the data, it was considered between 75% and 100% of agreement. Results: Eight outcomes and 19 indicators were selected. The results with higher scores were Pain Level, Pain Control and Client Satisfaction: Pain Management. For all indicators selected, conceptual and operational definitions were constructed. Conclusion: The selection of results and priority indicators for the assessment of pain in palliative care, as well as the construction of its definitions, will support clinical practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Selección de resultados e indicadores de la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) para evaluar pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos con los diagnósticos de enfermería de Dolor Agudo y Crónico; construir las definiciones conceptuales y operativas de los indicadores. Método: Estudio de opinión de expertos y de revisión de literatura. La muestra fue compuesta por 13 especialistas. La recolección de datos fue en instrumento propio aplicado en encuentro presencial y por e-mail. En el análisis de los datos, se consideró entre el 75% y el 100% de concordancia. Resultados: Se seleccionaron ocho resultados y 19 indicadores. Los resultados con mayores puntuaciones fueron Nivel del Dolor, Control del Dolor y Satisfacción del Cliente: Control del Dolor. Para todos los indicadores seleccionados, se construyeron definiciones conceptuales y operativas. Conclusión: La selección de los resultados e indicadores prioritarios a la evaluación del dolor en cuidado paliativo, así como la construcción de sus definiciones, subsidiarán la práctica clínica.

Resumo Poli(3-hidroxibutirato) [P(3HB)] é um poliéster natural, biodegradável e é considerado um substituto atrativo para polímeros petroquímicos, pois tem a vantagem de ser degradado em solo dentro de alguns meses por micro-organismos. Este trabalho explora três estratégias para sintetizar P(3HB) a partir de Cupriavidus necator tendo glicerol como cosubstrato: cultivo sem glicerol, com adição de 20 g L–1 de glicerol na fase de produção do polímero e 20 g L–1 de glicerol no início do cultivo, a fim de avaliar o seu efeito sobre o crescimento celular e a síntese do polímero. Os resultados mostraram que a adição de glicerol no início do cultivo conduziu a maiores valores de percentagem de acúmulo de P(3HB) (64,12%). No entanto, nos experimentos sem glicerol podem ser observados maiores valores para fator de conversão em substrato (0,17 g g–1). Esses parâmetros apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas em função da estratégia de cultivo utilizado.

Abstract Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] is a natural, biodegradable polyester and is considered an attractive substitute for the petrochemical polymers, because has advantage of being degraded in the soil within a few months by microorganisms. This work exploits three strategies to synthesize P(3HB) from of the Cupriavidus necator with glycerol as co-substrate: cultivation without glycerol, with addition of 20 g L–1 glycerol in the phase of polymer producing and addition of 20 g L–1 of glycerol at the start of cultivation, in order to evaluate its effect on cell growth and the synthesis of the polymer. The results showed that the addition of glycerol at the start of culture led to highest values of accumulation percentage the P(3HB) (64.12%). However, in the experiments without glycerol can be observed higher values toward biomass to substrate yield (0.17 g g–1). These parameters presented statistically significant differences in function of the cultivation strategy used.

Objective:To identify the nursing care prescribed for patients in risk for pressure ulcer (PU) and to compare those with the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) interventions. Method: Cross mapping study conducted in a university hospital. The sample was composed of 219 adult patients hospitalized in clinical and surgical units. The inclusion criteria were: score ≤ 13 in the Braden Scale and one of the nursing diagnoses, Self-Care deficit syndrome, Impaired physical mobility, Impaired tissue integrity, Impaired skin integrity, Risk for impaired skin integrity. The data were collected retrospectively in a nursing prescription system and statistically analyzed by crossed mapping. Result: It was identified 32 different nursing cares to prevent PU, mapped in 17 different NIC interventions, within them: Skin surveillance, Pressure ulcer prevention and Positioning. Conclusion: The cross mapping showed similarities between the prescribed nursing care and the NIC interventions.

Objetivo: Identificar los cuidados de enfermería prescritos para pacientes con riesgo de úlceras por presión (UPP) y compararlos con las intervenciones de la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería(NIC). Método: Estudio con mapeo cruzado en el hospital universitario. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 219 pacientes adultos internados en unidades médico-quirúrgicas. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: puntuación ≤ 13 en la escala de Braden y uno de los siguientes diagnósticos de enfermería: Síndrome de déficit de autocuidado, Deterioro de la movilidad física, deterioro de la integridad tisular, deterioro de la integridad cutánea, riesgo de deterioro de la integridad cutánea. Los datos fueron recolectados retrospectivamente en el sistema de prescripción de enfermería y analizados estadísticamente y con mapeo cruzado. Resultados: Se identificaron 32 cuidados de enfermería distintos para la prevención de las UPP, mapeados en 17 intervenciones NIC diferentes, entre ellas: Supervisión de la piel, Prevención de úlceras por presión y Posiciones corporales. Conclusión: El mapeo cruzado mostró similitud entre los cuidados de enfermería y las intervenciones NIC.



Objective:To identify the nursing care prescribed for patients in risk for pressure ulcer (PU) and to compare those with the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) interventions. Method: Cross mapping study conducted in a university hospital. The sample was composed of 219 adult patients hospitalized in clinical and surgical units. The inclusion criteria were: score ≤ 13 in the Braden Scale and one of the nursing diagnoses, Self-Care deficit syndrome, Impaired physical mobility, Impaired tissue integrity, Impaired skin integrity, Risk for impaired skin integrity. The data were collected retrospectively in a nursing prescription system and statistically analyzed by crossed mapping. Result: It was identified 32 different nursing cares to prevent PU, mapped in 17 different NIC interventions, within them: Skin surveillance, Pressure ulcer prevention and Positioning. Conclusion: The cross mapping showed similarities between the prescribed nursing care and the NIC interventions.

Objetivo: Identificar los cuidados de enfermería prescritos para pacientes con riesgo de úlceras por presión (UPP) y compararlos con las intervenciones de la Clasificación de Intervenciones de Enfermería(NIC). Método: Estudio con mapeo cruzado en el hospital universitario. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 219 pacientes adultos internados en unidades médico-quirúrgicas. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: puntuación ≤ 13 en la escala de Braden y uno de los siguientes diagnósticos de enfermería: Síndrome de déficit de autocuidado, Deterioro de la movilidad física, deterioro de la integridad tisular, deterioro de la integridad cutánea, riesgo de deterioro de la integridad cutánea. Los datos fueron recolectados retrospectivamente en el sistema de prescripción de enfermería y analizados estadísticamente y con mapeo cruzado. Resultados: Se identificaron 32 cuidados de enfermería distintos para la prevención de las UPP, mapeados en 17 intervenciones NIC diferentes, entre ellas: Supervisión de la piel, Prevención de úlceras por presión y Posiciones corporales. Conclusión: El mapeo cruzado mostró similitud entre los cuidados de enfermería y las intervenciones NIC.



Estudo que teve por objetivos analisar a produção científica sobre pacientes com câncer gástrico submetidos à gastrectomia e descrever aspectos importantes às orientações de enfermagem a esses pacientes. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa com consulta às bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), analisando-se 22 artigos. Os estudos transversais retrospectivos foram os mais frequentes e a produção científica de enfermagem numericamente pequena em relação à área médica. Concluiu-se que as abordagens relacionadas ao pré e pós-operatório na gastrectomia para ressecção de câncer gástrico subsidiam o conhecimento de questões imprescindíveis para que a enfermeira promova intervenções eficientes para a recuperação desses pacientes. Há necessidade de mais estudos sobre a atuação da enfermagem nas orientações dessa cirurgia.

This study aimed to analyze the scientific production about patients with gastric cancer submitted to gastrectomy and describing important aspects of nursing guidelines for these patients. An integrative review was carried out using Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) databases and twenty two articles were analyzed. Retrospective cross-sectional studies were the most frequent and the scientific production of nursing is numerically small in relation to the medical area. It is concluded that the approaches related to pré and post-operative in gastrectomy for gastric cancer resection subsidize the knowledge of issues essential for the nurse to promote efficient intervention for the recovery of such patients. There is still the need for further research on the practice of nursing in the guidelines of this kind of surgery.

Este estudio tuvo por objetivos analizar la producción científica sobre pacientes con cáncer gástrico sometidos a la gastrectomía y describir aspectos importantes para las orientaciones de enfermería para estos pacientes. Se realizó una revisión integrativa con consulta a las bases de datos Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) y Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), analizándose 22 artículos. Los estudios transversales retrospectivos fueron los más frecuentes y la producción científica de enfermería numéricamente pequeña en relación al área médica. Se concluye que las abordajes relacionadas al pre y post-operatorio en la gastrectomía para resección de cáncer gástrico pueden subsidiar el conocimiento de cuestiones imprescindibles para que la enfermera promueva intervención eficiente en la recuperación de esos pacientes. Hay necesidad de más estudios sobre la actuación de la enfermería en las orientaciones en este tipo de cirugía.

This study aimed to analyze the scientific production about patients with gastric cancer submitted to gastrectomy and describing important aspects of nursing guidelines for these patients. An integrative review was carried out using Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) databases and twenty two articles were analyzed. Retrospective cross-sectional studies were the most frequent and the scientific production of nursing is numerically small in relation to the medical area. It is concluded that the approaches related to pré and post-operative in gastrectomy for gastric cancer resection subsidize the knowledge of issues essential for the nurse to promote efficient intervention for the recovery of such patients. There is still the need for further research on the practice of nursing in the guidelines of this kind of surgery.

Este estudio tuvo por objetivos analizar la producción científica sobre pacientes con cáncer gástrico sometidos a la gastrectomía y describir aspectos importantes para las orientaciones de enfermería para estos pacientes. Se realizó una revisión integrativa con consulta a las bases de datos Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) y Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), analizándose 22 artículos. Los estudios transversales retrospectivos fueron los más frecuentes y la producción científica de enfermería numéricamente pequeña en relación al área médica. Se concluye que las abordajes relacionadas al pre y post-operatorio en la gastrectomía para resección de cáncer gástrico pueden subsidiar el conocimiento de cuestiones imprescindibles para que la enfermera promueva intervención eficiente en la recuperación de esos pacientes. Hay necesidad de más estudios sobre la actuación de la enfermería en las orientaciones en este tipo de cirugía.

Estudo que teve por objetivos analisar a produção científica sobre pacientes com câncer gástrico submetidos à gastrectomia e descrever aspectos importantes às orientações de enfermagem a esses pacientes. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa com consulta às bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), analisando-se 22 artigos. Os estudos transversais retrospectivos foram os mais frequentes e a produção científica de enfermagem numericamente pequena em relação à área médica. Concluiu-se que as abordagens relacionadas ao pré e pós-operatório na gastrectomia para ressecção de câncer gástrico subsidiam o conhecimento de questões imprescindíveis para que a enfermeira promova intervenções eficientes para a recuperação desses pacientes. Há necessidade de mais estudos sobre a atuação da enfermagem nas orientações dessa cirurgia.