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A combined strategies intervention on the World Health Organization prescribing indicators: A quasi-randomised trial
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Ncube, Nondumiso B.Q.

; Chivese, Tawanda

; Mukumbang, Ferdinand C.

; Bradley, Hazel A.

; Schneider, Helen

; Laing, Richard

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine

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2024, Volume 16 N. 1 Pages 1 - 8

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND: Irrational medicine use is a global problem that may potentiate antimicrobial resistance AIM: This study aims to assess prescribing practices and the effect of a prescription audit and feedback coupled with small-group education intervention on prescribing indicators SETTING: The study was conducted in public-sector healthcare facilities in Eswatini METHODS: A cluster quasi-randomised controlled study was conducted from 2016 to 2019 using the World Health Organization/ International Network for Rational Use of Drugs (WHO/INRUD) prescribing indicators at baseline, post-intervention and post-follow-up. A 6-month unblinded intervention was tested in 32 healthcare facilities, randomly allocated to intervention (16) and control (16) arms. Prescribing practices were assessed post-intervention, and 6 months after the intervention, through an audit of 100 randomly selected prescriptions from each facility. Comparisons of WHO or INRUD prescribing indicators were conducted using the intention-to-treat analysis at the two times RESULTS: At baseline, in both arms, rational prescribing standards were met by the number of medicines per prescription and the use of injections. Antibiotic use was above 50% in both arms. After adjustment for baseline antibiotics use, region and level of care, there were no significant differences in all prescribing indicators between the two arms, post-intervention and at 6 months follow-up CONCLUSION: In a lower middle-income setting with a high prevalence of irrational prescribing practices, a prescription audit, feedback and small-group education intervention had no benefits in improving rational prescribing CONTRIBUTION: Multifaceted strategies, strengthening of pharmacy and therapeutics committees, and holistic monitoring of medicine use are recommended to promote rational medicine use

https://doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v16i1.3943

Lipopolysaccharide effects on activation and apoptosis of primordial ovarian follicles in heifers
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Maffi, A.S.

; Rincón, J.A. Alvarado.

; Barbosa, A.A.

; Weiller, M.A.

; Mondadori, R.G.

; Gasperin, B.G.

; Rovani, M.T.

; Cruz, L.A.X.

; Freitas, K.C.

; Schneider, A.

; Corrêa, M.N.

; Feijó, J.O.

; Pino, F.A.B. Del

; Rabassa, V.R.

; Marins, L.

; Brauner, C.C.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jun 2023, Volume 75 N. 3 Pages 381 - 390

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on activation and apoptosis of primordial follicles. There was no difference in the total number of follicles as well as in the different types of follicles. Furthermore, the LPS challenge didn’t modulate the expression of genes related with ovarian reserve (HAM), oocyte survival (Survivin), activation rate (Pten, KIT, KITL1, KITL2, AKT1, SIRT1), and follicular abnormalities. Therefore, the LPS exposure with 24h interval had no effect on activation rate and primordial follicles abnormalities, and also had no effect on expression of anti-apoptotic genes and genes related with ovarian reserve, oocyte survival, activation rate, and primordial follicles abnormalities.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) na ativação e a apoptose de folículos primordiais. Dez novilhas saudáveis (Bos taurus taurus), com idade média de 14 meses, alojadas em sistema de confinamento e alimentadas com TMR, foram utilizadas neste experimento. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo LPS (LPS; n = 5), que recebeu duas injeções intravenosas de 0,5μg/kg de peso corporal de lipopolissacarídeo (Sigma Aldrich®) diluído em 2mL de solução salina (0,9% de NaCl), com intervalo de 24h; e grupo controle (CTR; n = 5), que recebeu duas injeções intravenosas de 2mL de solução salina (0,9% de NaCl), com intervalo de 24h. A primeira injeção de LPS foi realizada no d 1, e no d 5 os animais foram abatidos, os ovários foram pesados e as amostras dos ovários foram coletadas para avaliação histológica e molecular. Não houve diferença no número total de folículos, bem como nos diferentes tipos de folículos. Além disso, o desafio com LPS não modulou a expressão de genes relacionados à reserva ovariana (HAM), à sobrevivência oocitária (Survivin), à taxa de ativação (Pten, KIT, KITL1, KITL2, AKT1, SIRT1) e às anormalidades foliculares. Portanto, a exposição ao LPS com intervalo de 24h não teve efeito sobre a taxa de ativação e as anormalidades dos folículos primordiais, bem como não teve efeito sobre a expressão de genes antiapoptóticos e de genes relacionados com a reserva ovariana, a sobrevivência oocitária, a taxa de ativação e as anormalidades dos folículos primordiais.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12848

Silver Nanocatalyst Supported on Waste-Based Polystyrene Foam for Thermal and Plasmonic Reduction of p-Nitrophenol
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Silva, Welida T. A. da

; Assis, Geovânia C. de

; Jesus, Roberta A. de

; Motta, Rayssa J. B.

; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando R.

; Ruiz, Yolice Patricia M.

; Galembeck, André

; Schneider, Ricardo

; Oliveira, Rodrigo J. de

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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2023, Volume 34 N. 9 Pages 1317 - 1332

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Disposal of plastics into the environment has been one of the major problems for the environment. The accumulation of polystyrene (PS) occurs in an accelerated way and, therefore, its reuse is challenging. Polystyrene nanocomposites impregnated with Ag nanoparticles (PS/AgNP) are generated from polystyrene residues and can be applied in the catalytic and plasmonic photo-catalytic reduction of phenolic compounds such as p-nitrophenol (PNP) to p-aminophenol (PAP). The AgNP were synthesized by a reverse micelle method resulting in nanoparticles with sizes in a range of 31.1-34.0 nm. The organocolloid was characterized by UV Vis and dynamic light scattering (DLS), demonstrating the preparation of spherical nanoparticles. The preparation of the PS/AgNP, obtained using a thermally induced phase separation method (TIPS), was confirmed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and Fourier transform visible infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Nanocomposites showed impressive performance in the catalytic and plasmonic photocatalytic reduction under blue light irradiation, reaching up to 98% conversion, being a promising material for wastewater treatment as well as other various environmental issues. We used blue light to observe the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles, and no previous reports of this composite for PNP reduction using blue light photocatalysis were found.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230044

Recomendaciones en el abordaje del hematoma intracerebral espontáneo durante la internación
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Pigretti, Santiago G.

; Mirofsky, Matías

; García, Darío E.

; Issac, Cristian

; Valdez, Pascual

; Persi, Gabriel G.

; Mamani, Carlos E.

; Guyon, Jorgelina

; Álvarez, Héctor

; Montes, Mariana

; Daza Aramayo, José M.

; Iturrieta, Pablo

; Chaves, Hernán

; Sarmiento, Verónica

; Tumino, Leandro

; Domeniconi, Gustavo

; Castagna, Rosa

; Sabio, Rodrigo

; Videtta, Walter

; Ciarrocchi, Nicolás

; Lerman, Damián

; Dossi, Daiana E.

; Balian, Natalia R.

; Velasquez, Mariela A.

; Rufino Saravia, Gonzalo

; Alet, Matías J.

; Rodríguez Lucci, Federico

; Ciardi, Celina

; Pujol Lereis, Virginia

; Claverie, Santiago

; Casanova, Matías

; González, Leonardo

; Mónaco, Juan Manuel

; Cárdenas, Rolando E.

; Cirio, Juan José

; Arturi, Jessica

; Requejo, Flavio

; Plou, Pedro L.

; Orzuza, Gabriela

; Bonardo, Pablo

; Díaz, María Fernanda

; Payaslian, Silvio

; Andrade, María Gabriela

; Gomez Schneider, Maia M.

; Romano, Marina

; Colla Machado, Pedro

; Arroyo, José

; Arcondo, María Florencia

; Svampa, Silvana

; Armenteros, Cristhian

; Tejada Jacob, Virginia

; Zurrú, María Cristina

Medicina (Buenos Aires)

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nov 2022, Volume 82 Suppl. 4 Pages 1 - 56

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) constituye la principal causa de discapacidad de origen neuro- lógico en los adultos mayores a 40 años y la cuarta causa de muerte en Argentina. En los últimos diez años las publicaciones indexadas relacionadas al tratamiento del ACV isquémico fueron más numerosas que las de ACV hemorrágico. El objetivo de este material es proporcionar recomendaciones locales y actualiza- das del abordaje de pacientes con hematoma intraparenquimatoso espontáneo durante la internación. Para la redacción de este manuscrito se convocó a especialistas en esta enfermedad que conformaron grupos de trabajo. Se plantearon 10 tópicos centrales expresados como epidemiologia, atención inicial, imágenes, tratamiento de la presión arterial, reversión de antitrombóticos, indicación de cirugía, profilaxis anticonvulsivante, pronóstico, prevención de complicaciones y reinicio de antitrombóticos. De cada tópico se plantearon mediante preguntas PICO los interrogantes más frecuentes de la práctica diaria. Luego de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se generaron recomendaciones evaluadas mediante sistema GRADE y consensuadas entre autores y pacientes.

Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of neurological disability in people over 40 years of age and the fourth leading cause of death in Argentina. In the last ten years, the indexed publications related to the treatment of ischemic stroke were more numerous than those of hemorrhagic stroke. The objective of this material is to provide local and updated recommendations for the management of patients with spontaneous intracere- bral hemorrhage during hospitalization. For the writing of this manuscript, diferent specialists were convened to form working groups. Ten central topics expressed as epidemiology, initial care, imaging, blood pressure treatment, reversal of antithrombotics, indication for surgery, seizure prophylaxis, prognosis, prevention of complications and resumption of antithrombotics were raised. For each topic, the most frequent questions of daily practice were raised through PICO questions. After a systematic review of the literature, recommendations were generated, evaluated using the GRADE system and agreed between authors and patients.

Parent-led, stepped-care cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with autism and co-occurring anxiety: study rationale and method
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Ramirez, Ana C.

; Grebe, Stacey C.

; McNeel, Morgan M.

; Limon, Danica L.

; Schneider, Sophie C.

; Berry, Leandra N.

; Goin-Kochel, Robin P.

; Cepeda, Sandra L.

; Voigt, Robert G.

; Salloum, Alison

; Storch, Eric A.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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dec 2020, Volume 42 N. 6 Pages 638 - 645

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Anxiety disorders affect up to 50% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and are significantly impairing to the person affected, as well as to their loved ones. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been established as the gold-standard treatment for anxiety disorders among typically developing youth and adults, and demonstrates similar efficacy among youth with high-functioning autism (HFA). Many CBT interventions utilize a “full-package” treatment approach to treat co-occurring anxiety in youth with ASD. However, these service delivery systems are often therapist-intensive, costly, and impractical, thereby compromising full engagement and treatment adherence. This paper describes the design, rationale, and methodology of a study examining stepped-care CBT for youth with HFA and co-occurring anxiety – a clinical trial examining the efficacy of low-intensity, parent-led CBT as the first line of treatment and utilizing a more intensive, therapist-led intervention for nonresponders. The study will evaluate the potential benefits of stepped-care and parent-led therapist-assisted interventions, predictors of treatment response, and the economic value of using a stepped-care model. Implications for practice will be discussed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0897 1021 downloads

Supporting people with severe mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic: considerations for low- and middle-income countries using telehealth case management
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Salum, Giovanni A.

; Rehmenklau, Jaqueline F.

; Csordas, Michele C.

; Pereira, Flavia P.

; Castan, Juliana U.

; Ferreira, Anderson B.

; Delgado, Vera B.

; Bolzan, Liana de M.

; de Lima, Miguel A.

; Blauth, Juarez H.

; dos Reis, José R.

; Rocha, Paula B.

; Guerra, Tadeu A.

; Saraiva, Izabela M.

; Gramz, Bruna de C.

; Ronchi, Bruna R.

; Ribeiro, Bruna L.

; Konig, Dienifer F.

; Grevet, Eugênio H.

; de Pinho, Leandro B.

; Schneider, Jacó F.

; Eustáquio, Paula R.

; Ramos, Márcia Z.

; Marques, Myriam F.

; Axelrud, Luiza K.

; Baeza, Fernanda L.

; Lacko, Sara E.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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aug 2020, Volume 42 N. 4 Pages 451 - 452

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1078 1141 downloads

Evaluation of the impact of two types of steel fibers (SE), mono and 3D, on concrete properties, when added isolated or blended
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BAUER, A. L.

; EHRENBRING, H.

; SCHNEIDER, D.

; QUININO, U. C. M.

; TUTIKIAN, B.

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais

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jun 2020, Volume 13 N. 3 Pages 464 - 482

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O comportamento frágil de concretos pode ser compensado com a inserção de reforços, proporcionando benefícios no que tange ao controle de fissuração, ganho de tenacidade, aumento da resistência à tração, entre outros. Comumente, aplicam-se fibras isoladas em concretos, porém o seu posicionamento na matriz pode não ser homogêneo e, consequentemente, facilita-se o surgimento de planos de ruptura com baixo número de reforços. Assim, o trabalho em questão teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação e comportamento de fibras simples e espaciais em aço, a fim de proporcionar uma mistura mais homogênea, aumentar a área de atuação da fibra na contenção de fissuras e melhorias nas propriedades mecânicas. Os ensaios no estado fresco foram de consistência do compósito, por meio do abatimento do tronco de cone e do VeBe, e, no estado endurecido, avaliou-se a resistência à compressão axial, resistência à tração na flexão e o fator de tenacidade. Variou-se o teor de adição das fibras uni (simples) e espaciais, em volume, de 0 até 0,93%. Com base nos resultados, pode-se afirmar que os teores de fibras espaciais e simples foram benéficos às propriedades reológicas e mecânicas do compósito na combinação isolada (0,29%) e híbrida (0,64%), dado que demonstraram desempenho geral superior às demais misturas. Entretanto, as fibras espaciais acarretam consideráveis perdas da trabalhabilidade, comparado ao concreto tradicional sem fibras, dificultando o seu lançamento e, consequentemente, propriedades no estado endurecido.

Abstract The brittle behavior of concrete can be compensated by the addition of reinforcements, providing benefits such as improved crack control, residual strength and increased flexural strength. It is usual to apply mono fibers to concrete, but their positioning in the matrix may not be homogeneous, consequently increasing the susceptibility to fracture planes with fewer reinforcements. This study aimed to evaluate the use and behavior of simple (mono) and space (3D) steel fibers (SE), in order to achieve a more homogeneous mixture, increase the effectiveness of fibers in restricting cracks and improve mechanical properties. The fresh-state was assessed through slump and VeBe tests, whereas the hardened-state tests comprised axial compressive strength, flexural strength and the flexural toughness factor. The volume content of simple and space fibers varied from 0 to 0.93%. Based on the results, it can be stated that space and simple fiber contents improved rheological and mechanical properties of the composite in isolated (0.29%) and hybrid (0.64%) combinations, since their overall performance exceeded the other mixtures’. However, space fibers caused considerable workability losses compared to the conventional concrete, hindering its casting and harming its hardened-state properties.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952020000300002 894 downloads

Modelado de índices de competencia para Araucaria angustifolia en dos sitios en el sur de Brasil
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Arnoni Costa, Emanuel

; Guimarães Finger, César Augusto

; Schneider, Paulo Renato

; Hess, André Felipe

; Liesenberg, Veraldo

; Tagliapietra Schons, Cristine

Bosque (Valdivia)

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apr 2020, Volume 41 N. 1 Pages 65 - 75

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: This study aimed at modeling competition indices for individual trees of Araucaria angustifolia in natural forests. A total of 397 objetive trees were sampled in Lages and São Francisco de Paula municipalities. Through a non-linear regression analysis, 22 distance-independent and distance-dependent competition indices were modeled based on the diameter at breast height (d) and relative height (hrel: ratio between the total height of the objetive tree and the maximum potential height estimated for the same diameter). The adjusted equations of the indices according to d of the objetive tree achieved values of R² ≤ 0.546 (Syx% ≥ 15.0). The independent variable hrel improved the estimates, explaining up to 63 % of the variation in the data (Syx% ≥ 14.6). In general, competition indices - which consider in the calculation only the variables d of the objetive tree, d of the competitors, its horizontal distance and eventually the height variable- showed superior performance. Therefore, they are indicated for use in growth modeling of A. angustifolia, due to superior facility of application in natural forests. The developed equations showed to be good representations of the degree of competition at the level of the individual tree of A. angustifolia for the two evaluated sites, measuring only the diameter or including the height of the central tree for more accurate precision. The expansion of research to other sites along the distribution of the species will confirm the application of these equations to their full extent. In addition, this work contributes to the inclusion of competition indices in modeling of individual trees in uneven-aged mixed forests.

RESUMEN: El presente estudio modeló índices de competencia para árboles individuales de Araucaria angustifolia en bosque nativo. Fueron muestreados 397 árboles objetivo en los municipios de Lages y São Francisco de Paula. Mediante análisis de regresión no linear fueron modelados 22 índices de competencia independientes y dependientes de la distancia en función del diámetro a la altura del pecho y altura relativa (razón entre la altura total del árbol objetivo y la máxima altura potencial estimada para el mismo diámetro). Las ecuaciones ajustadas de los índices en función del diámetro del árbol objetivo alcanzaron valores de R² ≤ 0,546 (Syx% ≥ 15,0). La altura relativa mejoró las estimaciones, explicando hasta el 63 % de la variación de datos (Syx% ≥ 14,6). En general, los índices de competencia que consideraron solo los diámetros del árbol objetivo y de los competidores, sus distancias horizontales, y eventualmente la altura, presentaron desempeño superior, siendo así indicados para el modelado del crecimiento de A. Angustifolia, debido a la mayor facilidad de aplicación en bosque nativo. Las ecuaciones desarrolladas representaron bien el grado de competencia a nivel del árbol individual de A. angustifolia para los dos sitios evaluados, midiendo solo el diámetro, o incluyendo también la altura del árbol objetivo para una mayor precisión. La expansión de la investigación a otros sitios a lo largo de la distribución de las especies permitirá confirmar la aplicación de estas ecuaciones en toda su amplitud. Además, este trabajo contribuye a la inclusión de índices de competencia en el modelado de árboles individuales en bosques mixtos disetáneos.

621 downloads

Impact of an acute heat shock during in vitro maturation on interleukin 6 and its associated receptor component transcripts in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes
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Rowinski, Julia R.

; Rispoli, Louisa A.

; Payton, Rebecca R.

; Schneider, Liesel G.

; Schrick, F. Neal

; McLean, Kyle J.

; Edwards, J. Lannett

Animal Reproduction

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2020, Volume 17 N. 4 elocation e20200221

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract An acute heat stress event after the LH surge increased interleukin 6 (IL6) levels in the follicular fluid of the ovulatory follicle in hyperthermic cows. To examine direct consequences of a physiologically-relevant elevated temperature (41.0°C) on the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC), IL6 transcript abundance and related receptor components were evaluated throughout in vitro maturation. Heat-induced increases in IL6 were first noted at 4 hours of in vitro maturation (hIVM); peak levels occurred at 4.67 versus 6.44 hIVM for 41.0 and 38.5°C COCs, respectively (SEM = 0.23; P < 0.001). Peak IL6ST levels occurred at 6.95 versus 8.29 hIVM for 41.0 and 38.5°C, respectively (SEM = 0.23; P < 0.01). Transcript for LIF differed over time (P < 0.0001) but was not affected by 41.0°C exposure. Blastocyst development after performing IVF was not affected by 41.0°C exposure for 4 or 6 h. When limiting analysis to when IL6 was temporally produced, progesterone levels were only impacted by time and temperature (no interaction). Heat-induced shift in the temporal production of IL6 and IL6ST along with its impact on progesterone likely cooperate in heat-induced hastening of meiotic progression described by others.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0221 420 downloads

10.

Residual herbicides increase the period prior to interference in soybean cultivars
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Rizzardi, Mauro A.

; Rockenbach, Ana P.

; Schneider, Theodoro

Planta Daninha

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2020, Volume 38 elocation e020222194

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: The pre-emergence herbicides diclosulam and flumioxazin are used to weed control in soybean. We hypothesized management of the new emergence of weeds in the early development stages of the soybean could alter the periods of interference. Thus, the period prior to interference allows and increases the canopy closure spaces before the critical period and disfavors the development of weeds inside the vegetative canopy. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether the period prior to interference of soybean cultivars was altered due to the application of residual pre-emergence herbicides. Methods: Two experiments were conducted with the soybean cultivars ‘NA 5909 RG’ and ‘P95R51’. One day before sowing in the main plots, the herbicide treatments paraquat (control without residual herbicide), paraquat+diclosulam, and paraquat+flumioxazin were applied. In the sub-plots, the increasing periods of coexistence of soybean with weeds of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days after the emergence of soybean were allocated. Results: The control without residual herbicide had the lowest period prior to interference and the most considerable reductions in grain yield when compared with residual herbicides in both experiments. The presence of residual herbicide increased the period prior to interference because they controlled the initial emergence of the major weeds in the experimental area. Conclusions: The use of the herbicides with residual activity diclosulam and flumioxazin increased the period prior to interference of ‘NA 5909 RG’ and ‘P95R51’ in areas infested mainly with horseweed and radish.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100091 562 downloads

11.

Anti-hyperalgesic properties of ethanolic crude extract from the peels of Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae)
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SCHNEIDER, ADRIELE C.A.

; BATISTI, ANA P.

; TURNES, BRUNA L.

; MARTINS, THIAGO C.

; LISBOA, MARIA E.M.

; CUSTÓDIO, KAUÊ M.

; ZANCO, JASPER

; WILSON, KAREN S.C.

; HEYMANNS, ANA CAROLINE

; KANIS, LUIZ A.

; MAGNAGO, RACHEL F.

; MARTINS, DANIEL F.

; PIOVEZAN, ANNA P.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2020, Volume 92 N. 1 elocation e20180793

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The therapeutic effects from Citrus reticulata on painful inflammatory ailments are associated to its flavonoids constituent and phytochemical studies with Citrus genus affirm that the peels have important amounts of it. These bioactive compounds have been a considerable therapeutic source and evaluate potential application of the peel extract is significant. This research aims to investigate the influence of ethanolic crude extract from the peels of Citrus reticulata and its possible mechanism of action in different animal models of pain. The extract reduced hyperalgesia in the second phase of formalin test (vehicle: 501.5 ± 40.0 s; C. reticulata extract 300 mg/kg: 161.8 ± 41.1 s), in the carrageenan model (vehicle at 4th h: 82.5 ± 9.6 %; C. reticulata extract 300 mg/kg at 4th h: 47.5 ± 6.5 %) and in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant model (vehicle: 501.5 ± 40.0 s; C. reticulata extract 300 mg/kg: 161.8 ± 41.1 s). The possible contribution of opioidergic and adenosinergic systems in the anti-hyperalgesic effect of C. reticulata extract was observed after treatment, with non-selective antagonists for both systems, which produced reversal effects. In conclusion, these properties of C. reticulata extract suggest a potential therapeutic benefit in treating painful conditions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020180793 440 downloads

12.

Advanced Oxidation Processes to the Remediation of Liquid Residue from the Thermal Treatment of Oily Sludge
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Costa, Graziela S.

; Althoff, Christine A.

; Schneider, Jéssica T.

; Peralta-Zamora, Patricio

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jul 2019, Volume 30 N. 7 Pages 1515 - 1523

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This work reports the remediation of a liquid residue derived from the thermal treatment of petrochemical residues by advanced oxidation processes. Firstly, degradation studies of phenol aqueous solutions by heterogeneous photocatalysis, Fenton, and photo-Fenton were conducted. Fenton processes showed a higher efficiency, mainly in the UVA photo-assisted mode (94% in 3 min), and henceforward it was chosen for the remediation of the residue. However, the high organic load of the raw residue (6,000 mg L-1 of chemical oxygen demand (COD)) limited the efficiency of the Fenton processes. Hence, the raw liquid residue was diluted with the scrubber residue, produced during the thermal treatment of the petrochemical residues, reducing the COD to values close to 2,000 mg L-1. The photo-Fenton treatment allowed the removal of approximately 95% of the COD load, decreasing the residual concentration of phenolic compounds from 213 to 0.5 mg L-1. At the same time, the concentration of BTEXs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) were reduced to values lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the chromatographic technique. Therefore, the photo-Fenton process is an efficient alternative to the remediation of residues with high complexity and with high COD values, like the ones obtained in the petrochemical industry.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20190048 463 downloads

13.

The last giant Araucaria trees in southern Brazil
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Scipioni, Marcelo Callegari

; Dobner Jr., Mário

; Longhi, Solon Jonas

; Vibrans, Alexander Christian

; Schneider, Paulo Renato

Scientia Agricola

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may 2019, Volume 76 N. 3 Pages 220 - 226

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT: Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze is a native tree species of major importance in southern Brazil. It is a regional symbol due to its iconic shape and stature in the landscape; its wood was once economically important and its seeds are an important source of food for the fauna and are presently used in regional cuisine. Despite its importance and apparent abundance, the species is facing extinction mainly as a result of unregulated exploitation and deforestation. This study catalogued the remaining individuals in order to add to the body of knowledge available on A. angustifolia, a species that has become rare across its historic range. The circumference at breast height (1.30 m), the total height, and the tree volume were measured (3,529 araucarias). We catalogued trees with a large diameter measuring them in loco over three years involving a journey of more than 6,800 km. The volumes of these old trees are very large, ranging from 38.2 m3 to 106.6 m3. The largest A. angustifolia individual is located in the state of Santa Catarina and measures 3.25 m in diameter. The giant araucarias with > 2.00 m in diameter are rare and only 13 individuals could be found in southern Brazil; a priority action at the governmental level is to recognize and preserve these monumental trees and together with a need for a public policy of drawing up specific inventories of large trees.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2017-0264 1656 downloads

14.

Mycological quality of pecan nuts from Brazil: absence of aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins
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Garcia, Marcelo Valle

; Moraes, Vivian Machado

; Bernardi, Angélica Olivier

; Oliveira, Maurício Schneider

; Mallmann, Carlos Augusto

; Boscardin, Jardel

; Copetti, Marina Venturini

Ciência Rural

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2019, Volume 49 N. 6 elocation e20190076

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Nos últimos anos, o Brasil tem incentivado o cultivo de pecãs para atender a demanda do mercado nacional e internacional de nozes. Novas variedades genéticas de pecãs foram selecionadas nos últimos anos, mas informações científicas disponíveis sobre a ocorrência de fungos e aflatoxinas na literatura internacional estão desatualizadas. Portanto, o presente estudo objetivou quantificar e identificar a microbiota fúngica e a presença de aflatoxinas em nozes cultivadas no sul do Brasil. Cinquenta e dois lotes de nozes (variedade Barton) foram obtidos de produtores de 19 municípios do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e analisados por meio de Ágar Dicloran Glicerol 18% (DG18) e Aspergillus Flavus e Parasiticus Agar (AFPA), após incubação em 25 °C durante 7 dias. Análises de aflatoxinas foram realizadas usando HPLC acoplado a um espectrômetro de massa. Os resultados revelaram pelo menos 10 gêneros diferentes de fungos. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium e Cladosporium foram predominantes. Espécies xerofílicas de Aspergillus (A. wentii, A. ruber, A. pseudoglaucus e A. chevalieri) foram comumente encontradas nas amostras. Nenhuma espécie potencial produtora de aflatoxinas foi isolada e nenhuma aflatoxina foi detectada (LOQ=1 μg/kg e LOD=0,1 μg/kg para AFB1 e AFB2; e 0,3 μg/kg para AFG1 e AFG2) nas amostras avaliadas. A ausência desse grupo carcinogênico de micotoxinas é altamente positiva e pode impulsionar os investimentos no setor, além de estimular a comercialização e o consumo dessa variedade de nozes.

ABSTRACT: In recent years, Brazil has encouraged the cultivation of pecans to meet both demands of domestic and international market of nuts. New genetic varieties of pecans have been selected in recent years, but available scientific information on the occurrence of fungi and aflatoxins in the international literature is out of date. Therefore, the present study aimed to quantify and identify fungal microbiota and the presence of aflatoxins in pecan nuts cultivated in southern Brazil. Fifty-two pecan nut lots (Barton variety) were obtained from producers from 19 cities of Rio Grande do Sul State and analyzed by direct plating in Agar Dichloran Glycerol 18% (DG18) and Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar (AFPA), following incubation at 25 °C for 7 days. Aflatoxins analyses were carried out using HPLC coupled with a mass spectrometer. Results revealed at least 10 different genera of fungi. Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Cladosporium were predominant. Xerophilic species of Aspergillus (A. wentii, A. ruber, A. pseudoglaucus, and A. chevalieri) were commonly reported in the samples. No potential aflatoxin-producing species was isolated and no aflatoxins were detected (LOQ=1 μg/kg and LOD=0.1 μg/kg for AFB1 and AFB2, and 0.3 μg/kg for AFG1 and AFG2) in the evaluated samples. The absence of this carcinogenic group of mycotoxins is highly positive and could boost the investments in the sector, as well as stimulate the commercialization and consumption of this variety of nut.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20190076 1157 downloads

15.

Mutations in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene have no influence on the distinct patterns of melanic plumage found in the manakins of the genus Antilophia (Aves: Pipridae)
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LUNA, LEILTON W.

; SILVA, WEBER A. GIRÃO E

; ARARIPE, JULIANA

; PEREIRA, ISADORA T.F.

; D'HORTA, FERNANDO M.

; SAMPAIO, IRACILDA

; SCHNEIDER, HORACIO

; RÊGO, PÉRICLES S. DO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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sep 2018, Volume 90 N. 3 Pages 2873 - 2879

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The melanocortin-1 receptor gene is the most widely-used marker for the investigation of the genetic determination of melanic plumage patterns. Studies of a number of wild bird species have shown an association between non-synonymous mutations of the MC1R gene and the presence of melanic variants. The genus Antilophia (Pipridae) includes only two manakin species (A. galeata and A. bokermanni), which are distinguished primarily by the differences in the pattern of melanic coloration of the plumage of the mantle in the adult males. In A. galeata, this plumage is black, while in A. bokermanni, it is predominantly white. This study investigates the possible association between mutations of the MC1R marker and the variation in plumage coloration observed in the two species. The MC1R sequences of the two species was analyzed, and the observed nucleotide variation was compared. Six polymorphic sites were identified, representing seven distinct genotypes. Five of these polymorphic mutations were non-synonymous, but were not related to the different phenotypes. Neutral evolution and the absence of any systematic association between the variants of the MC1R and plumage coloration in the Antilophia species indicate that alternative mechanisms regulate the expression of the coloration of the plumage in the adult males.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820171003 1052 downloads

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