Resumo: Inventários de ictiofauna com métodos tradicionais de captura são indesejáveis em reservas marinhas. O censo visual subaquático, porém, sofre o viés das interações peixe-mergulhador, tais como comportamentos de timidez ou fuga exercido pelas grandes espécies-alvo de pressões pesqueiras, incluindo, a caça submarina. Esse estudo representa o primeiro inventário da ictiofauna marinha do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, costa nordeste do Brasil, utilizando sistemas não-destrutivos independentes de vídeos subaquáticos com iscas (BRUVS). Uma elevada riqueza de espécies de peixes, com 66 espécies de 28 famílias e 10 ordens, incluindo cinco espécies de elasmobrânquios e outros grandes peixes predadores como barracudas, garoupas e dentões, foi registrada em 81 amostras de vídeos subaquáticos. Adicionalmente, todos os 4.398 indivíduos avistados foram associados a até quatro diferentes tipos de habitats bentônicos. Um catálogo de imagens subaquáticas dos peixes e uma lista de espécies detalhada com informações adicionais, tais como o status de conservação, são fornecidos.

Abstract: Fish fauna assessments with traditional catch methods are undesired in marine reserves. Underwater visual census on the other hand is biased due to fish-diver interactions, such as shyness or avoidance behavior of large-bodied target species. This study presents the first marine ichthyofauna inventory of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, off northeastern Brazil, sampled with non-destructive, independent Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVS). High fish species richness, totaling 66 species from 28 families and 10 orders, including five elasmobranch species and other large predatory fish, such as barracudas, groupers and snappers, were recorded from 81 underwater video samples. Additionally, all of the 4,398 individuals sighted were associated to up to four different benthic habitat types. A catalog of underwater fish images and a detailed species list with additional information, such as conservation status, are provided.

Resumo: Um embrião de Arraia-bicuda Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) com uma anomalia morfológica assimétrica grave na nadadeira peitoral foi obtido como captura-acidental de um barco de pesca de camarão da costa da foz do rio Amazonas, no norte do Brasil. O indivíduo e sua deformação, que provavelmente teria impedido sua sobrevivência ao longo prazo, são descritos e documentados em detalhe. Apresentamos com esse estudo o primeiro registro de um indivíduo anormal dessa espécie para a costa do Brasil.

Abstract: A Longnose stingray Hypanus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) embryo with a major asymmetrical morphological abnormality to its pectoral fin was obtained from commercial shrimp fisher's bycatch, off the coast of the Amazon River Mouth in northern Brazil. The specimen and the deformity, which would presumably have impeded its long-term survival, are described and documented in detail. We herein provide the first report of an abnormal individual of this species for the Brazilian coast.

ABSTRACT A sexually mature albino specimen of the Gillbacker Sea Catfish species Sciades parkeri (Siluriformes, Ariidae), a vulnerable species, was captured in northern Amazon estuary, State of Pará, Brazil. Herein we present the first record of albinism phenomenon for this species, including the morphometric description of the albino, and a non-abnormal coloring specimen.

Head and neck paragangliomas are tumors arising from specialized neural crest cells. Prominent locations are the carotid body along with the vagal, jugular, and tympanic glomus. Head and neck paragangliomas are slowly growing tumors, with some carotid body tumors being reported to exist for many years as a painless lateral mass on the neck. Symptoms depend on the specific locations. In contrast to paraganglial tumors of the adrenals, abdomen and thorax, head and neck paragangliomas seldom release catecholamines and are hence rarely vasoactive. Petrous bone, jugular, and tympanic head and neck paragangliomas may cause hearing loss. The internationally accepted clinical classifications for carotid body tumors are based on the Shamblin Class I-III stages, which correspond to postoperative permanent side effects. For petrous-bone paragangliomas in the head and neck, the Fisch classification is used. Regarding the molecular genetics, head and neck paragangliomas have been associated with nine susceptibility genes: NF1, RET, VHL, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2 (SDH5), and TMEM127. Hereditary HNPs are mostly caused by mutations of the SDHD gene, but SDHB and SDHC mutations are not uncommon in such patients. Head and neck paragangliomas are rarely associated with mutations of VHL, RET, or NF1. The research on SDHA, SDHAF2 and TMEM127 is ongoing. Multiple head and neck paragangliomas are common in patients with SDHD mutations, while malignant head and neck paraganglioma is mostly seen in patients with SDHB mutations. The treatment of choice is surgical resection. Good postoperative results can be expected in carotid body tumors of Shamblin Class I and II, whereas operations on other carotid body tumors and other head and neck paragangliomas frequently result in deficits of the cranial nerves adjacent to the tumors. Slow growth and the tendency of hereditary head and neck paragangliomas to be multifocal may justify less aggressive treatment strategies.