ABSTRACT The homeopathy has been practiced for many years, mainly using rodent as a research model. Zebrafish have been used as an animal model in different scientific areas and may represent an important model in studies with this therapy. This paper aimed to evaluate the action of Homeopatila 100® on the growth, the action on the liver and reproduction of zebrafish. The study was carried out with 192 six months old animals. The experimental period was three months, being evaluated the growth, the hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes, the number of hepatocytes per area and the percentage of glycogen in these cells, performing the hepatic histology of males and females. It was evaluated the reproduction of the animals, checking the production and probability of hatching of the eggs. It was found that homeopathy increases the number of hepatocytes and glycogen in females, as well as improved the reproductive indices evaluated.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de larvas e alevinos de piracanjuba em programa de repovoamento. Foram coletadas 180 larvas de piracanjuba de três dias e 90 alevinos de três meses de idade. Foram avaliados cinco loci microssatélites, os quais produziram 19 alelos. Não houve presença de alelos raros nem perdas de alelos ao longo do período. A heterozigosidade observada foi superior nas larvas em relação aos alevinos. Houve desvio no equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg na maioria dos loci em ambos os grupos. O coeficiente de endogamia foi positivo em ambos os grupos, sendo a média dos alevinos superior em relação às larvas. O excesso de heterozigotos foi significativo no modelo Stepwise Mutation Model para os alevinos, indicando a possibilidade de efeito gargalo recente. Conclui-se que, apesar da adequada variabilidade genética encontrada, os valores do coeficiente de endogamia e a possibilidade de efeito gargalo nos alevinos atentam para a necessidade de constante monitoramento genético desses estoques antes da liberação no ambiente.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability of Piracanjuba larvae and fingerlings in restocking program. A total of 180 three-day Piracanjuba larvae and 90 three-month-old fish were sampled. Five microsatellite loci were evaluated, which produced 19 alleles. There were no rare alleles or loss of alleles over the period. The observed heterozygosity was higher in larvae compared to fingerlings. There was a deviation in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in most loci in both groups. The inbreeding coefficient was positive in both groups, with the average of the fingerlings superior to the larvae. The excess heterozygotes were significant in the Stepwise Mutation Model for the fingerlings, indicating the possibility of a recent bottleneck effect. Despite the adequate genetic variability found, the values of the inbreeding coefficient and the possibility of bottleneck effect in the fingerlings show the need for constant genetic monitoring of these stocks prior to release into the environment.

This study evaluated the incorporation of β-carotene, lutein and lycopene into tilapia (genetically improved farmed tilapia, GIFT) fillets supplemented through 0, 20 and 40 days, and their influence on the fatty acid composition and nutritional quality of raw and grilled fillets. A control diet and a diet containing those carotenoids were elaborated with the same lipid source (soybean oil). For carotenoids analysis, the extraction was performed according to the literature, employing acetone and hexane. The relative intensities of m/z ratios of those carotenoids ions were obtained by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure (UPLC-APCI MS/MS), and an increase of carotenoid concentration in the supplemented fillets was observed, especially after the grilling process (180 ºC for 15 min). An increase in the concentration of total carotenoids in grilled fillets (75 and 35% higher than raw fillets, for 20 and 40 days of supplementation, respectively, corresponding to 8.32 and 2.42 µg β-carotene g-1 sample) was also observed. Therefore, the carotenoids promoted the stability of lipid oxidation in grilled samples; fact that can be correlated with antioxidant effect of these compounds, it can be also explained by the breakdown of carotenoids physical barrier and the conditions used in the grilling process. Moreover, acceptable n-6/n-3 indices and recommended polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) values were observed in supplemented fillets. Consequently, lutein, β-carotene and lycopene were considered viable as additive on fish diet, since the supplementation promoted the increase of food quality, even after preparation for consumption.

This study aimed evaluate the influence of food processing in diet on development of larvae of Pimelodus britskii. Seventy five larvae were assigned in a completely randomized design to 15 aquariums of five liters at a density of one larva per liter. The diets were processed and supplied as mash, paste and extruded ground. The larvae were feeding to apparent satiation for a period of 30 days, four times daily: 8, 11, 14 and 17 h. The parameters of water (dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity) were measured once a week. There were not differences in performance for final weight, and survival of larvae. For the average final length, the ground extruded diet was better than the mash diet (p<0.05) but not different from the pasty diet. These results indicate that processing of the feed influence the performance of the Pimelodus britskii in the initial phase. Therefore is recommended the use of ground extrused diets to achieve higher final length of animals.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influencia do processamento de ração na dieta sobre o desenvolvimento de larvas de mandi-pintado (Pimelodus britskii). Foram utilizadas 75 larvas, distribuídas em um experimento inteiramente casualizado em 15 aquários de 5 l de volume útil em uma densidade de uma larva por litro. As rações foram processadas e fornecidas na forma farelada, pastosa e extrusada moída. As larvas foram alimentadas até a saciedade aparente por um período de 30 dias, 4 vezes ao dia: 8, 11, 14 e 17 h. Os parâmetros da água (oxigênio dissolvido, pH e condutividade) foram mensurados uma vez por semana. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho das larvas em relação ao peso médio final e sobrevivência. Para o comprimento médio final, a dieta extrusada moída foi melhor que a ração farelada (p<0,05), mas não diferiu da dieta pastosa. Os resultados indicam que o processamento da ração influencia no desempenho na fase inicial. Por tanto, recomenda-se a utilização de ração extrusada moída para se obter maior comprimento final dos animais.