Abstract Background Professional soccer athletes are exposed to repetitive head impacts and are at risk of developing chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Objective To evaluate regional brain glucose metabolism (rBGM) and gray matter (GM) volume in retired soccer players (RSPs). Methods Male RSPs and age and sex-matched controls prospectively enrolled between 2017 and 2019 underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, brain MRI and [18F]FDG-PET in a 3.0-Tesla PET/MRI scanner. Visual analysis was performed by a blinded neuroradiologist and a blinded nuclear physician. Regional brain glucose metabolism and GM volume were assessed using SPM8 software. Groups were compared using appropriate statistical tests available at SPM8 and R. Results Nineteen RSPs (median [IQR]: 62 [50–64.5] years old) and 20 controls (60 [48–73] years old) were included. Retired soccer players performed worse on mini-mental state examination, digit span, clock drawing, phonemic and semantic verbal fluency tests, and had reduced rBGM in the left temporal pole (pFDR = 0.008) and the anterior left middle temporal gyrus (pFDR = 0.043). Semantic verbal fluency correlated with rBGM in the right hippocampus, left temporal pole, and posterior left middle temporal gyrus (p ≤ 0.042). Cray matter volume reduction was observed in similar anatomic regions but was less extensive and did not survive correction for multiple comparisons (pFDR ≥ 0.085). Individual [18F]FDG-PET visual analysis revealed seven RSPs with overt hypometabolism in the medial and lateral temporal lobes, frontal lobes, and temporoparietal regions. Retired soccer players had a higher prevalence of septum pellucidum abnormalities on MRI. Conclusion Retired soccer players had reduced rBCM and CM volume in the temporal lobes and septum pellucidum abnormalities, findings possibly related to repetitive head impacts.

Resumo Antecedentes Jogadores profissionais de futebol estão expostos a impactos cranianos repetitivos e ao risco de desenvolver encefalopatia traumática crônica. Objetivo Avaliar o metabolismo glicolítico cerebral regional (MCCr) e o volume de substância cinzenta (vSC) em jogadores de futebol aposentados (JFAs). Métodos Jogadores de futebol aposentados masculinos e controles pareados por idade e sexo foram incluídos prospectivamente entre 2017 e 2019. Foram realizadas avaliações neurológica e neuropsicológica, ressonância magnética (RM) e [18F]FDG-PET cerebrais (3.0-Tesla PET/RM). As imagens foram analisadas visualmente por um neurorradiologista e um médico nuclear cegos ao grupo de cada participante. O metabolismo glicolítico cerebral regional e o vSC foram avaliados através do programa SPM8. Os grupos foram comparados através de testes estatísticos apropriados disponíveis em SPM8 e R, de acordo com a distribuição e o tipo dos dados. Resultados Dezenove JFAs (mediana [IIQ]: 62 [50–64.5] anos) e 20 controles (60 [48–73] anos) foram incluídos. Os JFAs tiveram pior desempenho no mini-exame do estado mental e nos testes de dígitos, desenho do relógio, fluência verbal e fluência semântica e apresentaram MCCr significativamente reduzido no polo temporal e no giro temporal médio anterior esquerdos. Fluência semântica (animais) apresentou correlação positiva com MCCr no hipocampo direito, no polo temporal esquerdo e no aspecto posterior do giro temporal médio esquerdo. Menor vSC foi observado nas mesmas regiões, porém este achado não sobreviveu à correção para comparações múltiplas. Análise individual do [18F]FDG-PET cerebral revelou sete JFAs com claro hipometabolismo nas faces medial e lateral dos lobos temporais, nos lobos frontais e nas regiões temporoparietais. Os JFAs apresentaram ainda maior prevalência de anormalidades do septo pelúcido. Conclusão Os JFAs apresentam MCCr e vSC reduzidos nos lobos temporais, além de anormalidades do septo pelúcido, achados possivelmente relacionados a impactos cranianos repetitivos.

Background Eucalyptus is the primary cultivated wood species in Brazil, covering 7.5 million hectares. Weed competition in eucalyptus plantations reduces yield and increases operational costs. FuturaGene/Suzano has developed genetically modified (GM) eucalyptus varieties with glyphosate herbicide tolerance (HT) as a modern tool for improving weed management practices in plantations. The first event received regulatory approval for commercial deployment in 2021. However, the introgression of a new GM trait into eucalyptus, a non-isogenic species, cannot be achieved through selfing or backcrossing. To overcome this limitation and expedite the introgression of HT into the breeding population, multiple GM events were generated, in various genetic backgrounds and genomic locations, enabling simultaneous crossing with numerous elite parents. Objective To characterize the newly developed HT GM eucalyptus events and assess their safety for the environment and wood production. Methods HT GM eucalyptus events were subjected to genome sequencing and glyphosate tolerance testing. Biosafety analyses and environmental impact assessments were conducted through field trials in various eucalyptus cultivation regions, comparing the HT GM eucalyptus with conventional clones. Results The new events proved highly tolerant to glyphosate and displayed different genomic insertion sites. No adverse effects on non-target organisms were observed, and there were no significant differences in the soil microbiota or decomposition profile.Conclusions: The HT GM events have been proven to be safe, posing a low risk to the environment, humans, and animals. Consequently, these HT GM eucalyptus varieties can be confidently utilized for wood production.

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis, a neglected disease caused by the parasite Leishmania, is treated with drugs associated with high toxicity and limited efficacy, in addition to constant reports of the emergence of resistant parasites. In this context, snake serums emerge as good candidates since they are natural sources with the potential to yield novel drugs. OBJECTIVES We aimed to show the antileishmanial effects of γCdcPLI, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor from Crotalus durissus collilineatus snake serum, against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. METHODS Promastigotes forms were exposed to γCdcPLI, and we assessed the parasite viability and cell cycle, as well as invasion and proliferation assays. FINDINGS Despite the low cytotoxicity effect on macrophages, our data indicate that γCdcPLI has a direct effect on parasites promoting an arrest in the G1 phase and reduction in the G2/M phase at the highest dose tested. Moreover, this PLA2 inhibitor reduced the parasite infectivity when promastigotes were pre-treated. Also, we demonstrated that the γCdcPLI treatment modulated the host cell environment impairing early and late steps of the parasitism. MAIN CONCLUSIONS γCdcPLI is an interesting tool for the discovery of new essential targets on the parasite, as well as an alternative compound to improve the effectiveness of the leishmaniasis treatment. Leishmaniasis efficacy context A serum (Leishmania amazonensis cycle assays macrophages G G2M GM G2 M tested Moreover PLA pretreated. pretreated pre treated. pre-treated Also parasitism

Corona virus disease (COVID-19) presents a serious threat to global health. A historical timeline of early molecular diagnostics from government alert (January 22) (D) was presented. After in silico analysis, Brazilian Army Institute of Biology (IBEx-RJ) tested samples in house using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (fast mode) based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations. First cases from Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, IBEx, and diagnosis team were reported in D36, D44, D66, and D74 respectively. Therefore, after 1300 tests, we recommend N1/N2 primer sets (CDC) for preliminary and Charité protocol confirmation in case of positive results. Moreover, every professional should be tested before starting work, in addition to weekly tests for everyone involved.

RESUMO O objetivo com o trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade econômica da suplementação de L-arginina em dietas para matrizes suínas durante a fase de lactação. Um estudo de caso descritivo foi realizado para identificar a viabilidade econômica da suplementação de L-arginina na ração de lactação, em relação à dieta controle, sobre o desempenho produtivo de matrizes suínas hiperprolíficas e suas leitegadas. O estudo foi realizado em uma granja comercial localizada no estado de Minas Gerais. Analisou critérios de viabilidade como o produto físico marginal (MPPg) e margem bruta (GM) no cenário de eficiência técnica e econômica, que foram comparados com o GM no grupo controle. A eficiência técnica foi estabelecida em 0,71% de L-arginina no consumo diário de ração de acordo com trabalho de campo prévio realizado pelos autores, enquanto a eficiência econômica obtida neste estudo foi de 0,43% de suplementação. A relação entre o preço da L-arginina e o preço de venda dos leitões determinou diretamente a viabilidade econômica, comparado ao grupo controle. Assim, considerando inicialmente o preço de um leitão como R$ 9,76/kg, o custo da L-arginina não deve exceder 6,61 vezes esse valor; isto é, estima-se em até R$ 64,50. Portanto, ao preço final de L-arginina de R$ 54,88, um leitão deve ser vendido ao preço de R$ 8,30/kg para tornar a suplementação de L-arginina na dieta de matrizes suínas em fase de lactação economicamente viáveis.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic viability of L-arginine supplementation in diets for sows during the lactation phase. A descriptive case study was carried out to identify the economic viability of the supplementation of L-arginine in the lactation ration, in relation to the control diet, on the productive performance of hyper prolific sows and their litters. The study was carried out on a commercial farm located in the state of Minas Gerais. It analyzed feasibility criteria such as the marginal physical product (MPPg) and gross margin (GM) in the scenario of technical and economic efficiency, which were compared to the GM in the control group. Technical efficiency was established at 0.71% of L-arginine in daily feed intake according to previous fieldwork by the authors, while economic efficiency obtained in this study was 0.43% supplementation. The relationship between the L-arginine price and the sale price of the piglets directly determined the economic viability, compared to the control group. Thus, initially considering the price of a piglet as R$ 9.76/kg, the cost of L-arginine should not exceed 6.61 times this value; that is, it is estimated at up to R$ 64.50. Therefore, at the final price of L-arginine of R$ 54.88, a piglet should be sold at a price of R$ 8.30/kg to make the supplementation of L-arginine in the diet of lactation-phase swine economically possible.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do período de transição em constituintes hematológicos e bioquímicos em éguas Mangalarga Marchador. Foram utilizadas 48 éguas para formar um grupo de manutenção (GM) e um grupo de transição (GT), composto por éguas gestantes e, após o parto, lactentes. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos seguintes tempos: T-60 (60 dias pré-parto), T-30 (30 dias pré-parto), T-15 (15 dias pré-parto), T0 (seis primeiras horas pós-parto), T15 (15 dias pós-parto), T30 (30 dias pós-parto) e T60 (60 dias pós-parto). O GT apresentou valores menores (P<0,05) de hemácias, hematócrito e hemoglobina, nos tempos T0, T15, T30 e T60, do que o GM. O volume corpuscular médio foi menor no GM (P<0,05) do que no GT (T0, T15, T30, T60) e a concentração corpórea de hemoglobina corpórea foi maior (P<0,05) no GM do que no GT (T15, T30, T60). Por outro lado, a distribuição do diâmetro dos eritrócitos apresentou um valor menor (P<0,05) no GM do que no GT (T15 e T30). Éguas em período de transição apresentam anemia regenerativa. Os resultados demonstram variações metabólicas de diferentes intensidades durante a gestação, o parto e o início de lactação.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the transition period on hematological and biochemical constituents in Mangalarga Marchador mares. Forty-eight mares were used to form a maintenance group (MG) and transition group (TG), formed by pregnant mares and, after delivery, infants. Blood samples were collected at the following times: T-60 (60 d pre-delivery), T-30 (30 d pre-delivery), T-15 (15 d pre-delivery), T0 (first 6h post-delivery), T15 (15 d post-delivery), T30 (30 d post-delivery), and T60 (60 d post-delivery). The TG had lower values (P< 0.05) of red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin at T0, T15, T30 and T60 times than MG. The mean corpuscular volume was lower in MG (P< 0.05) than in TG (T0, T15, T30 and T60) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was higher (P< 0.05) in MG than in TG (T15, T30 and T60). On the other hand, the diameter distribution of red blood cells presented a lower value (P< 0.05) in MG than in TG (T15 and T30). Mares in transition period presented regenerative anemia. The results demonstrate physiological metabolic variations of different intensities during pregnancy, delivery and early lactation.

RESUMO: Mudanças adaptativas no metabolismo podem ocorrer em condições fisiológicas específicas, sendo necessário o conhecimento dos constituintes bioquímicos que possam sofrer variações durante os sessenta dias antes do parto, até os primeiros sessenta dias de lactação. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e avaliar o perfil bioquímico de éguas Mangalarga Marchador no terço final da gestação, parto e lactação. Para isso, foram utilizadas 48 éguas, que formaram um grupo em manutenção (GM), composto por éguas não prenhes e um grupo experimental, chamado de grupo de transição (GT), formado por éguas gestantes. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas nos seguintes tempos: GM foi avaliada em um único tempo (início de todas as coletas); GT foi avaliado em sete tempos [T-60, T-30, T-15 (dias antes do parto), T0 (primeiras seis horas após o parto), T15, T30, T60 (dias após o parto)]. Todos animais foram submetidos as análises bioquímicas, em que foram mensuradas as concentrações de cálcio total, sódio, potássio, cloreto, fósforo, magnésio, ácido úrico, creatinina e ureia. Os dois grupos diferiram significativamente (P<0,05) nas concentrações de cálcio total, magnésio, sódio, potássio, creatinina, ácido úrico e ureia. Variações entre tempos também foram observadas nesses componentes. Entretanto, cloreto e fósforo não diferiram entre GM e GT. Conclui-se que o terço final da gestação, parto e lactação exerce forte influência sobre os constituintes bioquímicos do sangue por meio de ajustes para manter a homeostase nas éguas.

ABSTRACT: Adaptive changes in metabolism may occur under specific physiological conditions, being necessary the knowledge of the biochemical constituents that can undergo variations during the sixty days before foaling, until the first sixty days of lactation. The present study aimed to identify and evaluate the biochemical profile of Mangalarga Marchador mares during the last third of pregnancy, foaling and lactation. For this, 48 mares were used, which formed a maintenance group (MG), composed of non-pregnant mares and an experimental group, called the transition group (TG), formed by pregnant mares. Blood samples were collected at the following times: MG was evaluated in a single time (beginning of all collections); TG was evaluated in seven times [T-60, T-30, T-15 (days before foaling), T0 (first six hours after foaling), T15, T30, T60 (days after foaling)]. All animals were submitted to biochemical analysis, in which the concentrations of total calcium, chloride, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, uric acid, creatinine, and urea were measured. The two groups differed significantly (P<0.05) in calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, creatinine, uric acid and urea concentration. Variation between times was also observed for these compounds. However, chloride and phosphorus did not differ between MG and TG. It was concluded that the last third of pregnancy, foaling and lactation exerts major influence on the biochemical constituents of blood through adjustments to maintain homeostasis in mares.

This study aimed to evaluate the microbial populations, fermentation profile, dry matter recovery and chemical composition of elephant grass silage with ground maize (GM) and the fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB). A factorial design was used with four levels of GM (0 g/kg, 50 g/kg, 100 g/kg and 200 g/kg), untreated or treated with FJLB, in a completely randomized design with five replicates. A pre-experiment was undertaken to determine the optimum level of sucrose to be added to fermented juice for the development of epiphytic microflora. In this pre-experiment, a completely randomized design with three replications was used. The treatments were represented by the levels of sucrose (0 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 10 g/kg, 20 g/kg, 40 g/kg, 60 g/kg and 80 g/kg, fresh matter basis). The microbial populations, dry matter recovery, and effluent losses were affected by the interaction between GM and FJLB. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) contents increased linearly with the inclusion of GM. The addition of GM enhanced the fermentation process via a reduction in losses, and improvements were identified in the nutritional value of elephant grass silages. The use of fermented juice increased dry matter recovery, and its effect was more pronounced when ground maize was added.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Invasive aspergillosis is a condition associated with a high mortality rate mostly due to difficulties in performing an early diagnosis. In recent years, galactomannan detection has markedly improved the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, but very little is known on how physicians deal with this test in clinical practice. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the indications for the use of serum galactomannan in a large Brazilian hospital, between 2015 and 2016. No specific protocol was in place for GM request. We reviewed the medical records of adult (>18 years-old) patients who were tested for galactomannan due to one the following indications: screening, diagnosis, or treatment follow-up. Additional variables included demographic data, underlying diseases, presence of neutropenia, and use of previous antifungal (anti-Aspergillus) drugs. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51 years-old (sd ± 15.8), and 63.3% of patients were male. Patients with hematological malignancies accounted for 60.1% of the cases, mostly acute myeloid leukemia (19.6%). Galactomannan testing was positive in 12.2% of patients, including 1.6% of occasions in which the test was used for screening purposes, 13.2% for diagnosis, and 32.4% during follow-up. Median time for chest imaging request was two days before GM testing. Previous antifungal therapy was reported for 35.1% of patients, mostly amphotericin B (57.1%). Conclusion: The correct use of galactomannan testing is essential for an early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, which may improve the prognosis of the disease. We demonstrated that clinicians usually ask for galactomannan tests to confirm imaging findings in patients who frequently were on antifungal drugs, something that could be improved by medical education. We observed a low frequency of galactomannan use for preemptive antifungal therapy (25.7%), which is worrying considering the well-known beneficial use of GM testing in this scenario.

ABSTRACT Adequate environmental temperature control is essential for incubation efficiency. Layer breeder eggs (n=360) were weighed and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments, consisting of two incubation temperatures (T1=37.5 °C, control; and T2=39.0 °C, hot), with two incubators per temperature, and 90 eggs per incubator, totaling 360 eggs. Hatchability, embryo mortality, and chick cloacal and body surface temperatures were not affected by incubation temperature. Eggs incubated at the hot temperature presented greater egg mass loss and higher eggshell conductance than those incubated at the control temperature. Layer chicks derived from eggs incubated at control temperature showed greater absolute weight, yolk-free egg mass, and heavier hearts than those from eggs submitted to heat stress during incubation. The control group presented lower base excess and ionized calcium blood levels. Incubating eggs at temperatures higher than those recommended compromises body and heart development of layer chicks and negatively affects blood ionized calcium availability, and therefore, bone mineralization during embryo development. Efficient temperature control during the incubation of fertile eggs is essential to obtain good quality layer chicks.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, no controle da dor após ovário-histerectomia (OVH) laparoscópica com dois portais. Foram selecionadas 14 cadelas hígidas. Os animais foram separados de forma aleatória, em dois grupos. O grupo M (GM) recebeu meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.), enquanto os animais do grupo MT (GMT) receberam a associação de meloxicam (0,2mg kg-1, s.i.d.) e tramadol (4mg kg-1, t.i.d.), ambos durante dois dias de pós-operatório. Para avaliação da dor pós-cirúrgica, foram utilizadas as escalas de Melbourne e escala visual analógica (EVA), além de mensurações de glicemia e cortisol sérico. Não houve diferença ao se avaliarem os grupos GM e GMT pela escala de Melbourne nem pela EVA. As mensurações de cortisol não atingiram valores superiores aos de referência para a espécie, enquanto os valores de glicemia não apresentaram variação significativa ao longo do tempo de avaliação nem entre grupos. Com os resultados deste estudo, foi possível concluir que a utilização de meloxicam associado ou não ao tramadol, nas doses e posologias propostas, é eficaz para controlar a dor pós-operatória de cadelas submetidas à OVH laparoscópica com dois portais.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of meloxicam with or without tramadol for pain control after laparoscopic-assisted ovariohysterectomy (OVH) by two-portal access. Were selected 14 healthy dogs to perform video-assisted OVHs. The animals were divided randomly into two groups (GM and GMT). The GM group received meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d), whereas the GMT group received the combination of meloxicam (0.2mg kg-1, s.i.d) and tramadol (4mg kg-1, tid), both for two days after surgery. To evaluate the post-surgical pain Melbourne and EVA scales were used, and blood glucose and serum cortisol were measured. There was no statistical difference when evaluating GM and GMT groups and the Melbourne scale or the visual analogue scale VAS. Cortisol measurements did not reach values higher than the reference for the species, while blood glucose levels did not present significant statistical variation throughout the evaluation time or between groups. With these results, we concluded that the use of meloxicam with or without the tramadol at the doses and dosage schedules proposed, is effective to control postoperative pain in bitches that had undergone video-assisted OVH with two-portal access.

RESUMOOBJETIVOS:Verificar a prevalência dos tipos de fórmula metatarsal (FM) em pacientes com metatarsalgia primária (MP); comparar a variável "encurtamento do primeiro metatarso em relação ao segundo" (I/II) entre os grupos metatarsalgia (GM) e controle (GC); analisar a concordância intra e interobservadores pelos métodos das linhas transversais (MLT) de Morton e dos arcos (MA) de Hardy e Clapham. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional transversal em 56 pacientes por meio de radiografias dos 112 pés, 56 do GM e 56 do GC avaliados entre dezembro de 2012 e junho de 2013. As mensurações foram feitas por três residentes do terceiro ano em ortopedia, com treinamento prévio dos métodos e uso de template. RESULTADOS: Não houve concordância em nenhum dos dois métodos verificados pelos gráficos de Bland-Altman, apesar de o coeficiente de correlação intraclasses apresentar uma alta reprodutibilidade intra e interobservadores pelo MLT (0,78 e 0,85) e moderada pelo MA (0,73 e 0,60). Na comparação entre os grupos, observou-se diferença estatística (p ≤ 0,05) com um encurtamento do primeiro metatarso (3,39 mm) maior no GC em relação ao GM (2,14 mm). Nos pacientes com MP, a FM tipo index minusfoi mais prevalente pelo MLT (62,5%) e o tipo zero pluspelo MA (71,4%). CONCLUSÃO: Foi observado que a prevalência da FM depende do método de mensuração. Em ambos os grupos houve predomínio do encurtamento do primeiro metatarso. Não houve concordância intra e interobservadores em nenhum dos métodos propostos.

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were (i) to ascertain the prevalence of different types of metatarsal formula among patients with primary metatarsalgia; (ii) to compare the variable of "shortening of the first metatarsal in relation to the second" (I/II) between the metatarsalgia and control groups; and (iii) to analyze the intra and interobserver concordance by means of Morton's transverse line method and Hardy and Clapham's arc method. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 56 patients by means of radiographs on their 112 ft, of which 56 were in the metatarsalgia group and 56 in the control group. The evaluations were done between December 2012 and June 2013. The measurements were made by three third-year orthopedics residents with prior training in the methods used, and a template was used. RESULTS: There was no concordance between the two methods, as shown by Bland-Altman plots, although the intraclass correlation coefficients showed that the intra and interobserver reproducibility was high using the transverse line method (0.78 and 0.85) and moderate using the arc method (0.73 and 0.60). Comparison between the groups showed that there was a statistical difference ( p≤ 0.05) such that there was greater shortening of the first metatarsal (3.39 mm) in the control group than in the metatarsalgia group (2.14 mm). In the patients with primary metatarsalgia, the index minusmetatarsal formula was more prevalent according to the transverse line method (62.5%) and the zero plustype according to the arc method (71.4%). CONCLUSION: In the present study, it was observed that the metatarsal formula prevalences depended on the measurement method. In both groups, shortening of the first metatarsal predominated. There was no intra or interobserver concordance in either of the two proposed methods.

Com o envelhecimento, ocorre um decréscimo da autonomia funcional dos indivíduos, predispondo-os a quedas, sendo o exercício uma ferramenta para atenuar tais efeitos e melhorar a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os efeitos de diferentes programas de exercícios físicos sobre medidas antropométricas (MA) e autonomia funcional (AF) de idosas com risco de fratura. Quarenta idosas (com risco de fraturas) foram submetidas a 35 sessões (1h, 2 vezes/semana) de treinos de musculação (GM, n= 13), ou ginástica funcional (GF, n= 12) ou ginástica aeróbica (GA, n= 15). Foram avaliadas as MA e a AF antes e após os treinamentos. Não foram observadas melhoras nas MA após 35 sessões nos três grupos. Já a AF apresentou melhoras nos testes de levantar da posição sentada (p<0,001; Δ%=-15; magnitude do efeito=-0,76), levantar da posição em decúbito ventral (p<0,001; Δ%=-20; ME=-0,62) e no índice geral (p<0,001; Δ%=-10; magnitude do efeito=-0,68) no GM. No teste de caminhar 10m houve interação entre tempo x treino (p= 0,048), demonstrando maior magnitude do efeito no GM (Δ%=-6,0; magnitude do efeito=-0,50). Conclui-se que a musculação é mais eficiente na melhora da AF, quando comparada a ginástica funcional e aeróbica em idosas com risco de fraturas.

Functional autonomy can decrease with aging, predisposing the individuals to falls, exercise being a tool to mitigate these effects and improve the quality of life of these individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different exercise programs on anthropometric measurements (AM) and functional autonomy (FA) in elderly women with fracture risk. Forty women (with fracture risk) underwent 35 sessions (1 hour, 2 times/week) strength training group (STG, n= 13) or functional group (FG, n= 12) or aerobics group (AG, n= 15). We have measured the AM and FA before and after training. No improvements in AM after 35 sessions were observed in the three groups. Since the FA showed improvement standing from a sitting position (p<0.001, Δ%=-15, effect size= -0.76), up from prone position (p<0.001, Δ%=-20, effect size=0.62) and general index (p<0.001, Δ=-10%, effect size=-0.68)] in STG. In walking 10m test was interaction between time x training (p=0.048), showing a greater effect size on STG (Δ%=-6,0, effect size=-0.50). We conclude that strength training is more effective in improving the FA when compared to functional and aerobics in elderly women with fracture risk.

Objetivo estimar o tempo de decisão (TD) para a procura de atendimento medico e o tempo de chegada a um serviço de saúde (TC) para homens (H) e mulheres (M) que sofreram infarto do miocárdio e analisar a influência da interpretação da dor e de comportamentos de resistência à dor nesse tempo. Métodos trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, realizada em hospital universitário de Salvador/BA. Foram entrevistados 43 M e 54 H. Para estudar a dependência entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e os sexos, empregou-se o Teste Exato de Fisher. Para analisar os tempos, utilizou-se a média geométrica (MG). Para verificar a associação entre a MG dos TD e TC e o julgamento da dor e entre a MG dos TD e TC e os comportamentos de resistência à dor, bem como para testar o termo de interação entre a variável sexo e as variáveis de interesses, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão robusto. A significância estatística adotada foi de 5%. Resultados a MG do TD para H foi de 1,13 h; para M, de 0,74 h. A MG do TC foi de 1,74 h para H e de 1,47 h para M. Aqueles que não reconheceram os sintomas do IAM e apresentaram comportamentos de resistência à dor apresentaram maior TD e TC, sendo as associações significantes. Os sexos não modificaram as associações de interesse. Conclusão os achados assinalam a importância da educação em saúde visando aos benefícios do tratamento precoce.

Objective To estimate the time of decision (TD) to look for medical care and the time of arrival (TA) at the health service for men (M) and women (W) suffering from acute myocardial infarction and to analyze the influence of the interpretation of pain and pain resistance behaviors during these times. Methods This is an exploratory research, performed at the university hospital in Salvador/Bahia. 43 W and 54 M were interviewed. To study the dependence among sociodemographic and gender variables, the Fisher Exact Test was used. To analyze times, a geometric mean (GM) was used. In order to verify the association between the GM of TD and TA and the judgment of pain, and between the GM of TD and TA and the behavior of resistance to pain, as well as to test the time of interaction between the gender variable and other variables of interest, the robust regression model was used. The statistical significance adopted was 5%. Results The GM of the TD for M was 1.13 h; for W, 0.74 h. The GM of the TA was 1.74 h for M and 1.47 h for W. Those who did not recognize the symptoms of AMI and presented behavior of resistance to pain had higher TD and TA, being the associations significant. Gender did not change the associations of interest. Conclusion The findings demonstrate the importance of health education aiming at the benefits of early treatment.

Glândulas vesiculares são essenciais para a reprodução, pois suas secreções afetam a função espermática. Cobaias (Cavia porcellus) são um excelente modelo experimental para estudo destas glândulas, contudo não existem dados morfológicos e morfométricos durante seu desenvolvimento. Neste estudo a morfologia (projeções das pregas (PP) e altura das células epiteliais (AE) da túnica mucosa) e a morfometria (massa (MG), volume (VG), comprimento (CG), largura das porções cranial (LCR), média (LM) e caudal (LCA)) das glândulas vesiculares foram determinadas em cobaios (N= 25) com uma (S1), três (S3), cinco (S5), oito (S8) e onze (S11) semanas de idade (N=5/grupo de idade). Em adição massa (MC), comprimento (CC) e altura (AC) corporais e o índice organo-somático (IOS) foram também determinados e o coeficiente de correlação (r) estabelecido entre as variáveis. As glândulas restringiam-se a cavidade pélvica e tinham seu interior repleto de uma massa semi-sólida e, após a S8, ocuparam também a cavidade abdominal e tiveram o conteúdo aumentado significativamente. A túnica mucosa era pregueada e forrada de um epitélio simples colunar. MC, CC e AC aumentaram continuamente com a idade. MG, VG, CG e LCA não se alteraram da S1 a S5 e aumentaram na S8; enquanto que MF, VG e LCA também aumentaram na S11. IOS e PP aumentaram na S8 e S11 e AE na S5, S8 e S11. Houve (r) significativo entre a idade, Bc e MFg,; IOS e MG na S8 e S11; idade e PP; idade e AE e entre PP e AE. Em conclusão, as glândulas vesiculares de cobaios seguiram o padrão morfológico observado em ratos e hamsters, mas diferiram em alguns aspectos de outros histricomorfos, podendo ser utilizadas como modelo experimental e seu desenvolvimento morfológico e morfométrico podem ser divididos em três fases: da S1 a S5, quando são discretos; da S6 a S8 de idade, quando são acentuados de maneira geral e após a S8, quando há incremento intenso da capacidade secretória.

Vesicular glands are essential for reproduction since their secretions affect sperm function. Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are an excellent experimental model for studying vesicular glands, but no morphologic and morphometric data during its development are available. In the present study, the morphology (projections of the folds (PF) and epithelial tissue high (EH) of the mucosa) and the morphometry (mass (GM), volume (GV), length (GC), width of the portions cranial (CRW), medium (MW) and caudal (CAW)) of the vesicular glands were determined at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 11-weeks of age in male guinea pigs (n = 5/age group). In addition, body mass (BM), body length (BL) and height (BH) and organo-somatic index (OSI) were also determined and the simple correlation coefficient (r) was established between the variables. The glands were restricted to the pelvic cavity, and had its interior filled with a semi-solid mass and, after S8, they occupied also the abdominal cavity and the contents were increased significantly. The mucous membrane presented variable folding and simple columnar epithelium. BM, BL and BH increased continuously with age. GM, GV, GC and CAW did not change from 1 to 5-weeks of age, but increased at 8-weeks of age; GM, GV and LCA also increased at 11-weeks of age. OSI and PF increased at 8 and 11-weeks of age and EH at 5, 8 and 11-weeks of age. There was significant (r) between age, body and glandular parameters; OSI and GM at 8 and 11-weeks of age; age and PF, age and EH and between PF and EH. In conclusion, the guinea pigs vesicular glands followed morphology observed in rats and hamsters, but differed in some aspects from others histricomorfs, can be used as experimental model and its morphological and morphometric development can be divided into three phases: 1 to 5-weeks of age, when they are discrete; 6 to 8-weeks of age when they are generally sharp and >8-weeks of age, when there is an intense increase of the secretory capacity.