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Adultrap® trap optimized for collecting vector mosquito eggs, larvae and adults
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Arduino, M.B.

; Santos, G.V.

; Rangel, O.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jul 2023, Volume 75 N. 4 Pages 633 - 643

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The productivity of the Adultrap® trap was compared to that of modified adultrap traps. Two structural changes were tested, a cover was placed at the entrance of the trap at two different heights. A comparison was also made with traps containing hydrogel to replace the water in the reservoir. The positivity rates of all the trap types were calculated and compared. The hydrogel models were more productive because they collected eggs, larvae, and adults. The trap that removed the protective screen and replaced the water with the hydrogel was 18.5 times larger than the original trap (p = 0.001). There was an increase in the productivity for the total collection of mosquitoes. The collection of eggs, larvae, and adults can contribute to the construction of more robust infestation indices. In addition, it allows for the collection of live specimens and the development of studies.

RESUMO Comparou-se a produtividade da armadilha Adultrap® com armadilhas Adultrap modificadas. Foram testadas duas mudanças estruturais e foi colocada uma tampa na entrada da armadilha em duas alturas diferentes. Também foi feita uma comparação entre armadilhas contendo água no reservatório e armadilhas contendo hidrogel em substituição à água do reservatório. As taxas de positividade de todos os tipos de armadilha foram calculadas e comparadas. Os modelos com hidrogel foram mais produtivos porque coletaram ovos, larvas e adultos. A armadilha que retirou a tela de proteção e substituiu a água pelo hidrogel, foi 18,5 vezes maior que a armadilha original (P=0,001). Houve aumento na produtividade para a coleta total de mosquitos. A coleta de ovos, larvas e adultos pode contribuir para a construção de índices de infestação mais robustos, além de permitir a coleta de espécimes vivos e o desenvolvimento de estudos.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12843

Vacunación universal contra el virus de la influenza: consenso de expertos en México
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Ruiz-Palacios y Santos, Guillermo M.

; Betancourt-Cravioto, Miguel

; Espinosa-Rosales, Francisco J.

; Rivas-Ruiz, Rodolfo

; Guerrero-Almeida, Martha C.

; Guerrero-Almeida, María de Lourdes

; Hernández-Porras, Marte

; Macías-Hernández, Alejandro E.

; Macías-Parra, Mercedes

; Moreno-Espinosa, Sarbelio

; Bano-Zaidi, Mussaret

; Noyola, Daniel E.

; Ramos-Castañeda, José

; Reyes-Paredes, Norberto

; Rodríguez-Suárez, Romeo S.

; Solórzano-Santos, Fortino

; Vargas-Ramírez, Heladio G.V.

Gaceta médica de México

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dec 2021, Volume 157 N. 6 Pages 651 - 656

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Influenza is a costly disease for the population. It is a cause of seasonal morbidity and mortality, epidemics and pandemics or syndemics. Given the variability of the virus, surveillance systems are implemented in order to update the strains and include them in the annual influenza vaccine. This vaccine is currently recommended in some high-risk groups. However, universal vaccination remains controversial. Objective: To evaluate the evidence and describe the position of a panel of experts on the relevance of universal vaccination against influenza virus. Material and methods: Five clinical questions were asked, whereby a systematic search of the literature in electronic sources and a Delphi panel was carried out. The evidence was analyzed and recommendations were issued by the experts. Results: The group of experts recommends vaccinating the population starting at six months of age include people who live with egg protein allergy; with comorbidities (diabetes, obesity, cancer) health workers and pregnant women. Conclusions: Vaccination, starting with vulnerable groups, is a necessary, ethical and cost-effective strategy. However, extending coverage to achieve universal vaccination could reduce the transmission of the disease and its consequences in the population.

Resumen La influenza es una enfermedad costosa para la población. Es causa de morbimortalidad estacional, epidemias y pandemias o sindemias. Debido a la variabilidad del virus, se implementan sistemas de vigilancia para actualizar las cepas e incluirlas en la vacuna antiinfluenza anual. Actualmente se recomienda esta vacuna en algunos grupos de alto riesgo. Sin embargo, la vacunación universal es aún controvertida. Objetivo: Evaluar la evidencia y describir la posición de un panel de expertos sobre la pertinencia de la vacunación universal contra el virus de influenza. Material y métodos: Se realizaron cinco preguntas clínicas, con las que se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en fuentes electrónicas y un panel Delphi. Se analizó la evidencia y se emitieron recomendaciones por los expertos. Resultados: El grupo de expertos recomienda vacunar a la población desde los seis meses de edad e incluir a personas que viven con alergia a la proteína del huevo, con comorbilidades (diabetes, obesidad, cáncer), trabajadores de la salud y embarazadas. Conclusiones: La vacunación, iniciando con los grupos vulnerables, es una estrategia necesaria, ética y costo-efectiva. Sin embargo, extender la cobertura para lograr la vacunación universal podría disminuir la transmisión de la enfermedad y sus consecuencias en la población.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.21000378 127 downloads

Hanseniasis in the municipality of Western Amazon (Acre, Brazil): are we far from the goal of the World Health Organization?
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Araújo, Francisco A.

; Abreu, Luiz C.

; Laporta, Gabriel Z.

; Santos, Vinicius S.

; Moreira, Jose G.V.

; Grumach, Anete S.

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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2021, Volume 25 N. 1 elocation 101042

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Hanseniasis is a public health concern in developing countries. Although a decrease in the number of new cases in Brazil has been reported, there is a prevalence above that recommended in some regions. Aims: Considering the goal of the World Health Organization (WHO) to accelerate towards a leprosy-free world from 2020, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological profile and leprosy trends in the city of Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil. Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed the epidemiology and trends of hanseniasis between 2005 and 2018, monitoring socioeconomic and clinical epidemiological variables obtained from the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of Hanseniasis (SINAN) database. Results: A total of 422 cases of hanseniasis (284 male, 138 female) were included. The questionnaire of six patients was incomplete. The highest number of cases (89) was recorded in 2006 (11.7/10,000 inhabitants). The borderline clinical form was most common, with 45.4% of cases. Throughout the historical series, the rate of annual percentage change in the detection of new cases and cases with grade 2 disability showed a decreasing profile, at −13.9 [95% CI: −19.1, −8.2] and −13.1 [95% CI: −21.8, −5.5], respectively. The same rates were observed in patients below 15 years of age. Limitations: This study reflects the scenario in one reference center and data were obtained retrospectively. Conclusions: The incidence of hanseniasis in this reference center is declining gradually; however, the indicators show active disease transmission and late diagnosis.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2020.11.007 157 downloads

Correção de medida ultrassonográfica de carcaça em coelhos usando modelo linear misto com covariáveis
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Santos, N.P.S.

; Guerra, L.O.

; Biagiotti, D.

; Santos, G.V.

; Sousa, D.C.

; Santos, D.C.E.

; Sousa, C.A.

; Sarmento, J.L.R.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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apr 2019, Volume 71 N. 2 Pages 473 - 480

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a correção da medida ultrassonográfica da área do músculo Longissimus dorsi, em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, pela análise de covariância usando modelos mistos. Foram realizadas análises em delineamento em blocos completos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (operadores) e seis blocos (animais), considerando na análise: a inexistência de covariáveis; a covariável comprimento de olho de lombo; a covariável profundidade de olho de lombo; e as duas covariáveis juntas. Como os animais são uma amostra aleatória, o efeito de bloco foi considerado como aleatório. Consideraram-se as covariáveis como medidas com efeito fixo sem erro, independentemente do tratamento e do comportamento linear. As estatísticas de critério de decisão CV%, R ² e R ¯ ² evidenciaram relação direta entre si e podem ser consideradas para avaliar a precisão experimental em ensaios com avaliação de carcaças. Os valores das estatísticas AIC, BIC e AICC apresentam coerência com a interpretação dos critérios de decisão e indicam que o modelo com duas covariáveis proporciona resultados acurados. A inclusão das covariáveis complementa o controle de local com melhoria na precisão do experimento. A utilização das medidas ultrassonográficas de profundidade e comprimento corrige a média da área do músculo Longissimus dorsi avaliado por diferentes operadores.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the correction ultrasonographic measurement of area the Longissimus dorsi muscle in New Zealand rabbits by covariance analysis using mixed linear models. The analyzes were performed in randomized block design with 5 treatments (operators) and 6 blocks (animals), considering in the analysis: absence of covariates; rib eye length as covariate; rib eye depth as covariate; the two covariates together. As the animals are a random sample, the block effect was considered to be random. The covariates were considered as measures of fixed effect without error, independent of treatment and linear comportment. The decision criterion statistics CV%, R², and R ¯ ²showed a direct relationship between them and can be taken into consideration to evaluate the experimental accuracy in tests with carcass evaluation. The AIC, BIC, and AICC statistics are consistent with the interpretation of the decision criteria and indicate that the two covariates in model provides accurate results. The inclusion of covariates complements the local control to improve the accuracy of the experiment. The use of ultrasound measurements of depth and length corrects the mean area of the Longissimus dorsi muscle evaluated by different operators.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10416 1075 downloads

Phylogenetic analysis, biofilm production, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from slaughtered pigs
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Santos, A.S.

; Lima, D.C.V.

; Fernandes, E.F.T.S.

; Albuquerque, P.P.F.

; Gouveia, G.V.

; Sá, M.C.A.

; Costa, M.M.

; Pinheiro Júnior, J.W.

; Mota, R.A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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aug 2018, Volume 70 N. 4 Pages 1309 - 1315

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Doenças entéricas de origem bacteriana são frequentes na indústria de suínos, destacando-se a colibacilose, que afeta principalmente leitões e causa grandes danos à indústria suína em todo o mundo. Cento e vinte e seis cepas de Escherichia coli foram isoladas de swabs obtidos de fragmentos de intestino delgado de 235 suínos saudáveis abatidos em matadouros de Pernambuco (Brasil). O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar filogeneticamente essas cepas, bem como detectar a produção de biofilme e determinar o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana delas, utilizando-se a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), o teste de adesão em microplacas e a técnica de disco-difusão. 88,10% (111/126) das amostras foram classificadas no grupo filogenético B1; 4,76% (6/126) no grupo D; 3,97% (5/126) no grupo B2; e 3,17% (4/126) no grupo A. As taxas de resistência antimicrobiana observadas foram: lincomicina 100% (126/126), eritromicina 100% (126/126), clortetraciclina 94,44% (119/126), cefalotina 51,59% (65/126), ampicilina 38,89% (49/126), sulfametoxazol + trimetoprima 37,3% (47/126), ciprofloxacina 19,84% (25/126), norfloxacina 14,29% (18/126), gentamicina 8,73% (11/126) e cloranfenicol 5,55% (7/126). O índice de resistência múltipla (IRMA) variou de 0,2 a 0,9. Entre as amostras, 46,03% (58/126) produziram biofilme e 99,21% (125/126) foram multirresistentes. São necessários mais estudos para elucidar a importância de cada grupo filogenético em suínos e evitar a propagação de estirpes de E. coli multirresistentes.

ABSTRACT Enteric diseases of bacterial origin are frequent in the pig industry, of particular notoriety are the colibacillosis that mainly affect piglets and cause great damage to the swine industry worldwide. The aim of the study was to analyze phylogenetics, to detect biofilm production, and to determine antimicrobial resistance profile in 126 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from swabs obtained from fragments of the small intestines of 235 healthy pigs killed in slaughterhouses in Pernambuco (Brazil) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), adherence to microplates test and disc diffusion technique. Of the analyzed samples, 88.10% (111/126) were classified in phylogenetic group B1; 4.76% (6/126) in group D; 3.97% (5/126) in group B2 and, 3.17% (4/126) in group A. Antimicrobial resistance rates observed were: lincomycin 100% (126/126), erythromycin 100% (126/126), chlortetracycline 94.44% (119/126), cephalothin 51.59% (65/126), ampicillin 38.89% (49/126), sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim 37.3% (47/126), ciprofloxacin 19.84% (25/126), norfloxacin 14.29% (18/126), gentamicin 8.73% (11/126) and, chloramphenicol 5.55% (7/126). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) ranged from 0.2 to 0.9. Of the strains tested 46.03% (58/126) produced biofilm, and 99.21% (125/126) of the strains exhibited multi-resistance. Further studies are required to elucidate the importance of each phylogenetic group in pigs and to prevent the propagation of multi-resistant E. coli strains.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9926 1203 downloads

Efficacy of oral doramectin as treatment for Psoroptes ovis and Leporacarus gibbus in naturally infested rabbits
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Santos, Rosângela R. dos

; Coelho, Cristiane N.

; Nunes, Tiago A.P.

; Batista, Lilian Cristina de S.O.

; Correia, Thaís R.

; Scott, Fabio B.

; Laguna, Anaís G.V.

; Fernandes, Julio I.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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jan 2017, Volume 37 N. 1 Pages 47 - 51

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da doramectina administrada por via oral no controle de Psoroptes ovis e Leporacarus gibbus em coelhos naturalmente infestados. Foram selecionados 16 coelhos adultos, distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais, compondo oito animais por grupo. O grupo tratado foi medicado com 200μg/kg de doramectina por via oral, enquanto que no grupo controle foi administrado o mesmo volume de solução salina. O diagnóstico dos ácaros foi realizado com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico. Foram coletados pelos das regiões do pescoço dorsal, lombar direita, lombar esquerda, cauda ventral e abdômen ventral para avaliação de L. gibbus e para P. ovis foi coletado cerúmen das orelhas com auxílio de zaragatoas. A avaliação da eficácia e a avaliação clínica das lesões, mensuradas em escores (grau 0 a 4), foi realizada nos dias 0, +3, +7, +14, +21, +28 e +35, após o tratamento. Foi observada eficácia de 75% e 87,5% no controle de L. gibbus nos dias +3 e +7 após o tratamento, sendo observada eficácia de 100% nos dias +14, + 21, +28 e +35. Foi observada eficácia de 100% no controle de P. ovis a partir do dia +7, permanecendo até o final do período observacional. O escore das lesões clínicas no grupo controle permaneceu de forma inalterada, exceto em um animal que piorou ao longo dos dias experimentais, enquanto nos animais do grupo tratado regrediu a partir do dia +3 e já no dia +21 após o tratamento, os animais apresentavam-se sem sinais da infestação por P. ovis. Nenhum animal do grupo tratado apresentou quaisquer efeitos colaterais secundários causados pela doramectina, que se mostrou uma ótima alternativa para o controle dos ácaros em coelhos naturalmente parasitados.

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the efficacy of a single oral dose of doramectin in the control of Psoroptes ovis and Leporacarus gibbus in naturally infested rabbits. Sixteen adult rabbits were selected and distributed in two experimental groups. The treated group received 200 μg/Kg of oral doramectin and the control group received the same volume of saline solution. The diagnosis of the mites was made with a stereoscopic microscope. Hairs from the dorsal part of the neck, lumbar right, lumbar left, ventral side of the tail and ventral abdomen were evaluated for L. gibbus, and ear wax evaluated for P. ovis. The evaluation of the efficiency and the clinical assessment of the lesions was made in days 0, +3, +7, +14, +21, +28, and +35 after treatment. An efficacy of 75% and 87,5% was observed for L. gibbus in days +3 and +7 after treatment, an efficacy of 100% was observed in days +14, + 21, +28 e +35. An efficacy of 100% for the control of P. ovis was observed following day +7. The clinical lesion score of the control group remained unaltered, except for one animal which conditions worsened during experimentation. In the treated group animals, regression of the lesions was observed following day +3, and on day +21 no signal of infestation by P. ovis was present. None of the animals from the treated group presented secondary collateral effects caused by the doramectin, which proved itself as an optimal alternative for mite control in naturally infested rabbits.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000100008 1372 downloads

Endoparasites of wild animals from three biomes in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Ramos, D.G.S.

; Santos, A.R.G.L.O.

; Freitas, L.C.

; Correa, S.H.R.

; Kempe, G.V.

; Morgado, T.O.

; Aguiar, D.M.

; Wolf, R.W.

; Rossi, R.V.

; Sinkoc, A.L.

; Pacheco, R.C.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jun 2016, Volume 68 N. 3 Pages 571 - 578

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Populações de animais selvagens são reguladas por diversos fatores bióticos e abióticos, e parasitas são um fator biótico que afetam a dinâmica e a densidade de populações. De 2002 até 2014, 62 animais silvestres provenientes dos biomas Pantanal, Amazônia e Cerrado, que vieram a óbito no atendimento do hospital veterinário ou foram encontrados atropelados em rodovias, foram submetidos à necropsia parasitológica. Ao todo 36 espécies de parasitas foram identificadas em 24 espécies de hospedeiros. Entre os parasitas, a ordem mais prevalente foi Oxyurida (29,1%), seguida por Strongylida (20,9%), Spirurida (19,4%), Ascaridida (16,2%), Pentastomida (3,2%), Echinostomida (3,2%), Gygantorhynchia (3,2%), Rhabditida (1,6%), Plagiorchiida (1,6%) e Monilimorfida (1,6%), destacando-se os nematódeos, por seu maior potencial biótico e facilidade de adaptação ao meio do que as demais classes. A maior ocorrência de endoparasitas foi observada em animais endotérmicos que ectotérmicos, e este estudo registra onze novas ocorrências de hospedeiros para endoparasitas de animais selvagens. O estudo contribui para o conhecimento da biodiversidade de parasitas em animais silvestres dos três biomas do Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

ABSTRACT The population of wild animals is regulated by many biotic and abiotic factors, and parasites are a biotic factor that affects the dynamic and density of host populations. From 2002 to 2014, 62 wild animals from the biomes Pantanal, Amazon, and "Cerrado" (or Savanna), which died in attendance in the veterinary hospital or have been road-killed, underwent necropsy for parasitological examination. Overall, 36 species of parasites were identified from 24 host species. Among the parasites, the most prevalent order was Oxyurida (29.1%), followed by Strongylida (20.9%), Spirurida (19.4%), Ascaridida (16.2%), Pentastomida (3.2%), Echinostomida (3.2%), Gygantorhynchia (3.2%), Rhabditida (1.6%), Plagiorchiida (1.6%), and Monilimorfida (1.6%), especially nematodes, which have more biotic potential and is more easily adapted to the environment than other classes. The occurrence of endoparasites was observed more frequently in endothermic than ectothermic animals, and herein is reported eleven new host occurrences for endoparasites in wild animals. The study has contributed to the knowledge on the biodiversity of parasites in wild animals from three biomes in central-western Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8157 2749 downloads

Reproductive aspects of the oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae), in the equatorial and southwestern Atlantic Ocean
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Tambourgi, Mirna Regina dos Santos

; Hazin, Fábio H.V.

; Oliveira, Paulo G.V.

; Coelho, Rui

; Burgess, George

; Roque, Pollyana C. G.

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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jun 2013, Volume 61 N. 2 Pages 161 - 168

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a biologia reprodutiva do tubarão galha-branca, Carcharhinus longimanus, para assim ampliar as informações sobre a espécie. A área de estudo compreendeu o Atlântico Sudoeste e Equatorial e foram utilizados 234 espécimes coletados entre dezembro de 2003 e dezembro de 2010. Estes foram obtidos por redes de pesca comercial de atum e peixe-espada e vários tubarões, incluindo o tubarão galha-branca, são capturados nesta pescaria de forma acidental. Esses espinhéis operam no Atlântico Sudoeste e Equatorial entre as latitudes 10N e 35S, e longitudes 3E e 40W. Entre os 234 indivíduos capturados, 118 foram fêmeas (81 a 227cm de comprimento total, CT) e 116 foram machos (80 a 242 cm CT). Os estados de maturação das fêmeas foram categorizados como: imaturas, maduras, pré-ovulatórias e grávidas. Os machos foram divididos em: imaturos, em maturação e maduros. O tamanho da primeira maturação para as fêmeas foi estimado em 170 cm de CT, enquanto que o tamanho de maturação sexual dos machos variou entre 170 e 190 cm de CT. A fecundidade ovariana oscilou entre um e 10 folículos, enquanto que a fecundidade do útero oscilou entre um e 10 embriões. Os dados indicam que o ciclo reprodutivo é provavelmente bianual, com o nascimento ocorrendo uma vez a cada dois anos.

The present study sought to study the reproductive biology of the oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus, in the equatorial and southwestern Atlantic Ocean. A total of 234 specimens were collected as bycatch during pelagic longline fisheries targeting tunas and swordfish, between December 2003 and December 2010. The fishing area was located between latitudes 10N and 35S and longitudes 3E and 40W. Of the 234 individuals sampled, 118 were females (with sizes ranging from 81 to 227 cm TL, total length) and 116 males (ranging from 80 to 242 cm TL). The reproductive stages of the females were classed as immature, mature, preovulatory and pregnant, while males were divided into immature, maturing and mature. The size at maturity for females was estimated at 170.0 cm TL, while that for males was between 170.0 and 190.0 cm TL. Ovarian fecundity ranged from 1 to 10 follicles and uterine fecundity from 1 to 10 embryos. The reproductive cycle of this species is most likely biennial, with parturition occurring once every two years.

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Oocyte aspiration and in vitro embryo production in Jersey cows with selenium-supplemented diet
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Moraes, G.V.

; Azevedo, J.R.

; Carneiro, T.C.

; Cavalieri, F.L.B.

; Mataveli, M.

; Rossi, R.M.

; Santos, T.C.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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aug 2012, Volume 64 N. 4 Pages 787 - 795

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Avaliou-se o efeito do selênio (Se) adicional na dieta de vacas Jersey na aspiração de oócitos e produção de embriões in vitro. Dez vacas Jerseys receberam 3,2mg de Se por dia ou 9,6mg, vinculado ao concentrado. Realizaram-se seis aspirações foliculares, com intervalo médio de 15 dias, aproveitando as cinco últimas. Os oócitos foram classificados e realizaram-se os procedimentos padrões de maturação, fertilização e cultivo in vitro. O total de oócitos, 35,11±2,65 vs 23,10±2,16, e oócitos de qualidade 1, 11,61±1,58 vs 4,75±0,97, foram mais elevados no grupo que recebeu 9,6mg de Se e a quantidade de oócitos desnudos mais baixa, 3,21±0,87 vs 6,22±1,18. A produção de embriões foi maior no grupo tratado com 9,6mg de Se/vaca/dia, 21,98±2,37 vs 13,12±1,59. Não se observou diferença na concentração de Se no soro entre os dois grupos. Conclui-se que é possível recomendar o fornecimento de 100g de sal mineral, contendo 9,6mg de Se, adicionado à dieta, pois resultou em maior produção de oócitos, maior quantidade de oócitos de grau 1 e maior produção de embriões no processo de fecundação in vitro.

The effects of selenium (Se) in Jersey cows' diet on the aspiration of oocytes and production of embryos in vitro were studied. Groups with five Jersey cows received 3.2mg or 9.6mg Se daily, provided in the feed concentrate. Six follicular aspirations were carried out every 15 days, using only the last 5. The oocytes were classified, and standard procedures were carried out for maturation, fertilization and cultivation. The total number of oocytes (35.11±2.65 vs 23.10±2.16) and degree 1 oocytes (11.61±2.65 vs 4.75±0.97) were higher in the group that received 9.6mg Se and the quantity of naked oocytes (3.23±0.87 vs 6.22±1.18) was lower in this group. The aspirated oocytes from the cows treated with 9.6mg Se/day resulted in higher (P<0.05) embryo production 21.98±2.37 vs 13.12±1.59). No difference was observed in serum Se concentration between the two groups. It is recommended that the daily diet be supplemented with 100g mineral salt containing 9.6mg Se, since this rate rendered a larger production of oocytes, higher quantity of degree 1 oocytes and greater production of embryos in the process of in vitro fertilization.

2885 downloads

10.

Comparison of different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from reef corals
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Santos, H.F.

; Carmo, F.L.

; Leite, D.C.A.

; Jesus, H.E.

; De Carvalho Maalouf, P.

; Almeida, C.

; Soriano, A.U.

; Altomari, D.

; Suhett, L.

; Vólaro, V.

; Valoni, E.

; Francisco, M.

; Vieira, J.

; Rocha, R.

; Sardinha, B.L.

; Mendes, L.B.

; João, R.R.

; Lacava, B.

; Jesus, R.F.

; Sebastian, G.V.

; Pessoa, A.

; van Elsas, J.D.

; Rezende, R.P.

; Pires, D.O.

; Duarte, G.

; Castro, C.B.

; Rosado, A.S.

; Peixoto, R.S.

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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jun 2012, Volume 43 N. 2 Pages 517 - 527

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This study aimed to test different protocols for the extraction of microbial DNA from the coral Mussismilia harttii. Four different commercial kits were tested, three of them based on methods for DNA extraction from soil (FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil, MP Bio, PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio, and ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit, Zymo Research) and one kit for DNA extraction from plants (UltraClean Plant DNA Isolation Kit, MoBio). Five polyps of the same colony of M. harttii were macerated and aliquots were submitted to DNA extraction by the different kits. After extraction, the DNA was quantified and PCR-DGGE was used to study the molecular fingerprint of Bacteria and Eukarya. Among the four kits tested, the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit was the most efficient with respect to the amount of DNA extracted, yielding about three times more DNA than the other kits. Also, we observed a higher number and intensities of DGGE bands for both Bacteria and Eukarya with the same kit. Considering these results, we suggested that the ZR Soil Microbe DNA Kit is the best adapted for the study of the microbial communities of corals.

24569 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

11.

Níveis crescentes de parede de levedura sobre a resposta imune celular e perfil hematológico de frangos de corte
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Ferreira, Suelen Regina

; Murakami, Alice E.

; Siqueira, Thais G.V.

; Santos, José Mauricio G. dos

; Potença, Alexandra

; Santos, Tatiana Carlesso dos

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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sep 2009, Volume 29 N. 9 Pages 725 - 730

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Um experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de parede de levedura e idade das matrizes reprodutoras sobre o peso dos órgãos linfóides, a resposta imune celular e o perfil hematológico de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 3.360 pintos de corte da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualisado, em esquema fatorial 2x5, mais dois controles, sendo duas idades de matrizes (34 e 57 semanas de idade) e cinco níveis de suplementação de parede de levedura (zero, um, dois, três e quatro kg de parede de levedura/tonelada de ração). A idade das matrizes influenciou a resposta de todas as variáveis. A inclusão de 3kg de parede de levedura/tonelada de ração promoveu, na progênie de reprodutoras de 57 semanas, reação inflamatória mais intensa quando comparada a dieta controle, no entanto não houve aumento significativo no número de heterófilos e linfócitos circulantes. Conclui-se que a utilização da parede de levedura associada ao sorgo ou não em rações de frangos de corte ainda necessita de estudos complementares, que incluam, por exemplo, os componentes purificados da parede de levedura (MOS e ß-glucano).

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect increasing levels of yeast wall and broiler breeders' age levels on lymphoid organs weight, cellular immune response and hematological parameters in broilers. A total of 3,360 Cobb broilers were allotted, in a completely randomized design and a 2x5 factorial arrangement, and two controls, compound of two broiler breeders age (34 and 57 weeks of age) and five yeast wall levels (zero, one, two, three and four kg of yeast wall/ton of diet). Broiler breeders' age affected all studied variables. The inclusion of 3kg of yeast wall/ton of meal increased, at 57 weeks age broiler breeders, more intense inflammatory reaction when compared to control diet; however the circulated heterophils and lymphocytes numbers were not increased. In conclusion, the use of yeast wall, associated or not to sorghum on broilers diet still needs complementary studies, for example, purified components of yeast wall (MOS and ß-glucano).

2175 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

12.

Dinâmica populacional de plantas daninhas em cultivo de milho-verde nos sistemas orgânico e tradicional
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Vaz de Melo, A.

; Galvão, J.C.C.

; Ferreira, L.R.

; Miranda, G.V.

; Tuffi Santos, L.D.

; Santos, I.C.

; Souza, L.V.

Planta Daninha

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sep 2007, Volume 25 N. 3 Pages 521 - 527

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar a dinâmica populacional de plantas daninhas no cultivo de milho-verde nos sistemas orgânico e tradicional. Esta pesquisa foi realizada no ano agrícola 2003/2004, usando o sistema de semeadura direta na palha. Os tratamentos, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 2, constituíram-se de quatro doses e fontes de nutrientes: SA - sem adubação; AM1 - adubação mineral na dose de 150 kg ha-1 da fórmula 8-28-16 + 50 kg de N ha-1 em cobertura; AM2 - adubação mineral na dose de 300 kg ha-1 da fórmula 8-28-16 + 100 kg de N ha-1 em cobertura; e AO - adubação com composto orgânico na dose de 40 m³ ha-1 aplicado sobre a palha 10 dias após a semeadura, combinados com dois cultivares de milho (UFVM 100 e AG 1051). Para o estudo fitossociológico, as plantas daninhas foram avaliadas no estádio de quatro folhas completas das plantas do milho, antes da aplicação do herbicida em pós-emergência ou do primeiro corte das plantas daninhas com a ceifadora. As espécies Jaegeria hirta, Artemisia verlotorum, Bidens pilosa, Cyperus rotundus e Ipomoea grandifolia apresentaram as maiores freqüências na área. Bidens pilosa apresentou a maior importância relativa, independentemente dos sistemas de produção. As práticas culturais utilizadas no cultivo de milho-verde, sob sistema orgânico, foram eficientes no manejo das plantas daninhas quando da adoção de cobertura do solo com palha de aveia-preta.

This work aimed to study the weed population dynamics in green corn cultivation under the organic and traditional systems. This study was developed during the growing season of 2003/04 using the no-till system on straw. Treatments consisted of four doses and nutrient sources : SA - no fertilization; AM1 - mineral fertilization at 150 kg ha-1 of 8-28-16 + 50 kg of N ha-1 in cover; AM2 mineral fertilization at 300 kg ha-1 of 8-28-16 + 100 kg of N ha-1 in cover and AO - fertilization with organic content at 40 m³ ha-1 applied over straw at 10 days after planting), combined with two corn cultivars (UFVM 100-Nativo and AG 1051). For the phyto-sociological study, the weeds were evaluated when reaching the stage of four complete leaves, before post-emergence herbicide application and first weed cut. The species Jaegeria hirta, Artemisia verlotorum, Bidens pilosa, Cyperus rotundus and Ipomoea grandifolia were the most frequent in the area. Bidens pilosa showed higher relative importance, regardless of the green corn growth system. The management practices used for green corn cultivation under the organic system were efficient in weed management when soil cover with Avena strigosa straw was adopted.

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13.

Eficiência do 2,4-D aplicado isoladamente e em mistura com glyphosate no controle da trapoeraba
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Santos, I.C.

; Ferreira, F.A.

; Silva, A.A.

; Miranda, G.V.

; Santos, L.D.T.

Planta Daninha

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aug 2002, Volume 20 N. 2 Pages 299 - 309

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A trapoeraba (gênero Commelina) é planta daninha-problema em cafezais devido à sua capacidade de sobreviver nas mais diversas condições e tolerância ao herbicida glyphosate. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência do herbicida 2,4-D, em doses crescentes, aplicado isoladamente ou em mistura com o glyphosate, no controle de Commelina benghalensis e Commelina diffusa. Para isso, foi conduzido um experimento para cada espécie, em vasos, em casa de vegetação, no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Foram comparados dez tratamentos, que consistiram da combinação de cinco doses de 2,4-D (0; 167,5; 335; 670; e 1.005 g ha-1) e duas doses de glyphosate (0 e 720 g ha¹). Avaliou-se a eficácia dos tratamentos pela porcentagem de controle, avaliada em cinco épocas, em relação à testemunha. Em C. benghalensis, 2,4-D proporcionou controle excelente (>91%) aos 33 DAT (dias após tratamento) a partir de 167,5 g ha-1 na presença de glyphosate e a partir de 335 g ha-1 na ausência de glyphosate. Em C. diffusa, 2,4-D proporcionou controle excelente aos 33 DAT a partir de 670 g ha-1, tanto na presença quanto na ausência de glyphosate. No entanto, somente a mistura de 2,4-D + glyphosate a 1.005 + 720 g ha-1 provocou 100% de controle desta espécie, verificando-se rebrota das plantas nos outros tratamentos. Nas condições dos experimentos, C. benghalensis mostrou-se mais suscetível que C. diffusa ao herbicida 2,4-D aplicado isoladamente ou em mistura com o glyphosate. Portanto, a identificação da espécie de trapoeraba presente na área a ser tratada e o conhecimento de sua biologia auxiliam na escolha do melhor produto e da dose ideal a ser aplicada, ou mesmo na escolha da mistura adequada, garantindo menor custo e melhor controle, com menores riscos para a cultura e o meio ambiente.

The dayflower (genus Commelina) is a problem weed in coffee plantations due to its capacity to survive in diversified conditions and tolerance to glyphosate herbicide. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of increasing doses of 2,4-D herbicide, applied alone or in mixture with glyphosate, in controlling Commelina benghalensis and Commelina diffusa. Thus, two experiments (one for each species) were conducted in pots, in a randomized complete design, with five replications, under greenhouse conditions. Ten treatments consisting the combination between five 2,4-D rates (0.0, 167.5, 335.0, 670.0 and 1,005.0 g ha-1) and two glyphosate rates (0.0 and 720.0 g ha-1) were compared. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated through the percent of weed control, in five evaluation times, in relation to the control treatment (herbicide absence). In C. benghalensis, 2,4-D provided excellent control (> 91%) at 33 days after treatments (DAT), starting from 167.5 g ha-1 in the glyphosate presence and starting from 335 g ha-1 in glyphosate absence. In C. diffusa, 2,4-D provided excellent control at 33 DAT starting from 670 g ha-1 in the glyphosate presence and absence. However, only the mixture of 2,4-D + glyphosate at 1,005 + 720 g ha-1 provided 100% of control of that species, with the occurrence of plant growth in the other treatments. In the experimental conditions, C. benghalensis was more susceptible than C. diffusa to 2,4-D herbicide, applied alone or in mixture with glyphosate. Thus, identifiying dayflower species present in the area and understanding its biology can help to choose a better herbicide and the ideal rate to be applied, or even an adequate mixture, warranting better control and lower cost, with lower risks for the culture and the environment.

4583 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

14.

Production of biosurfactants from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA 1 isolated in oil environments
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Santa Anna, L.M.

; Sebastian, G.V.

; Menezes, E.P.

; Alves, T.L.M.

; Santos, A.S.

; Pereira Jr., N.

; Freire, D.M.G.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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apr 2002, Volume 19 N. 2 Pages 159 - 166

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The potential production of rhamnolipid-type biosurfactants is assessed based on the development of a fermentative process with a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA1, which was isolated from oil production wastewater in the Northeast of Brazil. These production of molecules using different carbon (n-hexadecane, paraffinic oil, glycerol and babassu oil) and nitrogen sources (NaNO3, (NH4)2SO4 and CH4N2O) was studied. The best results were obtained when using glycerol as substrate. A C/N ratio of 60/1 and use of sodium nitrate as nitrogen source resulted in higher production of the rhamnolipid, expressed by rhamnose (3.16 g/L) and by the yield in relation to biomass (Yp/x = 0.70 g/g). Additionally, physical-chemical characteristics of the spent broth with and without cells were studied, providing a low critical micelle concentration of 19 mg/L and toxicity values of 13 and 13.8 mg/L using two test organisms, the micro crustacean Daphnia similis and the bacterium Vibrio fisheri (Microtox), respectively.

9323 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

15.

Caracteres anatômicos de duas espécies de trapoeraba e a eficiência do glyphosate
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Santos, I.C.

; Meira, R.M.S.A.

; Ferreira, F.A.

; Santos, L.D.T.

; Miranda, G.V.

Planta Daninha

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apr 2002, Volume 20 N. 1 Pages 1 - 8

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O gênero Commelina engloba espécies de plantas daninhas de difícil controle em diversas culturas, principalmente onde o herbicida glyphosate tem sido utilizado com elevada freqüência. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar diferenças entre caracteres anatômicos de Commelina benghalensis e Commelina diffusa, submetidas a crescimento sob condições de sol e sombra, que pudessem influenciar a absorção e translocação deste herbicida. O complexo estomático das duas espécies é semelhante e a folha é anfiestomática. O número de estômatos na epiderme foliar foi maior em C. diffusa (38/mm²) em relação a C. benghalensis (33,66/mm²), na epiderme abaxial (54,86/mm²) em relação à adaxial (16,80/mm²) e sob sol (37,89/mm²) em relação a sombra (33,77/mm²). A epiderme abaxial apresentou maior número de estômatos sob sol. Pêlos secretores, do mesmo tipo, estão presentes nas duas espécies, mas em maior número em C. diffusa. Somente C. benghalensis apresentou pêlos tectores, que são de dois tipos: longos com extremidade afilada e curtos com extremidade curva; os pêlos longos concentram-se na epiderme abaxial e os pêlos curtos, na epiderme adaxial. Apesar de a presença de pêlos na epiderme foliar ser freqüentemente associada à maior absorção de herbicidas, acredita-se que o fator determinante da maior suscetibilidade de C. benghalensis ao glyphosate, em relação a C. diffusa, esteja relacionado à reserva de amido no caule. Enquanto C. benghalensis apresenta poucos e pequenos grãos de amido no parênquima medular, C. diffusa apresenta grandes e numerosos grãos de amido, o que, possivelmente, torna mais lenta a translocação simplástica de herbicidas, reduzindo a quantidade de herbicida acumulada nos pontos de crescimento e permitindo que ela rebrote mesmo após a perda total das folhas.

The genus Commelina includes weed species of difficult control in several crops, chiefly when the herbicide glyphosate is used repeatedly. This work was conducted to evaluate the differences between the anatomic features of Commelina benghalensis and Commelina diffusa, grown under sun and shade conditions, which could influence herbicide absorption and translocation. The stomatal apparatus of the two species is similar and the leaf is amphistomatic. C. diffusa has a greater number of stomata in relation to C. benghalensis. The number of stomatas in the leaf epiderm is greater in C. diffusa (38/mm²) than in C. benghalensis (33.66/mm²), in the abaxial (54.86/mm²) rather than in the adaxial epiderm (16.80/mm²) and under sun (37.89/mm²) rather than shade conditions (33.77/mm²). The abaxial epiderm has a greater number of stomata under sun conditions. Similar secretory hair is present in both species, but in greater number in C. diffusa. Only C. benghalensis presented tector hair: (i) long with slender extremity and (ii) short with curved extremity. Long hair is concentrated in the abaxial epiderm and short hair in the adaxial epiderm. Although the presence of hair in the leaf epiderm is frequently associated to greater herbicide absorption, it is believed that the determinant factor of greater susceptibility of C. benghalensis to glyphosate in comparison to C. diffusa could be related to the starch stock of the stem. While C. benghalensis presents fewer and smaller starch grains in the pith parenchyma, C. diffusa presents larger and numerous starch grains, which may make herbicide simplastic translocation slower, reducing the herbicide accumulated in the growth points, and allowing it to regrowth even after total leaves loss.

6320 downloads Cited 9 times in SciELO

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