Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of a ready-to-use bioceramic material, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), in comparison with White MTA (Angelus) and Biodentine (Septodont). The physicochemical properties of setting time, radiopacity, pH, solubility, dimensional and volumetric changes were evaluated. Biocompatibility and bioactivity were assessed in Saos-2 osteoblast cell cultures by the MTT assay 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Neutral Red (NR), Alizarin Red (ARS), and cell migration tests. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA, Tukey or Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Bio-C Repair had the longest setting time (p < 0.05), but radiopacity and solubility were accordance with the ISO 6876/2012 standards, besides linear expansion. Bio-C Repair and MTA had similar volumetric change (p > 0.05); lower than Biodentine (p < 0.05). All the materials evaluated had an alkaline pH. Bio-C Repair was cytocompatible and promoted mineralized nodule deposition in 21 days and cell migration in 3 days. In conclusion, Bio-C Repair had adequate radiopacity above 3mm Al, solubility less than 3%, dimensional expansion, and low volumetric change. In addition, Bio-C Repair promoted an alkaline pH and presented bioactivity and biocompatibility similar to MTA and Biodentine, showing potential for use as a repair material.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas, citotoxicidade e bioatividade de um novo material biocerâmico pronto para uso, Bio-C Repair (Angelus), em comparação com MTA Branco (Angelus) e Biodentine (Septodont). Foram avaliadas as propriedades físico-químicas de tempo de presa, radiopacidade, pH, solubilidade, alterações dimensionais e volumétricas. A biocompatibilidade, bioatividade e capacidade de reparo foram avaliadas em culturas de células de osteoblastos Saos-2 pelo ensaio MTT brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazólio), vermelho neutro (NR), vermelho de alizarina ( ARS) e testes de migração celular. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes ANOVA, Tukey ou Bonferroni (α = 0,05). Bio-C Repair apresentou o maior tempo de presa (p < 0,05), mas radiopacidade e solubilidade de acordo com as normas ISO 6876/2012, além de expansão linear. Bio-C Repair e MTA tiveram variação volumétrica semelhante (p > 0,05), menor que Biodentine (p < 0,05). Todos os materiais avaliados apresentaram pH alcalino. Bio-C Repair foi citocompatível, além de promover deposição de nódulos mineralizados em 21 dias e migração celular em 3 dias. Em conclusão, o Bio-C Repair apresentou radiopacidade adequada acima de 3mmAl, solubilidade menor que 3%, expansão dimensional e baixa perda volumétrica.. Além disso, o Bio-C Repair promoveu um pH alcalino e apresentou bioatividade e biocompatibilidade semelhantes ao MTA e Biodentine, mostrando potencial para uso como material reparador

ABSTRACT Ensuring prompt and effective water quality monitoring is increasingly important. Remote sensing has been shown to be an effective tool for simplifying and speeding up this process. The aim of this study is to develop an empirical model to map the spatial and temporal dynamics of turbidity in Mirim Lagoon, located in southern Brazil. To achieve this, Sentinel-2A/B MSI sensor data were combined with turbidity data collected in situ. The model was applied to monthly images (with cloud cover ≤ 20%) in 2019 and 2020 using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Mean turbidity values in the lagoon did not vary significantly, remaining between 30 and 75 NTU overall. However, there were differences in turbidity levels between the northern and southern regions of the lagoon in some months of the investigated years. By applying this methodology and analyzing the results, we were able to better understand the behavior of turbidity throughout the lagoon and gain insights into the quality of this important freshwater source.

RESUMO Tem se tornado cada vez mais necessário garantir agilidade e eficácia no monitoramento da qualidade da água. Nesse sentido, o sensoriamento remoto tem se mostrado uma ferramenta eficaz, capaz de tornar esse processo mais rápido e simples. O objetivo do presente estudo é gerar um modelo empírico para mapear espacial e temporalmente a dinâmica da turbidez na Lagoa Mirim, sul do Brasil. Os dados do sensor MSI Sentinel-2A/B foram usados em combinação com os dados de turbidez coletados in situ. Os mapeamentos espaciais e temporais foram realizados na plataforma Google Earth Engine (GEE) aplicando o modelo em imagens mensais (cobertura de nuvens ≤ 20%), em 2019 e 2020. Os valores médios de turbidez observados na lagoa não apresentaram variações significativas; no geral, eles permaneceram entre 30 NTU e 75 NTU. Houve diferença nos níveis de turbidez entre as regiões Norte e Sul da lagoa em alguns meses dos anos investigados. A metodologia aqui aplicada e os resultados observados permitiram analisar o comportamento da turbidez em toda a extensão da Lagoa Mirim e conhecer melhor a qualidade da água nesta importante fonte de água doce.

Abstract Objective: To assess the effects of different peracetic acid (PAA) formulations on smear layer (SL) removal, dentine erosion, cytotoxicity, and antibiofilm activity. Methodology: SL removal and dentine erosion were assessed using 90 premolars, distributed into six groups, according to final irrigation: PAA formulations (1% Sigma, 1% Bacterend OX, 1% Arposept, and 0.09-0.15% Anioxyde), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and water (control). Cytotoxicity was assessed by methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) and neutral red assays. Antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness was evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis. For cytotoxicity and antibiofilm activity assessment, the 2.5% NaOCl was also included. Results: EDTA, Sigma, and Bacterend OX removed more SL than Arposept, Anioxyde, and water (p<0.05). EDTA caused more severe dentine erosion than Sigma and Bacterend OX (p<0.05). Sigma and Bacterend OX had higher cytotoxicity than the other solutions (p<0.05). NaOCl, Bacterend OX, Sigma, and Anioxyde significantly reduced E. faecalis colony-forming units (CFU) (p<0.05). The 2.5% NaOCl solution promoted greater biofilm biomass reduction (p<0.05) than the other solutions. All PAA formulations promoted greater biomass reduction than 17% EDTA (p<0.05). Conclusions: Although Sigma and Bacterend OX had higher cytotoxicity, they had a SL removal capability similar to that of EDTA, were as effective as NaOCl against E. faecalis biofilm, and promoted less dentine erosion than EDTA. Arposept and Anioxyde failed to remove the SL, had lower cytotoxicity, and showed less bacterial activity than NaOCl.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a produção científica nacional brasileira da Fonoaudiologia na interface com a Terapia Ocupacional (TO), a partir de revisão integrativa da literatura. Métodos: foi realizada seleção dos artigos publicados nos periódicos nacionais do campo da TO: Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar, Revista de Terapia Ocupacional da USP, Revista Baiana da Terapia Ocupacional e Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional, com emprego dos descritores “fonoaudiologia, fonoaudiólogo e terapia fonoaudiológica”. Os artigos foram analisados quantitativa e qualitativamente. Resultados: foram selecionadas 10 publicações entre 2000 e 2017, com maior quantidade no ano de 2015. Os principais achados apontam para a área da linguagem como a mais prevalente, revelando conexão entre Fonoaudiologia e TO. A Tecnologia Assistiva, particularmente com as crianças, constitui-se em um campo comum entre as profissões, com a maior frequência de aparição. Conclusão: a análise da produção científica demonstrou que a parceria entre a Fonoaudiologia e a TO apareceu sob diferentes objetivos e públicos como intervenção precoce, ações na múltipla deficiência, com a criança deficiente e família, com autistas em equoterapia, na inclusão escolar e em tecnologia assistiva, este último com maior frequência. Tais achados possibilitaram reflexões sobre a interdisciplinaridade das duas profissões e campos de saberes.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the national scientific production of Speech-Language Therapy in the interface with Occupational Therapy (OT) based on an integrative literature review. Methods: a selection of articles published in Brazilian journals in the field of Occupational Therapy: Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional of UFSCar, Revista de Terapia Ocupacional of USP, Revista Baiana da Terapia Ocupacional and Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional with the descriptors “speech therapy, speech therapist and speech-language therapy”. The sample, consisting of 10 articles, was analyzed with quantitative and qualitative procedures. Results: the search showed publications from 2000 to 2017, with the largest number of articles in 2015. The main findings point to the language area as the most prevalent, revealing a connection between speech therapy and OT. Assistive Technology, particularly adopted with children, is a common field among the professional areas studied, with the highest incidence in the articles. Conclusion: the analysis of the scientific production showed that the partnership between Speech-Language Therapy and OT appeared under different objectives and the public, as early intervention, actions in multiple disabilities, with the disabled child and their family, with autists in hippotherapy, in school inclusion and in assistive technology, the latter more frequently. These findings allowed reflections on the interdisciplinarity of both professions and fields of knowledge.

Resumo A mangaba é uma fruta rica nutricionalmente e apresenta aspectos sensoriais bastante característicos, apresentando-se assim como uma potencial matéria-prima para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, como bebidas alcoólicas, principalmente fermentados alcoólicos de frutas. Com isso, o presente trabalho visa desenvolver e analisar microbiológica e sensorialmente diferentes fermentados alcoólicos de mangabas. Foram elaboradas quatro formulações de fermentados com variação do teor de sólidos solúveis inicial e concentração de leveduras (F1 – Menor Teor de Sólidos Solúveis/Menor Concentração de Levedura; F2 – Menor Teor de Sólidos Solúveis/Maior Concentração de Levedura; F3 – Maior Teor de Sólidos Solúveis/Menor Concentração de Levedura; F4 – Maior Teor de Sólidos Solúveis/Maior Concentração de Levedura), conforme processo descrito na patente “Bebida fermentada alcoólica de mangaba”. Procedeu-se à análise microbiológica para coliformes totais e termotolerantes, enterobactérias, fungos filamentosos e não filamentosos, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e Salmonella sp., além de análise sensorial com avaliadores não treinados. Os resultados sensoriais foram tratados pelo teste de Tukey e pela Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP). Os resultados mostraram que todas as bebidas apresentaram valores < 3 NMP para coliformes 35 °C e 45 °C, ausência de Salmonella sp. e contagens < 1 × 102 UFC/mL para todos os demais micro-organismos estudados. Foram obtidos bons resultados sensoriais (médias superiores a 5: não gostei/ nem desgostei) para todos os parâmetros analisados e boa intenção de compra, com média superior a 3 em uma escala de 5 pontos (talvez compraria/ talvez não compraria), não diferindo estatisticamente para nenhum dos parâmetros. Entretanto, a ACP demonstrou que todos os descritores, com exceção de intenção de compra, tenderam para F3, sendo essa a formulação que se destacou dentre as demais. Conclui-se que é viável a elaboração de fermentado alcoólico de mangaba e que todas as formulações apresentaram boas características microbiológicas e sensoriais.

Abstract Mangaba is a nutritionally rich fruit with very distinctive sensory aspects, presenting itself as a potential raw material for the development of new products, such as alcoholic beverages, mainly alcoholic fermented fruit drinks. Thus, the present study aims to develop and analyze microbiologically and sensorially different alcoholic ferments of mangaba. Four fermented formulations were elaborated with variation of the initial soluble solids content and yeast concentration (F1 - smaller soluble solids content/ smaller yeast concentration; F2 - smaller soluble solids content / higher yeast concentration ; F3- higher soluble solids content/ smaller yeast concentration; F4 - higher soluble solids content / higher yeast concentration), according to the process described in the patent “mangaba alcoholic fermented drink”. Microbiological analysis was performed for total and thermotolerant coliforms, enterobacteria, filamentous and non-filamentous fungi, Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Salmonella sp. Sensory analysis was performed with untrained evaluators. The sensory results were treated by the Tukey test and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that all beverages presented <3 NMP counts to coliforms 35 ºC and 45 ºC, absence of Salmonella sp. and < 1x 102 CFU/mL counts to all microorganisms studied. It was also verified good sensory results (average higher 5: I didn't like / dislike) for all the analyzed parameters, and good intent of purchase, with average higher 3 in the scale of 5 points (maybe I would buy / maybe I wouldn't buy), and did not differ statistically to any of the parameters. However, the ACP showed that all the descriptors, except for purchase intent, tended to F3, which was the formulation that stood out among the others. It was concluded that it is feasible to produce alcoholic fermented mangaba beverages, and that all formulations had good microbiological and sensorial characteristics.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate inbreeding depression in Holstein cows in Brazil, considering their 305-day milk production (MP), age of first calving (AFC), and calving interval (CI). The effects of inbreeding depression on the traits were determined using four regression models (linear, quadratic, exponential, and Michaelis-Menten) about the errors generated by the animal model. The linear model was significant for CI, and the quadratic model was significant for CI and AFC. The Michaelis-Menten and exponential models were significant for MP, AFC, and CI. Inbreeding depression affected MP and CI. Cows with inbreeding coefficient of 15% produced approximately 260 kg less milk than non-inbred cows. A 1% increase in the inbreeding level resulted in an unfavorable increase of CI of 1.88 days. The quadratic and exponential models showed no variations for CI with increasing inbreeding level; however, the Michaelis-Menten model showed a positive effect of inbreeding on CI. Despite of the small number of inbred Holstein cows, the inbreeding negatively affected milk production and calving intervals. Therefore, breeders should monitor their cattle inbreeding levels. The Michaelis-Menten and exponential non-linear models are best suited to fit inbreeding data of Holstein cows.

Fatty acid esters (methyl and ethyl) prepared from babassu nut oil were blended with the respective esters from soybean oil. These binary blends (babassu:soybean) were made in proportions of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, and 50:50 (vol%). The ester content of all the blends was higher than 96.5%, which is the minimum value required by the Brazilian National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis, ANP). The thermal properties of the babassu, soybean and binary mixtures of esters were investigated by thermogravimetry-differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal stability of the blended biodiesels decreased as the total contents of the babassu esters increased. From the experiments it was found that babassu methanol biodiesel is stable up to 49.6 ºC and the ethanol biodiesel is stable up to 53.7 ºC in air. The methyl esters blends were thermally stable up to 83.2 and 56.8 ºC, for 90:10 and 50:50 blends (soybean:babassu), respectively. The ethyl ester blends presented values of temperature ranges somewhat higher than the methyl esters, such as 85.2 and 64.5 ºC for 90:10 and 50:50 blends, respectively. The esters from babassu oil have satisfactory performance at low temperatures with respect to the point of crystallization, which were below –9.8 ºC for ethylic esters and –8.5 ºC for methylic esters. A good correlation between the crystallization onset temperature and the increase in the concentration of the babassu oil esters was obtained in the mixtures analyses. In the 50:50 combination (babassu:soybean), the crystallization onset temperature were –6.73 and –9.12 ºC for methyl and ethyl esters, respectively.

RESUMO Este estudo pretendeu verificar as melhores condições operacionais para a hidrólise de lipídeos presentes em efluente de frigorífico de suínos, comparando uma fosfolipase comercial livre e uma imobilizada, assim como o potencial para reutilização da fosfolipase imobilizada nas reações de hidrólise e sua manutenção de capacidade lipolítica em condições de armazenamento. Analisaram-se a influência da temperatura, o pH e a concentração da fosfolipase na hidrólise, obtendo-se como valores ótimos 36ºC, 8,5 e 1,1% (m.v-1), respectivamente. Os valores de ácidos graxos livres obtidos para a enzima livre e imobilizada diferiram significativamente (p<0,05), sendo os valores para a enzima imobilizada superiores, com máximo de 34 µmol.mL-1. Foram realizados 18 ciclos de reúso da fosfolipase imobilizada nas reações de hidrólise, e até o 17º reúso a atividade relativa ficou acima de 50%. A enzima imobilizada estocada em temperatura de refrigeração manteve a mesma liberação de ácidos graxos até o sétimo dia de armazenamento.

ABSTRACT This study intended to determine the best operating conditions for the hydrolysis of lipids present in wastewater of slaughterhouse swine comparing a free commercial phospholipase and an immobilized one, as well as the potential for reuse of the immobilized phospholipase in hydrolysis reactions and the maintenance of its lipolytic capacity in storage conditions. The influence of temperature, pH and concentration of phospholipase hydrolysis were analyzed, yielding optimal values such as 36ºC, 8.5 and 1.1% (w.v-1), respectively. The amounts of free fatty acids obtained for free and immobilized enzyme differed significantly (p<0.05); the values were higher for the immobilized enzyme, with a maximum of 34 µmol.mL-1. There were performed 18 cycles of reuse in immobilized phospholipase hydrolysis reactions, and until the 17th reuse the relative activity was above 50%. The immobilized enzyme stored at refrigeration temperature remained the same fatty acids release until the 7th day of storage.

Avaliamos a composição relativa da dieta e o nível de sobreposição de nichos de dois marsupiais simpátricos, Marmosa demerarae e Marmosops bishopi, através da avaliação de itens alimentares consumidos em fragmentos florestais de diferentes tamanhos na região sul da Amazônia. Nós analisamos o conteúdo estomacal de 107 indivíduos, 42 M. demerarae e 65 M. bishopi, de acordo com os métodos de taxa volumétrica e frequência. O grau de similaridade entre as dietas das duas espécies foi quantificado utilizando o índice de Pianka. A importância relativa dos diferentes itens alimentares consumidos foi estimada pelo Índice de Importância Alimentar. Ambas as espécies revelaram flexibilidade em suas preferências alimentares consumindo predominantemente coleópteros. Os itens vegetais foram identificados apenas em M. demerarae. A avaliação de itens alimentares mostrou sobreposição de 76% entre os nichos tróficos das duas espécies, sugerindo a existência de uma forte competição por itens alimentares entre eles nos fragmentos amostrados. Marmosa demerarae mostrou um nicho trófico mais amplo, consumindo uma maior variedade de itens em relação a M. bishopi. A alteração na composição das dietas foi atribuída a flutuações na disponibilidade de recursos alimentares e à influência das matrizes de pastagem nesses ambientes.

We assessed the relative diet composition and level of trophic niche overlap of two sympatric didelphids, Marmosa demerarae and Marmosops bishopi, through the evaluation of food items consumed in forest fragments of different sizes in the southern Amazon region. The stomach contents of 107 individuals (42 M. demerarae and 65 M. bishopi) were analyzed by volume and frequency. The degree of similarity between the diets of the two species was quantified using Pianka’s index. The relative importance of the different food items consumed was quantified with the Index of Alimentary Importance. Both species revealed flexibility in their feeding preferences but consumed predominantly coleopterans. Vegetable items were only identified in the diet of M. demerarae. Trophic niches of these species overlapped greatly (76%), suggesting strong competition for food items between them in the sampled fragments. Marmosa demerarae presented a broader trophic niche, consuming a greater variety of items than M. bishopi. Temporal changes in diet composition was attributed to fluctuations in the availability of food resources and to influence from the pasture matrices within these environments.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate heritability, genetic, and residual correlations between reproductive traits such as age at first calving, calving interval, dry period, and first service period and linear type traits measured in Holstein cows born between the years 1990 and 2008 in Brazil. The (co)variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, using the MTDFREML software. The heritability for reproductive traits and linear-type traits ranged from 0.02 to 0.03 and from 0.07 to 0.40, respectively. Estimates of genetic correlations between reproductive and linear-type traits ranged from -0.23 (top line) to 0.28 (angularity) to age at first calving, from -0.54 (final score) to 0.34 (foot angle) to calving interval, from -0.23 (angularity) to 0.56 (stature) to dry period, and from -0.52 (final score) to 0.36 (height udder) to first service period. Direct selection for any of the reproductive traits implies low genetic gains by virtue of their low heritabilities. Among the linear-type traits, the final score, chest width, top line, angularity, teat length, udder attachment, rear teat placement were highlighted as good auxiliary traits to improve reproductive efficiency of Holstein cows in Brazil. The simultaneous selection for reproductive and linear-type traits can lead a higher genetic progress in the reproductive traits.

Resumo Os solos leves ocupam cerca de 8% do território brasileiro e são epecialmente expressivos na nova e na última fronteira agrícola do país: a região de Matopiba, nos estados do Maranhão, do Tocantins, do Piauí e da Bahia, onde representam 20% da área. Esses solos enquadram-se nas classes texturais areia e areia franca ou francoarenosa, até a profundidade de 0,75 m ou mais, e são representados principalmente pelos Neossolos Quartzarênicos e, em parte, por Latossolos e Argissolos. O entendimento do funcionamento desses solos depende do estabelecimento de critérios distintivos sobre: dinâmica da matéria orgânica; teor e mineralogia da fração argila; teores de areia grossa e de areia total, em relação aos de areia fina; diâmetro médio da fração areia; e capacidade de retenção de água. Esses critérios podem contribuir para o zoneamento e para o manejo conservacionista e da fertilidade dos solos leves, bem como para estimação de seu potencial agrícola. Sistemas integrados de produção, como os de integração lavoura-pecuária e lavoura-pecuária-floresta, além do plantio direto com rotação de culturas, dos plantios florestais mistos com espécies leguminosas, e do uso de adubos verdes e cultivos de cobertura, são relevantes para o manejo adequado desses solos. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi caracterizar os solos leves e apontar os principais desafios em relação a seu potencial agrícola, a seu manejo e conservação e sua fertilidade, frente à expansão e à consolidação da nova fronteira agrícola.

Abstract Light soils occupy 8% of the Brazilian territory and are especially expressive in the new and last agricultural frontier in Brazil: the Matopiba region - in the states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia -, where they represent 20% of the area. These soils fit into the textural classes of sand and loamy sand or sandy loam, down to 0.75-m soil depth or deeper, and they are mainly represented by Neossolos Quartzarênicos (Quartzipsamments) and, partly, by Latossolos (Oxisols) and Argissolos (Ultisols). The understanding of soil functioning depends on the establishment of distinguishing criteria for: organic matter dynamics; content and mineralogy of the clay fraction; coarse sand and total sand contents, in relation to those of fine sand; mean diameter of the sand fraction; and water retention capacity. These criteria can contribute for the zoning and for the conservation and fertility management of light soils, as well as for the estimation of their agricultural potential. Integrated production systems, such as crop-livestock and crop-livestock-forestry integration, besides no-tillage with crop rotation, mixed forestry planting with legumes, and the use of green manure and cover crops are relevant for the proper management of these soils. The objective of this review was to characterize light soils and to highlight the main challenges regarding their agricultural potential and their conservation and fertility managements, in face of the expansion and consolidation of the new Brazilian agricultural frontier.

Resumo Objetivo Estimar se variáveis clínicas e epidemiológicas influenciam no atraso do diagnóstico em dois centros de referência. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo analítico longitudinal retrospectivo. Todos os prontuários de pacientes maiores de 18 anos diagnosticados no período de junho de 2005 a junho de 2013 foram analisados por meio do SPSS® 20. Para testar associações entre as variáveis epidemiológicas e clínicas com os atrasos do paciente e do profissional, foram utilizados os testes: ANOVA, t de Student e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados Foram incluídos no estudo 121 prontuários. Prevaleceram pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade média de 64,3 anos (DP=12,94), pardos, procedentes do interior, analfabetos, tabagistas e etilistas. A grande maioria (85,1%) foi diagnosticada nos estádios avançados. O maior atraso estava relacionado ao paciente, com média de tempo de 197,8 dias (DP=323,9). O atraso no diagnóstico profissional foi de 20 dias (DP=25,9), e aquele relacionado ao sistema de saúde foi de 71,1 dias (DP=71,7). Não houve associação entre as variáveis clínicas/epidemiológicas e o atraso no diagnóstico (do paciente e do profissional). Conclusão De acordo com os resultados do presente estudo, as variáveis clínicas e epidemiológicas não influenciam no atraso do diagnóstico.

Abstract Objectives To analyze the chronology of diagnosis and determine whether clinical and epidemiological variables have an influence on diagnostic delay at two referral centers. Methods The medical records of all patients older than 18 years diagnosed with oral/oropharyngeal cancer from June 2005 to June 2013 were analyzed using SPSS® 20. The association between epidemiological and clinical variables with patient and professional delay was performed using ANOVA, Student’s t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results In total, 121 medical records were included in the study. Patients were predominantly brown, male, illiterate, living in country towns, smokers, and heavy drinkers (mean age 64.3 years, SD=12.94). The majority (85.1%) of patients were diagnosed at advanced stages of their disease. The greatest delay was patient-related, mean 197.8 days (SD=323.9). Delay in establishing the medical diagnosis averaged 20 days (SD=25.9), and health care system-related delay was 71.1 days (SD=71.7). There was no association of clinical and epidemiological variables with delayed diagnosis (patient and professional). Conclusion Data from the present study suggest that clinical and epidemiological variables do not influence diagnostic delay.

RESUMO O método usualmente empregado para avaliação da disponibilidade de potássio (K) no solo (Mehlich-1) não estima as formas não trocáveis do elemento. No entanto, essas formas podem contribuir de maneira significativa no suprimento às plantas de arroz irrigado por alagamento. Objetivou-se avaliar formas de K em solos de várzea por diferentes métodos e associá-las às quantidades de K absorvidas por plantas de arroz irrigado por alagamento. O experimento foi conduzido em casade-vegetação, com amostras de 14 solos de várzea cultivados com arroz (cultivar IRGA 417) e irrigados por alagamento. Nas amostras de solo, o K foi extraído com cloreto de cálcio, Mehlich-1, tetrafenil borato de sódio (NaTFB) e ácido fluorídrico, antes e após o cultivo. Na parte aérea das plantas, foi determinada a quantidade de K absorvido. Houve ampla variação na quantidade de K total para os solos de várzea. A variação na quantidade de K extraído pelo método Mehlich-1 não explica a quantidade de K absorvida pelas plantas de arroz irrigado para todos os solos. O método NaTFB foi mais sensível em estimar o K disponível em solos de várzea cultivados com arroz irrigado por alagamento.

ABSTRACT Non-exchangeable potassium (K) forms are not estimated by usual methods of soil K availability, like Mehlich-1, but they can contribute to K nutrition of flooded rice. This study aimed at evaluating K forms in lowland soils by different chemical methods and associate them to K absorption by flooded rice. Fourteen lowland soils cultivated with flooded rice (IRGA 417 cultivar) were sampled and used in a greenhouse experiment. The K forms in the soil samples were extracted before and after rice cultivation by using calcium chlorite, Mehlich-1, sodium tetra phenyl borate (NaTFB) and fluorite acid. The K uptake was measured in rice shoots. There was a wide variation in K forms among the lowland soils. The variation in the amount of K extracted by using the Mehlich-1 method does not explain the K absorption by irrigated rice plants in every soil. The NaTFB method was more sensitive to evaluate K availability in lowland soils cultivated with flooded rice plants.

Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os efeitos de duas técnicas de perfusão diferentes: convencional (CEC) e mini (MCEC) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria - RS. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, transversal, baseado em dados coletados dos pacientes operados entre 2010 e 2013. Foram analisados os registros de 242 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: Grupo I - 149 pacientes submetidos à circulação extracorpórea e Grupo II - 93 pacientes submetidos à minicirculação extracorpórea. Resultados: O perfil clínico dos pacientes no pré-operatório foi semelhante nos grupos circulação extracorpórea e minicirculação extracorpórea sem diferenças significativas, exceto na idade, maior no grupo minicirculação extracorpórea. Os dados perioperatórios foram significativos de sangue coletadas para autotransfusão, que foram maiores no grupo com minicirculação extracorpórea do que a circulação extracorpórea e na transfusão de concentrado de hemácias, superior em circulação extracorpórea do que em minicirculação extracorpórea. Nos valores pós-operatório imediato, primeiro e segundo, os níveis de hematócrito e da hemoglobina foram maiores e significativos na minicirculação extracorpórea que no circulação extracorpórea, embora o sangramento no primeiro e segundo dias pós-operatórios tenha sido maior e significativo no minicirculação extracorpórea que no circulação extracorpórea. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a minicirculação extracorpórea foi benéfica em reduzir a transfusão de células vermelhas do sangue durante a cirurgia e houve discreta, mas significativa, elevação do hematócrito e hemoglobina no pós-operatório.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two different perfusion techniques: conventional cardiopulmonary bypass and miniature cardiopulmonary bypass in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at the University Hospital of Santa Maria - RS. Methods: We perform a retrospective, cross-sectional study, based on data collected from the patients operated between 2010 and 2013. We analyzed the records of 242 patients divided into two groups: Group I: 149 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and Group II - 93 patients undergoing the miniature cardiopulmonary bypass. Results: The clinical profile of patients in the preoperative period was similar in the cardiopulmonary bypass and miniature cardiopulmonary bypass groups without significant differences, except in age, which was greater in the miniature cardiopulmonary bypass group. The perioperative data were significant of blood collected for autotransfusion, which were higher in the group with miniature cardiopulmonary bypass than the cardiopulmonary bypass and in transfusion of packed red blood cells, which was higher in cardiopulmonary bypass than in miniature cardiopulmonary bypass. In the immediate, first and second postoperative period the values of hematocrit and hemoglobin were higher and significant in miniature cardiopulmonary bypass than in the cardiopulmonary bypass, although the bleeding in the first and second postoperative days was higher and significant in miniature cardiopulmonary bypass than in the cardiopulmonary bypass. Conclusion: The present results suggest that the miniature cardiopulmonary bypass was beneficial in reducing the red blood cell transfusion during surgery and showed slight but significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin in the postoperative period.