Abstract The aim is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia components and associations with socioeconomic variables in older persons living in rural areas in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 274 older adults. Muscle mass was assessed using muscle mass index (MMI), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and calf circumference. Muscle strength (MS) was assessed using the handgrip test. Physical performance was measured using the walk test to calculate gait speed (GS) and the timed up-and-go test. Probable sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS, while confirmed sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS and low MMI. Severe sarcopenia was defined as the presence of the latter two criteria and slow GS. We tested for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits and the components of sarcopenia. The logistic regression produced the following results: i) prevalence of low MS was higher among men, individuals aged >69 years, and in those not working at the time of the study; ii) the prevalence of low MMI was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those not living with a spouse, and those with an inadequate level of physical activity; iii) the prevalence of slow GS was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those who had lived in rural areas for less than 30 years, and those not working at the time of the study.

Resumo O objetivo é estimar prevalência de componentes da sarcopenia e associações com variáveis socioeconômicas em idosos de população rural do Ceará. Estudo transversal com 274 idosos. Massa muscular foi determinada por Índice de Massa Muscular (IMM) por bioimpedância elétrica e por circunferência da panturrilha; força muscular (FM) por teste de preensão palmar; e desempenho físico por testes da caminhada (VC) e Timed-up-and-go. Provável sarcopenia foi caracterizada por diminuição da FM, sarcopenia quando associada a diminuição do IMM, e sarcopenia grave quando estes dois foram acompanhados de baixa VC. Foram estimadas associações entre condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e componentes da sarcopenia. Na regressão logística, foi observada frequência mais elevada: i) no sexo masculino, idade>69 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com FM diminuída; ii) com idade>69 anos, nos que não moram com o cônjuge, e nos que não praticam atividade física num nível adequado, entre os idosos com IMM diminuído; iii) com idade>69 anos, nos que residem na zona rural há menos que 30 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com VC diminuída.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inoculación con L. buchneri liofilizado y/o activado sobre las poblaciones de bacterias de ácido láctico en ensilajes de maíz. Los tratamientos experimentales consistieron en ensilaje de maíz sin aditivo y ensilaje con los inoculantes L. buchneri 1 × 10 5 ufc/g, aplicados según las recomendaciones del fabricante (1 g/tonelada de forraje) en las formas de inoculante liofilizado e inoculante preactivado. Se identificaron aislados purificados de ensilajes de maíz con y sin inocu lación, y el 93% de los aislados correspondieron a bacterias de ácido láctico de la especie L. plantarum. Entre los aislados no se detectaron bacterias de la especie L. buchneri. La aplicación de L. buchneri liofilizado o activado en la masa ensilada promueve un aumento considerable de la población de bacterias de ácido lácticas en los ensilajes de maíz durante todo el período de fermentación.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with lyophilised and/or activated Lactobacillus buchneri on lactic acid bacteria populations in corn silage. Experimental treatments consisted of corn silage without additives or silage with the inoculants of L. buchneri (1 x 10 5 cfu/g) applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (1 g/tonne fodder) in the forms of the lyophilised inoculant and pre-activated inoculant. Purified isolates from corn silage with and without the inoculant were identified, and 93% of the isolates corresponded to the lactic acid bacteria of the species Lactobacillus plantarum. Among the isolates, no bacteria of the species L. buchneri were detected. The application of lyophilised or activated L. buchneri improved the microbiological profile and reduced ethanol production in corn silage, even without being identified among the isolates captured 70 days after ensilage.

Abstract Food processing allows a wide variation in the final quality of the product, which directly depends on the quality of the raw material used, the processing conditions, storage and commercialization. Salting, for example, is one of the oldest methods used to preserve meat. In the meat industry, the incorporation of salts into products is commonly used to improve dietary functionality and ensure food safety. Thus, the objective of this review was to understand that the discarded matrix meat can be used to make jerky meat, adding value to the final product. The processing of jerked beef is based on the osmotic dehydration process in counter flow, promoted by the penetration of salt with consequent exit of water from the inter and extra fibrillar compartments to the surface, with subsequent drying. At the same time, myosin denaturation occurs as a result of high temperatures, as well as myoglobin oxidation, promoted by salt, increasing the susceptibility to protein oxidation. The use of discarded animal meat to make jerky adds value to the by-product, improving sensory quality.

Abstract The aim is to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia components and associations with socioeconomic variables in older persons living in rural areas in the state of Ceará, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 274 older adults. Muscle mass was assessed using muscle mass index (MMI), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and calf circumference. Muscle strength (MS) was assessed using the handgrip test. Physical performance was measured using the walk test to calculate gait speed (GS) and the timed up-and-go test. Probable sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS, while confirmed sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low MS and low MMI. Severe sarcopenia was defined as the presence of the latter two criteria and slow GS. We tested for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle habits and the components of sarcopenia. The logistic regression produced the following results: i) prevalence of low MS was higher among men, individuals aged >69 years, and in those not working at the time of the study; ii) the prevalence of low MMI was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those not living with a spouse, and those with an inadequate level of physical activity; iii) the prevalence of slow GS was higher in individuals aged >69 years, those who had lived in rural areas for less than 30 years, and those not working at the time of the study.

Resumo O objetivo é estimar prevalência de componentes da sarcopenia e associações com variáveis socioeconômicas em idosos de população rural do Ceará. Estudo transversal com 274 idosos. Massa muscular foi determinada por Índice de Massa Muscular (IMM) por bioimpedância elétrica e por circunferência da panturrilha; força muscular (FM) por teste de preensão palmar; e desempenho físico por testes da caminhada (VC) e Timed-up-and-go. Provável sarcopenia foi caracterizada por diminuição da FM, sarcopenia quando associada a diminuição do IMM, e sarcopenia grave quando estes dois foram acompanhados de baixa VC. Foram estimadas associações entre condições sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e componentes da sarcopenia. Na regressão logística, foi observada frequência mais elevada: i) no sexo masculino, idade>69 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com FM diminuída; ii) com idade>69 anos, nos que não moram com o cônjuge, e nos que não praticam atividade física num nível adequado, entre os idosos com IMM diminuído; iii) com idade>69 anos, nos que residem na zona rural há menos que 30 anos, e nos que não trabalham, entre os idosos com VC diminuída.

ABSTRACT. Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the main fruits consumed worldwide. However, finger drop, is a physiological disorder that causes many postharvest problems, which eventually reduces market value and consumer acceptance. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the anatomical changes that occur in the pedicel rupture area (drop zone) of bananas diploids (BB França) and tetraploid (BRS Pioneira) in three ripening stages. The levels of gene expression involved in the natural ripening process and in the development of finger drop, was also investigated. The accumulation of their mRNAs and those of expansin (EXP1), pectate lyase (PEL1) and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein (XTH4) genes already isolated from bananas were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in three ripening stages. BB França presented a higher resistance to finger drop due to the presence of some specific morphoanatomical characteristics, such as larger parenchymal cells and greater deposition of lignin. In contrast, there was degeneration of the pedicel parenchymal tissue of the BRS Pioneira genotype, forming large empty spaces during the ripening of the fruits, mainly in stage 6, which contributed to the finger drop. The diploid BB França is a strong candidate for use in banana breeding programs aimed at fruit drop resistance. This will certainly improve the quality of banana varieties. Moreover, PEL1 proved to be an excellent candidate gene for functional studies of finger drop in bananas.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of milk and cheese and sensory analysis of cheese from goats that received a diet with different levels of sorghum silage in the diet. Twenty Anglonubian dairy goats were used, with an average age of 2 years, average live weight of 43.7 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design, with five replications. Moisture (P=0.001), total solids (P=0.001), fat (p=0.001), TDE (P=0.006) and protein (P=0.003) of goat cheese showed a significant difference due to the inclusion of silage from goat cheese. sorghum in the diet. The sensory attributes soft appearance (P<.0001), look (P<.0001), salty taste (P<.0001) and smooth texture (P=0.0430) showed a significant difference depending on the level of sorghum silage added to the diet. of goats. In the PC analysis, it is observed that three main components were needed to represent the variation of 64.84% of the data. PC 1 determined 29% of the data variation and was represented by the attributes with the highest averages: attractive aroma (5.87) and global acceptability (7.74). The inclusion of up to 45% of sorghum silage in the diet of goats increased milk and cheese fat, which favored high scores for the attributes of softness and global acceptance.

Abstract Every activity that involves exploitation of natural resources, such as fishing, needs to be organized and conducted based on information from monitoring programs to allow continuous evaluation. With the increasing fishing pressure in Brazil, the understanding of the importance of fisheries monitoring programs and how they can inform and assist in conservation decision-making remains limited. Based on the literature on fisheries and participatory conservation, we call attention to the need to generate information on the national fisheries sector in order to improve fisheries in the country. Given the context of the need to generate information on fishing stocks under exploitation, as well as to identify potential alternative fisheries and carry out various sectoral analyses in compliance with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, we present and discuss in the present paper the lack of a system of continuous fishing monitoring in Brazil and its effects on the fisheries sustainability in the country.

Resumo Toda atividade que atua envolvendo a exploração de recursos naturais, como a pesca, precisa ser organizada e conduzida com base nas informações dos programas de monitoramento para permitir uma avaliação contínua. Com o aumento da pressão pesqueira no Brasil, o entendimento da importância dos programas de monitoramento da pesca e como eles podem informar e auxiliar na tomada de decisões de conservação permanece limitado. Com base na literatura sobre pesca e conservação participativa, chamamos a atenção para a necessidade de gerar informações sobre o setor pesqueiro nacional para melhorar a pesca no país. Dado o contexto da necessidade de gerar informações sobre os estoques pesqueiros em exploração, bem como identificar potenciais alternativas de pesca e realizar diversas análises setoriais em conformidade com a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, é apresentada e discutida no presente trabalho a falta de um sistema de monitoramento contínuo da pesca no Brasil e seus efeitos na sustentabilidade da pesca no país.

ABSTRACT Purpose to verify the relationship between the risk of falling, the level of confidence in activities involving balance, and age with the values of gain and symmetry of the semicircular canals (SSCs), using the Head Video Impulse Test (vHIT) in patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Methods Cross-sectional study in 12 individuals submitted to functional evaluation using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC Scale) and the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), and vestibular evaluation with vHIT. The results were compared using Spearman's Correlation Coefficient. Results There was a predominance of females (75%), with a mean age of 59 years and 8 months. The mean score in DGI was 19.70 points and on the ABC Scale, 43.65%, which is characteristic of a low confidence level. A moderate correlation was observed between age and DGI and between DGI and ABC Scale and SCC gain and symmetry values with vHIT. Conclusion A relationship was observed between a higher risk of falling in patients with vestibular hypofunction and advanced age and between a low level of confidence to perform daily activities due to asymmetrical SCC gain.

RESUMO Objetivo verificar a relação entre o risco de queda, o nível de confiança nas atividades que envolvem equilíbrio e a idade com os valores de ganho e simetria dos canais semicirculares (CSCs), por meio do Vídeo Teste do Impulso Cefálico (vHIT), em pacientes com disfunção vestibular periférica. Método estudo transversal, composto por 12 indivíduos submetidos à avaliação funcional por meio da Activities-specific Balance Confidance Scale (ABC Scale) e do Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) e avaliação vestibular com o vHIT. Os resultados foram comparados por meio do Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman. Resultados observou-se predomínio do gênero feminino (75%), com média de idade de 59 anos e 8 meses. A média de escore no DGI foi de 19,70 pontos e 43,65% na ABC Scale, característico de baixo nível de confiança. Observou-se correlação de grau moderado entre os parâmetros idade com o DGI, DGI e ABC Scale com os valores de ganho e simetria dos CSCs do vHIT. Conclusão Observaram-se relações entre o maior risco de queda em pacientes com hipofunção vestibular e idade avançada e entre o baixo nível de confiança para realizar atividades diárias diante da assimetria de ganho dos CSCs.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To introduce a new low-cost simulation model for training basic surgical skills. Methods: The training model was made from a mixture of 20 g of acetic silicone with 11 g of maize starch. Validation consisted of serial training sessions, evaluating the mean pre- and post-training time and the mean final score according to the global rating scale. Results: A decrease in the time required to perform the sutures was observed, comparing the average post and pre-training time of each training day, with a significant correlation between the order of training and the time for performing the simulation. Conclusions: The presented model proved to be capable of simulating the basic suture training skills. It is easy to make, has low cost, and can be easily reproduced in educational institutions.

ABSTRACT Introduction: historically, surgical medical specialties are mostly male, a scenario which, in recent years, has undergone changes. In this sense, despite the relevance of the growth of female participation in the medical career, little is discussed about the distribution between genders of the main surgical medical specialties in the country. Objective: discuss the process of feminization in surgical specialties in Brazil over the last few years, tracing a distribution profile of these specialties. Methods: this is a retrospective and cross-sectional study with secondary data from the Censuses of Medical Demography in Brazil in the years 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2020 and 2023, including the surgical specialties: Urology, Orthopedics and Traumatology, Thoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Digestive System Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, Hand Surgery, General Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Plastic Surgery, Ophthalmology, Coloproctology, Otorhinolaryngology, Pediatric Surgery, and Gynecology and Obstetrics. Results: males prevails in numbers, among the surgical specialties, however, with a lower growth rate compared to females. Specialties such as urology, orthopedics and traumatology and neurosurgery are mostly male, while gynecology and obstetrics are female. Conclusion: it is evident that female participation in the surgical medical field has increased significantly over the last few years.

RESUMO Introdução: historicamente, as especialidades médicas cirúrgicas são, majoritariamente, masculinas, cenário o qual, nos últimos anos, passa por mudanças. Nesse sentido, apesar da relevância do crescimento da participação feminina na carreira médica, pouco se debate sobre a distribuição entre sexos das principais especialidades médicas cirúrgicas no país. Objetivo: discutir o processo de feminização nas especialidades cirúrgicas no Brasil ao longo dos últimos anos, traçando um perfil de distribuição dessas especialidades. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e transversal com dados secundários oriundos dos Censos de Demografia Médica no Brasil dos anos de 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018, 2020 e 2023, incluindo as especialidades cirúrgicas:Urologia, Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Cirurgia Torácica, Neurocirurgia, Cirurgia do Aparelho Digestivo, Cirurgia Cardiovascular, Cirurgia da Mão, Cirurgia Geral, Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Cirurgia Vascular, Cirurgia Plástica, Oftalmologia, Coloproctologia, Otorrinolaringologia, Cirurgia Pediátrica e Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. Resultados: O sexo masculino prevalece em números, dentre as especialidades cirúrgicas, porém, com menor taxa de crescimento em comparação ao sexo feminino. Especialidades como a urologia, ortopedia e traumatologia e neurocirurgia são majoritariamente masculinas, enquanto a ginecologia e obstetrícia, feminina. Conclusão: evidencia-se que a participação feminina na área médica cirúrgica aumentou significativamente ao longo dos últimos anos.

ABSTRACT Leptocybe invasa is a fast-spreading alien pest infesting eucalyptus in several countries. This study examined the damage caused by the gall wasp, recorded in eucalyptus plants in the municipalities of Itaporanga D'Ajuda and São Cristóvão, state of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil.

RESUMO Leptocybe invasa é uma praga exótica de rápida disseminação que infesta o eucalipto em vários países. Este estudo analisou os danos causados pela vespa-da-galha, registrados em plantas de eucalipto nos municípios de Itaporanga D'Ajuda e São Cristóvão, estado de Sergipe, Nordeste do Brasil.

■ ABSTRACT Introduction: Complex wounds are serious tegumentary injuries that are difficult to resolve with conventional dressings. This study aimed to describe a third-intention wound healing technique, reproducible and low cost, applicable to complex wounds, using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) prosthesis temporarily placed in the injured area to promote the protection and stimulate its “granulation,” followed by autologous partial-thickness skin grafting. Method: Consecutively, 20 patients with complex wounds resulting from external causes were selected and divided into 2 groups: A - patients who underwent the coverage technique with PVC prosthesis, followed by grafting, and B - patients submitted to the care of the dressing team, with daily changes until wound granulation, standard in our institution. Patients were evaluated regarding length of stay; costs; local pain; complications; the time until medical discharge; and patient satisfaction. Results: The length of hospital stay, its costs, and the time until medical discharge were shorter in group A (p<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in local pain between techniques A and B. Conclusion: The technique using PVC prosthesis and graft has good efficacy for treating complex wounds, being reproducible and inexpensive.

■ RESUMO Introdução: Feridas complexas são lesões tegumentares graves, de difícil resolução com curativos convencionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever uma técnica de cicatrização de feridas por terceira intenção, reprodutível e de baixo custo, aplicável a feridas complexas, utilizando uma prótese de policloreto de vinila (PVC) colocada temporariamente na área da lesão para promover proteção e estimular sua “granulação”, seguida de enxerto autólogo de pele de espessura parcial. Método: De forma consecutiva, foram selecionados 20 pacientes com feridas complexas, decorrentes de causas externas, divididos em 2 grupos: A - pacientes que foram submetidos à técnica de cobertura com prótese de PVC, seguida de enxerto; e B - pacientes submetidos aos cuidados da equipe de curativo, com trocas diárias até granulação da ferida, padrão da nossa instituição. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto ao tempo de internação; custos; em relação à dor local; à presença de complicações; ao tempo até a alta médica; e à satisfação do paciente. Resultados: O tempo de internamento e seus custos, assim como o tempo até a alta médica, foram menores no grupo A (p<0,05). Todavia, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à dor local entre as técnicas A e B. Conclusão: A técnica utilizando prótese de PVC e enxerto possui boa eficácia para o tratamento de feridas complexas, sendo reprodutível e de baixo custo.

Abstract The industries that have polymers as an important raw material in their production, such as the construction, automotive, electrical and electronic sectors, always seek innovations to cut costs, reduce weight, easiness of processing, maximizing mechanical properties, and recyclability. In this context, this work presents the study of the kinetic parameters and viscoelastic behavior of a new thermoplastic system initially liquid. Through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, Brookfield viscosimetry; dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) and mathematical modeling with consolidated and standardized methods, it was possible to evaluate the polymerization kinetics and viscoelastic behavior of the material in solutions with different concentrations. The generated equations allow the prediction of the kinetic and gelation behavior of the material reducing the need for laboratory tests to determine polymer properties. The found results showed that concentrations of benzoyl peroxide initiator with 1wt% in the methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer solution have the best viscoelastic and dynamic-mechanical properties with a less expensive polymerization cycle. production construction automotive sectors costs weight processing recyclability context liquid DSC (DSC viscosimetry dynamicmechanical dynamic DMA (DMA methods 1wt wt MMA (MMA cycle

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la ingesta, digestibilidad aparente, balance hídrico, balance de nitrógeno y rendimiento productivo en corderos alimentados con ensilaje de nopal asociado con forrajes tropicales. En el experimento se utilizaron 40 corderos machos cruzados intactos, con un peso corporal inicial de 18.85 ± 1.2 kg. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar, con 5 tratamientos y 8 repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en dietas con diferentes proporciones de pasto buffel y salvado de trigo como fuentes de fibra detergente neutro (FDN), en ensilaje de alimento total (EAT) a base de nopal: EAT1 - 279 g/kg de pasto buffel; EAT2 - 240 g/kg de pasto buffel y 17 g/kg de salvado de trigo; EAT3 - 198 g/kg de pasto buffel y 34 g/kg de salvado de trigo; EAT4 - 108 g/kg de pasto buffel y 74 g/kg de salvado de trigo; EAT5 - 118 g/kg de salvado de trigo. La ingesta más baja de FDN se encontró en corderos que consumieron EAT5 (402 g/día). La digestibilidad aparente de los carbohidratos no fibrosos fue mayor para EAT5, mientras que la digestibilidad aparente de FDN de EAT5 y EAT4 fue mayor que la de EAT1. Las dietas promovieron una ganancia diaria de peso promedio de 180.8 g/día. En condiciones experimentales, el uso de nopal forrajero y concentrado en forma de raciones mixtas totales de ensilaje conduce a una mayor ingesta de proteína cruda, carbohidratos no fibrosos, extracto etéreo y mayor digestibilidad de carbohidratos no fibrosos y fibra detergente neutro, sin embargo, todas las dietas fueron viables en la alimentación de ovinos confinados, proporcionando ganancias de hasta 198 g/d según la formulación de la dieta.

Abstract This study aimed was to evaluate the intake, apparent digestibility, water balance, nitrogen balance, and productive performance in lamb fed cactus pear silage associated with tropical forages. Forty male intact crossbred lambs, with an initial body weight of 18.85 ± 1.2 kg, were used in the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 5 treatments and 8 replications. The treatments consisted of diets with different proportions of buffelgrass and wheat bran as sources of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in total feed silage (TFS) based on cactus pear: TFS1 - 279 g/kg of buffelgrass; TFS2 - 240 g/kg of buffelgrass and 17 g/kg of wheat bran; TFS3 - 198 g/kg of buffelgrass and 34 g/kg of wheat bran; TFS4 - 108 g/kg of buffelgrass and 74 g/kg of wheat bran; TFS5 - 118 g/kg of wheat bran. The lowest NDF intake was found in lambs that consumed TFS5 (402 g/d). The non-fibrous carbohydrates apparent digestibility was higher for TFS5, while the NDF apparent digestibility of TFS5 and TFS4 was higher than TFS1. Diets promoted an average daily weight gain of 180.8 g/d. Under experimental conditions, the use of forage cactus pear and concentrate in the form of total mixed rations silage leads to greater intake of crude protein, non-fibrous carbohydrates, ether extract and greater digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrates and neutral detergent fiber, however, all diets were viable in the feed of confined sheep, providing gains of up to 198 g/d according with the formulation of the diet.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the positioning of the distal tip of central venous catheters and the factors that contributed to inadequate positioning in patients admitted to intensive care. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 246 medical records of patients admitted to intensive care units. A catheter position analysis form was used as an instrument for data collection. Results It was seen that 86.2% of catheters used in intensive care were centrally inserted in the internal jugular veins, 74.4% were double-lumen catheter, and ultrasound was employed for puncture technique in 84.6% of cases. Of the distal ends of the catheters, 53.7% were at the cavoatrial junction (correct position). According to statistical tests, there was a positive correlation between the inadequate positioning of the distal extremity with the central insertion catheter (p=0.012). Patients with presumptive diagnosis associated with COVID-19 showed a positive correlation with inappropriate positioning of the catheter distal tip (p=0.017). Conclusion There are extrinsic factors related to improper positioning of the distal tip of catheters, such as the type of catheter used, the patients’ diagnosis and the puncture with insertion in the left jugular vein.