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Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA DE QUITOSANAS E SEUS DERIVADOS: INFLUÊNCIA DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ESTRUTURAIS
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Macedo, Juliana B.

; Sanfelice, Rafaela C.

; Mercante, Luiza A.

; Santos, Danilo Martins dos

; Habitzreuter, Filipe

; Campana-Filho, Sérgio Paulo

; Pavinatto, Adriana

Química Nova

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jun 2022, Volume 45 N. 6 Pages 690 - 704

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of antimicrobial materials for different applications, especially in the biomedical field. In this context, chitosan is one of the most employed materials due to its highly attractive properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and fungi. In this review, we discuss the different methods used to obtain chitosan and point out how they affect the structural and chemical properties of this material, followed by a detailed discussion on how these properties influence its antimicrobial activities. Additionally, we summarize the most accepted antimicrobial mechanisms of action for chitosans. Specifically, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the last findings and progress reported in the literature on the factors that influence the antimicrobial activity of chitosan, e.g., polymeric average molecular weight ( M W ¯), average degree of acetylation ( D A ¯), water-soluble derivatization and sample degree of purity. The data available in the literature indicate that in addition to the structural properties, the effectiveness of such antimicrobial activity of chitosan is also dependent on the target microorganisms. This review will help researchers to better understand the mechanism of action of chitosan against microorganisms based on its structural characteristics.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170867

Retention of cemented zirconia copings on TiBase abutments
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Santos-Neto, Oswaldo S

; Gonçalves, Letícia M

; Maia-Filho, Etevaldo M

; Malheiros, Adriana S

; Firoozmand, Leily M

; Villis, Paulo CM

; Cardenas, Andres FM

; Tavarez, Rudys RJ

Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana

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dec 2021, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 214 - 220

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Este estudo avaliou influência dos cimentos resinosos e a base de ionômero de vidro na resistência à tração e os tipos de falhas de copings de zircônia cimentados sobre pilares TiBase. Foram confeccionadas 42 amostras, sendo estas formadas por implante cone morse, pilar de titânio (TiBase) com o parafuso de fixação e uma estrutura de zircônia (coping de Zr) confeccionado através do sistema CAD/CAM. As amostras (n =42) foram aleatoriamente distribuídas de acordo com o agente de cimentação: (cimento de ionômero de vidro modificado por resina [RelyXTMLuting2]; cimento resinoso autoadesivo [RelyXTM U200] e cimento resinoso autopolimerizavel (Multilink® N). Após cimentação dos copings, metade das amostras de cada grupo (n = 7) foram aleatoriamente selecionadas e submetidas a termociclagem (5000 ciclos). O Teste de resistência a tração foi realizado em uma máquina de ensaio universal, até que ocorresse a falha (1 mm/min). Adicionalmente, o tipo de falha foi analizado. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA two-way e post teste de Tukey’s (α = 0.05). Menor média de resistência a tração foi observada para o cimento de ionômero de vidro (p < 0,001) independente do período de avaliação. Após a termociclagem, foi verificada uma redução significativa nos valores de resistênca a tração, para os cimentos avaliados (p=0,047). Para os cimentos resinosos, as falhas foram predominantemente do tipo fratura do parafuso (82,1%) já com o uso do cimento de ionômero de vidro, 28,5% das falhas foram de tipo adesiva entre o coping de Zr e o cimento. Cimentos resinosos apresentam melhor estabilidade na resistência a tração em comparação a ionmeros de vidro resinosos na cimentação de copings de zircônia sobre pilares TiBase.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the influence of resin cements and glass ionomers on tensile strength and types of failure of zirconia copings cemented on titanium base abutments. Forty-two samples were prepared, which were formed by a Cone Morse implant, a titanium abutment with the fixing screw, and a zirconia structure made using a CAD/CAM system. The samples (n = 42) were randomly distributed according to the cementing agent: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RelyX Luting 2), self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200), and self-curing resin cement (Multilink N). After cementation of the copings, half of the samples from each group (n = 7) were randomly selected and subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles). A tensile load test was performed on a universal testing machine until failure occurred (1 mm). In addition, the type of failure was analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance test and Tukey’s post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Lower tensile load was observed for the glass ionomer cement (p < 0.001) regardless of the evaluation period. After thermocycling, a significant reduction in tensile load values was verified for both evaluated cements (p = 0.047). For the resin cements, failures were predominantly of the screw fracture type (82.1%) already with the use of glass ionomer cement, and 28.5% of the failures were of an adhesive type between the zirconia coping and the cement. Resin cements have better stability under tensile load compared to resin glass ionomers when cementing zirconia copings on titanium base abutments.

https://doi.org/10.54589/aol.34/3/214 78 downloads

Número ideal de amostras para avaliação da resistência do solo à penetração em área sob cultivo de eucalipto e mata nativa
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Fernandes, Kathleen

; Ribon, Adriana Aparecida

; Backes, Clarice

; Barros, Leonardo Rodrigues

; Santos, Alessandro José Marques

; Alves, Amanda Romeiro

; Santos, Yuri Luiz Augusto Dos

Ciencia del suelo

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jun 2021, Volume 39 N. 1 Pages 157 - 167

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO A resistência do solo à penetração (RP) é um atributo físico utilizado para quantificar a compactação do solo e a população amostral influenciar na média representativa, induzindo erros. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a RP em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico sob mata nativa e eucalipto. Foram realizadas amostras ao acaso em grupo de 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 e 100 a cada 0,10 m do solo até a camada de 0,6 m. Foram calculados os valores médios da RP, o intervalo de confiança e a exatidão da estimativa (D), a 0,05 de significância. Nas condições de estudo foi possível observar que a população apresenta alta confiabilidade, com erros abaixo de 10% e que na área cultivada o número de amostras necessários para avaliação da RP é maior que para o solo sob mata.

ABSTRACT Soil resistance to penetration (RP) is a physical attribute used to quantify soil compaction and the influence of the average representative sample population, causing errors. The objective of this work was to evaluate the RP in distrófico red Latosol under native forest and eucalyptus. Random samples were conducted in groups of 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100 every 0.10 m from the ground up to 0.6 m layer. Average values were calculated from the RP, the confidence interval and the accuracy of the estimate (D), the significance of 0.05. Under the conditions of study it was possible to observe that the population has high reliability, with errors below 10% and that in cultivated area the number of samples needed for evaluation of the RP is greater than to the ground under the Woods.

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Inflammatory Biomarkers and Carotid Thickness in HIV Infected Patients under Antiretroviral Therapy, Undetectable HIV-1 Viral Load, and Low Cardiovascular Risk
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Leite, Kaliene Maria Estevão

; Santos Júnior, Gerson Gomes

; Godoi, Emmanuelle T. A. M

; Vasconcelos, Adriana Ferraz

; Lorena, Virgínia Maria Barros

; Araújo, Paulo Sérgio Ramos

; Lima, Kledoaldo Oliveira

; Lacerda, Heloisa Ramos

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jan 2020, Volume 114 N. 1 Pages 90 - 97

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: As pessoas que vivem com HIV têm um risco aumentado de doença cardiovascular e espessamento da carótida, devido à inflamação causada pelo vírus, à terapia antirretroviral e a outros fatores de risco. No entanto, poucos estudos observaram a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares e espessamento carotídeo na população soropositiva com baixo risco cardiovascular e carga viral indetectável. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação entre níveis de marcadores inflamatórios e espessura da carótida em pessoas vivendo com HIV, sob terapia antirretroviral e com baixo risco cardiovascular. Métodos: Para determinar o baixo risco cardiovascular em ambos os grupos (indivíduos infectados e não-infectados pelo HIV), foi utilizado o Escore de Risco de Framingham. Os marcadores inflamatórios (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, sVCAM-1 e sICAM-1) foram avaliados por citometria de fluxo. A espessura da carótida (mm) foi mensurada por meio de ultrassom com Doppler. O nível de significância foi de p < 0,05. Resultados: Em pessoas vivendo com HIV, a idade e o tabagismo foram associados a alterações da espessura da carótida. No grupo não-HIV, idade e níveis mais altos de colesterol total e LDL foram associados ao aumento da espessura da carótida. Utilizando a análise multivariada, observou-se associação significativa entre os níveis de TNF-α e IL-1β e maior chance de desenvolvimento de aterosclerose no grupo com HIV. Conclusão: Ambos os grupos têm risco semelhante de desenvolver doença cardiovascular, portanto, nosso estudo demonstra que indivíduos HIV-positivos com carga viral indetectável em terapia antirretroviral sem inibidores de protease e com baixo risco cardiovascular não apresentam diferenças na espessura da carótida em relação aos indivíduos não-infectados.

Abstract Background: People living with HIV are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and carotid thickness, due to the inflammation caused by the virus, the antiretroviral therapy, and other risk factors. However, few studies have observed the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and carotid thickness in HIV-positive population at low cardiovascular risk and with undetectable viral load. Objectives: To evaluate the association between levels of inflammatory markers and carotid thickness in people living with HIV, under antiretroviral therapy and at low cardiovascular risk. Methods: To determine low cardiovascular risk in both groups (HIV infected and non-infected individuals), the Framingham Risk Score was used. Inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, sVCAM-1, and sICAM-1) were assessed using flow cytometry. Carotid thickness (mm) was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: In People living with HIV, age and smoking status were associated with carotid thickness alterations. In the non-HIV group, age, higher total cholesterol, and LDL levels were associated with increased carotid thickness. Using the multivariate analysis, a significant association between TNF-α and IL- 1( levels, and a higher chance of atherosclerosis development in HIV group were observed. Conclusions: Both groups have a similar risk for developing cardiovascular disease, therefore our study demonstrates that HIV-positive individuals with undetectable viral load in antiretroviral therapy without protease inhibitors and with low cardiovascular risk do not present differences in carotid thickness in relation to uninfected individuals.

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190230 688 downloads

Principal component analysis of linear measures of young horses national champions of Mangalarga Marchador breed
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Sellani, Mariana de Castro

; Rezende, Adalgiza Souza Carneiro de

; Arnhold, Emmanuel

; Carmo, Adriana Santana do

; Mascioli, Arthur dos Santos

; Mendes, Laydiane de Jesus

; Barcelos, Kate Moura da Costa

Ciência Rural

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2020, Volume 50 N. 12 elocation e20200258

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: A conformação pode estar diretamente relacionada a qualidade dos movimentos direcionando a seleção dos equinos por aptidão. Objetivou-se identificar quais medidas lineares explicam a variância total disponível nas marchas batida e picada em cavalos jovens da raça Mangalarga Marchador. As análises foram realizadas pela avaliação de 20 medidas lineares de 420 equinos campeões de exposições, separados por sexo (macho-M e fêmeas-F), tipo de marcha (batida-MB e picada-MP) e oito grupos etários. Utilizou-se análise de componentes principais (ACP) para identificar quais características eram mais importantes na determinação da variância das marchas, selecionando aquelas contidas em CP, cuja soma de autovalores foi capaz de explicar o percentual mínimo de 80% da variação total. O número de CP variou de acordo com as faixas etárias, sendo de 2 a 3 em M e F-MP, de 3 a 4 para M-MB e até 5 para F-MB, o que sugere menor variação em animais de MP, e maior em F-MB. Não houve padrão na quantidade de CP por classe etária demonstrando variações independentes entre categorias. A maior variância geral foi explicada pelo comprimento de canela posterior e perna. A grande variância no comprimento desses segmentos, independentemente de sexo, idade, tipo de marcha e o fato dos mesmos não serem mensurados cotidianamente, sugere que não ocorre somente a ausência de padronização, mas também há compensação de tamanho entre eles, visto que se avaliou apenas animais campeões da raça.

ABSTRACT: The conformation is directly related to the quality of the movements, and can direct the selection by equine aptitude. This study aimed to identify which are the morphometric measurements that explain the total variance available in the marcha batida and picada gaits of young Mangalarga Marchador horses. Analyses were performed by evaluating 20 linear measurements of 420 champion horses. Measures were separated by gender (male-M and female-F), type of marcha, (batida-MB e picada-MP) and divided into eight age groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify which measurements were most important in determining marcha variance by selecting principal component (PC) which sum of eigenvalues was able to explain the minimum percentage of 80% of the total variation. The PC number varied randomly according to age groups, being 2 to 3 in both genders in MP, 3 to 4 for M-MB, and up to 5 for F-MB, suggesting lower overall variability in MP, and higher in F-MB. There was no defined pattern concerning the amount of PC per age group, demonstrating that each category may have independent variations. Although, some repetitions of variables occurred similarly in different ages, sexes, and marcha types, the responsibility for the highest occurrence of variation was the posterior cannon and gaskin length. The significant variance in the length of these segments, regardless of gender, age, and marcha, and the fact they are not measured daily suggested there is not only a lack of standardization of these segments, but there is also size compensation among them since the group evaluated is composed of breed champions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200258 520 downloads

Growth, yield, nutrient accumulation and export and thermal sum of Italian zucchini
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Purquerio, Luis Felipe V

; Mattar, Gabriel S

; Duart, Adriana M

; Moraes, Carolina C de

; Araújo, Humberto S

; Santos, Fabrício Franco dos

Horticultura Brasileira

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jun 2019, Volume 37 N. 2 Pages 221 - 227

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Pesquisas com nutrição de plantas são essenciais para a correta fertilização, melhorando produtividade e qualidade do produto, além de poder contribuir para a atualização da recomendação. O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o crescimento, acúmulo e exportação de nutrientes, soma térmica e produtividade da cultivar Corona F1. O trabalho foi conduzido no período de 2 de agosto a 25 de outubro de 2013, em Santo Antônio de Posse-SP. Ao final do experimento, 84 dias após o transplante (DAT), a altura média observada foi de 95 cm com 36 folhas e produtividade máxima obtida de 45,8 t ha-1. Concluiu-se que o acúmulo de nutrientes, em g planta-1, foi de: N (14,2) > K (9,3) > Ca (8,0) > Mg (2,5) > S (1,2) > P (0,9) e em mg planta-1, de Mn (49,3) > Fe (34,9) > Zn (19,6) > B (16,4) > Cu (2,1) e a exportação, em kg ha-1, foi de N (94,9) > K (44,1) > Ca (43,0) > Mg (12,6) > S (6,3 ) > P (5,3), em g ha-1, Mn (271,0) > Fe (159,2) > Zn (105,6) > B (82,8) > Cu (11,9). A maior demanda por nutrientes ocorreu entre 40 e 50 DAT. A cultivar Corona F1 precisou de 1.538 graus dias para completar seu ciclo.

ABSTRACT Studies on plant nutrition are essential for a correct fertilizer management, improving yield and quality of the product, and it also may contribute for an updating recommendation. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth, nutrient accumulation and export, thermal sum and yield of zucchini cultivar Corona F1. The experiment was carried out from August 8 to October 25, 2013, in Santo Antônio de Posse, São Paulo State. At the end of the research, 84 days after transplanting (DAT), we observed 95 cm average height with 36 leaves and 45.8 t ha-1 maximum yield. The nutrient accumulation, in g plant-1, was: N (14.2) > K (9.3) > Ca (8.0) > Mg (2.5) > S (1.2) > P (0.9) and in mg plant-1, Mn (49.3) > Fe (34.9) > Zn (19.6) > B (16.4) > Cu (2.1) and export, in kg ha-1, was N (94.9) > K (44.1) > Ca (43.0) > Mg (12.6) > S (6.3 ) > P (5.3), in g ha-1, Mn (271.0) > Fe (159.2) > Zn (105.6) > B (82.8) > Cu (11.9). The highest nutrient demand occurred between 40 and 50 DAT. Cultivar Corona F1 cycle was completed within 1.538 degree-days.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190214 1053 downloads

Uso do projeto robusto para identificação de fatores que contribuem para a intensidade do aspecto de “casca de laranja” em superfície de para-choques pintados
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Souza, Bruno de

; Santos, Adriana de Paula Lacerda

; Santos Filho, Mauro Lacerda

Gestão & Produção

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sep 2018, Volume 25 N. 3 Pages 513 - 530

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Mesmo com a evolução considerável das técnicas de pintura automotiva nas últimas décadas, o para-choque é uma autopeça que ainda tem diversos problemas relacionados ao aspecto da sua superfície pintada. O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar os fatores de aplicação do verniz que interferem na intensidade do aspecto de casca de laranja em superfícies de para-choques pintados e propor uma combinação ótima dos fatores através da metodologia do projeto robusto. Na pesquisa realizada no setor de pintura automatizada de uma empresa de para-choques, o projeto robusto auxiliou na identificação das formas de variabilidade do processo de produção através da aplicação de um experimento e de técnicas estatísticas, de forma ágil e com pouco desperdício de material. O experimento testou várias combinações dos níveis dos fatores de aplicação do verniz (velocidade, vazão, rotação por minuto, alta tensão, ar modelador) em amostras de para-choques. A intensidade da casca de laranja em superfícies pintadas de verniz das amostras foi medida pelo equipamento Wave Scan, o qual fornece a leitura do comprimento de onda em função de duas medidas: Short Wave e Long Wave. Os principais resultados obtidos através da análise da variância da razão sinal ruído revelaram que os fatores que têm efeitos significativos no valor resposta do comprimento de onda Short Wave são: rotação por minuto, alta tensão além das interações vazão*alta tensão e velocidade*alta tensão. Já os fatores que afetaram significativamente o valor resposta do comprimento de onda Long Wave são: vazão, ar modelador, rotação por minuto, alta tensão e a interação velocidade*alta tensão. Como resultado da análise das médias do sinal ruído, foi apresentada neste trabalho a combinação ótima dos fatores: velocidade = 920 m/s; vazão = 160 mililitros/minuto; ar modelador = 180 bar; rotação = 90 rotações/minuto; alta tensão = 180 quilovolts.

Abstract Even with the considerable development of techniques for automotive paint in recent decades, the bumper is a car part that still has many problems related to the aspect of its painted surface. This study aimed to identify the clear coat application factors that affect on the intensity of orange peel appearance on painted bumpers surfaces and offer an optimum design of factors through the robust design methodology. In this research conducted in automated paint sector of a bumper company, the robust design helped in the identification of variability cause in a production process by applying an experiment and statistical techniques, in an agile and with little waste material way. The experiment tested various combinations of levels of the clear coat application factors (speed, flow, revolution per minute, operation voltage, atomizing air pressure) in the bumper samples. The intensity of the orange peel on coated surfaces samples was measured by a Wave Scan device that provides the wavelength reading as a function of two measures: Long Wave and Short Wave. The main results obtained by variance analysis of noise signal ratio showed that the factors that have significant effects on the value of the Short Wave response wavelength are: revolution per minute, operation voltage and the interactions flow*operation voltage and speed*operation voltage. The factors that significantly affected the response value of the Long Wave wavelength are: flow, atomizing air pressure, revolution per minute, operation voltage and the interaction speed*operation voltage. As a result of analysis of the noise signal mean, it is presented the factors optimum design: speed = 920 m / s; flow = 160 ml/min; atomizing air pressure = 180 bar; revolution per minute = 90 revolutions / minute; operation voltage = 180 kilovolts.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-530x3160-18 2561 downloads

Notes on marine algae in the International Biosphere Reserve Seaflower, Caribbean Colombia, VII: Additions to the benthic flora of San Andrés Island
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RINCÓN-DÍAZ, M. NATALIA

; GAVIO, BRIGITTE

; WYNNE, MICHAEL J.

; SANTOS-MARTÍNEZ, ADRIANA

Caldasia

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jun 2018, Volume 40 N. 1 Pages 97 - 111

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Se presentan diez nuevos reportes de especies de macroalgas rojas para la Reserva Internacional de la Biosfera Seaflower en el Mar Caribe. Cuatro taxones fueron previamente citados para el Caribe colombiano: Dohrniella antillarum, Halydictyon mirabile, Taenioma nanum y Aglaothamnion cordatum. Las restantes seis especies son nuevos registros para el país: Callithamniella tingitana, Frikkiella searlesii, Lejolisia exposita, Melanothamnus gorgoniae, Monosporus indicus y Wrangelia gordoniae. Todas las algas fueron colectadas en hábitat de arrecife coralino (9-17 m de profundidad), y todas las especies menos una son algas de tamaño diminuto, creciendo principalmente sobre coral muerto o como epifitas de algas más grandes. Se discuten las características morfológicas y reproductivas de cada especie, así como las novedades de su distribución.

ABSTRACT Ten species of red macroalgae are newly reported for the Seaflower International Biosphere Reserve in the Caribbean Sea. Of these taxa, four have been previously reported for the Colombian Caribbean: Dohrniella antillarum, Halydictyon mirabile, Taenioma nanum, and Aglaothamnion cordatum. The remaining six species are new records for the country: Callithamniella tingitana, Frikkiella searlesii, Lejolisia exposita, Melanothamnus gorgoniae, Monosporus indicus, and Wrangelia gordoniae. The algal material was collected in coral reef habitats (9-17 m depth), and all species but one are diminutive algae growing mostly on coral rubble or as epiphytes on larger algae. Their morphological features are discussed.

https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v40n1.64597 421 downloads

10.

Normative values of the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests in a Brazilian population sample: discrete and regression–based norms
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Damasceno, Alfredo

; Amaral, Juliana Machado Santiago dos Santos

; Barreira, Amilton Antunes

; Becker, Jefferson

; Callegaro, Dagoberto

; Campanholo, Kenia Repiso

; Damasceno, Luciana Azevedo

; Diniz, Denise Sisterolli

; Fragoso, Yara Dadalti

; Franco, Paula S

; Finkelsztejn, Alessandro

; Jorge, Frederico M H

; Lana–Peixoto, Marco Aurélio

; Matta, Andre Palma da Cunha

; Mendonça, Andréia Costa Rabelo

; Noal, Janaína

; Paes, Renata Alves

; Papais–Alvarenga, Regina Maria

; Pereira, Adriana Gutterres

; Spedo, Carina Tellaroli

; Damasceno, Benito Pereira

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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mar 2018, Volume 76 N. 3 Pages 163 - 169

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo Disfunção cognitiva é comum em pacientes com esclerose múltipla. Por isto, a Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB–N) foi desenvolvida para avaliar as funções cognitivas mais frequentemente alteradas na doença. Entretanto, estão faltando dados normativos desta bateria no Brasil. Assim, nosso objetivo foi fornecer valores normativos contínuos e discretos da BRB–N para a população brasileira. Métodos Foram recrutados 285 indivíduos sadios da comunidade em 10 centros do Brasil e aplicada a versão A em 237 e a versão B em 48 sujeitos. Normas contínuas foram calculadas com análise de regressão múltipla. Resultados Escores brutos médios e 5°percentil para cada subteste são fornecidos, estratificados por idade e nível educacional. Os escores brutos dos sujeitos sadios foram convertidos em escores de escalas e postos em regressão quanto a idade, sexo e educação, fornecendo equações que podem ser usadas para calcular escores previsíveis. Conclusão Nossos dados normativos permitem um uso mais amplo da BRB–N na prática clínica e na pesquisa, fornecendo normas para dados discretos e contínuos. Normas para dados discretos deveriam ser usadas com cuidado e escores demograficamente ajustados são geralmente preferidos quando interpretando dados neuropsicológicos.

ABSTRACT Objective Cognitive dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis. The Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests (BRB–N) was developed to assess cognitive functions most–frequently impaired in multiple sclerosis. However, normative values are lacking in Brazil. Therefore, we aimed to provide continuous and discrete normative values for the BRB–N in a Brazilian population sample. Methods We recruited 285 healthy individuals from the community at 10 Brazilian sites and applied the BRB–N version A in 237 participants and version B in 48 participants. Continuous norms were calculated with multiple–regression analysis. Results Mean raw scores and the 5th percentile for each neuropsychological measure are provided, stratified by age and educational level. Healthy participants' raw scores were converted to scaled scores, which were regressed on age, sex and education, yielding equations that can be used to calculate predicted scores. Conclusion Our normative data allow a more widespread use of the BRB–N in clinical practice and research.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180006 2450 downloads

11.

Recovery of a dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) and pasture as a function of gypsum in the Cerrado biome
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Backes, Clarice

; Santos, Alessandro José Marques

; Rodrigues, Lucas Matheus

; Teodoro, Arthur Gabriel

; Ribon, Adriana Aparecida

; Villas Bôas, Roberto Lyra

; Pereira, Lorena Marques

; Franco, Yago Magalhães

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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apr 2017, Volume 46 N. 4 Pages 286 - 295

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical effects of gypsum on the soil and on the recovery of a pasture established with palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) in a Cerrado biome region. A randomized block experimental design with six treatments and four replications was adopted. Treatments consisted of five levels of gypsum (0, 450, 900, 1800, and 3600 kg ha−1) plus an unmanaged control treatment (without gypsum or additional chemical fertilizers). The gypsum treatments received addition of fertilizer (200 and 40 kg ha−1 of N and P respectively). The soil treatment started in October 2012. The application of gypsum provided an increase in plant height, number of tillers, and dry matter of the shoots of palisade grass. Gypsum combined with chemical fertilizers provided an increase in productivity compared with chemical fertilizers alone. The use of gypsum improved the chemical characteristics of the soil, increasing calcium and sulfur in the deeper layers, consequently, providing greater development of the palisade grass root system. High gypsum levels impaired the development of the root system, especially in the 0.20–0.40 m layer. Gypsum provides recovery of soil and degraded pastures.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1806-92902017000400003 990 downloads

12.

Mineralogia, geoquímica e evolução da lateritização em Apuí, sudeste do Amazonas
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Albuquerque, Márcio Fernando dos Santos

; Horbe, Adriana Maria Coimbra

Brazilian Journal of Geology

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dec 2015, Volume 45 N. 4 Pages 569 - 590

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Análises químicas, DRX e MEV realizadas em bauxitas, crostas ferruginosas e ferro-alumino-silicosas, aliadas ao estudo do relevo, tiveram por objetivo discutir os processos que levaram a formação e preservação das crostas lateríticas ao longo do tempo geológico no sudeste do Amazonas. As crostas são maciças, pisolíticas, brechóides e vermiformes, sustentam platôs e colinas com altitudes entre 200 e 320 m e 140 e 200 m, e desenvolveram-se a partir de rochas ígneas e sedimentares dos grupos Colíder e Alto Tapajós e do Supergrupo Sumaúma. A correlação entre os produtos da lateritização e as rochas identificou três associações: (1) congrega arenitos, vulcânicas e siltitos em razão da associação SiO2-Ba-Rb; (2) agrupa bauxitas e solos relacionados Al2O3-TiO2-PF-Y-Ta-Nb-U-Th-Ga-Hf-Zr-ETR; (3) reúne a bauxita pisolítica, crostas ferruginosas e ferro-alumino-silicosas vinculadas a Fe2O3-Ag-As-Ni-Pb-V. Aspectos geoquímicos e a ausência de seixos quartzosos indicam que o protólito da bauxita maciça e do solo sobrejacente é a rocha vulcânica, enquanto a bauxita pisolítica e a crosta vermiforme ferro-alumino-silicosa derivam dos arenitos do Supergrupo Sumaúma, e as demais crostas ferruginosas a ferro-alumino-silicosas correlacionam-se ao Grupo Alto Tapajós. As ações erosivas foram facilitadas pela incisão dos rios Aripuanã, Acari e Sucunduri; pelo condicionamento de grábens e horsts; e pelas épocas mais secas no Quaternário Amazônico, que resultaram em relevo dissecado, perfis truncados, formação de linhas de pedra e solo pouco espesso.

Chemical analysis, XRD and SEM carried out in bauxites, Fe-rich and siliceous Fe-Al duricrusts of southeast of Amazonas state, associated to relief study, aimed to discuss the process that led to the formation and preservation of crusts through the geologic time. The crusts are massive, pisolitic, fragmental and vermiform textures, and support plateaus and hills with elevation between 200 to 320 m and 140 to 200 m, and developed from igneous and sedimentary rocks of Colíder and Alto Tapajós Group's and Supergroup Sumaúma. The correlation among lateritization products and rocks were defined for three main geochemistry associations: (1) that includes sandstones, volcanics and siltstones due to the association SiO2-Ba-Rb; (2) gathers bauxites and soils related to Al2O3-TiO2-PF-Y-Ta-Nb-U-Th-Ga-Hf-Zr-ETR; (3) brings together the pisolitic bauxite, Fe-rich and siliceous Fe-Al duricrusts assigned to Fe2O3- Ag-As-Ni-Pb-V. Geochemistry aspects and absence of quartz pebbles were used to recognize the protolith of bauxites and lateritic duricrusts, therefore massive bauxite and the overlapped soil belong to volcanics rocks. Sandstones of Supergroup Sumaúma are correlated with pisolitic bauxites and vermiform siliceous Fe-Al duricrust, however Alto Tapajós Group is related to the other crusts. The erosion was facilitated by the incision of Aripuanã, Acari and Sucunduri rivers; by the conditioning of grabens and horsts; and by dry seasons in Quaternary Amazonian that promoted the formation of truncated profiles with stone line exposures, dissected relief and thin soil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-488920150030281 3202 downloads

13.

ESTRUTURA E USO POTENCIAL DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS EM FLORESTA MANEJADA, PA MOJU, SANTARÉM-PARÁ
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Corrêa, Viviane Vasconcelos

; Gama, João Ricardo Vasconcellos

; Ribeiro, Renato Bezerra da Silva

; Alves, Adriana Ferreira

; Vieira, Diego dos Santos

; Ximenes, Lucas Cunha

CERNE

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jun 2015, Volume 21 N. 2 Pages 293 - 300

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar a fitossociologia e o uso múltiplo das espécies arbóreas em floresta manejada na comunidade Actaaia, Assentamento Moju I e II, Santarém-Pará. Foram amostrados 10 ha de floresta manejada, alocando-se, sistematicamente, 20 parcelas de 20 m x 250 m e mensuradas todas as árvores com DAP ≥ 10 cm. Foram encontradas 128 espécies, pertencentes a 37 famílias botânicas. A diversidade pelo Índice de Shannon foi 4,04, que resultou em 83% da diversidade máxima da amostra. Cada espécie foi representada, em média, por oito indivíduos e a densidade e área basal foram 341,83 árv.ha-¹ e 18,05 m².ha-¹, respectivamente. A floresta remanescente apresentou espécies com potencial madeireiro e não madeireiro, para a utilização pela comunidade; a ocorrência de 58% de espécies com, pelo menos, dois usos revelou a importância de estudar as suas funcionalidades para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos comunitários, o que deve ser considerado em um plano de manejo florestal comunitário.

The study aimed to analyze the phytosociology and multipurpose tree species use in a managed forest in the Actaaia community, Settlement Moju I and II, Santarém, Pará. 10 ha of managed forest were sampled, systematically allocating 20 plots of 20 m x 250 m, with all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm measured. 128 species belonging to 37 families were found. The Shannon diversity index was 4.04, which resulted in 83% of the maximum diversity of the sample. Each species was represented on average by eight individuals and the density and basal area were 341.83 trees.ha-1 and 18.05 m².ha-1, respectively. After exploration, the forest contained species with timber and non-timber potential use by the community, with the occurrence of 58% of species with at least two uses, revealing the importance of studying their features to improve the quality of life of the community, which should be considered in a community forest management plan.

https://doi.org/10.1590/01047760201521021488 2216 downloads

14.

Comparação estrutural entre floresta manejada e não manejada na comunidade Santo Antônio, Estado do Pará
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Vieira, Diego dos Santos

; Gama, João Ricardo Vasconcellos

; Ribeiro, Renato Bezerra da Silva

; Ximenes, Lucas Cunha

; Corrêa, Viviane Vasconcelos

; Alves, Adriana Ferreira

Ciência Florestal

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dec 2014, Volume 24 N. 4 Pages 1067 - 1074

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e comparar a composição florística e estrutura horizontal da floresta manejada (FM) e da floresta não manejada (FNM). Utilizou-se amostragem casual estratificada com 12 parcelas na FM e 12 na FNM. Em parcelas de 28 x 350 m mensuraram-se todos os indivíduos com circunferência a altura do peito (CAP) maior ou igual a 31,4 cm e menor do que 94,2 cm (nível I de inclusão), subparcelas de 28 x 100 m, os indivíduos com 94,2 cm ≤ CAP <157,1 cm (nível de inclusão II), subparcelas de 28 x 250 m e indivíduos com CAP ≥ 157,1 m (nível de inclusão III). Em ambas as florestas foram encontradas 216 espécies, distribuídas em 44 famílias botânicas. A FNM apresentou maior índice de diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H')(H'= 4,47). A composição florística, na FM, não sofreu alterações significativas durante o manejo empresarial realizado. Entretanto, houve alterações significativas de riqueza e área basal entre FM e FNM devido à colheita realizada que implicou na retirada de indivíduos em classes comerciais e também ao dano causado às árvores remanescentes. As espécies de maior importância ecológica em FNM foram Rinorea guianensis Aubl (Violaceae), Pouteria bilocularis (H. Winkler) Baehni (Sapotaceae) e Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (Fabaceae). Em FM foram Rinorea guianensis Aubl (Violaceae), Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier (Sapotaceae) e Eschweilera coriacea (DC.) S.A. Mori (Lecythidaceae). Para o período considerado, a área basal parece estar se recuperando adequadamente.

The aim of this study was to analyze and to compare the floristic composition and horizontal structure of managed forest (FM) and unmanaged forest (FNM). A stratified random sampling was used with 12 plots in the FM and 12 plots in the FNM. In plots of 28 x 350 m, all individuals with circumference at breast height (CAP) greater than or equal to 31.4 cm and smaller than 94.2 cm (inclusion level I) were measured, plots of 28 x 100 m, individuals with ≤ 94.2 cm CAP <157.1 cm (inclusion level II), plots of 28 x 250 m individuals with CAP ≥ 157.1 m (inclusion level III). In both forests 216 species were found, distributed in 44 botanical families. The FNM had a higher diversity index of Shannon-Weaver (H ') (H' = 4.47). The floristic composition, in the FM did not change significantly during the forest management. However, there were significant changes in richness and basal area between FM and FNM because of the harvesting done which resulted in the removal of individuals in commercial classes and also to the damage caused to the remaining trees. The most important species in ecological FNM were RinoreaguianensisAubl (Violaceae), Pouteriabilocularis (H. Winkler) Baehni (Sapotaceae) and Sclerolobiumpaniculatum Vogel (Fabaceae). In FM, were RinoreaguianensisAubl (Violaceae), Manilkarahuberi (Ducke) Chevalier (Sapotaceae) and Eschweileracoriacea (DC.) S.A.Mori (Lecythidaceae). For the period considered, the basal area seems to be recovering properly.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-509820142404025 1252 downloads

15.

Immunological assays employed for the elucidation of an histoplasmosis outbreak in São Paulo, SP
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Passos, Angela Noronha

; Kohara, Valdelene Sayuri

; Freitas, Roseli Santos de

; Vicentini, Adriana Pardini

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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dec 2014, Volume 45 N. 4 Pages 1357 - 1361

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Several reports showed outbreaks of histoplasmosis acquired while bat-inhabited caves were visited by tourists, miners or researchers. We evaluated the performance of double immunodifusion (DI) and immunoblotting (IB) assays, employed for the histoplasmosis outbreak elucidation occurred in Vale do Paraíba, São Paulo. The existence of epidemiologic link, four patients with clinical signs suggestive of histoplasmosis and mycological confirmation has made that all 35 individuals involved to the cave visit were subjected to serological evaluation. By DI, we observed reactivity against H. capsulatum antigen in a single serum examined nearly 20 days after exposure to fungal propagules. On the other hand, IB showed reactivity against H and M fractions in 50% of samples evaluated. The analysis of the second sample batch, collected two months after the exposure showed that 96.7% were reactive by DI with antibodies titers ranging from 1 to 16 and 100% of reactivity against H and M fractions, by IB, suggesting an acute infection. The analysis of the overall agreement between the methods showed to be reasonable (κ = 0.37). This study confirms the importance and efficacy of more sensitive methodologies, such as IB assay, to early elucidation of disease, especially in cases of patients without mycological information.

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