Resumen El juego de ficción, aquel que comporta la creación de una situación imaginaria, ha sido un objeto de estudio privilegiado en la psicología del desarrollo y se ha señalado su rol en el desarrollo de funciones psicológicas complejas. Recientemente, gracias a la utilización de herramientas de análisis de las artes temporales, se ha documentado una nueva forma de juego, el juego con las formas de la vitalidad, cuyo foco es la repetición y variación de motivos sonoro-kinéticos de modo interactivo, en detrimento de cualquier contenido figurativo. Se ha observado que durante el tercer año de vida este tipo de juego se presenta de modo combinado con el juego de ficción y que en esos casos podría ser parte del andamiaje del desarrollo del juego de ficción. El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un microanálisis de los sonidos y movimientos de una escena de juego de ficción combinado con juego con las formas de la vitalidad de una niña de 1 año y 11 meses de edad, con el fin de conocer cómo se produce dicho andamiaje. Entre los resultados se destacan la presencia de sincronía interactiva basada en un pulso subyacente, la construcción de una mutualidad entre adulto e infante a partir de la calidad de los motivos compartidos, la ampliación del espacio de juego y el sostenimiento de la atención conjunta y la fluidez interactiva.

Abstract The pretend play, one that involves the creation of an imaginary situation, has been a privileged object of study in developmental psychology framed in the linguistic turn. Its important role in the development of complex psychological functions, such as language, theory of mind or narrative capacity, has been pointed out. In recent years, there has been a change in focus in the human sciences that has been dubbed the corporal turn: a re-focus on the analysis and conceptualization of bodily aspects that are at the base of various cognitive capacities. Thanks to the use of analysis tools typical of the temporal arts –such as music and dance– to the field of cognitive psychology, a new form of play has been documented in early childhood: the forms of vitality play. It recovers the idea of forms of vitality from Stern (2010), which refers to affects that cannot be reflected in the lexicon of Darwinian emotions. The forms of vitality are a Gestalt, an emergent property where movement, time, force, space and directionality/intentionality are integrated; they are a fundamental property of multimodal exchanges in the adult-baby dyad as well as of the experience, as spectator or performer, of non-figurative temporal arts such as dance and music. The forms of vitality play arise as a reconceptualization of the notion of musical play and is considered a reissue of early social play with a symmetrical participation of the child in the composition of play. It is defined as any pleasant or self-remunerative activity, in which motifs of movements and/or sounds are elaborated according to the repetition-variation form, at the expense of any figurative content. The forms of vitality play have been observed in the third year of the child’s life and it has been pointed out that it can manifest in a simple way or in combination with the pretend play. Likewise, it was suggested that when the pretend play is presented in combination with the forms of vitality play, the latter could be scaffolding the pretend play, although how this happens has not been clearly specified. The objective of the present study is to carry out a microanalysis of the sounds and movements of a pretend play scene combined with forms of vitality play of a girl of 1 year and 11 months of age and an adult, in order to know how such scaffolding is produced. The sound envelope was analyzed in order to identify and describe the timing of the sounds. Regarding movement, specialized software was used to graph its trajectory and for the analysis of the expression of movements, the basic categories “Shape and Effort” of the Laban-Bartenieff system of movement analysis were used (Laban, 1971). The results indicate the presence of interactive synchrony based on an underlying pulse that sustains mutuality between the players and provides a temporal structure on which the synchrony of the self can be anchored. Furthermore, it allows the sharing of continuity and contrast in the quality of sounds and movements and thus provides the dyad with a primary level of understanding with non-mediated meanings; promotes the exploration of the play space and the expansion of the potential of the fictional scene; it favors the maintenance of joint attention and mutual understanding through ontogenetically pre-fiction semiotic mechanisms, which favor the interactive fluidity of play.

Resumen La producción comercial de semillas germinadas de palma africana (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) tarda 150 días, dando lugar al desarrollo de infecciones causadas por patógenos. Con el objetivo de disminuir el tiempo de producción de semillas germinadas de palma aceitera africana y preservar su estado fitosanitario, se evaluaron cuatro factores: i) tres niveles de imbibición antes de ingresar a calentamiento, ii) dos periodos de calentamiento, iii) dos niveles de imbibición antes de ingresar a cuartos de germinación y iv) dos inductores: ácido salicílico (AS) y ácido β aminobutírico (BABA) en dosis de 1 mM y 2,5 mM, respectivamente; como resultado se obtuvo un total de 24 tratamientos más un testigo. Se evaluaron 30 semillas por tratamiento y por repetición procedentes de un mismo racimo tipo Dura, con cero días de almacenamiento. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial +1, asistido por la prueba de Tukey al 5%. Los resultados mostraron que las semillas que estuvieron durante la primera imbibición 6 días en agua y 2 días en BABA o en AS, más 20 días de calentamiento, presentaron en 82 días el mayor porcentaje de germinación óptima (34,44% y 23,89%, respectivamente), y el tratamiento que estuvo durante la primera imbibición 6 días en agua y 2 días en BABA, más 20 días de calentamiento, logró el mayor porcentaje de germinación óptima (40%). El testigo presentó mayor incidencia de enfermedades (79%) con respecto a los factores (16%). Los hallazgos del estudio podrían usarse para disminuir el tiempo de germinación de semillas y los daños provocados por patógenos.

Abstract The commercial production of germinated of African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) seeds, it takes 150 days, giving place to the development of infections caused by pathogens. With the aim of reducing the production time of germinated seeds of African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and preserve their phytosanitary status, four factors were evaluated: three levels of imbibition before taking the seeds to heating, two periods of heating, two levels of imbibition before entering the germination rooms, and two inductors: Salicylic Acid (SA) and β- aminobutyric Acid (BABA) in doses of 1 mM and 2.5 mM respectively. This results in a total of 24 treatments in addition of the control. A total of 30 seeds were evaluated per treatment and per repetition from the same Dura type bunch, with zero days of storage. A completely random design with factorial arrangement +1 was used, assisted by Tukey's test at 5 %. The results showed that the seeds that stayed during the first imbibition for 6 days in water, 2 days in GABA or in AS before entering heating, and with 20 days of heating, presented in 82 days the highest percentage of optimal germination (34.44 % and 23.89 %, respectively). and the treatment that was during the first imbibition 6 days in water and 2 days in GABA, and 20 days of heating, achieved the highest percentage of optimal germination (40 %). The control showed higher incidence of diseases (79 %) with respect to the other factors (16 %). Study findings could be used to decrease seed germination time and damage caused by pathogens.

Abstract Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR). CFTR is a protein that transports ions across the membrane of lung epithelial cells. Loss of its function leads to the production of thick sticky mucus, where various bacterial pathogens can establish and adapt, contributing to the gradual loss of lung function. In this review, evidence of the molecular mechanisms used by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia to survive and persist in the pulmonary environment will be provided. Additionally, new therapeutic strategies based on CFTR function modulators will be described.

Resumen La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad hereditaria autosómica recesiva que se origina por mutaciones en el gen regulador de conductancia transmembranal de la fibrosis quística (CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). El CFTR es una proteína que transporta iones a través de la membrana de las células epiteliales pulmonares. La pérdida de su función conlleva la producción de un moco pegajoso y espeso, donde se pueden establecer y adaptar diversos patógenos bacterianos que contribuyen a la pérdida gradual de la función pulmonar. En este artículo de revisión se dará evidencia de los mecanismos moleculares que utilizan Pseudomonas aeruginosa y Burkholderia cenocepacia para sobrevivir y persistir en el ambiente pulmonar. Adicionalmente, se describirán las nuevas estrategias de terapia a base de moduladores de la función del CFTR.

Resumen Introducción: El SARS-CoV-2 es el nombre para el nuevo betacoronavirus, que fue descubierto y aislado por primera vez en Wuhan, China, a fines de diciembre de 2019, y es el agente causal de la emergencia sanitaria del COVID-19. Estudios experimentales han demostrado susceptibilidad a la infección en mascotas (perros y gatos). Objetivo: Presentar la información actual sobre el SARS-CoV-2 en animales bajo el cuidado de humanos que han sido oficialmente reportados en los registros sanitarios del Sistema Mundial de Información Sanitaria Animal (WAHIS) de la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa utilizando Medline/PubMed, Scopus y Web of Sciences, y documentos oficiales de la Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal. Los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron los siguientes: "coronavirus", "SARS coronavirus 2019", "SARS-CoV", "SARS-CoV-2 en perro y/o gato" "mascotas SARS-CoV-2". Resultados: Los estudios revisados en este manuscrito destacan que los casos positivos en gatos y perros para SARS-CoV-2 se han asociado con una exposición a personas positivas para COVID-19. En la evidencia disponible, el 55,17 % del total de casos de animales positivos para SARS-CoV-2 estaban asociados a personas con COVID-19 que tenían la enfermedad en casa, posiblemente por mantener una mayor exposición a los humanos. Conclusión: En cuanto a los aspectos zoonóticos, es importante aclarar que si bien varias especies animales han sido infectadas por el SARS-CoV-2, ninguna de ellas ha demostrado científicamente que represente un riesgo de transmisión directa entre animales positivos y otros humanos o que juegue un papel epidemiológico en la enfermedad.

Resumo Introdução: SARS-CoV-2 é o nome do novo betacoronavírus, que foi descoberto e isolado pela primeira vez em Wuhan, China, no final de dezembro de 2019, e é o agente causal da emergência sanitária COVID-19. Estudos experimentais mostraram suscetibilidade à infecção em animais de estimação (cães e gatos). Objetivo: Apresentar as informações atuais sobre SARS-CoV-2 em animais sob cuidados humanos que foram oficialmente notificados nos registros sanitários do World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) da Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa utilizando Medline/PubMed, Scopus e Web of Sciences e documentos oficiais da Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal. Os termos de pesquisa utilizados foram os seguintes: "coronavírus", "SARS coronavirus 2019", "SARS-CoV", "SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and/ or cats" "SARS-CoV-2 pets". Resultados: Os estudos revisados neste manuscrito destacam que casos positivos em gatos e cães para SARS-CoV-2 foram associados à exposição a pessoas positivas para COVID-19. Nas evidências disponíveis, 55,17 % do total de casos animais positivos para SARS-CoV-2 foram associados a pessoas com COVID-19 que tiveram a doença em casa, possivelmente devido à maior exposição a humanos. Conclusão: Em relação aos aspectos zoonóticos, é importante esclarecer que, embora várias espécies animais tenham sido infectadas pelo SARS-CoV-2, nenhuma de las foi cientificamente comprovada como representando risco de transmissão direta entre animais positivos e outros humanos ou que desempenhe um papel papel epidemiológico da doença.

Abstract Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 is the denomination of the new betacoronavirus, which was discovered and isolated for the first time in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019, and it is the causal agent of the sanitary emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. Experimental studies have shown susceptibility to infection in pets (dogs and cats). Objective: To present the current information available on SARS-CoV-2 in animals under the care of humans that have been officially reported in the sanitary registries of the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS) of the World Organization for Animal Health. Materials and methods: We conducted a narrative review using Medline/ PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and official documents of the World Organisation for Animal Health. The search terms used were as follows: "coronavirus", "SARS coronavirus 2019", "SARS-CoV", "SARS-CoV-2 in dog and/or cat" "pets SARS-CoV-2". Results: The studies reviewed in this manuscript highlight those positive cases in cats and dogs for SARS-CoV-2 have been associated with an exposure to positive COVID-19 people. In the available evidence, 55.17 % of the total cases of animals that were positive for SARS-CoV-2 were associated with people with COVID-19 who had the disease at home, possibly due to maintaining a longer exposure to the humans. Conclusion: Regarding the zoonotic aspects, it is important to clarify that although several animal species have been infected by SARS-CoV-2, none of them has been scientifically proven to represent a risk of direct transmission between positive animals and other humans or to play an epidemiological role in the disease.

Abstract Background: Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with its main target being exocrine glands, and is the connective tissue disease more frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of another autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD) developed in primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) patients and to describe it’s clinical, serological and histologic characteristics. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Data of patients with pSS diagnosis (American-European criteria 2002), included in the GESSAR database (Grupo de Estudio Síndrome de Sjögren, Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología) were analyzed. The development of a second ARD was registered during the follow up. Results: 681 patients were included, 94.8% female. The mean age was 54 (SD 14) years and mean age at diagnosis of 50 (SD 13) years. The mean follow-up was 4.7 (SD 4.9) years; 30 patients (4.41%, CI 95%: 3.1–5.7) developed a second ARD during the follow up, incidence rate was 9.1/1000 patients-year (IR 95%: 5.8–12.4/1000 patients-year), the most frequent being rheumatoid arthritis (RA). 96% out of these 30 patients had xerophthalmia, 86.2% xerostomia, 92% positive Schirmer test, 88.24% positive Rosa Bengala test, lisamine green or Ocular Staining Score, 81.2% positive unstimulated salivary flow, 82.1% Ro(+) and 33.33% La(+). Minor salivary gland biopsy had been performed in 14 of the 30 patients, 12 with positive results. There were no statistically significant differences respect baseline characteristics when comparing the patients who developed another ARD to the ones that did not. Conclusions: Of all the patients analyzed, 4.4% presented another ARD during their follow-up. It is important to be aware of this, to make an early and proper diagnosis and treatment of our patients. Key points Patients with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome may develop another connective tissue disease during follow-up. The most frequently connective tissue disease developed during follow-up in the population of patients with primary Sjogren’s Syndrome studied was rheumatoid arthritis. It is important to be aware of this to make an early and proper diagnosis.

Resumo Estudo transversal conduzido na zona rural de Coari (AM) com o objetivo de identificar padrões alimentares de 492 ribeirinhos da região do médio rio Solimões e fatores associados. Utilizou-se um questionário de frequência alimentar breve na avaliação do consumo alimentar. Padrões alimentares foram identificados a partir da análise de componentes principais, analisaram-se associações entre cada padrão e variáveis sociodemográficas utilizando-se modelos lineares generalizados. Identificaram-se quatro padrões alimentares: “vegetais” (vegetais, tubérculos, frutas); “brasileiro” (frango, ovos, arroz, feijão); “ribeirinho tradicional” (peixe, farinha, leite); “carnes e doces” (carnes de caça e de porco, doces). O padrão “vegetais” associou-se a escolaridade (p = 0,001), número de cômodos da residência (p = 0,005) e menor distância da área urbana (p = 0,004). O “brasileiro” associou-se a sexo feminino (p = 0,013), maior renda (p < 0,001) e menor distância da área urbana (p = 0,001). O padrão “ribeirinho tradicional” associou-se à distância da área urbana (p < 0,001), e o padrão “carnes e doces” a idade (p = 0,029), escolaridade (p < 0,001) e distância da área urbana (p = 0,003). O caráter extrativista da alimentação ribeirinha está presente nas comunidades mais isoladas, e o consumo de outros alimentos foi associado a melhores condições sociais.

Abstract This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 492 riverine residents in the rural area of Coari (AM) to identify food patterns in the mid-Solimões river region and associated factors. Food intake was evaluated using a brief Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. The association with socioeconomic variables was evaluated using generalized linear models. Four dietary patterns were identified: “vegetables” (vegetables, tubers, fruit); “Brazilian” (chicken, eggs, rice, beans); “traditional riverine” (fish, flour, milk); “meat and candies” (game and pork, candies). The “vegetable” pattern was associated with education (p = 0.001), number of rooms in the house (p = 0.005) and greater proximity to urban areas (p = 0.004). The “Brazilian” pattern was associated with the female sex (0.013), higher income (p < 0.001) and greater proximity to urban areas (p = 0.001). The “traditional riverine” pattern was associated with distance from the urban area (p < 0.001), and the “meat and candies” pattern was associated with age (p = 0.029), education (p < 0.001) and proximity to urban areas (p = 0.003). The extractive nature of riverine food intake is still present in more isolated communities, and consumption of other food items was associated with better social conditions.

Resumo Estudo transversal conduzido na zona rural de Coari (AM) com o objetivo de identificar padrões alimentares de 492 ribeirinhos da região do médio rio Solimões e fatores associados. Utilizou-se um questionário de frequência alimentar breve na avaliação do consumo alimentar. Padrões alimentares foram identificados a partir da análise de componentes principais, analisaram-se associações entre cada padrão e variáveis sociodemográficas utilizando-se modelos lineares generalizados. Identificaram-se quatro padrões alimentares: “vegetais” (vegetais, tubérculos, frutas); “brasileiro” (frango, ovos, arroz, feijão); “ribeirinho tradicional” (peixe, farinha, leite); “carnes e doces” (carnes de caça e de porco, doces). O padrão “vegetais” associou-se a escolaridade (p = 0,001), número de cômodos da residência (p = 0,005) e menor distância da área urbana (p = 0,004). O “brasileiro” associou-se a sexo feminino (p = 0,013), maior renda (p < 0,001) e menor distância da área urbana (p = 0,001). O padrão “ribeirinho tradicional” associou-se à distância da área urbana (p < 0,001), e o padrão “carnes e doces” a idade (p = 0,029), escolaridade (p < 0,001) e distância da área urbana (p = 0,003). O caráter extrativista da alimentação ribeirinha está presente nas comunidades mais isoladas, e o consumo de outros alimentos foi associado a melhores condições sociais.

Abstract This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 492 riverine residents in the rural area of Coari (AM) to identify food patterns in the mid-Solimões river region and associated factors. Food intake was evaluated using a brief Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and principal component analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. The association with socioeconomic variables was evaluated using generalized linear models. Four dietary patterns were identified: “vegetables” (vegetables, tubers, fruit); “Brazilian” (chicken, eggs, rice, beans); “traditional riverine” (fish, flour, milk); “meat and candies” (game and pork, candies). The “vegetable” pattern was associated with education (p = 0.001), number of rooms in the house (p = 0.005) and greater proximity to urban areas (p = 0.004). The “Brazilian” pattern was associated with the female sex (0.013), higher income (p < 0.001) and greater proximity to urban areas (p = 0.001). The “traditional riverine” pattern was associated with distance from the urban area (p < 0.001), and the “meat and candies” pattern was associated with age (p = 0.029), education (p < 0.001) and proximity to urban areas (p = 0.003). The extractive nature of riverine food intake is still present in more isolated communities, and consumption of other food items was associated with better social conditions.

Abstract: Rodents influence the processes of succession and regeneration in tropical forests, functioning as important dispersers and predators of seeds and plants. In this study, we describe aspects of the population structure and dynamics, and characterize the microhabitat and composition of the feces of the semi-tree-dwelling rodents Peromyscus yucatanicus and Peromyscus mexicanus in tropical forests of Quintana Roo and Veracruz, in Mexico. We trapped Peromyscus yucatanicus with 122 Sherman traps between 2.00 to 10.00 m of height in 62 trees. Peromyscus mexicanus was trapped with 105 Sherman traps between 0 to 11.00 m of height on 57 trees. We characterized the microhabitat, identified the trees, and calculated the canopy openness in the sites where individuals were trapped. We collected the feces of each species from inside the traps and were analyzed to know their composition. From September 2014 to February 2015, we captured 48 individuals of Peromyscus yucatanicus at an average height of 2.58 m above ground level. Its population density was 26.60 ind/ha, with reproductive activity in the dry season. The average canopy openness was 7.75 %. Their feces mainly contained seeds, fruit pulp and starch. From March to September of 2015, we recorded 54 individuals of Peromyscus mexicanus at an average height of 1.15 m. Its population density was 20.83 ind/ha, with reproductive activity in both dry and rainy seasons. The canopy openness was 4.78 % (dry season) and 4.50 % (rainy season). Their feces mainly contained fruit pulp, starch and chitin remains in both seasons. The captured of rodents were higher on trees with small diameters and low leaf litter percentage; the rainy season favored the captures. Both species were mainly captured in sites with a covering of organic matter on the soil and in sites with higher vegetal cover and reduced canopy openness. Conservation of a diverse tropical forest is fundamental for the conservation of both semiarboreal rodents.

Resumen: Los roedores influyen en los procesos de sucesión y regeneración de las selvas, siendo importantes dispersores y depredadores de semillas y plantas. En este estudio describimos aspectos sobre la estructura y dinámica poblacional, caracterización del microhábitat y composición de los excrementos de los roedores semiarborícolas Peromyscus yucatanicus y Peromyscus mexicanus, en selvas de Quintana Roo y Veracruz, México. Se realizaron capturas de Peromyscus yucatanicus colocando 122 trampas Sherman entre los 2.00 y 10.00 m de altura sobre 62 árboles. Peromyscus mexicanus se capturó disponiendo 105 trampas entre 0 y 11.00 m de altura sobre 57 árboles. Se caracterizó el microhábitat, se identificaron los árboles y se calculó la apertura de dosel de los sitios donde ocurrieron las capturas. De ambas especies se colectaron excrementos del interior de las trampas y se analizaron para conocer su composición. De septiembre 2014 a febrero de 2015, capturamos 48 individuos de Peromyscus yucatanicus a una altura promedio de 2.58 m. Su densidad poblacional fue de 26.60 ind/ha y actividad reproductiva en temporada de secas. La apertura de dosel fue de 7.75 %. Sus excrementos estuvieron mayormente integrados por semillas, pulpa de frutos y almidón. De marzo a septiembre de 2015 registramos 54 individuos de Peromyscus mexicanus a una altura promedio de 1.15 m. Su densidad poblacional fue de 20.83 ind/ha, con actividad reproductiva en ambas temporadas. La apertura de dosel fue de 4.78 % (secas) y 4.50 % (lluvias). Sus excrementos estuvieron mayormente compuestos por pulpa de frutos, almidón y restos de quitina en ambas temporadas. Las capturas de los roedores fueron mayores sobre árboles con diámetros pequeños y bajos porcentajes de hojarasca, además, la temporada de lluvia favoreció el número de capturas. Las dos especies se capturaron principalmente en sitios con una cobertura de materia orgánica en el suelo y en sitios con mayor cobertura vegetal y dosel cerrado. La conservación de las selvas tropicales y su diversidad biológica es clave para la conservación de ambos roedores semiarborícolas.

ABSTRACT Kidney transplantation of organs from adult donors implanted into a narrow anatomical cavity in underweight pediatric patients offers significant medical and surgical challenges to be considered. In this publication we report the first case in Paraguay of a kidney with two renal arteries, grafted to the aorta and inferior vena cava within the abdominal cavity, on a 12 kilogram pediatric patient, evaluating the medical, anatomical and surgical conditions faced, as well as the treatment options instituted to successfully carry out this procedure.

RESUMEN El trasplante renal de órganos provenientes de donantes adultos implantados en una cavidad anatómica estrecha en pacientes pediátricos de bajo peso, ofrece importantes desafíos médicos y quirúrgicos a ser considerados. En esta publicación reportamos el primer caso en el Paraguay de un riñón con dos arterias renales injertado a la aorta y vena cava inferior, dentro de la cavidad abdominal de un paciente pediátrico de 12 kilogramos de peso, evaluando las dificultades médicas, anatómicas y quirúrgicas enfrentadas, así como las opciones de tratamiento instituidas para llevar a cabo este procedimiento de manera exitosa.

Resumo O presente artigo problematiza a baixa potência das ofertas tradicionais para o cuidado de usuários ditos complexos no campo da saúde. A partir das narrativas de duas usuárias-guia buscou-se mostrar que profissionais, serviços e políticas que desconsideram singularidades envolvidas no cuidado, apoiados em relações assimétricas são, frequentemente, questionados na sua capacidade de produzir ofertas significativas. Duas pesquisas qualitativas de ethos cartográfico buscaram refletir com base em duas usuárias-guia em seus territórios e que no encontro com pesquisadores e profissionais de saúde, estes experimentaram o impacto da desterritorialização de si e de seus conceitos. O processo cartográfico permitiu a produção de um “comum”, ou um modo de operar o trabalho em saúde. Sai de cena a doença como guia, a vulnerabilidade como impotência, para dar lugar à “defesa de uma vida que vale a pena ser vivida” como guia. Vidas possíveis que os usuários engendram, estejam ou não em situação de rua ou qualquer vulnerabilidade.

Abstract This paper discusses the low power of traditional care offers for so-called complex users in the health sector. It aims to show, from the narratives of two guiding-users, that professionals, services, and policies disregard the multiple singularities involved in the care and attempt to overlap their knowledge in asymmetrical relationships. They are often put at stake in their ability to generate interesting and more life-producing offers. In this sense, this work built on two qualitative, cartographic studies that aimed to reflect, based on two guiding-users, promoting considerations on how contact with the field/territory and the meeting with these two women (guiding-users) deterritorialized concepts and affected researchers and research. The results indicate that cartography allows the production of the common, understood as a way of operating health work. Here, one seeks to consider each subject’s unique individual power as a fundamental issue for the production of care. The disease leaves the scenario as a guide, vulnerability as fragility or impotence, to make way for the “defense of a life worth living” as a guide. Possible lives that users generate, whether or not they are in the streets and a vulnerable condition.

Objective: To describe and compare the clinical manifestations, in adult patients diagnosed with primary Sjögren’s Syndrome at age less than or equal to 35 years versus those over 35 years of age. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the data of patients older than 18 years, with diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (American - European criteria 2002), included in the GESSAR database (Sjögren Syndrome Study Group of the Argentine Society of Rheumatology). Results: 665 patients were included. One hundred of them with an age at diagnosis less than or equal to 35 years and with a mean age at diagnosis of 29 + 4 years, 92% of them women. The average age at diagnosis of the group over 35 years was 54 + 11 years, 96% women. Statistically significant differences were found between less than or equal to 35 years vs over 35 years, in xerophthalmia (90.72% vs 95.64%, p: 0.04) and xeroderma (42.35% vs 57.36% , p: 0.03), and in the following domains of ESSDAI (EULAR Activity Index for primary Sjögren’s syndrome): peripheral nervous system (4.05 vs 11.32, p: 0.03), respiratory (6% vs 15.40%, p: 0.01) and renal (6% vs 1.59%, p: 0.02). Conclusion: Our study suggests less glandular involvement in patients with pSS diagnosed at a younger age, without a characteristic differential pattern regarding systemic involvement.

Objetivo: Describir y comparar las manifestaciones clínicas en pacientes adultos diagnosticados con Síndrome de Sjögren primario (SSp) a edad menor o igual a 35 años versus mayores a 35 años. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad, con diagnóstico de SSp de acuerdo a los criterios de clasificación ACR - EULAR 2002/2016, registrados en la base de datos GESSAR (Grupo de Estudio Síndrome de Sjögren Sociedad Argentina de Reumatología). Resultados: Se incluyeron 665 pacientes. Cien (15,04%) con edad al diagnóstico ≤ 35 años, 92% mujeres. El promedio de edad del grupo > 35 años, fue de 54 + 11 años, 96% mujeres. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre < 35 años vs > 35 años, en xeroftalmia (90,72% vs 95,64%, p: 0,04) y xerodermia (42,35% vs 57,36%, p: 0,03) y en los siguientes dominios del ESSDAI (EULAR Activity Index for primary Sjögren’s syndrome): sistema nervioso periférico (4,05 vs 11,32, p: 0,03), respiratorio (6% vs 15,40%, p: 0,01) y renal (6% vs 1,59%, p: 0,02). Conclusión: Nuestro estudio sugiere un menor compromiso glandular en pacientes con SSp diagnosticados a menor edad, sin un patrón diferencial característico en cuanto al compromiso sistémico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: COVID-19 is considered a biological risk due to its high contagiousness. The success of policies to stop the transmission of COVID-19 is based on the public having precise perceptions of risk factors. The objective of this research is to characterize aspects related to risk perception during the social distancing by COVID-19 in Cuba. This study has an exploratory-descriptive character and constitutes a pilot. Methods: An online survey was made and validated by experts, and data were collected from June to July 2020. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Participants used various reliable sources and pathways of information to update themselves on COVID-19, presented a high level of knowledge of the disease and a high recognition of its risks. People followed appropriate and protective risk behaviors. Risk perception management was evaluated as excellent by most people. In general, respondents reported a favorable psychological state. Soon, our team will carry out studies of risk perception that will contribute to the development of strategies and measures to increase responsible behavior and empathy of the population in the face of health disasters.

RESUMEN Introducción: La COVID-19 se considera como riesgo biológico por su gran contagiosidad. La percepción de riesgo es un proceso cognoscitivo del hombre donde influyen las características y severidad del riesgo, las experiencias vividas, la cantidad y calidad de la información, los valores individuales y sociales, y los conocimientos sobre el fenómeno que causa el riesgo. El éxito de las políticas para frenar la transmisión de COVID-19 se basa en que el público tenga percepciones precisas de los factores de riesgo. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar aspectos relacionados con la percepción de riesgo durante el distanciamiento social por COVID-19 en Cuba. Este estudio tiene un carácter exploratorio-descriptivo y constituye un pilotaje. Métodos: Se confeccionó y validó por expertos una encuesta online y los datos se recogieron de junio a julio de 2020. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos. Resultados: Los participantes utilizaron diversas fuentes y vías confiables de información para actualizarse sobre la COVID-19, presentaron un alto nivel de conocimiento de la enfermedad y un alto reconocimiento de sus riesgos. Las personas siguieron comportamientos adecuados y protectores ante el riesgo. La gestión de la percepción de riesgo fue evaluada de excelente por la mayoría de las personas. En general, los encuestados reportaron un estado psicológico favorable. Próximamente, nuestro equipo realizará estudios de percepción de riesgo que contribuyan al desarrollo de estrategias y medidas para elevar el comportamiento responsable y la empatía de la población ante desastres sanitarios.

Resumo: A doença causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 ou COVID-19 apresenta alto índice de contágio e transmissibilidade, superando os sistemas de saúde em todo o mundo. No México, há 1.771,740 casos positivos, 150,273 mortes, 204,070 infecções e 2,687 dessas mortes representam pessoal de saúde. A intubação orotraqueal representa um dos eventos de maior risco de contágio, por isso o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual é imprescindível, assim como as diferentes atitudes a serem tomadas durante a intubação orotraqueal pela equipe.

Abstract: The disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 virus has a high rate of contagion and transmissibility, surpassing the health systems in the world. In Mexico there are 1’771,740 positive cases, 150,273 deaths, 204,070 infections, and 2,687 of these deaths represent health personnel. Orotracheal intubation represents one of the events with the highest risk of contagion, which is why the use of personal protective equipment is imperative, as well as different attitudes to be taken during orotracheal intubation by the team.

Resumen: La enfermad por el virus de SARS-CoV-2 o COVID-19 tiene un alto índice de contagio y transmisibilidad que sobrepasa los sistemas de salud en el mundo. En México se cuentan 1,771,740 casos positivos, 150,273 defunciones y 204,070 contagios, de esas defunciones 2,687 corresponden al personal de salud. La intubación orotraqueal representa uno de los eventos con mayor riesgo de contagio, es por ello que es imperativo el uso de equipo de protección personal así como de distintas acciones a tomar durante la intubación orotraqueal por parte del equipo.