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1.
Mitigation of salt stress in passion fruit seedlings with H2O2 application
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Nobre, Reginaldo G.
; Vasconcelos, Emanoel dos S.
; Sales, Guilherme da S.
; Linhares, Edna L. da R.
; Souza, Maria do S. M. de
; Moreira, Allyson R. P.
; Aviz, Rhaiana O. de
; Casais, Luana K. N.
; Neitzke, Taíla R.
.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
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ABSTRACT Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be indicated as a strategy to mitigate salt stress in plants, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and methods of application of H2O2 as a mitigator of salt stress on the growth, physiology, and quality of seedlings of yellow passion fruit. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment (screened) belonging to UFERSA, in Caraúbas - RN, Brazil, in a randomized block design and analyzed in a 2 × 4 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications and one plant per plot. The treatments consisted of levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.5 and 3.2 dS m-1), H2O2 concentrations (0, 12, 24, and 36 μM), and H2O2 application methods (M1 = seed soaking, M2 = foliar spraying, and M3 = seed soaking + foliar spraying). Increased levels of salinity in irrigation water negatively affect seedling quality. Hydrogen peroxide at an average concentration of 24 µM mitigates salt stress in passion fruit seedlings cv. BRS Gigante Amarelo. H2O2 application to seeds associated with foliar spraying mitigates the effects of salt stress on the absolute growth rate of the leaf area of passion fruit seedlings irrigated with an ECw of 3.2 dS m-1.
RESUMO O peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) pode ser indicado como uma estratégia para mitigar o estresse salino em plantas, por isso o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos das concentrações e métodos de aplicação de H2O2 como mitigador do estresse salino sobre o crescimento, fisiologia e qualidade de mudas de maracujá cv. BRS Gigante Amarelo. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido (telado) pertencente a UFERSA, em Caraúbas - RN, Brasil, em delineamento em blocos casualizados e analisados em esquema fatorial 2 × 4 × 3, com quatro repetições e uma planta por parcela. Os tratamentos consistiram em: condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,5 e 3,2 dS m-1); concentrações de H2O2 (0, 12, 24 e 36 μM); e métodos de aplicação de H2O2 (M1 = embebição das sementes, M2 = pulverização foliar e M3 = embebição das sementes + pulverização foliar). O aumento dos níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação afeta negativamente a qualidade das mudas. O peróxido de hidrogênio na concentração de 24 µM mitiga o estresse salino em mudas de maracujazeiro cv. BRS Gigante Amarelo. A aplicação de H2O2 em sementes associada à pulverização foliar mitiga os efeitos do estresse salino sobre a taxa de crescimento absoluto da área foliar de mudas de maracujá irrigadas com CEa de 3,2 dS m-1.
2.
COVID-19 Infection Changes the Functions and Morphology of Erythrocytes: A Multidisciplinary Study
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Sales, Marcos V. S.
; Tanabe, Eloiza L. L.
; Maciel, Thamilla M. S.
; Tavares, Maria C.
; Leal, Juliana G. C.
; Pinto, Larissa S.
; Pires, Keyla S. N.
; Coelho, Jorge A. P. M.
; Silva, Elaine C. O.
; Souza, Samuel T.
; Fonseca, Eduardo J. S.
; Fragoso, Thiago S.
; Aquino, Thiago M.
; Borbely, Alexandre U.
; Rocha, Ueslen
; Santos, Josué C. C.
; Leite, Ana Catarina R.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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Hematological problems are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respiratory impairment is the higher point studied, although without experimental studies related to the oxygen transport performed by erythrocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate if erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients have their functionality changed. The case-control study included hospitalized patients with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result admitted to University Hospital. Volunteers (negative RT-PCR results) were recruited as a control group. Thus, we assessed different erythrocytes parameters, oxidative stress markers, and biophysical studies using whole blood and isolated hemoglobin. We found a decrease of 51% in oxygen uptake and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Raman spectrometry showed structural changes in the hemoglobin and lipids of the erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients; thus, these results were consolidated with an increase in Young’s modulus in erythrocytes followed by morphology changes. Besides, isolated hemoglobin from COVID-19 patients has a distinct interaction profile using a ligand model compared to the control. COVID-19 leads to structural, functional, and morphological damage to human erythrocytes. Our data showed structural and molecular changes and induction of oxidative stress in erythrocytes by COVID-19, a new perspective on the contribution of erythrocytes to a respiratory commitment in COVID-19.
3.
Pre-slaughter management in Northeast Brazil and the effects on thermophysiological indicators in pigs and pH45
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Melo, Kilvia K. de S. V.
; Machado, Nítalo A. F.
; Barbosa Filho, José A. D.
; Peixoto, Maria S. M.
; Andrade, Ana P. C. de
; Costa, Jennifer A. da
; Oliveira, Ana B. A.
; Sales, João J. de M.
.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
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RESUMO Práticas inadequadas de manejo antes do abate podem comprometer o bem-estar animal e a qualidade da carne suína. Este estudo visou avaliar os efeitos do período de transporte (TT), período de descarga (TD), e período de pré-abate (TE) nos indicadores termofisiológicos animais e no pH da carne suína, utilizando uma abordagem multivariada. Este estudo foi realizado num matadouro localizado em Aquiraz, Ceará, Brasil. Um total de 60 suínos mestiços com 107 ± 5 kg de peso corporal foram distribuídos em três grupos experimentais: grupo A (TT = 180 min, TD ≤ 10 min, e TE = 24 horas), grupo B (TT = 60 min, TD ≤ 15 min, e TE = 18 horas), e grupo C (TT = 45 min, TD ≤ 5 min, e TE = 24 horas). A análise discriminante canônica foi implementada e as diferenças entre tratamentos são representadas graficamente. Os dois primeiros componentes foram responsáveis por 97% dos tratamentos. A análise discriminante mostrou que o grupo C apresentou diferenças multivariadas em relação aos outros, particularmente com temperatura retal elevada antes do abate (38,4 ± 0,23 °C) e frequência respiratória (131 ± 7,0 respirações min-1) e temperatura retal (39,7 ± 0,18 °C) à chegada ao matadouro. O período de transporte (TT), período de descarga (TD) e o stress térmico das instalações influenciaram variáveis fisiológicas, tais como a temperatura retal e a frequência respiratória. Além disso, as variáveis de estresse fisiológico também favoreceram cortes com pH básico, resultando em perda de qualidade.
ABSTRACT Inadequate pre-slaughter handling practices may compromise animal welfare and pork quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transport period (TT), unloading period (UT), and pre-slaughtering period (WT) on animal thermophysiological indicators and pork pH using a multivariate approach. This study was conducted in a slaughterhouse located in Aquiraz, Ceará state, Brazil. A total of 60 mestizo pigs with 107 ± 5 kg body weight were distributed into three experimental groups: group A (TT = 180 min, UT ≤ 10 min, and WT = 24 hours), group B (TT = 60 min, UT ≤ 15 min, and WT = 18 hours), and group C (TT = 45 min, UT ≤ 5 min, and WT = 24 hours). Canonical discriminant analysis was implemented and the differences between treatments are represented graphically. The first two components accounted for 97% treatments. The discriminant analysis showed that group C presented multivariate differences in relation to others, particularly with high rectal temperature before slaughter (38.4 ± 0.23 °C) and respiratory rate (131 ± 7.0 breaths min-1) and rectal temperature (39.7 ± 0.18 °C) upon arrival at the slaughterhouse. Transport period (TT), unloading period (UT), and thermal stress of the facilities influenced physiological variables, such as rectal temperature and respiratory rate. Furthermore, the physiological stress variables also favored cuts with basic pH, resulting in quality loss.
4.
Look at the trees: synopsis of Terminalia s.s. in the Brazilian Amazon with conservation and distribution implications
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Abstract Terminalia L. has a pantropical distribution, almost exclusively constituting tropical Combretaceae. In this work, a comprehensive synopsis of all the native species of Terminalia s.s. in the Brazilian Amazon is presented, including diagnostic characters, identification key, illustrations, geographic distribution maps, diversity and richness patterns with a new occurrence in Brazil, and a table with conservation status and number of records/ protected areas and their protected areas for all species. This information seeks to support the identification of these tree species, in addition to actions to conserve trees in the Brazilian Amazon.
5.
Sazonalidade dos elementos do clima e sua influência na serapilheira em uma floresta sucessional na Amazônia oriental
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Machado-Lima, Juliana Cristina
; Andrade, Vanda Maria Sales de
; Braz-Homci, Valéria Pereira
; Cordeiro-Costa, Beatriz
; Suzuki, Patrícia Mie
; Souza, Wanessa Lisandra de Amorim e
; Santos, Mario Lima dos
; Assis-Oliveira, Francisco de
.
Resumo A produção e decomposição da serapilheira é importante no funcionamento e na dinâmica de um ecossistema florestal, associando variáveis climatológicas à biomassa. Com isso, investigou-se o estoque de serapilheira em função da sozanalidade dos elementos do clima em uma floresta sucessional na Amazônia oriental. O estudo foi conduzido em uma floresta sucessional, na Região Metropolitana de Belém (RMB), Pará. No ecossistema foi realizada uma amostragem aleatória em três transectos alocados ao longo da perpendicular da linha de borda de 50 m. A análise do efeito da sazonalidade dos elementos do clima nas propriedades físicas (volume, espessura, densidade e massa seca) e no carbono da serapilheira foram realizadas utilizando o teste t student e ANOVA do teste F a 5 % de significância. A precipitação (495,2±125 mm e 109,8±60 mm) e a umidade relativa do ar (89,0±1,7 % e 79,6±2,8 %) apresentaram diferença estatística na sazonalidade (p<0,05), diferente da temperatura (27,1±0,2 ºC e 27,6±0,3 ºC) que não houve diferença. As variáveis da serapilheira não foram influenciadas pela sazonalidade dos elementos do clima e não diferiram estatisticamente entre os períodos chuvoso e menos chuvoso, respectivamente: quantidade de serapilheira acumulada (16,46±4,17 Mg ha-1 e 13,91±7,61 Mg ha-1), estoque de carbono da serapilheira (7,9±2,0 Mg ha-1 e 6,6 ± 3,61 Mg ha-1), volume (26,21±0,92 cm3 e 24,88±0,92 cm3), espessura (4,19±0,92 cm e 3,99±0,95 cm) e densidade (0,041±0,92 g/cm3 e 0,034±0,92 g/cm3). A sazonalidade dos elementos do clima não apresentou variação considerável a ponto de alterar as propriedades físicas e o carbono da serapilheira.
Abstract The production and decomposition of litter is important in the functioning and dynamic of a forest ecosystem, associating climatological variables to biomass. With that, the litter stock was investigated due to the seasonality of the climate in a successional forest in eastern Amazon. The study was conducted in a successional forest, in the metropolitan region of Belém (RMB), Pará. In the ecosystem, a random sampling was performed in three transects located along the perpendicular of the 50m border line. The analysis of the effect of the seasonality of the elements of the climate on the litter physical properties (volume, thickness, density and dry mass) and carbon content were carried out using the t Student test and ANOVA of the F test at 5 % significance level. Precipitation (495.2 ± 125 mm and 109.8 ± 60 mm) and relative humidity (89.0 ± 1.7 % and 79.6 ± 2.8 %) showed a statistical difference in seasonality (p<0.05), different from the temperature (27.1 ± 0.2 ºC and 27.6 ± 0.3 ºC), there was no difference. The litter variables were not influenced by the seasonality of the elements of the climate and did not differ statistically between the rainy and less rainy periods, respectively: amount of accumulated litter (16.46 ± 4.17 Mg.ha-1 and 13.91 ± 7.61 Mg.ha-1), litter carbon stock (7.9 ± 2, 0 Mg.ha-1 and 6.6 ± 3.61 Mg.ha-1), volume (26.21 ± 0.92cm3 and 24.88 ± 0.92 cm3), thickness (4.19 ± 0.92 cm and 3.99 ± 0.95 cm) and density (0.041 ± 0.92 g/cm3 and 0.034 ± 0.92 g/cm3). The seasonality of the elements of the climate did not show considerable variation to the point of altering the litter physical properties and carbon content.
6.
Trypanocidal Activity and Increased Solubility of Benznidazole Incorporated in PEG 4000 and Its Derivatives
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Sousa, Lucas R. D.
; Azevedo, Maria Luíza S.
; Rocha, Dayana F.
; Andrade, Ângela L.
; Amparo, Tatiane R.
; Santos, Orlando D. H. dos
; Seibert, Janaína B.
; Pereira, Luciano R.
; Vieira, Paula M. A.
; Carneiro, Cláudia M.
; Barboza, Ana Paula M.
; Neves, Bernardo R. A.
; Sales Jr., Policarpo A.
; Murta, Silvane M. F.
; Novack, Kátia M.
; Santos, Viviane M. R. dos
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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Selecting a polymer depends on its characteristics, the properties of the drug and of the remaining ingredients in the formulation. The drug, when incorporated into a polymeric matrix, can show several advantages when compared with its conventional form. In this context, this work describes the preparation and characterization of polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) and its derivative particles loaded with benznidazole, as well as evaluates their trypanocidal activity. In this work, reactions to modify the PEG 4000 polymer and the subsequent incorporation of the benznidazole were made. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis confirmed the efficiency in modifying the PEG chains. The morphology of polymeric films was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and showed considerable changes on the film organization. The acetylation of PEG favored the stability of the system and an increase in the zeta potential from ?14.83 to ?25.54 mV was observed. Although encapsulation efficiency values between 30.14 and 39.48% were found, the enhanced benznidazole dissolution profile by microparticles enables the use of lower drug concentrations. This fact can be proven by the increased trypanocidal effect of benznidazole when encapsulated in BP3 microparticles. Finally, the high selectivity of the formulations for trypanocidal action guarantees their safety as an alternative for the treatment of the Chagas disease.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210017
96 downloads
7.
DOIS NOVOS ALCALOIDES AZAFENANTRENO DE Anaxagorea dolichocarpa Sprague & Sandwith
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Sales, Kaio A.
; Pinheiro, Anderson A. V.
; Araújo, Diego I. A. F.
; Andrade, Rodrigo S. de
; Agra, Maria de Fátima
; Sobral, Marianna V.
; Magalhães, Hemerson I. F.
; Sousa, Valgrícia M. de
; Braz-Filho, Raimundo
; Silva, Marcelo S. da
; Tavares, Josean F.
.
A chemical investigation of Anaxagorea dolichocarpa Sprague & Sandwith, a member of Annonaceae family, was carried out. The ethanolic extract from the roots of this plant led, by chromatography tecniches, to isolation of the new azaphenanthrene alkaloids dolichocarpine (1) and 9-methoxyeupolauramine (2), besides the known alkaloids eupolauramine (3), 3-methoxyeupolauridine (4), eupolauramine (5) and 4-methylsampangine (6). The structures of isolated compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, tandem MSn and IR data. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1 - 5 was evaluated against HCT-116 (human colorectal carcinoma) and L929 (murine fibroblast) cell lines.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170529
400 downloads
8.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU in a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil - study protocol
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Ferreira, Juliana C.
; Ho, Yeh-Li
; Besen, Bruno A.M.P.
; Malbuisson, Luiz M.S.
; Taniguchi, Leandro U.
; Mendes, Pedro V.
; Costa, Eduardo L.V.
; Park, Marcelo
; Daltro-Oliveira, Renato
; Roepke, Roberta M.L.
; Silva Jr, João M.
; Carmona, Maria José C.
; Carvalho, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro
; Hirota, Adriana
; Kanasiro, Alberto Kendy
; Crescenzi, Alessandra
; Fernandes, Amanda Coelho
; Miethke-Morais, Anna
; Bellintani, Arthur Petrillo
; Canasiro, Artur Ribeiro
; Carneiro, Bárbara Vieira
; Zanbon, Beatriz Keiko
; Batista, Bernardo Pinheiro De Senna Nogueira
; Nicolao, Bianca Ruiz
; Besen, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro
; Biselli, Bruno
; Macedo, Bruno Rocha De
; Toledo, Caio Machado Gomes De
; Pompilio, Carlos Eduardo
; Carvalho, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro De
; Mol, Caroline Gomes
; Stipanich, Cassio
; Bueno, Caue Gasparotto
; Garzillo, Cibele
; Tanaka, Clarice
; Forte, Daniel Neves
; Joelsons, Daniel
; Robira, Daniele
; Costa, Eduardo Leite Vieira
; Silva Júnior, Elson Mendes Da
; Regalio, Fabiane Aliotti
; Segura, Gabriela Cardoso
; Marcelino, Gustavo Brasil
; Louro, Giulia Sefrin
; Ho, Yeh-Li
; Ferreira, Isabela Argollo
; Gois, Jeison de Oliveira
; Silva Junior, Joao Manoel Da
; Reusing Junior, Jose Otto
; Ribeiro, Julia Fray
; Ferreira, Juliana Carvalho
; Galleti, Karine Vusberg
; Silva, Katia Regina
; Isensee, Larissa Padrao
; Oliveira, Larissa dos Santos
; Taniguchi, Leandro Utino
; Letaif, Leila Suemi
; Lima, Lígia Trombetta
; Park, Lucas Yongsoo
; Chaves Netto, Lucas
; Nobrega, Luciana Cassimiro
; Haddad, Luciana
; Hajjar, Ludhmila
; Malbouisson, Luiz Marcelo
; Pandolfi, Manuela Cristina Adsuara
; Park, Marcelo
; Carmona, Maria José Carvalho
; Andrade, Maria Castilho Prandini H De
; Santos, Mariana Moreira
; Bateloche, Matheus Pereira
; Suiama, Mayra Akimi
; Oliveira, Mayron Faria de
; Sousa, Mayson Laercio
; Louvaes, Michelle
; Huemer, Natassja
; Mendes, Pedro
; Lins, Paulo Ricardo Gessolo
; Santos, Pedro Gaspar Dos
; Moreira, Pedro Ferreira Paiva
; Guazzelli, Renata Mello
; Reis, Renato Batista Dos
; Oliveira, Renato Daltro De
; Roepke, Roberta Muriel Longo
; Pedro, Rodolpho Augusto De Moura
; Kondo, Rodrigo
; Rached, Samia Zahi
; Fonseca, Sergio Roberto Silveira Da
; Borges, Thais Sousa
; Ferreira, Thalissa
; Cobello Junior, Vilson
; Sales, Vivian Vieira Tenório
; Ferreira, Willaby Serafim Cassa
.
OBJECTIVES: We designed a cohort study to describe characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in the largest public hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil, as Latin America becomes the epicenter of the pandemic. METHODS: This is the protocol for a study being conducted at an academic hospital in Brazil with 300 adult ICU beds dedicated to COVID-19 patients. We will include adult patients admitted to the ICU with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 during the study period. The main outcome is ICU survival at 28 days. Data will be collected prospectively and retrospectively by trained investigators from the hospital’s electronic medical records, using an electronic data capture tool. We will collect data on demographics, comorbidities, severity of disease, and laboratorial test results at admission. Information on the need for advanced life support and ventilator parameters will be collected during ICU stay. Patients will be followed up for 28 days in the ICU and 60 days in the hospital. We will plot Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate ICU and hospital survival and perform survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model to identify the main risk factors for mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04378582. RESULTS: We expect to include a large sample of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU and to be able to provide data on admission characteristics, use of advanced life support, ICU survival at 28 days, and hospital survival at 60 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide epidemiological data about critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Brazil, which could inform health policy and resource allocation in low- and middle-income countries.
https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2020/e2294
1957 downloads
9.
Synthesis, Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl-acyl Carrier Protein Reductase and Antimycobacterial Activity of Novel Pentacyanoferrate(II)-isonicotinoylhydrazones
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Gazzi, Thais P.
; Rotta,, Mariane
; Villela, Anne D.
; Rodrigues-Junior, Valnês
; Martinelli, Leonardo K. B.
; Sales, Francisco Adilson M.
; Sousa, Eduardo Henrique Silva de
; Campos, Maria Martha
; Basso, Luiz Augusto
; Santos, Diógenes S.
; Machado, Pablo
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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Tuberculosis remains among the top causes of death triggered by a single pathogen. Herein, a greener synthetic approach for isonicotinoylhydrazones is described using ultrasound energy. These compounds were used as starting materials for synthesizing pentacyanoferrate(II)-isonicotinoylhydrazones, which inhibited the reaction catalyzed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis 2-trans-enoyl-ACP(CoA) reductase (MtInhA) in a time-dependent manner. The most active coordination complex showed an increase of more than ten-fold in the MtInhA inhibition rate constant compared with lead pentacyano(isoniazid)ferrate(II) (IQG607). Additionally, the new series of metal-based compounds demonstrated antitubercular activity against a drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain and was devoid of toxicity to mammalian cells (IC50 > 20 µmol L-1, half maximal inhibitory concentration). Finally, one of the synthesized compounds showed intracellular activity similar to isoniazid in a macrophage model of Mtb infection, indicating that this chemical class may furnish novel structures to embark on the preclinical phase of anti-tuberculosis drug development.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20170033
1319 downloads
10.
NIR Monitoring and Modelling of Soybean Oil Methanolysis with Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares with Correlation Constraint
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Sales, Rafaella F.
; Lima, Suzana M. de
; Stragevitch, Luiz
; Pimentel, Maria Fernanda
; Juan, Anna de
.
Near infrared spectroscopy in-line monitoring and modelling of soybean oil methanolysis has been done using multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) with correlation constraint. This constraint allows for quantitation of the methyl ester formed with little calibration effort and the MCR model provides additionally a general description (qualitative and quantitative) of the rest of components in the process. Due to the complexity of this process, which shows components with severe kinetic and spectral overlap, suitably designed multiset analysis strategies were adopted to improve the recovery of concentration profiles of the methyl ester. To assess the temperature and catalyst concentration effects on the kinetic reaction, five batches with different temperatures (20, 44 and 55 °C) and catalyst concentrations (0.75 and 1 m/m%) were produced. The concentration profiles of methyl ester obtained by MCR-ALS for each batch was the starting information used to develop a simplified kinetic model and calculate the activation energy.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20160218
2529 downloads
11.
Recommendations for quality assurance in multiparametric flow cytometry: first consensus of the Brazilian Group of Flow Cytometry (GBCFLUX)
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Correia, Rodolfo P.
; Bortolucci, Ana Carolina A.
; Lopes, Annelise C. W.
; Sandes, Alex F.
; Azambuja, Ana Paula de
; Viana, Marta A.
; Sales, Maria M.
; Yamamoto, Mihoko
; Bacal, Nydia S.
.
Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial
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RESUMO O Grupo Brasileiro de Citometria de Fluxo (GBCFLUX), fundado em 24 de abril de 2010, é composto por especialistas da área de citometria de fluxo (CF) que possuem o objetivo comum de contribuir para avanços técnico-científicos em laboratórios clínicos e de pesquisa brasileiros. Entre os grupos de trabalho do GBCFLUX, o subcomitê de Controle de Qualidade (CQ) é responsável por discutir dados da literatura e contribuir para a garantia da qualidade do processo pré-analítico, analítico e pós-analítico em CF. As ações do subcomitê de CQ iniciaram-se por meio de reuniões e palestras, nas quais dados da literatura foram revisados e discutidos com todos os membros participantes do GBCFLUX. Em uma segunda etapa, definiu-se elaborar um texto de recomendações consensuais técnicocientíficas, informativas e educativas para divulgação a todos os grupos que trabalham com CF no Brasil. Para tanto, foi elaborado um questionário com respostas objetivas, sendo enviado para 35 instituições brasileiras cadastradas, com a finalidade de avaliar o perfil de CQ dessas instituições. Dessa forma, as recomendações técnico-científicas de CQ que serão descritas neste artigo de atualização têm o objetivo de contribuir para a garantia da qualidade do processo, a padronização técnica e a reprodutibilidade dos resultados em CF.
ABSTRACT The Brazilian Group of Flow Cytometry (Grupo Brasileiro de Citometria de Fluxo [GBCFLUX]), founded on April 24, 2010, is composed of experts in flow cytometry (FC) area who have the common objective of contributing to technical and scientific advances in Brazilian clinical and research laboratories. Among GBCFLUX working groups, the Quality Control (QC) subcommittee is responsible for discussing data in the literature and contributes to the quality assurance of the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical process in FC. The QC subcommittee's actions began through meetings and lectures, in which data from the literature were reviewed and discussed with all participating members of the GBCFLUX. In a second step, it was decided to draw up a text of technical and scientific consensus recommendations, informative and educative, for dissemination to all FC working groups in Brazil. To this effect, a questionnaire with objective responses was designed and sent to 35 recognized Brazilian institutions, in order to evaluate the QC profile of these institutions. Thus, the QC technical-scientific recommendations, which will be described in this updating article, are intended to ensure the process quality, technical standardization, and reproducibility of results in FC.
https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20150061
3720 downloads
12.
Facile Method to Tune the Particle Size and Thermal Stability of Magnetite Nanoparticles
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Singh, Loushambam H.
; Pati, Sudhanshu S.
; Sales, Maria J. A.
; Guimarães, Edi M.
; Oliveira, Aderbal C.
; Garg, Vijayendra K.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
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Nucleation and growth mechanism of iron oxide nanoparticles on zeolite template and their stability dependence are reported. Hyperfine field resulting from the variation of particle size indicates the effect of zeolite on particles growth; particle size decreases at lower concentration of zeolite. At higher concentration, a fraction of nano Fe3O4 experiences hyperfine field (45 and 49 T) similar to bulk particles. Effect of incubation and digestion time on the particles growth and the binding effect with zeolite are discussed. Annealing treatments show that the binding of nanoparticles with zeolite stabilizes the nanoparticles with regard to agglomeration and structural transformation. Thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) shows that increase in dehydration temperature from 335.1 to 351.7 K results in zeolite content increasing from 0 to 1000 mg. Weight loss of the particles prepared in incubation time of 0.5 min is 9.46% and reaches 13.9% in 240 min. The weight loss remains practically constant at ca. 9% irrespective of the digestion method.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20150207
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13.
Geographic distribution model for Mabuya agmosticha (Squamata: Scincidae) in northeastern Brazil
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Sales, Raul F.D.
; Andrade, Maria J.M. de
; Jorge, Jaqueiuto da S.
; Kolodiuk, Miguel F.
; Ribeiro, Matheus M.
; Freire, Eliza M.X.
.
The Neotropical lizard Mabuya agmosticha Rodrigues, 2000 is a habitat-specialist of thorny bromeliads in rocky outcrops of northeastern Brazil. Its distribution in the Caatinga Domain is most likely relictual. In recent years, new surveys conducted in northeastern Brazil have revealed new records of the species in the Caatinga and also in the Atlantic Forest Domain. In this study, we add four new records for M. agmosticha, extending its known geographic range in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba. In addition, we investigated the potential geographical distribution of the species using ecological niche modeling (ENM), which combines the available occurrence records with environmental variables. Our model revealed a continuous range of areas with suitable climatic conditions for the species, from the state of Rio Grande do Norte to the northeast portion of the state of Bahia, plus some relictual distribution spots, mainly in the states of Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará and western Rio Grande do Norte. Based on the model, we suggest that the distribution of M. agmosticha is continuous on a large geographic scale. On a smaller spatial scale, however, it is clear that its distribution is clumped, reflecting its specialist habits associated with rupicolous bromeliads.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702015000100011
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14.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
15.
Moringa oleifera inhibits growth of Candida spp. and Hortaea werneckii isolated from Macrobrachium amazonicum prawn farming with a wide margin of safety
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Rocha, Marcos Fábio Gadelha
; Alencar, Lucas Pereira de
; Brilhante, Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira
; Sales, Jamille de Alencar
; Ponte, Yago Brito de
; Rodrigues, Pedro Henrique de Aragão
; Sampaio, Célia Maria de Souza
; Cordeiro, Rossana de Aguiar
; Castelo-Branco, Débora de Souza Collares Maia
; Oliveira, Francisco Carlos de
; Barbosa, Francisco Geraldo
; Teixeira, Carlos Eduardo Cordeiro
; Paiva, Manoel de Araújo Neto
; Bandeira, Tereza de Jesus Pinheiro Gomes
; Moreira, José Luciano Bezerra
; Sidrim, José Júlio Costa
.
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antifúngica de extratos de M. oleifera frente a fungos isolados de camarões, cultivados em água doce, e testar a toxicidade dos extratos em larvas de Macrobrachium amazonicum. Os extratos etanólicos de vagens, sementes, folhas, caules e flores e o extrato clorofórmico de flores de M. oleifera foram testados contra 14 cepas de Candida spp. e 10 cepas de Hortaea werneckii isolados da água de cultivo e do trato digestório de M. amazonicum. A atividade antifúngica foi determinada por microdiluição, com base nos documentos M27-A3 e M38-A2 do CLSI. A toxicidade foi avaliada por exposição das larvas de M. amazonicum a concentrações entre 10-1000 mg mL-1 dos extratos, realizando contagem de larvas mortas (CL50), após 24 horas. Os melhores resultados foram verificados com o extrato clorofórmico de flores, agindo frente a todas as cepas testadas, com concentrações inibitórias mínimas variando entre 0,019-2,5 mg mL-1. O extrato etanólico de folhas, flores e sementes agiu ante 22/24, 21/24 e 20/24 cepas, respectivamente. O extrato de vagens foi eficaz contra cepas de Candida spp. (14/24) e o extrato de caule apenas contra quatro cepas de H. werneckii (4/24). Os extratos de sementes, flores (fração clorofórmica), caules e folhas apresentaram baixa ou nenhuma toxicidade, enquanto que extratos de vagens e flores (fração etanólica) apresentaram toxicidade moderada. Assim, observou-se atividade antifúngica dos extratos em Candida spp . e H. werneckii com uma ampla margem de segurança para as larvas de M. amazonicum, demonstrando ser promissor para o manejo sustentável dos efluentes do cultivo de M. amazonicum
This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of M. oleifera extracts against fungi isolated from farmed prawns and test the toxicity of the extracts on larvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum. The ethanol extracts of pods, seeds, leaves, stems and flowers and chloroform extract of flowers of M. oleifera were tested against 14 strains of Candida spp. and 10 strains of Hortaea werneckii isolated from farming water and the digestive tract of M. amazonicum. Antifungal activity was determined by microdilution, based on the M27-A3 and M38-A2 CLSI documents. Toxicity was evaluated by exposing larvae of M. amazonicum at concentrations between 10-1000mg mL-1, counting dead larvae (CL50) after 24 hours. The best results were verified with the chloroform extract of flowers, acting against all tested strains, with MICs ranging from 0.019 to 2.5 mg mL-1. Ethanol extracts of leaves, flowers and seeds acted against 22/24, 21/24 and 20/24 strains, respectively. The extract of pods was only effective against strains of Candida spp. (14/24) and extract of stem only against four strains of H. werneckii (4/24). Extracts of seeds, flowers (chloroform fraction), stems and leaves showed low or no toxicity, whereas extracts of pods and flowers (ethanol fraction) showed moderate toxicity. Thus, the antifungal activity of these extracts agaisnt Candida spp. and H. werneckii was observed, a wide margin of safety for larvae of M. amazonicum, demonstrating to be promising for the sustainable management of effluents from M. amazonicum farming
https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140266
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