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RESUMEN: El ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es un ligamento que controla principalmente la movilidad anterior y rotacional de la articulación de la rodilla, y su superficie está cubierta por una membrana sinovial con gran cantidad de vasos sanguíneos. En general, el suministro de nutrientes al ligamento proviene de muchos capilares en la sinovial adyacente. Sin embargo, los estudios estadísticos de los capilares distribuidos en el LCA son insuficientes. En este estudio, examinamos imágenes histológicas trans- versales de la inserción femoral (nivel femoral), el nivel medio del tendón (nivel medio) y la inserción tibial (nivel tibial) del LCA y analizamos estadísticamente la distribución de los capilares sanguíneos entre los tres niveles. Los LCA de 10 cadáveres se dividieron en 5 secciones iguales y se realizaron cortes en parafina de 4 µm de espesor a nivel femoral, medio y tibial, y luego se realizó tinción con hematoxilina-eosina (HE). El área de cada sección transversal se midió utilizando Image-J 1.51n (Institutos Nacionales de Salud de EE. UU., Bethesda, MD, EE. UU.). Los haces de fibras del LCA eran relativamente pequeños y escasos en el área de la sección transversal a nivel femoral y se hicieron más grandes y más densos hacia el nivel tibial. La membrana sinovial en la unión del LCA cubría la superficie del haz de fibras y también penetraba profundamente entre entre los haces de fibras. En particular, los capilares sanguíneos estaban densamente distribuidos en la unión femoral de la sinovial respecto a los otros dos niveles. De hecho, el número de capilares también fue más abundante a nivel femoral. El área transversal del LCA a nivel femoral era significativamente pequeña, sin embargo, los capilares sanguíneos fueron los más abundantes. Por lo tanto, cuando hay una lesión del LCA su reconstrucción con preservación del ligamento femoral remanente puede ser clínicamente útil para remodelar el tendón injertado.

SUMMARY: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a ligament that mainly controls the anterior and rotational mobility of the knee joint, and its surface is covered by a synovial membrane with large number of blood vessels. In general, nutritional supply to the ligament is from many capillaries in the adjacent synovium. However, statistical studies of the capillaries distributed to the ACL are insufficient. In this study, we examined cross-sectional histological images of the femoral attachment (femoral level), middle level of the tendon (middle level), and tibial attachment (tibial level) of the ACL and statistically analyzed blood capillary distribution among the three levels. The ACLs of 10 cadavers were divided into 5 equal sections, and 4mm-thick paraffin sections were made at the femoral level, middle level, and tibial level, and then hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were performed. The area of each transverse section was measured using Image-J 1.51n (U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Fiber bundles of the ACL were relatively small and sparse in cross-sectional area at the femoral level and became larger and denser toward the tibial level. Many blood levels. The synovium at the attachment of ACL covered the surface of the fiber bundle and also penetrated deeply between the fiber bundles. In particular, the blood capillaries were densely distributed in the synovium at the femoral attachment rather than another two levels. Indeed, the number of capillaries were also most abundant in the femoral level. The cross-sectional ACL area at the femoral level is significantly small, however, the blood capillaries were most abundant. Therefore, when the ACL is injured, its reconstruction with preservation of the femoral ligamentous remnant may be clinically useful for remodeling of the grafted tendon.

Oral mucositis and microbial status in acute lymphoblastic leukemia subjects undergoing high-dose chemotherapy
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Nunes

; Barbosa, Anderson Nogueira

; Saito, Cristiane Pereira Borges

; Paula, Erich Vinicius de

; Saito, Daniel

Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences

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2023, Volume 22 elocation e237697

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Aim To assess oral microbial status in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and to unravel possible associations between nosocomial pathogens and the establishment of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis (CIOM). Methods Oral mucosa, saliva, and peripheral blood samples were collected from 46 ALL subjects one day prior to chemotherapy (D0) and 2 weeks after treatment initiation (D14). Clinical intraoral inspection was performed by a single practitioner, with mucositis classification performed according to the WHO oral toxicity scale. Blood components were quantified by automatic flow cytometry, while oral Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction with species-specific primers. Associations among bacteria and clinical findings were determined by Fisher’s Exact test, longitudinal bacterial changes by paired Macnemar, and correlations among blood parameters and mucositis status or bacteria via Mann-Whitney. Results S. aureus displayed higher detection rates at D14 (p < 0.05) and was positively associated with mucositis, adoption of a non-solid diet (all p < 0.001), nausea and fever (all p < 0.05). Conversely, P. aeruginosa did not correlate to CIOM clinical parameters. At the systemic standpoint, lower hemoglobin levels associated with CIOM and fever events (all p < 0.01). Conclusion The study evidences S. aureus as a potential pathogen in ALL-CIOM, reaffirming microbial control as an important preventive measure during high-dose immunosuppressive therapy. The weight of non-white-blood-cell parameters should be validated as novel CIOM biomarkers in prospective research.

https://doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v22i00.8667697

Scarification of yellow mombin endocarps (Spondias mombin, Anacardiaceae) due to passage through the digestive tract of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana): a microscopic look
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Torres-Anaya, Daniela Alicia

; Dáttilo, Wesley

; Rosas-Saito, Greta Hanako

; Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos

Acta botánica mexicana

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2022, N. 129 elocation e2023

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: Diversos estudios han destacado el importante papel de los monos aulladores (Alouatta palliata mexicana) en la dispersión de semillas y, con ello, en la regeneración de las poblaciones de plantas con frutos carnosos de los bosques tropicales. Sin embargo, poca es la evidencia empírica sobre cuáles podrían ser los mecanismos que les permitiría a los monos aulladores favorecer la germinación de las semillas de muchas especies de plantas, incluyendo la escarificación de su cubierta externa. En este trabajo se evaluó si los endocarpos de Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae), una especie importante en la dieta de los monos aulladores, podrían ser escarificados al pasar por el tracto digestivo de estos primates. Métodos: Se colectaron endocarpos de las heces de monos aulladores, así como frutos maduros del suelo, en la región de Los Tuxtlas, municipio Catemaco, Veracruz, México. Mediante cortes transversales de los endocarpos y su análisis en el microscopio electrónico de barrido, se tomaron medidas del grosor de la cubierta externa y probaron las diferencias entre ambos tipos de muestras (i.e., endocarpos de frutos y endocarpos que pasaron por el tracto digestivo). Resultados clave: Se observó que el grosor de la cubierta de los endocarpos en frutos fue mayor ( X ~=47.05±9.69 µm) que el de endocarpos en heces ( X ~=1.51±3.60 µm) (W=0.48, p<0.001). Conclusiones: Los resultados evidencian que la ingesta de endocarpos de S. mombin por A. p. mexicana puede tener un efecto de escarificación de los tejidos que conforman su cubierta externa. Esto apoya la versión sobre la función de los frugívoros, como los monos aulladores, reduciendo la cubierta externa de las semillas y aumentando así su capacidad para germinar; siendo, por lo tanto, organismos clave en la dinámica de regeneración de bosques tropicales.

Abstract: Background and Aims: Several studies have emphasized the important role of howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana) in seed dispersal and, as a result, in the regeneration of fleshy-fruited plant populations in tropical forests. However, there is little empirical evidence regarding the possible mechanisms that would allow howler monkeys to promote seed germination of many plant species, including seed coat scarification. In this study, we evaluated whether endocarps of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae), an important species in howler monkey diet, could be scarified by passage through the digestive tract of these primates. Methods: We collected endocarps from howler monkey feces as well as ripe fruits fallen on the ground, in the region of Los Tuxtlas, Catemaco municipality, Veracruz, Mexico. By analyzing endocarp transverse sections using a scanning electron microscope, we measured the thickness of the outer layer and tested differences between both types of samples (i.e., fruit endocarps and endocarps that had passed through the digestive tract). Key results: We observed that the outer layer thickness of endocarps in fruits was greater ( X ~=47.05±9.69 µm) than that of endocarps found in feces ( X ~=1.51±3.60 µm) (W=0.48, p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results highlight that consumption of S. mombin endocarps by A. p. mexicana may have a scarification effect on the tissues that constitute the outer layer. This supports the hypothesis of the role of frugivores, such as howler monkeys, in reducing the seed coat and thus increasing germination ability; therefore, being key organisms in regeneration dynamics of tropical forests.

https://doi.org/10.21829/abm129.2022.2023 1 downloads

Rosmarinus officinalis extract-loaded emulgel prevents UVB irradiation damage to the skin
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TAKAYAMA, KÁTIA S.

; MONTEIRO, MARIANA C.

; SAITO, PRISCILA

; PINTO, INGRID C.

; NAKANO, CLAUDIA T.

; MARTINEZ, RENATA M.

; THOMAZ, DOUGLAS V.

; VERRI JR, WALDICEU A.

; BARACAT, MARCELA M.

; ARAKAWA, NILTON S.

; RUSSO, HELENA M.

; ZERAIK, MARIA L.

; CASAGRANDE, RUBIA

; COUTO, RENÊ O. DO

; GEORGETTI, SANDRA R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 N. 4 elocation e20201058

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract UVB-irradiation increases the risk of various skin disorders, therefore leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. In this sense, antioxidant-rich herbs such as Rosmarinus officinalis may be useful in minimizing the damage promoted by reactive oxygen species. In this work, we report the efficacy of a R. officinalis hydroethanolic extract (ROe)-loaded emulgel in preventing UVB-related skin damage. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the main phytocomponents in the extract were identified by UHPLC-HRMS. Moreover, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) value of ROe was also assessed, and we investigated the in vivo protective effect of an emulgel containing ROe against UVB-induced damage in an animal model. The ROe exhibited commercially viable SPF activity (7.56 ± 0.16) and remarkable polyphenolic content (24.15 ± 0.11 mg (Eq.GA)/g). HPLC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS results showcased that the main compounds in ROe were: rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ROe against several radicals and the capacity to reduce iron. Therefore, we demonstrated that topical application of the formulation containing ROe inhibited edema formation, myeloperoxidase activity, GSH depletion and maintained ferric reducing (FRAP) and ABTS scavenging abilities of the skin after UVB exposure.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220201058

Pyrazolyl-Tetrazoles and Imidazolyl-Pyrazoles as Potential Anticoagulants and their Integrated Multiplex Analysis Virtual Screening
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Lourenço, André L. P. G.

; Vegi, Percilene F.

; Faria, Jéssica V.

; Pinto, Gustavo S. P.

; Santos, Maurício S. dos

; Sathler, Plínio C.

; Saito, Max S.

; Santana, Marcos

; Dutra, Tatiana P. P.

; Rodrigues, Carlos R.

; Monteiro, Robson Q.

; Bernardino, Alice M. R.

; Castro, Helena C.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jan 2019, Volume 30 N. 1 Pages 33 - 47

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This article reports a novel virtual screening algorithm seeking the rational identification of novel lead anticoagulants. Seven 5-(3-methyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-tetrazoles and seven novel 1-aryl-4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazoles were obtained in three steps starting from arylhydrazine hydrochlorides as raw materials in good yields: 50-72% and 50-85%, respectively. All compounds were submitted to an in silico target-base pipeline named integrated multiplex analysis virtual screening (IMA-VS), which comprises the evaluation of their (i) fitting physicochemical properties to the chemical environment of the target enzyme; (ii) active-site homing electrostatic potential to the target enzyme; (iii) structural fitting to the target active site through molecular docking; and (iv) overall absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile. After the virtual selection of potential anticoagulant hits, all molecules were synthesized and candidates were evaluated in vitro for their anticoagulant and hemolytic profile. The most promising candidate pointed out by IMA-VS was compound 1-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole that shown to display factor Xa (FXa)-specific inhibitory activity in vitro, acting as an uncompetitive inhibitor with an inhibition constant (Ki) = 61.16 ± 12.96 µM, in addition to the lowest hemolytic activity of the series. Further experiments revealed the antithrombotic activity of this compound in an in vivo model of arterial thrombosis induced by FeCl3.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180150 940 downloads

Resistência contra ectoparasitas em bovinos da raça Crioula Lageana e meio-sangue Angus avaliada em condições naturais
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Cardoso, Cristina P.

; Silva, Bruna F.

; Gonçalves, Daniele S.

; Tagliari, Nelson J.

; Saito, Mere E.

; Amarante, Alessandro F.T.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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feb 2014, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 141 - 146

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência aos ectoparasitas em bovinos jovens da raça Crioula Lageana e meio-sangue Angus em condições naturais. Foram utilizados 10 machos castrados em cada grupo, recém desmamados (6-8 meses) e mantidos sob as mesmas condições de manejo, em pastagens cultivadas de inverno e verão, no município de Monte Castelo - SC, sofrendo infestação natural por ectoparasitas. A cada 28 dias, fêmeas de carrapatos (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) com tamanho acima de 4 mm foram quantificadas nos dois lados do corpo de cada animal, bem como os nódulos com larvas de Dermatobia hominis. A espessura da capa do pelame foi também avaliada a cada coleta e os animais foram classificados quanto à coloração do pelame. Os animais da raça Crioula Lageana foram mais resistentes às infestações por D. hominis e R. microplus. Não houve diferença entre a disposição de carrapatos e bernes conforme os lados direito e esquerdo dos animais. Os animais de pelagem escura albergaram a maior porcentagem de ectoparasitas nos grupos avaliados.

This study was carried out to evaluate the breed resistance against ectoparasites infestations in Crioula Lageana and crossbred Angus male calves under natural condition. Ten weaned and neutered male calves (6-8 months) of each group were kept together in winter and summer pastures in Monte Castelo, Santa Catarina State. Every 28 days, female ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) more than 4 mm long were counted on the right and left side of the body of each animal, as well as the D. hominis nodules. Coat thickness also was measured at each sampling and all animals were classified according coat color. Crioula Lageana group was less infested by D. hominis than crossbred Angus in five times and by ticks in the infestation peak (P<0.05). There were no differences in the distribution of the ticks and grubs between animal body sides. Dark-haired animal in both groups were the most susceptible.

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Leucograma e metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em cabras da raça Saanen nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto
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Fonteque, Joandes H.

; Saito, Mere E.

; Barioni, Graziela

; Valente, Ana C. dos S.

; Takahira, Regina K.

; Kohayagawa, Aguemi

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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dec 2013, Volume 33 Suppl. 1 Pages 63 - 70

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação do leucograma e do metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos em fêmeas caprinas da raça Saanen, nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de 20 fêmeas nulíparas da raça Saanen, clinicamente sadias por venipunção jugular aos 49 (M1), 42 (M2), 35 (M3), 28 (M4), 21 (M5), 14 (M6), sete (M7), três (M8) dias antes do parto, no dia do parto (M9), três (M10) e sete (M11) dias após o parto, para a realização do leucograma e dosagens séricas de cortisol, estradiol e progesterona. A partir de 28 dias (M4) antes do parto até sete dias do pós-parto (M11) foram colhidas amostras de sangue para a avaliação do metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos por meio do teste de redução do tetrazólio nitroazul (NBT). Os resultados demonstraram que no dia do parto houve aumento nas concentrações séricas de cortisol e estradiol, e diminuição da progesterona, leucocitose por neutrofilia e desvio à esquerda leve, diminuição dos linfócitos, aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito, eosinopenia, monocitose e basofilia. No sétimo dia do pós-parto houve leucocitose por neutrofilia e aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito. Não houve nos períodos de gestação, parto e pós-parto alterações significativas no metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos. Conclui-se que o parto determina elevação da concentração sérica de cortisol e estradiol, e diminuição da progesterona determinando quadro de leucocitose por neutrofilia e desvio à esquerda leve, com diminuição dos linfócitos, aumento da relação neutróflo:linfócito, eosinopenia, monocitose e basofilia. Ao sétimo dia do pós-parto há leucocitose por neutrofilia, aumento da relação neutrófilo:linfócito e do fibrinogênio. A gestação, o parto e o período do pós-parto não alteram o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos avaliado por meio do teste de redução do NBT.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the leukocyte count and the oxidative metabolism of neutrophil in Saanen goats during periods of pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Were used 20 Saanen goats, clinically healthy and serologically negative for caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV). Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture 49 (M1), 42 (M2), 35 (M3), 28 (M4), 21 (M5), 14 (M6), seven (M7), three (M8) days before the parturition, on the day of birth (M9), three (M10) and seven (M11) days postpartum, for the leukocyte count, and serum for cortisol, estradiol and progesterone determination. From 28 days (M4) before parturition until seven days postpartum (M11) blood samples were collected for evaluation of oxidative metabolism of neutrophils by the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT). The results showed that at parturition day there were an increase in cortisol and estradiol levels and a decrease in progesterone serum, neutrophilic leukocytosis and left shift slight, decrease of lymphocytes, increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte, eosinopenia, monocytosis and basophilia. There was a neutrophilic leukocytosis and an increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte on the seventh day postpartum. There were not significant alterations in oxidative metabolism of neutrophils during pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. It was concluded that parturition causes an elevation in cortisol and estradiol levels and a decrease in progesterone serum determining a neutrophilic leukocytosis and left shift slight, with a reduction of lymphocytes, increase in the neutrophil:lymphocyte, eosinopenia, monocytosis and basophilia. Neutrophilic leukocytosis, increase in the neutrophil: lymphocyte and fibrinogen are detected on the seventh day postpartum. Pregnancy, parturition and the postpartum do not change the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils evaluated by NBT reduction test.

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Formas de mecanização e manejo do solo para a cultura da batata II - desenvolvimento vegetativo
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Saito, Larissa R.

; Jadoski, Sidnei O.

; Maggi, Marcio F.

; Sales, Livia L. S. R.

; Suchoronczeck, Adriano

Engenharia Agrícola

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oct 2013, Volume 33 N. 5 Pages 993 - 1002

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos do manejo com diferentes formas de preparo do solo, tipos de resteva e infestação do solo com o fungo Trichoderma harzianum Rifai sobre as características de componentes do dossel vegetativo da cultura da batata. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Guarapuava-PR, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subsubdivididas, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Para o fator 1, foram avaliadas quatro formas de mecanização do preparo do solo (P): preparo-base (escarificação e sulcamento) - P1; preparo-base mais grade niveladora - P2; preparo-base mais enxada rotativa - P3 preparo-base mais grade niveladora e enxada rotativa - P4. No fator 2, utilizaram-se restevas de aveia, milho, trigo, feijão e uma testemunha sem resteva. O fator 3 constitui-se da infestação ou não infestação do solo com o fungo T. harzianum. As variáveis comprimento da maior haste e índice de área foliar (IAF) foram afetadas pelo tratamento com o fungo T. harzianum. O IAF apresentou também comportamento diferenciado ao longo do ciclo em relação à cobertura do solo com resteva de milho. O maior revolvimento do solo no preparo inicial reduz a produção de massa seca da parte aérea da cultura da batata.

The objective was to study the effects of management with different forms of tillage, reservoir types and soil infestation with the fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai over the characteristics of canopy components of potato. The experiment was structured in a completely randomized design with split plots in a 4 x 5 x 2 factorial with four replications. For factor 1 it was evaluated four types of tillage - (P): base tillage (scarifiation and harrowing furrowing) - P1, base tillage plus disc harrow - P2, rotary hoe plus basic tillage - P3 and base tillage plus disc harrow and rotary hoe - P4 . In Factor 2 it was used the stubble of oats, corn, wheat, beans and a control without stubble. The Factor 3 was constituted by no infestation or infestation of soil with the fungus T. harzianum. The variable length of the longest stem and index of leaf area (IAF) were affected by the treatment with the fungus T. harzianum. IAF presented also different length over the cycle in relation to the soil cover with corn stubble. The highest soil inversion in the initial tillage reduces the production of dry matter of the potato crop shoot.

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Estimativa da produtividade do milho em função da disponibilidade hídrica em Guarapuava, PR, Brasil
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Wagner, Marcus V.

; Jadoski, Sidnei O.

; Maggi, Marcio F.

; Saito, Larissa R.

; Lima, Adenilson dos S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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feb 2013, Volume 17 N. 2 Pages 170 - 179

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Com este trabalho objetivou-se estimar o potencial médio de produção da cultura do milho em função das variações da disponibilidade hídrica considerando-se a realização da semeadura em diferentes momentos dentro do período recomendado para o município de Guarapuava, Estado do Paraná. Os estudos foram realizados com base na série ininterrupta de dados climáticos do período de 1984 a 2007. A duração do ciclo da cultura foi calculada pelo acúmulo de soma térmica e a disponibilidade de água avaliada pelo balanço hídrico da cultura, ponderando-se a distribuição da precipitação pluvial e a evapotranspiração da cultura. A probabilidade de redução de produtividade de grãos por deficiência hídrica foi estimada considerando-se a porcentagem de redução de produção de grãos a partir da ocorrência de deficiência hídrica nos diferentes estádios do ciclo de desenvolvimento no campo. Verificou-se que a cultura do milho é afetada pela distribuição da disponibilidade hídrica ao longo do ciclo, sendo que a maior probabilidade de perdas de produção por deficiência hídrica ocorre no estádio da antese-fecundação. As semeaduras mais tardias no período recomendado tendem a ocasionar menores riscos de obtenção de produtividade de grãos abaixo da média regional.

This study aimed to estimate the average potential of production of the corn crop in consequence of the variation of the water availability and the planting performed at different dates within the recommended period for Guarapuava, Paraná State, Brazil. The study was conducted considering uninterrupted series of climate data for the period from 1984 to 2007. The duration of the crop cycle was calculated by the accumulation of the thermal sum and the availability of water evaluated by the water balance of the crop considering the distribution of the precipitation and the evapotranspiration of the crop. The probability of reduction of the grain yield due to shortage of water was estimated considering the percentage of the reduction of grain production with the occurrence of water deficiency in the different stages of the crop cycle. It was verified that the corn crop is affected by the distribution of the water availability along the crop cycle, with the highest probability of production losses for water deficiency occurring at the stage of anthesis-fecundation. Late planting in the recommended period tend to cause less risks of having grain productivity below the regional average.

3616 downloads

10.

Contrast sensitivity of pattern transient VEP components: contribution from M and P pathways
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Souza, Givago S.

; Gomes, Bruno D.

; Lacerda, Eliza Maria C.B.

; Saito, Cézar A.

; Silva Filho, Manoel da

; Silveira, Luiz Carlos L.

Psychology & Neuroscience

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2013, Volume 6 N. 2 Pages 191 - 198

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The purpose of this study was to compare contrast sensitivity estimated from transient visual evoked potentials (VEPs) elicited by achromatic pattern-reversal and pattern-onset/offset modes. The stimuli were 2-cpd, achromatic horizontal gratings presented either as a 1 Hz pattern reversal or a 300 ms onset/700 ms offset stimulus. Contrast thresholds were estimated by linear regression to amplitudes of VEP components vs. the logarithm of the stimulus contrasts, and these regressions were extrapolated to the zero amplitude level. Contrast sensitivity was defined as the inverse of contrast threshold. For pattern reversal, the relation between the P100 amplitude and log of the stimulus contrast was best described by two separate linear regressions. For the N135 component, a single straight line was sufficient. In the case of pattern onset/offset for both the C1 and C2 components, single straight lines described their amplitude vs. log contrast relations in the medium-to-low contrast range. Some saturation was observed for C2 components. The contrast sensitivity estimated from the low-contrast limb of the P100, from the N135, and from the C2 were all similar but higher than those obtained from the high-contrast limb of the P100 and C1 data, which were also similar to each other. With 2 cpd stimuli, a mechanism possibly driven by the M pathway appeared to contribute to the P100 component at medium-to-low contrasts and to the N135 and C2 components at all contrast levels, whereas another mechanism, possibly driven by the P and M pathways, appeared to contribute to the P100 component at high contrast and C1 component at all contrast levels.

https://doi.org/10.3922/j.psns.2013.2.07 2167 downloads

11.

Macroinvertebrates under stochastic hydrological disturbance in Cerrado streams of Central Brazil
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Saito, Victor S.

; Mazão, Gustavo R.

Iheringia. Série Zoologia

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dec 2012, Volume 102 N. 4 Pages 448 - 452

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

No Cerrado, onde o regime pluviométrico é bem definido, as chuvas tem um importante papel no controle da vazão dos riachos e, por consequência, sobre a estruturação da fauna de macroinvertebrados. Apesar dos efeitos das chuvas associados à sazonalidade serem bem estudados, pouco se sabe a respeito dos efeitos de chuvas estocásticas sobre a comunidade. No presente estudo nós avaliamos a estrutura e a composição faunística de quatro riachos de primeira ordem no Brasil Central na estação seca em dois anos, com e sem chuvas estocásticas. A amostragem da comunidade foi feita através da colonização de placas de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD), removidas após um mês submersas nos riachos. A Análise de Variância (ANOVA) realizada não indicou diferença da riqueza rarefeita entre os dois períodos coletados, diferente da densidade numérica de organismos que se mostrou maior no período em que não houve perturbação; além disso, a Análise de Correspondência Destendenciada (DCA) revelou diferenças na composição faunística entre os dois períodos. Nossos resultados indicam que as chuvas estocásticas são um importante fator na estruturação da fauna de macroinvertebrados na região estudada.

In the Cerrado vegetation, where the seasonal is well defined, rainfall has an important role in controlling the flow of streams and consequently on the structure of macroinvertebrates community. Despite the effects of rainfall associated with seasonality are well studied, little is known about the effects of stochastic rains on the community. In the present study we evaluated the structure and faunal composition of four first-order streams in Central Brazil during the dry season in two years, with and without stochastic rains. Community sampling was done by colonization of boards of high density polyethylene (HDPE), removed after one month submerged in streams. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) performed indicated no difference in rarefied richness between the two periods, different from numeric density of organisms that was higher in the period without disturbance; moreover, the Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) revealed differences in faunal composition between the two periods. Our results indicate that stochastic rainfall is an important factor in structuring the macroinvertebrates community in studied region.

1893 downloads

12.

Anatomia da madeira de Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) Smith & Downs (Euphorbiaceae): aspectos funcionais e ecológicos
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Cosmo, Nelson Luiz

; Kuniyoshi, Yoshiko Saito

; Botosso, Paulo César

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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sep 2010, Volume 24 N. 3 Pages 747 - 755

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Sebastiania commersoniana é uma espécie arbórea bastante comum em ambientes aluviais, em diversas condições pedológicas, graças a sua plasticidade e capacidade de tolerar períodos de inundação. Foram amostrados 21 indivíduos adultos dessa espécie, na planície do rio Iguaçu, visando à caracterização anatômica da madeira e sua interpretação em termos funcionais. S. commersoniana possui porosidade difusa, vasos solitários e múltiplos de dois a seis, com arranjo radial e placas de perfuração simples. Os vasos são pouco freqüentes (12-16-20/mm²), com diâmetro de 54-88-117 µm e elementos de vaso com comprimento 164-602-1025 µm. As fibras libriformes têm 656-1222-2050 µm de comprimento, 10-26-42 µm de largura, e paredes delgadas a espessas (1,0-2,8-5,1 µm). Fibras gelatinosas são freqüentes. Ocorre parênquima apotraqueal difuso em agregados, e paratraqueal escasso. Os raios, unisseriados, têm 164-805-2787 µm de altura e 12-22-35 µm de largura. Células perfuradas de raio são freqüentes, bem como máculas contendo grãos de amido. Estes também ocorrem no parênquima radial e no axial. A espécie desenvolve lenho de tensão em árvores inclinadas. A maioria dos caracteres observados coincide com descrições disponíveis para o gênero e a família a que a espécie pertence. Algumas características qualitativas são discutidas quanto às suas possíveis funções e implicações para a auto-ecologia da espécie.

Sebastiania commersoniana is a very common tree species in alluvial environments with diverse soil conditions due to its plasticity and ability to tolerate periods of flooding. In this study we sampled 21 adult individuals of this species on the Iguaçu River plain, for wood anatomy characterization and interpretation using a functional approach. S. commersoniana has diffuse porous, solitary vessels and multiples of two to six, radially arranged with simple perforation plates; low vessel frequency (12-16-20/mm²), with diameter of 54-88-117 µm, and vessel elements 164-602-1025 µm in length. The fibers are 656-1222-2050 µm in length, 10-26-42 µm wide, the walls are 1.0-2.8-5.1 µm thick. Fibers with a gelatinous layer are common. Apotracheal parenchyma diffusein-aggregates is found, while paratracheal parenchyma is scanty. Rays are uniseriate, 164-805-2787 µm tall and 12-22-35 µm wide. Perforated ray cells are frequent, as well as scar tissue containing starch grains. Starch also occurs in the radial and axial parenchyma. This species develops tension-wood in inclined trees. Most of the features observed coincide with available descriptions of the genus and family to which the species belongs. Some qualitative features are discussed on the base of possible roles and implications for species autoecology.

6744 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

Infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina adquiridas en la comunidad en niños antes sanos y en niños relacionados al hospital en la Argentina
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Paganini, M, Hugo

; Della L, Paula

; Muller O, Beatriz

; Ezcurra, Gustavo

; Uranga, Macarena

; Aguirre, Clarisa

; Ensinck, Gabriela

; Miranda, Marys Kamiya, M. Rosa

; Ciriaci, Cristina

; Hernández, Claudia

; Casimir, Lidia

; Rial, M. José

; Schenonne, Norma

; Ronchi, Estela

; Rodríguez, M. del Carmen

; Aprile, Fabiana

; De Ricco, Catalina

; Saito, Viviana

; Vrátnica, Claudia

; Pons, Laura

; Ernst, Adriana

; Morinigo, Sandra

; Toffoli, Marcelo

; Bosque, Celia

; Monzani, Victoria

; Mónaco, Andrea

; Pinheiro, José L

; López, M. del Pilar

; Maninno, Leonardo

; Sarkis, Claudia

Revista chilena de infectología

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oct 2009, Volume 26 N. 5 Pages 406 - 412

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (CA-MRSA) are prevalent in several countries of the world. These infections seem to differ clinically from those occurring within the health care system (HCS-MRSA). Objective: To compare clinical characteristics of infections by CA-MRSA and HCA-MRSA in the same communitty. Material and Methods: Prospective, multicentric and comparative study. Children with clinically and microbiologicaly documented CA-MRSA were included. Results: Between 11/2006 and 11/2007, 840 infections caused by S. aureus were diagnosed. Of them 582 (68%) were community-acquired. Among these 356 (61%) were CA-MRSA. In this group, 75 (21%) were HCA-MRSA and 281 (79%) CA-MRSA. The median age was 36months (range: 1-201). Chronic skindisease (13) and chronic disease of CNS (9) were the underlying disease predominant. Children with CA-MRSAhad more frequency of previous antibiotic treatment (63 vs 34%) and previous medical consult (76 vs 52%), invasive procedures (31 vs 8%), surgery (15 vs 0,3%) and fever (94 vs 74%) (p = <05). Children with CA-MRSAhad subcutaneous abscesses (34 vs 15%) (p = <.05) more frequently. Bacteremia and sepsis rate was similar in both groups (21 vs 18%) and 17 vs 11%) respectively) (p = NS). Antibiotic resistance was more frequent in children with HCA-MRSA: Rifampin (7 vs 1%), trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole (7 vs 1%) and clindamycin (25 vs 9%) (p = <.05). Four children (5%) with HCA-MRSA infections died and 3 (1%) mCA-MRSAgroup (p = .05). Conclusión: Children with HCA-MRSA infections more frequent antibiotic resistance than CA-MRSA should be reconsider the empiric antibiotic treatment of community-acquired infections in children in our área.

Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus meticilina-resistente proveniente de la comunidad (SAMRC) es altamente prevalente en diversos países del planeta. Objetivos: Realizar un análisis clínico comparativo entre las infecciones por SAMRC en niños antes sanos (SAMR-CO) y aquellos con S. aureus MR en pacientes con patologías previas (SAMR-RH). Material y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo y comparativo. Fueron incluidos los niños que tenían infección clínica y microbiológicamente documentada por SAMRC. Resultados: Entre 11/2006 y 11/2007 fueron diagnosticadas 840 infecciones porS. aureus. De ellas 582 (69%) fueron detectadas en la comunidad. Entre estas 356 (61%) fueron SAMRC. Entre estas últimas 75 (21%) fueron SAMR-RH y 281 (79%) SAMR-CO. La mediana de edad fue de 36 meses (rango: 1-201). Las enfermedades de base más frecuentes fueron: dermatopatías crónicas (13) y enfermedad crónica del SNC (9). Los niños con infección por SAMR-RH presentaron con mayor frecuencia tratamiento antimicrobiano previo (63 vs 34%), consultas médicas previas (76 vs 52%), procedimiento invasor previo (31 vs 8%o), cirugía (15 vs 0,3%) y fiebre al momento de la consulta (94 vs 74%) (p < 0,05). Los niños con infección por SAMR-CO tuvieron con mayor frecuencia abscesos subcutáneos (34 vs 15%) (p < 0,05). La tasa de bacteriemia y se sepsis fue semejante en ambos grupos (21 vs 18% y 17 vs 11%)) (p =NS). La resistencia a antimicrobianos fue mayor en niños con SAMR-RH: rifampicina (7 vs l%o), cotrimoxazol (7 vs 1%) y clindamicina (25 vs 9%) (p < 0,05). Fallecieron 4 niños con SAMR-RH (5%) y 3 niños con SAMR-CO (1%) (p = 0,05). Conclusión: Los niños con SAMR-RH presentan mayor tasa de resistencia a antimicrobianos que SAMR-CO. Debe replantearse el tratamiento antimicrobiano empírico en niños con infecciones provenientes de la comunidad en nuestro medio.

21948 downloads

14.

Estudio multicéntrico sobre las infecciones pediátricas por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente provenientes de la comunidad en la Argentina
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Paganini, Hugo

; Della Latta, María P

; Muller Opet, Beatriz

; Ezcurra, Gustavo

; Uranga, Macarena

; Aguirre, Clarisa

; Ensinck, Gabriela

; Kamiya de Macarrein, Marys

; Miranda, María R

; Ciriaci, Cristina

; Hernández, Claudia

; Casimir, Lidia

; Rial, María J

; Schenonne, Norma

; Ronchi, Estela

; Rodríguez, María del C

; Aprile, Fabiana

; De Ricco, Catalina

; García Saito, Viviana

; Vrátnica, Claudia

; Pons, Laura

; Ernst, Adriana

; Morinigo, Sandra

; Toffoli, Marcelo

; Bosque, Celia

; Monzani, Victoria

; Mónaco, Andrea

; Pinheiro, José L

; López, María del P

; Maninno, Leonardo

; Sarkis, Claudia

Archivos argentinos de pediatría

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oct 2008, Volume 106 N. 5 Pages 397 - 403

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates are increasingly frequent causes of skin and soft-tissue infections or invasive infections in many communities. Local data are scarce. Objective. To determine the frequency, clinical features and outcome of infections caused by MRSA. Material and methods. Prospective and multicentric study of surveillance for community-acquired S. aureus infections in children from Argentina. Infections meeting the definition of community-acquired were identified. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Antibiotic susceptibilities were determined in the clinical microbiology laboratory with the methodology of the NCCLS. Results. From November 2006 to November 2007, 840 S. aureus infections were diagnosed, 447 of them were community-acquired. One hundred and thirty-five children with underlying disease or previous hospital admission were excluded. Two hundred and eighty one (62%) infections were community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). The median age of children was 36 months (r:1-201), 60% were male. Among the CA-MRSA isolates, 62% were obtained from children with skin and soft-tissue infections, and 38% from children with invasive infections. Of them, osteomyelitis, arthritis, empyema and pneumonia were prevalent. Eigthteen percent of children had bacteremia and 11% sepsis. The rate of clindamycin resistance of CA-MRSA isolates was 10% and 1% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Only 31% of children had appropriate treatment at admission. The median time of treatment delayed was 72 h. The median time of parenteral treatment was 6 days (r:1-70). In 72% of patients surgical treatment was required. Three children died (1%). Conclusions. CA-MRSA isolates account for a high percentage and number of infections in children of Argentina. Community surveillance of CA-MRSA infections is critical to determine the appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment for either local or invasive infections. Clindamycin resistance was under 15% in the strains tested. Clindamycin should be use when CA-MRSA infection is suspected in children.

Introducción. En los últimos años se ha informado en diversas partes del mundo la aparición de infecciones extrahospitalarias causadas por S. aureus resistentes a la meticilina (SAMRC). Los datos de nuestro país son muy escasos y de informes individuales. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia, las características clínicas y la evolución final de las infecciones causadas por SAMRC. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo y multicéntrico de vigilancia de las infecciones extrahospitalarias por S. aureus en niños de la Argentina. Se incluyeron niños con alguna infección clínica y microbiológicamente documentada por S. aureus. La sensibilidad a los antibióticos de las cepas aisladas se investigó según normas NCCLS. Resultados. Entre 11/2006 y 11/2007 se diagnosticaron 840 infecciones por S. aureus. De ellas, 582 (69%) fueron comunitarias. Se excluyeron 135 niños con enfermedad de base o internación previa en hospitales. Para el análisis se incluyeron 447 infecciones, de las cuales 281 (62%) fueron causadas por SAMRC. La mediana de edad fue de 36 meses (r: 1201). Un 60% fueron varones. Prevalecieron las infecciones de piel y partes blandas (62%). Las infecciones osteoarticulares, el empiema pleural y la neumonía fueron las formas invasivas más frecuentes. El 18% presentó bacteriemia y el 11% sepsis. El 10% de las cepas fue resistente a clindamicina y el 1% a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. Sólo el 31% tuvo un tratamiento concordante al ingreso. La mediana de retraso en el tratamiento adecuado fue de 72 h. La mediana del tratamiento parenteral fue de 6 días (r: 1-70). El 72% requirió tratamiento quirúrgico, principalmente drenaje de colecciones purulentas (87%). Fallecieron 3 niños (1%). Conclusiones. La tasa de infecciones causadas por SAMRC es alta en niños de nuestro país. Esto constituye un alerta epidemiológico, particularmente para los pediatras. La infección de piel y partes blandas es el foco clínico prevalente, fundamental-mente en la forma clínica de abscesos localizados. Debe revisarse y normatizarse en forma urgente el tratamiento empírico de las infecciones provenientes de la comunidad en niños, particularmente las graves. La resistencia a la clindamicina no superó el 15%. Esto permite reafirmar que este antibiótico se debe utilizar ante la sospecha de estas infecciones en niños.

4072 downloads Cited 20 times in SciELO

15.

EMISIÓN NEUTRÓNICA SOLAR DE LARGA DURACIÓN COMPARADA CON LA RADIACIÓN PRODUCIDA POR ELECTRONES EN LA FULGURACIÓN SOLAR DEL 7 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 2005
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Sako, T.

; Watanabe, K.

; Muraki, Y.

; Matsubara, Y.

; Tsujihara, H.

; Yamashita, M.

; Sakai, T.

; Shibata, S.

; Valdés-Galicia, J.F.

; González, L.X.

; Hurtado, A.

; Musalem, 0.

; Miranda, P.

; Martinic, N.

; Ticona, R.

; Velarde, A.

; Kakimoto, F.

; Ogio, S.

; Tsunesada, Y.

; Tokuno, H.

; Tanaka, Y.T.

; Yoshilawa, I.

; Terasawa, T.

; Saito, Y.

; Mulai, T.

; Grosm, M.

Revista Boliviana de Física

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2007, Volume 13 N. 13 Pages 39 - 44

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

RESUMEN El 7 de septiembre de 2005 se detectaron señales intensas de emisiones neutrónicas asociadas con la fulguración solar que ocurrió en esa fecha. Dichas señales fueron producidas por iones y electrones relativistas. En particular, se observaron neutrones relativistas con los telescopios de neutrones solares (SNT) ubicados en el monte Chacaltaya en Bolivia y en el monte Sierra Negra en México, y con monitores de neutrones (NM) en Chacaltaya y Ciudad de México; estas observaciones tuvieron altas significaciones estadísticas. Al mismo tiempo los satélites Geotail e INTEGRAL detectaron rayos X (RX) duros y rayos gamma (Rγ), emitidos predominantemente por electrones de alta energía. Encontramos que un modelo para la emisión impulsiva de neutrones durante el pico de RX y Rγ puede explicar los picos principales de todas las seriales detectadas de neutrones, pero falla al tratar de explicar la larga cola de la fase de decaimiento. Un modelo alternativo en el que la emisión neutrónica sigue el perfil de emisión de RX y Rγ, falló asimismo para explicar la larga cola. Estos resultados indican que la aceleración de los iones comenzó al mismo tiempo que la de los electrones, pero que los iones fueron continuamente acelerados o atrapados durante un mayor tiempo en el sitio de la emisión. Demostramos asimismo que los datos de los neutrones observados por los canales multienergéticos de los SNT imponen restricciones sobre el espectro neutrónico.

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