Abstract UVB-irradiation increases the risk of various skin disorders, therefore leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. In this sense, antioxidant-rich herbs such as Rosmarinus officinalis may be useful in minimizing the damage promoted by reactive oxygen species. In this work, we report the efficacy of a R. officinalis hydroethanolic extract (ROe)-loaded emulgel in preventing UVB-related skin damage. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the main phytocomponents in the extract were identified by UHPLC-HRMS. Moreover, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) value of ROe was also assessed, and we investigated the in vivo protective effect of an emulgel containing ROe against UVB-induced damage in an animal model. The ROe exhibited commercially viable SPF activity (7.56 ± 0.16) and remarkable polyphenolic content (24.15 ± 0.11 mg (Eq.GA)/g). HPLC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS results showcased that the main compounds in ROe were: rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ROe against several radicals and the capacity to reduce iron. Therefore, we demonstrated that topical application of the formulation containing ROe inhibited edema formation, myeloperoxidase activity, GSH depletion and maintained ferric reducing (FRAP) and ABTS scavenging abilities of the skin after UVB exposure.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos do manejo com diferentes formas de preparo do solo, tipos de resteva e infestação do solo com o fungo Trichoderma harzianum Rifai sobre as características de componentes do dossel vegetativo da cultura da batata. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Guarapuava-PR, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subsubdivididas, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Para o fator 1, foram avaliadas quatro formas de mecanização do preparo do solo (P): preparo-base (escarificação e sulcamento) - P1; preparo-base mais grade niveladora - P2; preparo-base mais enxada rotativa - P3 preparo-base mais grade niveladora e enxada rotativa - P4. No fator 2, utilizaram-se restevas de aveia, milho, trigo, feijão e uma testemunha sem resteva. O fator 3 constitui-se da infestação ou não infestação do solo com o fungo T. harzianum. As variáveis comprimento da maior haste e índice de área foliar (IAF) foram afetadas pelo tratamento com o fungo T. harzianum. O IAF apresentou também comportamento diferenciado ao longo do ciclo em relação à cobertura do solo com resteva de milho. O maior revolvimento do solo no preparo inicial reduz a produção de massa seca da parte aérea da cultura da batata.

The objective was to study the effects of management with different forms of tillage, reservoir types and soil infestation with the fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai over the characteristics of canopy components of potato. The experiment was structured in a completely randomized design with split plots in a 4 x 5 x 2 factorial with four replications. For factor 1 it was evaluated four types of tillage - (P): base tillage (scarifiation and harrowing furrowing) - P1, base tillage plus disc harrow - P2, rotary hoe plus basic tillage - P3 and base tillage plus disc harrow and rotary hoe - P4 . In Factor 2 it was used the stubble of oats, corn, wheat, beans and a control without stubble. The Factor 3 was constituted by no infestation or infestation of soil with the fungus T. harzianum. The variable length of the longest stem and index of leaf area (IAF) were affected by the treatment with the fungus T. harzianum. IAF presented also different length over the cycle in relation to the soil cover with corn stubble. The highest soil inversion in the initial tillage reduces the production of dry matter of the potato crop shoot.

Com este trabalho objetivou-se estimar o potencial médio de produção da cultura do milho em função das variações da disponibilidade hídrica considerando-se a realização da semeadura em diferentes momentos dentro do período recomendado para o município de Guarapuava, Estado do Paraná. Os estudos foram realizados com base na série ininterrupta de dados climáticos do período de 1984 a 2007. A duração do ciclo da cultura foi calculada pelo acúmulo de soma térmica e a disponibilidade de água avaliada pelo balanço hídrico da cultura, ponderando-se a distribuição da precipitação pluvial e a evapotranspiração da cultura. A probabilidade de redução de produtividade de grãos por deficiência hídrica foi estimada considerando-se a porcentagem de redução de produção de grãos a partir da ocorrência de deficiência hídrica nos diferentes estádios do ciclo de desenvolvimento no campo. Verificou-se que a cultura do milho é afetada pela distribuição da disponibilidade hídrica ao longo do ciclo, sendo que a maior probabilidade de perdas de produção por deficiência hídrica ocorre no estádio da antese-fecundação. As semeaduras mais tardias no período recomendado tendem a ocasionar menores riscos de obtenção de produtividade de grãos abaixo da média regional.

This study aimed to estimate the average potential of production of the corn crop in consequence of the variation of the water availability and the planting performed at different dates within the recommended period for Guarapuava, Paraná State, Brazil. The study was conducted considering uninterrupted series of climate data for the period from 1984 to 2007. The duration of the crop cycle was calculated by the accumulation of the thermal sum and the availability of water evaluated by the water balance of the crop considering the distribution of the precipitation and the evapotranspiration of the crop. The probability of reduction of the grain yield due to shortage of water was estimated considering the percentage of the reduction of grain production with the occurrence of water deficiency in the different stages of the crop cycle. It was verified that the corn crop is affected by the distribution of the water availability along the crop cycle, with the highest probability of production losses for water deficiency occurring at the stage of anthesis-fecundation. Late planting in the recommended period tend to cause less risks of having grain productivity below the regional average.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar os efeitos do manejo com diferentes formas de preparo do solo, tipos de resteva e infestação do solo com Trichoderma harzianum sobre a produtividade e as características dos tubérculos da cultura da batata. O experimento foi estruturado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subsubdivididas, em um esquema fatorial 4 x 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas, na parcela, as seguintes formas de preparo do solo: preparo-base (escarificação e sulcamento) - P1; preparo-base mais grade niveladora - P2; preparo-base mais enxada rotativa - P3, e preparo-base mais grade niveladora e enxada rotativa - P4. Na subparcela, utilizaram-se as restevas de aveia, milho, trigo, feijão e uma testemunha sem resteva. A subsubparcela constitui-se da infestação ou não infestação de T. harzianum no solo. Concluiu-se que a menor mobilização do solo ocasiona maior produtividade da cultura. O preparo convencional do solo para o cultivo da batata pode ser reduzido, eliminando-se as operações com enxada rotativa ou grade niveladora. A aplicação das restevas exerceu efeito positivo para o incremento da produtividade de tubérculos. O efeito da presença do fungo T. harzianum afetou negativamente a qualidade do tubérculo, sem exercer efeito significativo sobre a produtividade da cultura, demonstrando a necessidade de ser mais bem estudado.

The aim of the research was to study the effects of management with different forms of tillage, stubble and types of infestation of soil with Trichoderma harzianum on the characteristics of components of the canopy of the potato crop, production and characteristics of tubers produced. The experiment was structured in a randomized design in split plots in a factorial 4 x 5 x 2 with four replications. It was evaluated, in plots, the following forms of tillage: tillage base (and chisel plowing) - P1, base tillage more harrowing - P2, rotary hoe most basic preparation and P3 base most harrowing and rotary hoe - P4. In the subsections it was used the stubble of oats, corn, wheat, beans and a control without stubble. The sub subplot constitutes of no infestation or infestation of T. harzianum in soil. It was concluded that less tillage causes greater crop yield, and that the application of stubble positive effect for increasing productivity, especially corn and wheat. The effect of T. harzianum to the potato yield was not significant, demonstrating the need for further studies.

The objective of the present study was to identify sperm abnormalities in young male patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). In 2005, 18 male JDM patients, diagnosed according to the criteria of Bohan and Peter, were followed at the Pediatric Rheumatology Unit and Rheumatology Division, of our Institution. Of the 18 males, 11 were pre-pubertal and 7 were post-pubertal. Two of 7 post-pubertal JDM male patients were excluded: one for orchidopexy for cryptorchidism and the other for testicular ectopia in the left testis. The remaining 5 post-pubertal JDM patients were prospectively evaluated on the basis of two semen analyses, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), urologic evaluation, testicular Doppler ultrasound hormone profile. The data of the JDM patients were compared with those of 5 age-matched healthy controls. The median age 18, was similar in JDM patients and controls. All JDM patients had teratozoospermia (abnormal sperm morphology), as did 4 (80%) of the controls. One of JDM patients had previous oligoasthenoteratozoospermia treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide with normalization of the number and concentration of the sperm after 5 years. All sperm parameters (sperm concentration, total sperm count and total motile sperm count by WHO, and sperm morphology by Kruger strict criteria), testicular volumes by Prader orchidometer and ultrasound, and hormones were similar in JDM patients compared with controls. The frequency of anti-sperm antibodies was similar in both groups. All JDM patients had minor sperm abnormalities in the head, midpiece, and/or tail of spermatozoids. Serial semen analyses in larger study populations are necessary to identify the extent and duration of sperm abnormalities in male patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.

O extrato mote obtido de folhas e caules de Mikania Amitacina DC foi submetido ao teste de atividade antimicrobiana pela técnica de diluição seriada frente à S.aureus ATCC 6538, E. coli ATCC l0536 , C. atbicanz ATCC 10321 e A. niger ATCC 16404. 0 extrato foi ativo contra S. aureus, sendo a concentrção inibitória mínbima (bacteriostática) igul a 10 mg/mL. Pela avaliação usando a técnica de difusão em gel, e extrato, mesmo na concentraçao de 60 mg/mL não apresentou atividade inibitótia de crescimento de S. aureus. Da mesma forma, o ácido caurenóico presente no extrato nao apresentou atividade biológica in vitro, indicando ser o efeito avaliado pela técnica anterior devido a presença de outro (s) compostos (s) do extrato mole.

Semi-liquid extracts obtained from leaves and stems of Mikania smilacina DC has been tested for their antimicrobial activity utilizing the serial dilution technique against S. aureus ATCC 6538, E. coli ATCC 10536, C. albicans ATCC 20321 e A. niger ATCC 16404. The results revealed that the extract showed activity against S. aureus and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 10mg/mL. Utilizing the gel diffusion technique the extract even on 60mg/mL concentration showed no growth inhibitory activity against S. aureus.