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Abstract UVB-irradiation increases the risk of various skin disorders, therefore leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. In this sense, antioxidant-rich herbs such as Rosmarinus officinalis may be useful in minimizing the damage promoted by reactive oxygen species. In this work, we report the efficacy of a R. officinalis hydroethanolic extract (ROe)-loaded emulgel in preventing UVB-related skin damage. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay, and the main phytocomponents in the extract were identified by UHPLC-HRMS. Moreover, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) value of ROe was also assessed, and we investigated the in vivo protective effect of an emulgel containing ROe against UVB-induced damage in an animal model. The ROe exhibited commercially viable SPF activity (7.56 ± 0.16) and remarkable polyphenolic content (24.15 ± 0.11 mg (Eq.GA)/g). HPLC-MS and UHPLC-HRMS results showcased that the main compounds in ROe were: rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid and carnosol. The evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant activity demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of ROe against several radicals and the capacity to reduce iron. Therefore, we demonstrated that topical application of the formulation containing ROe inhibited edema formation, myeloperoxidase activity, GSH depletion and maintained ferric reducing (FRAP) and ABTS scavenging abilities of the skin after UVB exposure.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220201058

Silicato de sodio y quitosano: Una alternativa para el control in vitro de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides aislado de papaya (Carica papaya L.)
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Rayón-Díaz, E.

; Birke-Biewendt, A. B.

; Velázquez-Estrada, R. M.

; González-Estrada, R. R.

; Ramírez-Vázquez, M.

; Rosas-Saito, G. H.

; Gutiérrez-Martínez, P.

Revista bio ciencias

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2021, Volume 8 elocation e1059

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of the main fungi that attacks tropical and subtropical fruits. In this study, sodium silicate and chitosan were applied individually and in conjunction at different concentrations to evaluate their efficacy in vitro on mycelial growth and conidia sporulation. Besides, morphological changes on treated fungi were determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sodium silicate alone did not reduce C. gloeosporioides development, only a 9 % inhibition was recorded. In contrast, chitosan treatments ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 % showed the highest effectiveness and decreased fungal development the most (97-99 %). However, the combined treatments showed an additive effect, by inhibiting the mycelial development between 51-99 %. SEM micrographs showed morphological alterations in mycelium development, changes in size, and the presence of deformations. Therefore, these treatments could be used as an eco-friendly alternative in the control of C. gloeosporioides in fruits.

Resumen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides es uno de los principales hongos que ataca a frutos tropicales y subtropicales. En este estudio, se aplicaron tratamientos de silicato de sodio y quitosano individualmente y en conjunto a diferentes concentraciones para evaluar su eficacia in vitro sobre el desarrollo micelial y esporulación de conidios. Además, los cambios morfológicos en los hongos tratados se determinaron mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). El silicato de sodio solo no redujo el desarrollo de C. gloeosporioides, registrando una inhibición del 9 %. Por el contrario, los tratamientos de quitosano que van del 0.1 a 1.5 % mostraron la mayor eficacia y la mayor disminución del desarrollo del hongo (97-99 %). Sin embargo, los tratamientos combinados mostraron un efecto aditivo, al inhibir el desarrollo micelial entre un 51-99 %. Las micrografías SEM mostraron alteraciones morfológicas en el micelio, como cambios de tamaño y presencia de deformaciones. Por tanto, estos tratamientos podrían utilizarse como alternativa ecológica en el control de C. gloeosporioides en frutos.

https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.08.e1059 123 downloads

Clinical biochemistry of rescued Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus): serum or heparinized plasma?
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Morais, J.

; Volpato, J.

; Costa, A.

; Kolesnikovas, C.

; Souza, M.

; Saito, M.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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jun 2019, Volume 71 N. 3 Pages 782 - 790

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de pinguins-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) debilitados vem sendo resgatado e encaminhado aos centros de reabilitação do litoral sul do Brasil para cuidados clínicos e posterior avaliação de reintrodução. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar a viabilidade do plasma heparinizado com a do soro para análises bioquímicas, em condições de reabilitação. Amostras de sangue de 31 pinguins de resgate fisicamente saudáveis foram processadas em amostras pareadas de soro e plasma heparinizado, e 12 parâmetros bioquímicos foram analisados: alanina aminotransferase (ALT), fosfatase alcalina (ALP), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), colesterol (CHOL), creatina quinase (CK), gamaglutamil transpeptidase (GGT), glicose (GLU), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), proteínas totais (TP), triglicérides (TG), ureia (UR) e ácido úrico (UA). Os resultados mostraram que seis amostras pareadas apresentaram sinais visuais de hemólise (escore hemolítico visual≥1), das quais quatro ocorreram exclusivamente no soro. Observaram-se diferenças significativas (P≤0,5) entre os tipos de amostra em CHOL (3%), GLU (6%) e TG (52%), sendo apenas TG considerado clinicamente relevante (>10%). Todos os resultados de médias e medianas situaram-se dentro dos intervalos de referência disponíveis fornecidos pela Associação de Zoológicos e Aquários (AZA). Como conclusão, verificou-se que o plasma heparinizado é uma amostra viável para a bioquímica clínica de pinguins-de-magalhães de resgate, produzindo resultados compatíveis com os do soro. Além disso, a adoção dessa prática favorece uma recuperação mais rápida dos animais, ao diminuir o volume de sangue amostrado, e otimiza os recursos materiais, ao permitir o aproveitamento do mesmo tubo de colheita de hematologia.

ABSTRACT In the last few years, an increasing number of debilitated Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) has been rescued and taken to rehabilitation centers on Brazil’s southern coast to be clinically treated and evaluated for re-introduction. This work aims to compare the viability of heparinized plasma with the viability of serum for biochemistry analyses under rehabilitation conditions. Blood sampled from 31 physically healthy rescued penguins was processed into serum/plasma-paired samples and analyzed for 12 biochemical parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol (CHOL), creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glucose, (GLU) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total proteins (TP), triglycerides (TG), urea (UR), and uric acid (UA).The results showed that six paired samples presented visual signs of hemolysis (visual hemolytic score≥1), four of which occurred exclusively in the serum counterpart. Significant differences (P≤ 0.5) between sample types were found for CHOL (3%), GLU (6%) and TG (52%). Only TG was considered clinically relevant (>10%). All mean/median results fell within the available reference intervals by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (Penguin, 2014). In conclusion, we verified that heparinized plasma is a viable sample for the clinical biochemistry of rescued Magellanic penguins as it yields compatible results with serum, while providing practical benefits. The adoption of this practice favors a faster bird recovery, by minimizing blood sampling volume, and optimizes material resources, allowing use of the same collector tube as for hematology.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9984 928 downloads

Pyrazolyl-Tetrazoles and Imidazolyl-Pyrazoles as Potential Anticoagulants and their Integrated Multiplex Analysis Virtual Screening
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Lourenço, André L. P. G.

; Vegi, Percilene F.

; Faria, Jéssica V.

; Pinto, Gustavo S. P.

; Santos, Maurício S. dos

; Sathler, Plínio C.

; Saito, Max S.

; Santana, Marcos

; Dutra, Tatiana P. P.

; Rodrigues, Carlos R.

; Monteiro, Robson Q.

; Bernardino, Alice M. R.

; Castro, Helena C.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jan 2019, Volume 30 N. 1 Pages 33 - 47

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

This article reports a novel virtual screening algorithm seeking the rational identification of novel lead anticoagulants. Seven 5-(3-methyl-1-aryl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-tetrazoles and seven novel 1-aryl-4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazoles were obtained in three steps starting from arylhydrazine hydrochlorides as raw materials in good yields: 50-72% and 50-85%, respectively. All compounds were submitted to an in silico target-base pipeline named integrated multiplex analysis virtual screening (IMA-VS), which comprises the evaluation of their (i) fitting physicochemical properties to the chemical environment of the target enzyme; (ii) active-site homing electrostatic potential to the target enzyme; (iii) structural fitting to the target active site through molecular docking; and (iv) overall absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) profile. After the virtual selection of potential anticoagulant hits, all molecules were synthesized and candidates were evaluated in vitro for their anticoagulant and hemolytic profile. The most promising candidate pointed out by IMA-VS was compound 1-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole that shown to display factor Xa (FXa)-specific inhibitory activity in vitro, acting as an uncompetitive inhibitor with an inhibition constant (Ki) = 61.16 ± 12.96 µM, in addition to the lowest hemolytic activity of the series. Further experiments revealed the antithrombotic activity of this compound in an in vivo model of arterial thrombosis induced by FeCl3.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180150 940 downloads

Características eletrocardiográficas de éguas da raça Crioula em diferentes fases do período gestacional
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Casa, G.

; Oliveira, M.D.

; Regianini, C.R.

; Lovatel, M.

; Cancelier, C.D.L.

; Xavier, M.G.N.

; Volpato, J.

; Saito, M.E.

; Yonezawa, L.A.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2018, Volume 70 N. 5 Pages 1641 - 1644

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Pregnancy can cause several physiologic changes in mares, including modifications in cardiac output and heart positioning. Therefore, these changes could influence electrocardiographic parameters in various stages of pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the electrocardiogram of Crioulo mares in different pregnancy stages. Nine non pregnant mares (G0), 11 mares at three months (G3), 11 mares at six months (G6) and 11 mares at 10 months of pregnancy (G10) were submitted to electrocardiographic evaluation. There was higher (P= 0,002) heart rate of G10 (60.45±12.16bpm) when compared to other groups (G0=45.67±10.75bpm; G3=44.91±7.91bpm; G6=46.91±9.12bpm), probably because of an increase in cardiac output to uterine perfusion at the end of pregnancy. Normal sinus rhythm was predominant in most of mares of groups G0, G3 and G6, and sinus tachycardia in most of G10 mares. In conclusion, changes in hemodynamics and in cardiac position can influence on the electrocardiogram of pregnant Crioulo mares, but do not cause relevant rhythm or conduction disturbs.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-10480 905 downloads

Avaliação do uso de extratos vegetais para controle da hemoncose em ovinos naturalmente infectados
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Coêlho, Matheus Diniz Gonçalves

; Xavier, Thalyta Baldim

; Costa, Jaqueline Fabiana da

; Maciel, Lucas Tobias Rodrigues

; Bozo, Lilian Saito Ormachea

; Coêlho, Francine Alves da Silva

; Akisue, Gokithi

Revista Ambiente & Água

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apr 2017, Volume 12 N. 2 Pages 331 - 339

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A ovinocultura no Brasil tem sido considerada uma importante prática econômica. Entretanto, há alguns problemas relacionados com esta prática, dentre os quais se destaca a hemoncose. Haemonchus contortus é tido como o principal helminto parasita de ovelhas, considerando-se o fato de ser o único hematófago direto, podendo causar anemia, perda de peso, edema submandibular, baixa qualidade da carne e da lã e óbito de uma grande porcentagem do rebanho. Atualmente, opta-se pelo tratamento alopático para controle da hemoncose, porém, devido ao uso repetitivo, observa-se desenvolvimento crescente de resistência. Neste sentido, a fitoterapia tem se destacado como uma alternativa promissora. Sendo assim, no presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a atividade anti-parasitária de três extratos vegetais: extratos hidroalcoólicos obtidos por percolação de Lepidium didymum e Momordica charantia, e extrato aquoso de Tagetes minuta. Animais da raça santa Inês foram triados para identificação de espécimes parasitados e separados em quatro grupos com seis animais cada, sendo um grupo controle sem tratamento, e os demais tratados com 200 mg/dia (5 mg/kg de peso corpóreo) com os três extratos, durante 5 dias. Após o tratamento foi realizada determinação de OPG (ovos por grama de fezes) pelo método MacMaster com modificação. Observou-se que o os animais dos grupos tratados com os extratos de L. didymum e M. charantia apresentaram redução significativa (p<0,05) do número de OPG observado, portanto, esses extratos podem ser úteis no tratamento da hemoncose ovina.

Abstract Sheep husbandry is considered an important economic practice in Brazil. However, there are problems associated with this practice. Haemonchosis stands out among these, and is known among sheep farmers for being a difficult disease to treat. Haemonchus contortus is considered the main helminth parasite of sheep, due to the fact that it is the only direct blood-sucking parasite, which can cause anemia, weight loss, submandibular swelling (mumps), low quality of meat and wool, and death of a large percentage of the herd. Currently, the predominant treatment is allopathic medicines, but resistance is increasing due to their repetitive use. In this sense, herbal medicine has emerged as a promising alternative. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the in vivo anti-parasitic activity of three plant extracts: hydroalcoholic extracts obtained by the percolation of Lepidium didymum and Momordica charantia and aqueous extract of Tagetes minuta. Animals of the Santa Inês breed were screened to identify parasitized specimens and separated into four groups of six animals each. One was used as an untreated control group, and the others were treated with 200 mg/day (5 mg/kg body weight) of the three extracts for 5 days. After treatment, EPG (eggs per gram of feces) was determined by the Mac Master method with modification. The animals in the groups treated with extracts of L. didymum and M. charantia showed a significant reduction (p <0.05) of EPG. These extracts may therefore be useful in the treatment of sheep haemonchosis.

https://doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2020 2915 downloads

Caracterización morfológica y molecular de aislados de Macrophomina phaseolina asociados a caña de azúcar en México
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Leyva-Mir, Santos G

; Velázquez-Martínez, Guadalupe C

; Tlapal-Bolaños, Bertha

; Tovar-Pedraza, Juan M

; Rosas-Saito, Greta H

; Alvarado-Gómez, Omar G

Revista argentina de microbiología

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jun 2015, Volume 47 N. 2 Pages 143 - 147

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is an important disease of sugarcane in Mexico. This study was carried out to characterize isolates of M. phaseolina obtained from sugarcane by the combination of morphological and molecular analyses. The morphological characterization of 10 isolates was performed using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. To confirm the morphological identification, rDNA from two representative isolates was extracted, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using specific primers MpKF1 and MpKR1. Based on their morphological characteristics, all isolates were identified as M. phaseolina. Moreover, the analysis of two ITS sequences showed 100 % similarity with the M. phaseolina sequences deposited in the GenBank. To our knowledge, this is the first study in the world aimed at characterizing isolates of M. phaseolina obtained from sugarcane.

La pudrición carbonosa, causada por Macrophomina phaseolina, es una enfermedad importante de la caña de azúcar en México. Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de caracterizar aislados de M. phaseolina obtenidos de caña de azúcar mediante análisis morfológicos y moleculares. La caracterización morfológica de 10 aislados se llevó a cabo con el uso de microscopia electrónica de barrido y microscopia de luz. Para confirmar la identificación, se extrajo el ADNr de 2 aislados representativos, y la región del espaciador interno transcrito (ITS) se amplificó mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y se secuenció usando los iniciadores específicos MpKF1 y MpKR1. Los aislados se identificaron como M. phaseolina con base en la morfología. El análisis de secuencias ITS mostró 100 % de similitud con las secuencias de M. phaseolina depositadas en el GenBank. Para nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer estudio del mundo enfocado a caracterizar aislados de M. phaseolina obtenidos de caña de azúcar.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2015.03.003 517 downloads

Alkaline extraction of humic substances from peat applied to organic-mineral fertilizer production
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Saito, B.

; Seckler, M. M.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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sep 2014, Volume 31 N. 3 Pages 675 - 682

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

An organic-mineral fertilizer based on humic substances (HSs) and potassium was developed based on the alkaline extraction of HSs from peat. The HSs have interesting properties for use as a fertilizer since they improve the physical and chemical structure of the soil and provide a source of organic carbon which is readily absorbable by the plants, whereas potassium is a primary nutrient for plants. It was found that highly decomposed peats containing a small inorganic fraction are more favorable for the extraction of HSs. Using these peats, organic-mineral fertilizers that meet the Brazilian legislation have been obtained for a peat-extractant mixture containing 2.57 wt% total organic content (TOC), a K2O/TOC ratio of 1 wt% and an extraction time of 12 hours.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00002512 63678 downloads

Detection of Mogibacterium timidum in subgingival biofilm of aggressive and non-diabetic and diabetic chronic periodontitis patients
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Casarin, Renato Corrêa Viana

; Saito, Daniel

; Santos, Vanessa Renata

; Pimentel, Suzana Peres

; Duarte, Poliana Mendes

; Casati, Márcio Zaffalon

; Gonçalves, Reginaldo Bruno

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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sep 2012, Volume 43 N. 3 Pages 931 - 937

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of detection of Mogibacterium timidum in subgingival samples of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and uncontrolled diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis (GChP). 48 patients with GAgP, 50 non-diabetic and 39 uncontrolled (glycated hemoglobin >7%) type 2 diabetic subjects with GChP were enrolled in this study. Subgingival biofilm were collected from deep pockets (probing depth > 7 mm). After DNA extraction, M. timidum was detected by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction and chi-square test was used to data analysis (p>0.05). There were no differences in the frequency of detection of M. timidum between subjects with GAgP (35%) and non-diabetic subjects with GChP (40%) (p>0.05). The frequency of detection of M. timidum was significantly higher in deep pockets of diabetic subjects with GChP (56%) when compared to GAgP (p<0.05), but similar to non-diabetic subjects with GChP (p>0.05). The frequency of detection of M. timidum was higher in subjects GChP presenting uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, when compared to GAgP subjects.

2015 downloads

10.

Zoneamento dos desastres naturais ocorridos no estado do Rio Grande do Sul no período 1989 - 2009: granizo e vendaval
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Nedel, Anderson

; Sausen, Tania M.

; Saito, Silvia M.

Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia

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jul 2012, Volume 27 N. 2 Pages 119 - 126

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Esse estudo tem por objetivo realizar um zoneamento das ocorrências de granizo e vendaval no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), entre os anos 1989 e 2009. Foram utilizados os registros de ocorrências dos eventos (com e sem decretação de situação de emergência), obtidos junto à Coordenadoria Estadual de Defesa Civil do RS (CEDEC), a fim de analisar o período de maior freqüência de ocorrências e as regiões mais atingidas por esses eventos. Os resultados mostraram que, em relação aos eventos de granizo a estação mais favorável para sua ocorrência é a primavera (290 eventos), seguida do inverno (132 eventos). As áreas que apresentaram as maiores ocorrências localizaram-se na metade norte do Estado, dentre as quais se destacaram como mais atingidas o Alto Uruguai (217 eventos) e Planalto Médio (90 eventos). As regiões da Depressão Central e das Missões também foram bastante atingidas por tais tempestades, porém com uma freqüência ligeiramente menor (83 e 70 eventos). Com relação aos vendavais, as regiões mais afetadas foram as do Alto Uruguai (271 eventos), Planalto Médio (120), Depressão Central (116) e Missões (96 eventos), e o período de maior ocorrência foi a primavera (novembro e outubro). Regiões como o Litoral (24), Encosta do Sudeste (13) e Serra do Sudeste (11) registraram poucos episódios durante os vinte anos estudados, o que caracteriza a porção Sul do estado como a menos preferencial a esses extremos de tempo. Foi mostrado também, que esses eventos adversos não acontecem somente em anos com a presença dos fenômenos climáticos El Niño e La Niña. Houve ocorrências de intensos episódios em anos classificados como neutros (ausência dos fenômenos).

This paper aims to carry out a mapping of wind storms and hails natural disasters occurred in Rio Grande do Sul state during the period from 1989 to 2009. Records of the events were obtained at the State Civil Defense Authority to analyze the preferential period for these occurrences and the most affected areas by these events. The results showed that most of the hails occurred in spring (290 events) and in winter (132 events), and the most affected regions were Alto Uruguai (217 events) and Planalto Médio (90 events). The regions of Depressão Central and Missões were also affected, but with a slightly lower frequency (83 and 70 events). Regarding to wind storms, the most affected areas were those located in the northern half of the state: Alto Uruguai (271 events), Planalto Médio (120), Depressão Central (116) and Missões (90), and the highest occurrence were observed in the spring season (preferential period), in the months November and October . In the Sea Shore, Southeast coast and Southeast mountains regions few episodes of hails and wind storms have occurred (24, 13 and 11 events respectively), characterizing the south region of the State as the most improbable region for the occurrence of these extreme events. It was also found that hail and wind storms did not occur only in years with presence of the El Niño and La Niña climatic events. They also occurred in periods without the influence of these phenomena (normal years).

4039 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

11.

Supercritical CO2 extraction of raw propolis and its dry ethanolic extract
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Paviani, L. C.

; Saito, E.

; Dariva, C.

; Marcucci, M. C.

; Sánchez-Camargo, A. P.

; Cabral, F. A.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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jun 2012, Volume 29 N. 2 Pages 243 - 251

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Three types of propolis extract were prepared and analyzed with respect to their global extraction yields and with respect to the concentration of the following markers: 3,5-diprenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid; 3-prenyl-4-hydroxycinnamic acid; 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and 4-methoxy-3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone. The extract EEP (ethanolic extract of propolis) was obtained by the conventional method from raw propolis using ethanol as solvent. The extracts (SFE) were obtained by supercritical solvent extraction from the raw propolis using supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2), with and without the addition of ethanol as a co-solvent. The fractionated supercritical extracts (FSCE) were obtained by fractionation (extract and raffinate) of the dry EEP with sc-CO2. EEP yields of 39.5% were obtained and maximum global extraction yields were 7.3% for SFE with no co-solvent, 51% for SFE with 15% ethanol and 18% for the FSCE extract fraction. The concentrations of the markers in the different extracts differed as a function of the operational parameters, indicating that the addition of co-solvent and the selectivity of sc-CO2 could be manipulated so as to obtain extracts with the yields and concentrations of interest.

8157 downloads Cited 3 times in SciELO

12.

Detection of Lsr2 gene of Mycobacterium leprae in nasal mucus
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Custodio, Luiz Antonio

; Saito, Alexandre

; Amarante, Marla Karine

; Fujita, Thiago Cezar

; Perim, Aparecida de Lourdes

; Costa, Ivete Conchon

; Felipe, Ionice

; Jankevicius, Shiduca Itow

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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jun 2012, Volume 55 N. 3 Pages 375 - 380

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In the present study, nasal mucus from patients with leprosy were analyzed by PCR using specific primers for Lsr2 gene of Mycobacterium leprae. The presence of Lsr2 gene in the nasal mucus was detected in 25.80% of patients with paucibacillari leprosy, and 23.07% of contacts. Despite the absence of clinical features in the contact individuals, it was possible to detect the presence of Lsr2 gene in the nasal mucus of these individuals. Therefore, PCR detection of M. leprae targeting Lsr2 gene using nasal mucus samples could contribute to early diagnosis of leprosy.

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13.

Caracterização morfológica do fruto, da semente e do desenvolvimento da plântula de Blepharocalyx salicifolius (H.B.K.) Berg. e Myrceugenia gertii Landrum - Myrtaceae
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Rego, Suelen Santos

; Nogueira, Antonio Carlos

; Kuniyoshi, Yoshiko Saito

; Santos, Álvaro Figueredo Dos

Revista Brasileira de Sementes

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sep 2010, Volume 32 N. 3 Pages 52 - 60

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo neste trabalho foi caracterizar morfologicamente os frutos, as sementes e o desenvolvimento da plântula de Blepharocalyx salicifolius e Myrceugenia gertii. Para descrever os frutos e sementes foram utilizadas 100 unidades e para a descrição do desenvolvimento da plântula foram colocadas para germinar 100 sementes em substrato papel toalha, à temperatura de 25 ºC e 50 sementes em substrato vermiculita. Os frutos de B. salicifolius e M. gertii são carnosos e indeiscentes do tipo bacóide. As sementes de B. salicifolius possuem forma de espiral, coloração castanha semitransparente, não possuem endosperma e o embrião é do tipo pimentóide. As sementes de M. gertii são ovaladas, de coloração castanha semitransparente, comprimidas lateralmente, o endosperma é mucilaginoso e o embrião é do tipo mircióide. A germinação de ambas é epígea fanerocotiledonar.

The objective of this study was to morphologically characterize the fruits, seeds and developing seedlings of Blepharocalyx salicifolius and Myrceugenia gertii. One hundred fruits and seeds were used for the morphological description and to follow seedling development, 100 seeds were placed in a paper towel substrate at a temperature of 25 ºC and 50 seeds in vermiculite. The fruits of B. salicifolius and M. gertii are fleshy and indehiscent and of the bacoideus type. The seeds of B. salicifolius have a spiral shape, are a brown transparent color, have no endosperm and the embryo is of the pimentoid type. The seeds of M. gertii are oval, have a transparent brown color, are laterally compressed with a mucilaginous endosperm and the embryo is of the myrcioid type. The germination of both is epigeous phanerocotyledonal.

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14.

Exploração farmacológica do sistema endocanabinoide: novas perspectivas para o tratamento de transtornos de ansiedade e depressão?
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Saito, Viviane M.

; Wotjak, Carsten T.

; Moreira, Fabrício A.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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may 2010, Volume 32 Suppl. 1 Pages 57 - 514

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: Este artigo revisa o sistema endocanabinoide e as respectivas estratégias de intervenções farmacológicas. MÉTODO: Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura sobre o sistema endocanabinoide e a sua farmacologia, considerando-se artigos originais ou de revisão escritos em inglês. DISCUSSÃO: Canabinoides são um grupo de compostos presentes na Cannabis Sativa (maconha), a exemplo do Δ9-tetraidrocanabinol e seus análogos sintéticos. Estudos sobre o seu perfil farmacológico levaram à descoberta do sistema endocanabinoide do cérebro de mamíferos. Este sistema é composto por pelo menos dois receptores acoplados a uma proteína G, CB1 e CB2, pelos seus ligantes endógenos (endocanabinoides; a exemplo da anandamida e do 2-araquidonoil glicerol) e pelas enzimas responsáveis por sintetizá-los e metabolizá-los. Os endocanabinoides representam uma classe de mensageiros neurais que são sintetizados sob demanda e liberados de neurônios pós-sinápticos para restringir a liberação de neurotransmissores clássicos de terminais pré-sinápticos. Esta sinalização retrógrada modula uma diversidade de funções cerebrais, incluindo ansiedade, medo e humor, em que a ativação de receptores CB1 pode exercer efeitos dos tipos ansiolítico e antidepressivo em estudos préclínicos. CONCLUSÃO: Experimentos com modelos animais sugerem que drogas que facilitam a ação dos endocanabinoides podem representar uma nova estratégia para o tratamento de transtornos de ansiedade e depressão.

OBJECTIVE: The present review provides a brief introduction into the endocannabinoid system and discusses main strategies of pharmacological interventions. METHOD: We have reviewed the literature relating to the endocannabinoid system and its pharmacology; both original and review articles written in English were considered. DISCUSSION: Cannabinoids are a group of compounds present in Cannabis Sativa (hemp), such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and their synthetic analogues. Research on their pharmacological profile led to the discovery of the endocannabinoid system in the mammalian brain. This system comprises at least two G-protein coupled receptors, CB1 and CB2, their endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids; e.g. the fatty acid derivatives anandamide and 2-arachydonoyl glycerol), and the enzymes responsible for endocannabinoid synthesis and catabolism. Endocannabinoids represent a class of neuromessengers, which are synthesized on demand and released from post-synaptic neurons to restrain the release of classical neurotransmitters from pre-synaptic terminals.This retrograde signalling modulates a variety of brain functions, including anxiety, fear and mood, whereby activation of CB1 receptors was shown to exert anxiolytic-and antidepressant-like effects in preclinical studies. CONCLUSION: Animal experiments suggest that drugs promoting endocannabinoid action may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders.

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15.

Infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina adquiridas en la comunidad en niños antes sanos y en niños relacionados al hospital en la Argentina
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Paganini, M, Hugo

; Della L, Paula

; Muller O, Beatriz

; Ezcurra, Gustavo

; Uranga, Macarena

; Aguirre, Clarisa

; Ensinck, Gabriela

; Miranda, Marys Kamiya, M. Rosa

; Ciriaci, Cristina

; Hernández, Claudia

; Casimir, Lidia

; Rial, M. José

; Schenonne, Norma

; Ronchi, Estela

; Rodríguez, M. del Carmen

; Aprile, Fabiana

; De Ricco, Catalina

; Saito, Viviana

; Vrátnica, Claudia

; Pons, Laura

; Ernst, Adriana

; Morinigo, Sandra

; Toffoli, Marcelo

; Bosque, Celia

; Monzani, Victoria

; Mónaco, Andrea

; Pinheiro, José L

; López, M. del Pilar

; Maninno, Leonardo

; Sarkis, Claudia

Revista chilena de infectología

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oct 2009, Volume 26 N. 5 Pages 406 - 412

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections (CA-MRSA) are prevalent in several countries of the world. These infections seem to differ clinically from those occurring within the health care system (HCS-MRSA). Objective: To compare clinical characteristics of infections by CA-MRSA and HCA-MRSA in the same communitty. Material and Methods: Prospective, multicentric and comparative study. Children with clinically and microbiologicaly documented CA-MRSA were included. Results: Between 11/2006 and 11/2007, 840 infections caused by S. aureus were diagnosed. Of them 582 (68%) were community-acquired. Among these 356 (61%) were CA-MRSA. In this group, 75 (21%) were HCA-MRSA and 281 (79%) CA-MRSA. The median age was 36months (range: 1-201). Chronic skindisease (13) and chronic disease of CNS (9) were the underlying disease predominant. Children with CA-MRSAhad more frequency of previous antibiotic treatment (63 vs 34%) and previous medical consult (76 vs 52%), invasive procedures (31 vs 8%), surgery (15 vs 0,3%) and fever (94 vs 74%) (p = <05). Children with CA-MRSAhad subcutaneous abscesses (34 vs 15%) (p = <.05) more frequently. Bacteremia and sepsis rate was similar in both groups (21 vs 18%) and 17 vs 11%) respectively) (p = NS). Antibiotic resistance was more frequent in children with HCA-MRSA: Rifampin (7 vs 1%), trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole (7 vs 1%) and clindamycin (25 vs 9%) (p = <.05). Four children (5%) with HCA-MRSA infections died and 3 (1%) mCA-MRSAgroup (p = .05). Conclusión: Children with HCA-MRSA infections more frequent antibiotic resistance than CA-MRSA should be reconsider the empiric antibiotic treatment of community-acquired infections in children in our área.

Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus meticilina-resistente proveniente de la comunidad (SAMRC) es altamente prevalente en diversos países del planeta. Objetivos: Realizar un análisis clínico comparativo entre las infecciones por SAMRC en niños antes sanos (SAMR-CO) y aquellos con S. aureus MR en pacientes con patologías previas (SAMR-RH). Material y Métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, prospectivo y comparativo. Fueron incluidos los niños que tenían infección clínica y microbiológicamente documentada por SAMRC. Resultados: Entre 11/2006 y 11/2007 fueron diagnosticadas 840 infecciones porS. aureus. De ellas 582 (69%) fueron detectadas en la comunidad. Entre estas 356 (61%) fueron SAMRC. Entre estas últimas 75 (21%) fueron SAMR-RH y 281 (79%) SAMR-CO. La mediana de edad fue de 36 meses (rango: 1-201). Las enfermedades de base más frecuentes fueron: dermatopatías crónicas (13) y enfermedad crónica del SNC (9). Los niños con infección por SAMR-RH presentaron con mayor frecuencia tratamiento antimicrobiano previo (63 vs 34%), consultas médicas previas (76 vs 52%), procedimiento invasor previo (31 vs 8%o), cirugía (15 vs 0,3%) y fiebre al momento de la consulta (94 vs 74%) (p < 0,05). Los niños con infección por SAMR-CO tuvieron con mayor frecuencia abscesos subcutáneos (34 vs 15%) (p < 0,05). La tasa de bacteriemia y se sepsis fue semejante en ambos grupos (21 vs 18% y 17 vs 11%)) (p =NS). La resistencia a antimicrobianos fue mayor en niños con SAMR-RH: rifampicina (7 vs l%o), cotrimoxazol (7 vs 1%) y clindamicina (25 vs 9%) (p < 0,05). Fallecieron 4 niños con SAMR-RH (5%) y 3 niños con SAMR-CO (1%) (p = 0,05). Conclusión: Los niños con SAMR-RH presentan mayor tasa de resistencia a antimicrobianos que SAMR-CO. Debe replantearse el tratamiento antimicrobiano empírico en niños con infecciones provenientes de la comunidad en nuestro medio.

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