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1.
Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents: comparison of two versions of the Brazilian Ministry of Health scoring system
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Carvalho, Roberta Feijó
; Carvalho, Anna Cristina Calçada
; Velarde, Luis Guillermo Coca
; Rossoni, Andrea Maciel de Oliveira
; Aurilio, Rafaela Baroni
; Sias, Selma Maria de Azevedo
; Schmidt, Christiane Mello
; Moreira, Adriana da Silva Rezende
; Martins, Pedro da Silva
; Gonçalves, Lorrayne Isidoro
; Martire, Terezinha Miceli
; Barbosa, Ana Paula Ferreira
; Santos, Ana Paula Quintanilha dos
; Romanelli, Roberta Maia de Castro
; Oliveira, Maria das Graças Rodrigues de
; Diniz, Lilian Martins Oliveira
; Carvalho, Andrea Lucchesi de
; Lucena, Sheila Cunha
; Cruz, Maria Letícia Santos
; Saavedra, Mariza Curto
; Tahan, Tony Tannous
; Rodrigues, Cristina de Oliveira
; Kritski, Afrânio Lineu
; Sant’Anna, Clemax Couto
; Cardoso, Claudete Aparecida Araújo
; Sant’Anna, Maria de Fátima Bazhuni Pombo
.


























Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
- Journal Metrics
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between two versions of the scoring system (2011 and 2019), recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in children and adolescents. A retrospective descriptive study was performed to assess the medical records of children and adolescents with PTB, in TB units from Brazilian cities located in Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and Parana States, from January 1 st , 2004, to December 1 st , 2018. Patients aged 0 to 18 years old with a diagnosis of PTB were included. The comparison between the two scoring systems showed a moderate concordance according to the κ coefficient value = 0.625. Fourteen patients showed a reduction in the TB score, going from 30 points in the 2011, to 25 points or less in the 2019 one. Seventy one percent of these 14 patients had radiological changes suggestive of PTB and 86% had tuberculin skin tests greater than 10 mm. The study concluded that a moderate agreement was observed between the 2011 and 2019 scoring systems, with an increase in the number of patients scoring 25 points or less in 2019, which can eventually hinder the diagnosis of PTB.
2.
Calidad de vida en pacientes con disfagia neurogénica
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Toledo-Rodríguez, Lilian
; Tobar-Fredes, Rodrigo
; Tapia-Saavedra, Sara
; Jofré A., Claudia
; Lizama O., Viviana
; Luchsinger E., Boris
; Vásquez C., Tamara
; Yalul Ñ, Catalina
.








Introduction: Dysphagia or swallowing disorder is a common symptom of different neurological diseases. The assessment traditionally focuses on describing the mechanism of alteration and the degree of severity, but rarely does it explore the impact it has on the quality of life of the person. Method: Twenty-seven people with neurogenic dysphagia (60.04 ± 14.14 years, 10 men) were assessment with the self-administered quality of life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL-Ch), which was adapted in Chile. It was compared with a control group of 113 participants (51.42 ± 7.62 years, 46 men) and the influence of sex and etiology was determined. Results: Patients with neurogenic dysphagia presented significant differences in all SWAL-QOL-Ch scales in relation to the control group. In the variable sex, difference is observed only in “duration of feeding”, no differences were observed by etiology. Conclusions: Patients with neurogenic dysphagia have altered their quality of life, especially in relation to the time they take to eat.
Resumen Introducción: La disfagia o trastorno de la deglución es un síntoma frecuente de diferentes enfermedades neurológicas. La evaluación tradicionalmente se enfoca en describir el mecanismo de alteración y el grado de severidad, pero pocas veces se explora el impacto que tiene en la calidad de vida de la persona. Método: Se evaluaron 27 personas con disfagia neurogénica (60,04 ± 14,14 años, 10 hombres) con el cuestionario autoadministrado de calidad de vida en disfagia (SWAL-QOL-Ch), el cual fue adaptado en Chile. Se comparó con un grupo control de 113 participantes (51,42 ± 7,62 años, 46 hombres) y se determinó la influencia del sexo y etiología. Resultados: Los pacientes con disfagia neurogénica presentan diferencias significativas en todas las escalas del SWAL-QOL-Ch en relación al grupo control. Por sexo se observa diferencia solo en “duración de la alimentación”, no encontrándose diferencias por etiología. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con disfagia neurogénica ven alterada su calidad de vida, especialmente en relación al tiempo que demoran en alimentarse.
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3.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
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Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
4.
Eficacia del Albendazol en dosis única sobre las infecciones por helmintos transmitidos por el suelo en escolares de una comunidad de Iquitos, Perú
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Gyorkos, Theresa W.
; Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu
; Blouin, Brittany
; Saavedra, Lilian
; Casapía, Martin
.





Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública
- Journal Metrics
Objectives. To determine the efficacy of single-dose albendazole (400 mg) for soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) in schoolchildren living in one community of the city of Iquitos, Perú. Materials and methods. Within the context of a randomized controlled trial performed in a peri-urban community of limited resources located in Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon, stool specimens were collected from Grade 5 schoolchildren in 18 schools and analysed for STH prevalence and intensity. A total of 1,193 school-age children were then dewormed with single-dose albendazole (400 mg). Of the 909 children who were found positive with at least one STH infection, a random sample of 385 was followed two weeks later when a second stool specimen was collected and analyzed. Results. The efficacy of albendazole was satisfactory: for Ascaris lumbricoides , with an egg reduction rate (ERR) of 99.8%; (95% CI: 99.3-100); for hookworm, with an ERR of 93.6 %; (95% CI: 88.2-96.6) and, for Trichuris trichiura, with an ERR of 72.7 %; (95% CI: 58.5-79.1). Conclusions. These results are consistent with previous data published on the efficacy of albendazole and the directives of the World Health Organization. Future research should focus on improving the efficacy of the treatment strategies for Trichuris trichiura infection.
Objetivos. Determinar la eficacia en dosis única del albendazol sobre las infecciones por helmintos transmitidos por el suelo (HTS) en escolares de una comunidad de la ciudad de Iquitos en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Dentro del contexto de un ensayo controlado aleatorizado realizado en una comunidad periurbana de escasos recursos, situada en Iquitos, en la Amazonía de Perú, se obtuvieron muestras de heces de escolares del quinto grado de primaria en 18 escuelas y se analizó la prevalencia y la intensidad de HTS. Un total de 1193 escolares fueron desparasitados con albendazol en dosis única (400 mg). De los 909 escolares que fueron encontrados positivos con al menos una infección por HTS, una muestra aleatoria de 385 fue seguida dos semanas más tarde, cuando se recolectó y analizó una segunda muestra de heces. Resultados. La eficacia del albendazol fue satisfactoria para las infecciones por Ascaris lumbricoides con una tasa de reducción de huevos (TRH) de 99,8%; IC 95: 99,3-100 y por anquilostomideos con una TRH de 93,6%, IC 95%: 88,2-96,6 y por Trichuris trichiura con una TRH de 72,7%, IC 95: 58,5-79,1. Conclusiones. Estos resultados son indicativos de niveles satisfactorios de eficacia y son congruentes con datos publicados sobre la eficacia del albendazol y directivas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Futuras investigaciones deben centrarse en mejorar la eficacia de las estrategias de tratamiento para la infección por Trichuris trichiura.
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5.
Eficacia del Albendazol en dosis única sobre las infecciones por helmintos transmitidos por el suelo en escolares de una comunidad de Iquitos, Perú
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Gyorkos, Theresa W
; Maheu-Giroux, Mathieu
; Blouin, Brittany
; Saavedra, Lilian
; Casapía, Martin
.





Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica
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Objectives. To determine the efficacy of single-dose albendazole (400 mg) for soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) in schoolchildren living in one community of the city of Iquitos, Perú. Materials and methods. Within the context of a randomized controlled trial performed in a peri-urban community of limited resources located in Iquitos in the Peruvian Amazon, stool specimens were collected from Grade 5 schoolchildren in 18 schools and analysed for STH prevalence and intensity. A total of 1,193 school-age children were then dewormed with single-dose albendazole (400 mg). Of the 909 children who were found positive with at least one STH infection, a random sample of 385 was followed two weeks later when a second stool specimen was collected and analyzed. Results. The efficacy of albendazole was satisfactory: for Ascaris lumbricoides , with an egg reduction rate (ERR) of 99.8%; (95% CI: 99.3-100); for hookworm, with an ERR of 93.6 %; (95% CI: 88.2-96.6) and, for Trichuris trichiura, with an ERR of 72.7 %; (95% CI: 58.5-79.1). Conclusions. These results are consistent with previous data published on the efficacy of albendazole and the directives of the World Health Organization. Future research should focus on improving the efficacy of the treatment strategies for Trichuris trichiura infection.
Objetivos. Determinar la eficacia en dosis única del albendazol sobre las infecciones por helmintos transmitidos por el suelo (HTS) en escolares de una comunidad de la ciudad de Iquitos en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Dentro del contexto de un ensayo controlado aleatorizado realizado en una comunidad periurbana de escasos recursos, situada en Iquitos, en la Amazonía de Perú, se obtuvieron muestras de heces de escolares del quinto grado de primaria en 18 escuelas y se analizó la prevalencia y la intensidad de HTS. Un total de 1193 escolares fueron desparasitados con albendazol en dosis única (400 mg). De los 909 escolares que fueron encontrados positivos con al menos una infección por HTS, una muestra aleatoria de 385 fue seguida dos semanas más tarde, cuando se recolectó y analizó una segunda muestra de heces. Resultados. La eficacia del albendazol fue satisfactoria para las infecciones por Ascaris lumbricoides con una tasa de reducción de huevos (TRH) de 99,8%; IC 95: 99,3-100 y por anquilostomideos con una TRH de 93,6%, IC 95%: 88,2-96,6 y por Trichuris trichiura con una TRH de 72,7%, IC 95: 58,5-79,1. Conclusiones. Estos resultados son indicativos de niveles satisfactorios de eficacia y son congruentes con datos publicados sobre la eficacia del albendazol y directivas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Futuras investigaciones deben centrarse en mejorar la eficacia de las estrategias de tratamiento para la infección por Trichuris trichiura.
6.
Manifestaciones clínicas de la granulomatosis de Wegener y la poliangeítis microscópica en Santiago-Chile, 1990-2001
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Cisternas M, Marcela
; Soto S, Lilian
; Jacobelli G, Sergio
; Marinovic M, María Angélica
; Vargas B, Alex
; Sobarzo V, Elizabeth
; Saavedra M, Jorge
; Chauan I, Karina
; Meléndez T, Gabriela
; Foster B, Carolina
; Pacheco R, Daniel
; Wainstein G, Eduardo
.












Background: Systemic vasculitis are a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by inflammation and necrosis of blood vessel walls. The etiology is not known, but geographic and environmental factors are implicated. Aim: To describe the clinical features of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) in a Chilean cohort of patients. Patients and methods: Retrospective review of the medical records of 123 patients with the diagnosis of systemic vasculitis (65 MPA and 58 WG), seen from 1990 to 2001. The diagnosis were made based on the American College of Rheumatology and Chapel Hill criteria. Results: The mean follow-up for MPA was 15 months (1-120) and for WG, 20 months (1-120). The median age (years) at diagnosis for MPA was 61 (19-82) and WG 50 (20-82). Gender distribution was similar in both groups (male: 68% and 57% respectively).The main clinical features in the MPA group were renal involvement (68%), peripheral nervous system involvement (57%), pulmonary hemorrhage (28%), and skin disease (32%). In the WG group were alveolar hemorrhage (62%), renal involvement (78%), paranasal sinus involvement (57%), and ocular disease (26%). In both, creatinine levels above 2.0 mg/dl were associated with a higher mortality (p< 0.01). ANCA by immunofluorescence was performed in 56 MPA patients (75% had pANCA, 4% had cANCA and 21% were ANCA negative) and in 55 WG patients (17% had pANCA, 79% had cANCA and 4% were ANCA negative). Global mortality was 18% and 17% respectively, and the most common causes of death were infections. Conclusions: The clinical features of our patients are similar to other published data. In our WG and MPA patients the main predictor for death was a serum creatinine above 2 mg/dl. (Rev Méd Chile 2005; 133: 273-8)
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7.
Influence of metal ions on pellet morphology and polygalacturonase synthesis by Aspergillus niger 3T5B8
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Couri, Sônia
; Pinto, Gustavo Adolfo Saavedra
; Senna, Lilian Ferreira de
; Martelli, Hebe Labarthe
.




The effects of cations addition on pellet morphology and polygalacturonase (PG) synthesis by Aspergillus niger 3T5B8 were studied and compared with a control system. Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) were added to the fermentation medium separately, and also as combined groups of cations. The addition of Fe2+ and/or Zn2+ ions was significantly positive to the enzyme production. A positive effect in the biomass content, however, was only obtained when the same metal ions were added separately. On the other hand, Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions had almost no effect on these parameters. The morphology of the pellets was studied by image processing techniques. Small pellets with small cores were usually obtained when Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions were individually or collectively added to the medium. The pellets produced in media containing Fe2+ or Zn2+ ions were compact, while the ones produced in a medium containing both cations were considered diffuse. Autolysis of the core was observed for large control pellets, due to the deficient nutrient transfer to the interior of the pellet. The pellets obtained in a medium containing both Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions were high enzyme producers, probably due to a loose morphology, induced by the presence of combined groups of metal ions in the medium, favoring the nutrient transfer.
O efeito da adição de cátions na morfologia do agregado e na síntese de poligalacturonase (PG) por Aspergillus niger 3T5B8 foi estudado e comparado com um sistema controle. Fe(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) foram adicionados ao meio de fermentação, tanto separadamente, como em grupos de cátions. A adição dos íons Fe2+ e/ou Zn2+ foi positivamente significante para a produção da enzima. Um efeito similar no teor de biomassa, contudo, só pode ser observado quando os mesmos íons foram adicionados isoladamente. Por outro lado, os íons Cu2+ e Mn2+ não afetaram significativamente estes parâmetros. Utilizando-se técnicas de processamento de imagens para o estudo da morfologia dos pellets, observou-se que pequenos aglomerados, com pequenos núcleos, foram geralmente obtidos quando os cátions Fe2+ e Zn2+ foram adicionados ao meio, seja isolada ou simultaneamente. Os aglomerados produzidos em meios contendo íons Fe2+ ou Zn2+ eram compactos, enquanto que aqueles produzidos em meios contendo ambos os cátions foram considerados difusos. A autólise do núcleo foi observada para os grandes agregados produzidos no meio controle, devido ao transporte deficiente de nutrientes para o seu interior. Os agregados produzidos em meio contendo os íons Fe2+ e Zn2+ foram grandes produtores de enzima, provavelmente devido a uma morfologia mais "frouxa", induzida pela presença combinada destes metais no meio, favorecendo o transporte de nutrientes.
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