Abstract The fruit of Spondias mombin (cajazeira) is widely consumed in the northeast region of Brazil. In this work, three different extraction methods, namely ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), turbo-extraction (TE) and pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), were evaluated in order to investigate the potential of cajazeira leaves as an alternative source of bioactive compounds. The extraction methods were compared in terms of yield, chemical composition and total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts. The highest yields and TPC values were obtained by TE with a mixture ethanol: water (70:30%, v/v) as the solvent. PHWE has not yet been applied for the extraction of cajazeira leaves. Thus, it was evaluated as one alternative for the recovery of phenolic compounds under conditions of 80, 100 and 120 °C and 100 and 120 bar. A modeling study of PHWE kinetics was investigated at 80 °C and 200 bar. Furthermore, a biorefinery approach considering integrated processes to recover bioactive compounds was investigated and the results showed that combining processes may enhance the valorization of agricultural waste.

Abstract Objective In this systematic review (SR), the authors aimed to identify the possible impact of the social restriction imposed by the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on children/adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Data sources This SR was registered on PROSPERO CRD42021255569. Eligible articles were selected from PubMed, Embase, and LILACS, according to the following characteristics: ADHD patients < 18 years old, exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the outcomes, medications, relationships, sleep, media use, remote learning, and comorbidities such as depression/sadness, inattention, anxiety, and irritability/aggressiveness. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies was used to assess methodological quality and the risk of bias. Summary of findings Of the 222 articles identified, 27 were included, with information on 7,235 patients. Most studies (n = 22) were cross-sectional and received a mean NOS 4.63/10 followed by longitudinal (n = 4) with 3.75/8 points and case-control (n = 1), with 3/9 points. The pandemic affected patients’ access to treatment, behavior, and sleep. Difficulties in remote learning and increased use of social media were described, as well as significant and positive changes in relationships with family and peers. Conclusion Although the studies were heterogeneous, they indicated that the pandemic-related issues experienced by patients with ADHD were mostly manifested affecting their behavior and sleep patterns.

ABSTRACT The low germination values found in the literature for Butia eriospatha may reflect the physiology of the specie's seeds, which, in addition to having dormancy, may have a recalcitrant behavior in relation to drying and storage. Therefore, the objective of this work was to classify the seeds as to desiccation tolerance, using fast and slow drying methods, and to define the critical and lethal water contents. Seeds were collected in Lages/SC, processed and immediately tested for viability (tetrazolium test) and water content determined. The seeds were submitted to the protocol proposed by Hong and Ellis (1996), with adaptations in relation to the drying methods. Drying by fast (oven and silica gel) and slow (Magnesium Chloride) methods were used. The critical and lethal moistures were also defined by means of slow drying (Magnesium Chloride) at levels of 18%, 16%, 14%, 12% and 10%. It is concluded that Butia eriospatha seeds are classified as recalcitrant, and moisture values close to 14% as critical and 10% as lethal.

RESUMO Os baixos valores de germinação encontrados na literatura para Butia eriospatha podem ser reflexo da fisiologia das sementes da espécie, que além de apresentarem dormência podem ter comportamento recalcitrante em relação à secagem e ao armazenamento. Diante disso, objetivou-se com o trabalho classificar as sementes da espécie quanto à tolerância à dessecação, utilizando métodos de secagem rápida e lenta, e definir os teores de água crítico e letal. As sementes foram coletadas em Lages/SC, beneficiadas e imediatamente foi realizado teste de viabilidade (teste de tetrazólio) e determinado o teor de água. As sementes foram submetidas ao protocolo proposto por Hong e Ellis (1996), com adaptações em relação aos métodos de secagem. Foram usadas secagens por métodos rápidos (estufa e sílica gel) e lento (cloreto de magnésio). Foram definidas, ainda, as umidades crítica e letal, por meio de secagem lenta a teores de 18%, 16%, 14%, 12% e 10%. Conclui-se que as sementes de Butia eriospatha são classificadas como recalcitrantes, e os valores de umidade próximos a 14% como crítico e a 10% como letal.

Resumo Objetivo descrever as internações por efeitos do abuso de álcool e outras drogas e os fatores associados ao óbito. Métodos estudo transversal, observacional e retrospectivo, com dados secundários de 3.562 internações registradas no Centro de Informação e Assistência Toxicológica de um hospital de ensino no noroeste do Paraná, por vigilância epidemiológica de busca ativa, entre os anos 2009 e 2018. Os dados foram tratados por análise univariada (teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste exato de Fisher). Resultados houve predomínio do sexo masculino (89,6%), e a média de idade foi de 43,62 anos (±16 anos). A maioria das internações foi por eventos traumáticos e outras causas externas (52,1%) associadas ao uso/abuso de bebida alcoólica (85,8%). O tempo médio de internação foi de 34,6 dias; 6,0% evoluíram a óbitos. Houve a associação entre o risco para óbitos e doenças endócrinas/metabólicas, cardiovasculares, gastrintestinais e geniturinárias. Conclusão as internações com maior gravidade aumentam a incidência de óbitos, e a identificação dos fatores associados direcionou as intervenções para a redução de internações, minimizando as complicações e os óbitos. Implicações para prática este estudo serve como subsídio para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e estímulo para as ações de melhoria na rede assistencial aos usuários, fortalecendo e incrementando as políticas públicas.

Abstract Objective To describe the hospitalizations resulting from the impacts of alcohol and other drug abuse and factors associated with death. Methods Cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study, with secondary data from 3,562 admissions recorded at the Center for Information and Toxicological Assistance of a teaching hospital in northwest Paraná, using epidemiological surveillance of active search, from 2009 to 2018. Data were processed using univariate analysis (Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test). Results Most were males (89.6%), and the mean age was 43.62 years (±16 years). Most hospitalizations resulted from traumatic events and other external causes (52.1%) associated with the use/abuse of alcoholic beverages (85.8%). The mean length of hospital stay was 34.6 days, and 6.0% died. There was an association between risk of death and endocrine/metabolic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary diseases. Conclusion Hospitalizations with greater severity increase the incidence of deaths, and evidencing the associated factors directs interventions to decrease hospitalizations, reducing complications and deaths. Implications for practice The studies serve as a support for the development of prevention strategies, encouragement for improvement actions in the assistance network for users, strengthening and increasing public policies.

Resumen Objetivo describir las hospitalizaciones derivadas del abuso de alcohol y otras drogas y los factores asociados a la muerte. Métodos estudio transversal, observacional y retrospectivo, con datos secundarios de 3.562 hospitalizaciones registradas en el Centro de Información y Asistencia Toxicológica de un hospital universitario al noroeste de Paraná, por vigilancia epidemiológica de búsqueda activa, entre los años 2009 y 2018. Los datos se procesaron mediante análisis univariado (prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson y prueba exacta de Fisher). Resultados la mayoría eran varones (89,6%) y la edad media fue de 43,62 años (±16 años). La mayoría de las hospitalizaciones se debieron a eventos traumáticos y otras causas externas (52,1%) asociadas al uso/abuso de bebidas alcohólicas (85,8%). El tiempo de hospitalización media fue de 34,6 días y el 6,0% evolucionó a la muerte. Hubo una asociación entre el riesgo de muerte y las enfermedades endocrinas/metabólicas, cardiovasculares, gastrointestinales y genitourinarias. Conclusión las hospitalizaciones con mayor gravedad aumentan la incidencia de muertes, y la identificación de los factores asociados orientó las intervenciones para disminuir las hospitalizaciones, reduciendo las complicaciones y las muertes. Implicaciones para la práctica este estudio sirve de apoyo para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención y estímulo para acciones de mejora en la red de atención a los usuarios, fortaleciendo y ampliando las políticas públicas.

ABSTRACT A systematic literature review on social determinations and consumption of psychoactive substances was realized. The research was accomplished in some databases, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, using the descriptors "Social Determinants in Health" and the Boolean descriptor AND for the term "Disorders Related to Substance Use". Then, 78 articles were selected, in which a concentration of studies was observed in the northern hemisphere, emphasizing on micro social factors. The most studied drugs were multiple substances (44.9%), alcohol (21.8%) and tobacco (15.4%), highlighting the determinants of income (35.9%), sex, family and territory (26.9% each). It is important to consider drug use as a complex and multifaceted biopsychosocial phenomenon, requiring greater production of evidence in developing countries, using different epistemological and methodological perspectives.

RESUMO Realizou-se revisão sistemática da literatura sobre determinantes sociais e dependência de substâncias psicoativas. A pesquisa foi feita em algumas bases de dados utilizando-se, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, os descritores “Determinantes Sociais em Saúde” e o descritor booleano AND para o termo “Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias”. Selecionaram-se 78 artigos, nos quais observou-se uma concentração de estudos no hemisfério norte, com ênfase em fatores microssociais. As drogas mais estudadas foram múltiplas substâncias (44,9%), álcool (21,8%) e tabaco (15,4%), destacando-se os determinantes renda (35,9%), sexo, família e território (26,9% cada). É importante considerar o uso de drogas como fenômeno biopsicossocial complexo e multifacetado, sendo necessária maior produção de evidências em países em desenvolvimento, utilizando-se diferentes perspectivas epistemológicas e metodológicas.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the occurrence of an outbreak compatible with scurvy and exposure factors associated with typical signs/symptoms of hypovitaminosis that occurred in a male penitentiary in Ceará, Brazil between 2019-2020. Methods: this was a population-based case-control study; we used clinical records and interviews with compatible cases - based on sign/symptom onset during the study period - and with controls; we carried out multivariate analysis. Results: out of 62 cases, mean age was 40.6 years (SD = 10.8); main signs/symptoms were edema and pain in the lower limbs (100.0%), difficulty in walking (91.9%), hematoma/ecchymosis in the lower limbs (90.3%) and fever (88.7%); we identified being over 40 years old as an associated factor (aOR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.05;1.17; p-value = 0.001); and as protective factors: working (aOR = 0.11; 95%CI 0.03;0.36; p-value < 0.001) and taking part in classes (aOR = 0.21; 95%CI 0.08;0.59; p-value = 0.003) in the prison. Conclusion: we considered the penitentiary outbreak to be compatible with scurvy due to characteristic signs/symptoms, associated with the identified factors; we recommended regular provision of a diet rich in vitamin C to all male inmates and clinical follow-up of cases.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar ocorrência de surto compatível com escorbuto e fatores de exposição associados aos sinais/sintomas típicos de hipovitaminose, em penitenciária masculina, Ceará, Brasil, 2019-2020. Métodos: estudo de caso-controle populacional; foram utilizados registros clínicos e entrevistas com casos compatíveis - sinais/sintomas iniciados no período - e com controles; realizou-se análise multivariável. Resultados: 62 casos; idade média de 40,6 anos (DP = 10,8); principais sinais/sintomas foram edema e dor em membros inferiores (100,0%), dificuldade para deambular (91,9%), hematoma/equimose em membros inferiores (90,3%), febre (88,7%); identificou-se, como fator de exposição, média de idade > 40 anos (ORa = 1,10; IC95% 1,05;1,17; p-valor = 0,001); e como fatores protetores, trabalho (ORa = 0,11; IC95% 0,03;0,36; p-valor < 0,001) e participação em aulas (ORa = 0,21; IC95% 0,08;0,59; p-valor = 0,003) dentro da penitenciária. Conclusão: surto da penitenciária compatível com escorbuto pelos sinais/sintomas característicos, associados aos fatores identificados; recomendou-se oferta regular de dieta rica em vitamina C para todos os internos e acompanhamento clínico dos casos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la ocurrencia del brote compatible con escorbuto y los factores de exposición asociados con signos/síntomas típicos de hipovitaminosis que ocurrieron en una penitenciaría masculina en Ceará, Brasil entre 2019-2020. Métodos: estudio poblacional de casos y controles; se utilizaron historias clínicas y entrevistas con casos compatibles, con inicio de signos/síntomas durante el período de estudio, y controles; se realizó análisis multivariable. Resultados: de los 62 casos, edad media fue 40,6 años (DE = 10,8); principales signos/síntomas fueron edema y dolor en miembros inferiores (100,0%), dificultad para caminar (91,9%), hematoma/equimosis en miembros inferiores (90,3%) y fiebre (88,7%); la edad mayor de 40 años se identificó como factor asociado (ORa = 1,10; IC95% 1,05;1,17; p-valor = 0,001); y como factores protectores: trabajo (ORa = 0,11; IC95% 0,03;0,36; p-valor < 0,001) y participación en clases (ORa = 0,21; IC95% 0,08;0,59; p-valor = 0,003) dentro del centro penitenciario. Conclusión: el brote en centro penitenciario fue considerado compatible con escorbuto debido a los signos/síntomas característicos, asociados a los factores identificados; se recomendó oferta regular de dieta rica en vitamina C a todos los internos y seguimiento clínico de los casos.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar ocorrência de surto compatível com escorbuto e fatores de exposição associados aos sinais/sintomas típicos de hipovitaminose, em penitenciária masculina, Ceará, Brasil, 2019-2020. Métodos: estudo de caso-controle populacional; foram utilizados registros clínicos e entrevistas com casos compatíveis - sinais/sintomas iniciados no período - e com controles; realizou-se análise multivariável. Resultados: 62 casos; idade média de 40,6 anos (DP = 10,8); principais sinais/sintomas foram edema e dor em membros inferiores (100,0%), dificuldade para deambular (91,9%), hematoma/equimose em membros inferiores (90,3%), febre (88,7%); identificou-se, como fator de exposição, média de idade > 40 anos (ORa = 1,10; IC95% 1,05;1,17; p-valor = 0,001); e como fatores protetores, trabalho (ORa = 0,11; IC95% 0,03;0,36; p-valor < 0,001) e participação em aulas (ORa = 0,21; IC95% 0,08;0,59; p-valor = 0,003) dentro da penitenciária. Conclusão: surto da penitenciária compatível com escorbuto pelos sinais/sintomas característicos, associados aos fatores identificados; recomendou-se oferta regular de dieta rica em vitamina C para todos os internos e acompanhamento clínico dos casos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la ocurrencia del brote compatible con escorbuto y los factores de exposición asociados con signos/síntomas típicos de hipovitaminosis que ocurrieron en una penitenciaría masculina en Ceará, Brasil entre 2019-2020. Métodos: estudio poblacional de casos y controles; se utilizaron historias clínicas y entrevistas con casos compatibles, con inicio de signos/síntomas durante el período de estudio, y controles; se realizó análisis multivariable. Resultados: de los 62 casos, edad media fue 40,6 años (DE = 10,8); principales signos/síntomas fueron edema y dolor en miembros inferiores (100,0%), dificultad para caminar (91,9%), hematoma/equimosis en miembros inferiores (90,3%) y fiebre (88,7%); la edad mayor de 40 años se identificó como factor asociado (ORa = 1,10; IC95% 1,05;1,17; p-valor = 0,001); y como factores protectores: trabajo (ORa = 0,11; IC95% 0,03;0,36; p-valor < 0,001) y participación en clases (ORa = 0,21; IC95% 0,08;0,59; p-valor = 0,003) dentro del centro penitenciario. Conclusión: el brote en centro penitenciario fue considerado compatible con escorbuto debido a los signos/síntomas característicos, asociados a los factores identificados; se recomendó oferta regular de dieta rica en vitamina C a todos los internos y seguimiento clínico de los casos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the occurrence of an outbreak compatible with scurvy and exposure factors associated with typical signs/symptoms of hypovitaminosis that occurred in a male penitentiary in Ceará, Brazil between 2019-2020. Methods: this was a population-based case-control study; we used clinical records and interviews with compatible cases - based on sign/symptom onset during the study period - and with controls; we carried out multivariate analysis. Results: out of 62 cases, mean age was 40.6 years (SD = 10.8); main signs/symptoms were edema and pain in the lower limbs (100.0%), difficulty in walking (91.9%), hematoma/ecchymosis in the lower limbs (90.3%) and fever (88.7%); we identified being over 40 years old as an associated factor (aOR = 1.10; 95%CI 1.05;1.17; p-value = 0.001); and as protective factors: working (aOR = 0.11; 95%CI 0.03;0.36; p-value < 0.001) and taking part in classes (aOR = 0.21; 95%CI 0.08;0.59; p-value = 0.003) in the prison. Conclusion: we considered the penitentiary outbreak to be compatible with scurvy due to characteristic signs/symptoms, associated with the identified factors; we recommended regular provision of a diet rich in vitamin C to all male inmates and clinical follow-up of cases.

Abstract Curcumin, contained at Turmeric (Curcumalonga), can exert many beneficial pleiotropic activities in the gastrointestinal tract. This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of C. longa on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis (OM) in hamsters. Phytochemical analysis of crude C. longa extract (CLE) was performed to detect the presence of curcumin by TLC and HPLC. Golden Syrian hamsters were orally pre-treated with CLE (5, 50, or 100mg/kg). Cheek pouch samples were subjected to macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. ELISA was performed to quantify the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis. Behavior analysis was conducted by the open field test. Curcumin content in the CLE was 0.55%m/m ± 0.0161 (2.84%). The group treated with 5mg/kg CLE showed healing evidence with macroscopic absence of ulceration (p<0.05) and microscopic aspect of re-epithelialization, discrete inflammatory infiltrate and absence of edema. Treatment with 5mg/kg CLE significantly increased GSH levels, and reduced MDA levels and SOD activity (p˂0.05), and decreased IL-1β (p˂0.05) and TNF-α (p˂0.01) levels. A significant reduction in walking distance, ambulation, speed, and rearing was observed for motor activity. Curcumin reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, and motor activity in hamsters with 5-FU-induced OM.

Resumo Objetiva-se discutir equidade e acesso em saúde mental por meio da análise da distribuição das equipes da atenção primária (Agentes comunitários de Saúde; Equipes de saúde da Família; Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família) e da cobertura da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) em três estados nordestinos (Ceará, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte) nas suas respectivas regiões de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, apoiado por análise quantitativa exploratória. Para tanto, recorremos à base de dados do Departamento de Atenção Básica/DATASUS para a coleta dos dados secundários em relação às séries históricas de habilitação das equipes da Atenção Primária. Quanto aos pontos de atenção da RAPS, utilizamos a base de dados disponibilizada pela Coordenação Nacional de Saúde Mental do Ministério da Saúde. A investigação concluiu que até 2018 observou-se no país um importante movimento de interiorização e expansão da cobertura em relação à atenção primária e psicossocial, impactando na ampliação da equidade nos territórios de menor desenvolvimento econômico e social. Contudo, verificou-se que os serviços de APS estão mais interiorizados, enquanto os demais dispositivos da RAPS estão mais desenvolvidos nas capitais e grandes municípios.

Abstract The scope of this study is to discuss equity and access to mental health care by means of analysis of the distribution of primary care teams (Community Health Agents; Family Health Teams; the Expanded Family Health Nucleus) and the coverage of the Psychosocial Care Network in three Northeastern states (Ceará, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte) and their respective health regions. It is a descriptive study, supported by exploratory quantitative analysis. For this purpose, the database of the Department of Basic Care/DATASUS was used to collect secondary data in relation to the historical trajectory of training of Primary Care teams. Regarding the points of care of RAPS, the database made available by the National Mental Health Coordination of the Ministry of Health was consulted. The conclusion of the investigation was that prior to 2018 there was a major drive in the country into the interior and expansion of coverage in relation to primary and psychosocial care, impacting the expansion of equity in territories of lesser economic and social development. However, it was also observed that Psychosocial Care Network services are more prevalent in the interior while the other related services are more developed in capitals and large municipalities.

Resumo Objetiva-se discutir equidade e acesso em saúde mental por meio da análise da distribuição das equipes da atenção primária (Agentes comunitários de Saúde; Equipes de saúde da Família; Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família) e da cobertura da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) em três estados nordestinos (Ceará, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte) nas suas respectivas regiões de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, apoiado por análise quantitativa exploratória. Para tanto, recorremos à base de dados do Departamento de Atenção Básica/DATASUS para a coleta dos dados secundários em relação às séries históricas de habilitação das equipes da Atenção Primária. Quanto aos pontos de atenção da RAPS, utilizamos a base de dados disponibilizada pela Coordenação Nacional de Saúde Mental do Ministério da Saúde. A investigação concluiu que até 2018 observou-se no país um importante movimento de interiorização e expansão da cobertura em relação à atenção primária e psicossocial, impactando na ampliação da equidade nos territórios de menor desenvolvimento econômico e social. Contudo, verificou-se que os serviços de APS estão mais interiorizados, enquanto os demais dispositivos da RAPS estão mais desenvolvidos nas capitais e grandes municípios.

Abstract The scope of this study is to discuss equity and access to mental health care by means of analysis of the distribution of primary care teams (Community Health Agents; Family Health Teams; the Expanded Family Health Nucleus) and the coverage of the Psychosocial Care Network in three Northeastern states (Ceará, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte) and their respective health regions. It is a descriptive study, supported by exploratory quantitative analysis. For this purpose, the database of the Department of Basic Care/DATASUS was used to collect secondary data in relation to the historical trajectory of training of Primary Care teams. Regarding the points of care of RAPS, the database made available by the National Mental Health Coordination of the Ministry of Health was consulted. The conclusion of the investigation was that prior to 2018 there was a major drive in the country into the interior and expansion of coverage in relation to primary and psychosocial care, impacting the expansion of equity in territories of lesser economic and social development. However, it was also observed that Psychosocial Care Network services are more prevalent in the interior while the other related services are more developed in capitals and large municipalities.

Abstract Syzygium cumini L. Skeels belongs to Myrtaceae family. This species has been recognized by its antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Despite ever-increasing scientific interest for this species there is no pharmacopeia method for characterization and standardization of S. cumini yet. So, toward this aim, the objective of this work was to develop an efficient analytical methodology able to determine polyphenols and tannins content from leaves hydroethanolic extract of S. cumini using Folin-Ciocalteu method by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry (UV-Vis). The analytical methodology was developed for the first time in the literature for leaves of this specie shown to be fast and low-cost with results expressed through tannic acid equivalent (TAE). Moreover, the methodology presented selectivity with maximum absorption at 706 nm wavelength, linearity with R2>0.99; limit of detection 0.275 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.102 µg TAE mL-1; limit of quantification 1.046 µg TAE mL-1 and 0.912 µg TAE mL-1 for total polyphenols and total tannins, respectively. Furthermore, the methodology was accurate with recover value greater than 98%, as well as exact, reproductive, and robust with coefficient of variation values less than 15% for both compounds. All the results are found within the fixed limits according to RDC 166/2017.

ABSTRACT Purpose To reduce false-negative rates (FNR) in sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) of clinically positive (cN+) axilla in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The removal of three or more lymph nodes with dual-tracer mapping including a radioisotope was used. However, in the Brazilian Unified Health System, the radioisotope tracer is not feasible in some hospitals. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the detection rate of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients who converted from cN+ to ycN0 after NAC using blue dye as a single-agent mapping tracer. Methods During the period of March 2018 to September 2019, 34 patients who underwent NAC with cN+ who converted to ycN0 were enrolled in the study. The SLNB was performed using blue dye as a single-agent mapping followed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Results The detection rate of sentinel lymph node was of 85.3%, being SLNB not possible for five patients (14.7%), due to fibrosis. The mean number of removed SLN was 2.5. Conclusions The use of blue dye as a single-agent mapping tracer demonstrated an acceptable detection rate of 85.3%. Although the FNR was possible to be determined, the small sample size might overestimate this rate. The removal of three or more lymph nodes with single-agent mapping tracer might be indicated for breast cancer patients who converted to ycN0 after NAC in the Brazilian health public services, in which radioisotope tracer is not suitable.

Resumo Este estudo, orientado pelo enfoque qualitativo de pesquisa social em saúde, discute a inserção de psicólogos nos serviços de atenção primária do Sistema Único de Saúde, por meio da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). O objetivo do trabalho é analisar especificidades da atuação dos psicólogos nos referidos serviços, focalizando nas práticas desenvolvidas visando ao reconhecimento e à autonomia profissional. A técnica empregada para a construção do material empírico foi a entrevista semiestruturada, junto a 18 psicólogos com ampla experiência na atenção e formação para a ESF. O referencial teórico adotado se orienta pelos conceitos de poder simbólico e habitus, centrais na sociologia de Pierre Bourdieu. Também são retomados elementos teóricos procedentes da sociologia das profissões. Como resultados, evidenciam-se tensões concernentes às lutas por autonomia profissional. Um habitus profissional se apresenta como ilustrativo das práticas ditas específicas e distintivas do psicólogo: o saber lidar com conflitos interpessoais; ser agente problematizador e mediador nas relações interprofissionais; e a capacidade de reconhecer processos históricos constituintes das subjetividades e tramas relacionais. Alguns desafios à autonomia profissional são identificados: a expectativa social e o prestígio associados aos modelos clássicos de atuação clínica; o acolhimento de uma sobrecarga de trabalho em territórios de grande extensão; e a necessidade de elaborar posicionamentos que façam contraponto e complemento ao modelo biomédico.

Abstract This study, oriented by the health qualitative research approach, addresses the inclusion of psychologists in primary care services of the Brazilian Unified Health System by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). The objective is to analyze the specificity of the psychologists’ performance in these health services, focusing on struggles for recognition and professional autonomy. Concerning to the construction of the empirical material, the technique employed was the semi-structured, based on dialogue with 18 psychologists with extensive professional experience in basic Health care and training for the FHS. The theoretical framework adopted is based on the concepts of symbolic power and habitus, central concepts in the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. Also theoretical elements from the sociology of professions are used in the analysis. The study results show relevant tensions and struggles involving professional autonomy. A professional habitus is a illustrative of the specific and distinctive practices of the psychologist: knowing how to deal with interpersonal conflicts; being a problematizing agent and mediator in interprofessional relationships; the capacity to be able to recognize historical processes being a problematizing agent and mediator in interprofessional relationships; the capacity to be able to recognize historical processes involved in the subjective production of the group and their relationships. Some challenges to professional autonomy are identified: the social expectation and prestige associated with classic models of clinical performance; the reception of an overload of work in territories of great extension; and the need to elaborate positions that counterpoint and complement the biomedical model.

Resumen A partir del enfoque cualitativo de investigación social en salud, el presente estudio discute la inserción de psicólogos en los servicios de atención primaria del Sistema Único de Salud, mediante la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF). El objetivo del trabajo es analizar especificidades de la actuación de los psicólogos en dichos servicios, enfocando en las prácticas desarrolladas para reconocimiento y autonomía profesional. La técnica empleada para la construcción del material empírico fue la entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a 18 psicólogos con amplia experiencia en la atención y formación para la ESF. El referencial teórico adoptado se pauta en los conceptos de poder simbólico y habitus de la sociología de Pierre Bourdieu. También se reanudan elementos teóricos procedentes de la sociología de las profesiones. Como resultados, se identifican tensiones pertinentes a las luchas por autonomía profesional. Un habitus profesional se presenta como ilustrativo de las prácticas denominadas específicas y distintivas del psicólogo: el saber lidiar con conflictos interpersonales; ser agente problematizador y mediador en las relaciones interprofesionales; y tener la capacidad de reconocer procesos históricos constituyentes de las subjetividades y tramas relacionales. Algunos desafíos a la autonomía profesional son identificados: la expectativa social y prestigio asociados a los modelos clásicos de actuación clínica; la acogida de una sobrecarga de trabajo en territorios de gran extensión; y la necesidad de elaborar posicionamientos que hagan contrapunto y complemento al modelo biomédico.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir aspectos del cuidado a personas con discapacidad auditiva a partir de la evaluación de enfermeros que trabajan en salud familiar. Método: Estudio piloto exploratorio, cualitativo, descriptivo. La población inicial del estudio fue de 53 individuos, sin embargo, la muestra estuvo conformada por 37 enfermeros, entre egresados y estudiantes del Curso de Especialización en Enfermería en Salud de la Familia, en la Modalidad Residencia. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, el proyecto propuesto fue evaluado por un Comité de Ética en Investigación y aprobado bajo el dictamen número 2.543.278. Resultados: 62,16% de los participantes ha atendido a pacientes con discapacidad auditiva; El 92% informó que este servicio no era plenamente efectivo y solo el 11% mencionó la existencia de recursos que aseguren una atención adecuada; 27% de los participantes no se sintió capaz de brindar asistencia a este público y todos percibieron la necesidad de capacitación para brindar atención a personas con discapacidad auditiva, y la estrategia más citada fue la incorporación de contenidos en la graduación. Conclusión: Este análisis fue responsable de un diagnóstico concluyente de inseguridad, incapacidad de atención y falta de preparación de la propia unidad de salud, lo que apunta a la necesidad de construir y reformular políticas públicas de educación permanente y mantenimiento de ambientes institucionales de salud amigables que garanticen la estructuración de un sistema de servicio decidido para esta población

Resumo: Objetivo: Descrever aspectos do cuidado às pessoas com deficiência auditiva a partir da avaliação de enfermeiros atuantes na saúde da família. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório do tipo piloto. A população inicial do estudo era de 53 indivíduos, entretanto, a amostra foi de 37 enfermeiros entre egressos e alunos do Curso de Especialização em Enfermagem em Saúde da Família, na Modalidade Residência. Para o desenvolvimento da investigação, o projeto proposto foi avaliado por um Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa e aprovado sob número de parecer 2.543.278. Resultados: 62,16% dos participantes já atenderam pacientes com deficiência auditiva; 92% relataram que este atendimento não foi totalmente eficaz e apenas 11% mencionaram a existência de recursos que garantiam um atendimento adequado; 27% dos participantes não se sentiam aptos para prestar assistência a este público e todos perceberam a necessidade de qualificação para efetuar o cuidado à pessoa com deficiência auditiva, sendo que a estratégia mais citada foi a incorporação de conteúdos na graduação. Conclusão: Esta análise foi responsável por um diagnóstico conclusivo de insegurança, incapacidade de atendimento e despreparo da própria unidade de saúde, o que aponta para a necessidade de construção e reformulação de políticas públicas de educação permanente e de manutenção de ambientes institucionais de saúde amigáveis que possam garantir a estruturação de um sistema de atendimento resolutivo à esta população.

Abstract: Objective: To describe aspects of care for people with hearing impairment from the assessment of nurses working in family health. Method: Qualitative, descriptive, exploratory pilot study. The initial population of the study was 53 individuals, however, the sample consisted of 37 nurses, including graduates and students of the Specialization Course in Nursing in Family Health, in the Residence Modality. For the development of the investigation, the proposed project was evaluated by a Research Ethics Committee and approved under opinion number 2.543.278. Results: 62.16% of participants have seen patients with hearing impairment; 92% reported that this service was not fully effective and only 11% mentioned the existence of resources that ensure adequate care; 27% of participants did not feel able to provide assistance to this audience and all perceived the need for qualification to provide care to people with hearing impairment, and the most cited strategy was the incorporation of content in graduation. Conclusion: This analysis was responsible for a conclusive diagnosis of insecurity, incapacity of care and unpreparedness of the health unit itself, which points to the need to build and reformulate public policies for permanent education and maintenance of friendly institutional health environments that guarantee the structuring of a resolute service system for this population.

In this study was evaluated the influence of the extraction factors on the extract’s properties to improve the recovery of high concentrations of the phytochemicals important for the biological activities from pods of Libidibia ferrea (Mart. ex Tul.) L. P. Queiroz. The extracts were obtained by turbo-extraction and a factorial design 32 was used to study the importance of the drug amount (5, 10 or 15 g) and the solvent (Ethanol 40, 60 or 80%, v/v) on the variables of response, and the optimization was performed by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Desirability profile. Mathematical models were fitted according to experimental data and the validated equations were used to generate RSM for each dependent variable (dry residue; total polyphenol content; content of gallic acid and ellagic acid; and, efficiency of extraction). The factors studied within the applied experimental field presented different influence profiles for the responses, and significant interactions between linear and quadratic terms. The statistical analysis showed high R2 > 0.99. The RSM and Desirability (> 0.95) allowed to show that the optimum conditions to produce extractive solutions of Libidibia ferrea with high efficiency for ellagic acid and gallic acid were 15 g and ethanol 40%.