ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of fruits of 58 sweet orange tops cultivars on four rootstocks, namely: ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin and ‘Trifoliata’ Citrandarin ‘San Diego’, ‘Riverside’ and ‘Indio’. For this purpose, a completely randomized experimental design was used, in a factorial scheme (58 x 4). The characteristics analyzed were: equatorial diameter, fruit mass, peel thickness, number of seeds, soluble solids, titratable acidity, Ratio and juice yield. All the characteristics analyzed were influenced by both the tops cultivar and the rootstock, demonstrating that both factors interfere in the physicochemical quality of the fruits. The tops ‘Pera D-3’, ‘Pera Olimpia’, ‘Pera Bianchi’, ‘Jaffa’ and ‘Westin’ on all rootstocks evaluated showed characteristics in their fruits with soluble solids greater than 10 ºBrix, Ratio above 9.5 and juice yield greater than 45%, characteristics that define fruits with quality standards. Also, the tops ‘Pera Olimpia’, ‘Sincorá’ and ‘Westin’ on the rootstock ‘Sunki Tropical’, ‘Pera D-3’, ‘Pera D-25’, ‘Sincorá’, ‘Aquiri’ and ‘Russas P.S.’ on the rootstock ‘San Diego’, ‘Pera C-32’, ‘Pera D-3’, ‘Pera D-6’, ‘Pera E-6’, ‘Pera Bianchi’, ‘Pera CE-03 ‘, ‘Salustiana’ and ‘Westin’ on ‘Riverside’ rootstock are suitable for the juice production industry with Ratio between 14 and 16 and juice yield greater than 50%. It is also worth noting that the tops ‘Crescent’, ‘Natal Folha Murcha’, ‘Valencia Midknight’ and ‘Valencia Delta’ produced fruits without seeds on all rootstocks.

RESUMO Objetivou-se por este estudo avaliar as características físico-químicas de frutos de 58 cultivares de copa de laranjeiras-doce sobre quatro porta-enxertos, sendo eles: tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’ e os híbridos de ‘Trifoliata’ Citrandarin ‘San Diego’, ‘Riverside’ e ‘Indio’. Para tanto, utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial (58 x 4). As características analisadas foram: o diâmetro equatorial dos frutos; a massa dos frutos; a espessura da casca; o número total de sementes; o teor de sólidos solúveis; a acidez titulável; Ratio e o rendimento de suco. Todas as características analisadas sofreram influência tanto dacultivar copa quanto do porta-enxerto, demostrando que os dois fatores interferem naqualidade físico-química dos frutos. As copas ‘Pera D-3’, ‘Pera Olimpia’, ‘PeraBianchi’, ‘Jaffa’ e ‘Westin’,sobre todao os porta-enxertos avaliados, apresentaram características nos seusfrutos com sólidos solúveis maior que 10 ºBrix, Ratio acima de 9,5 e rendimento de suco superior a 45%, características essas que definem frutos com padrão de qualidade. Também,as copas‘Pera Olimpia’, ‘Sincorá’ e ‘Westin’ no porta-enxerto ‘Sunki Tropical’, ‘PeraD-3’, ‘Pera D-25’, ‘Sincorá’, ‘Aquiri’ e ‘Russas P.S’ no porta-enxerto ‘San Diego’, ‘PeraC-32’, ‘Pera D-3’, ‘Pera D-6’, ‘Pera E-6’, ‘Pera Bianchi’, ‘Pera CE-03’, ‘Salustiana’ e ‘Westin’, no porta-enxerto ‘Riverside’ mostram-se apropriadas para a indústria de produção de suco comRatio entre 14 e 16 e rendimento de suco superior a 50%. Vale destacar, ainda, as copas‘Crescent’,‘Natal Folha Murcha’, ‘Valencia Midknight’ e ‘Valencia Delta’ que produziramfrutos com ausência de sementes em todos os porta-enxertos.

RESUMO: A diversificação do uso de variedades porta-enxerto, com a consequente redução de riscos fitossanitários, é de fundamental importância para a sustentabilidade da citricultura do Sul do Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de 42 porta-enxertos na formação de mudas de laranjeira ‘Valência Late’ em fase de viveiro. Nesse sentido, seedlings (plantas oriundas da germinação de sementes) nucelares dos porta-enxertos estudados foram avaliados relativamente aos caracteres altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, taxa de mortalidade e percentagem de pegamento de borbulhas após a enxertia. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 20 unidades amostrais. Genótipos não adaptados tiveram altas taxas de mortalidade, os híbridos LCR x CTSW - 009 e LVK x LCR - 038 apresentaram 100% e 90% de mortalidade, respectivamente. Mais 13 genótipos apresentaram mortalidade superior a 30%, destes, dez têm como parental feminino a tangerineira ‘Sunki’. O citrumelo ‘Swingle’ foi o porta-enxerto que apresentou maior desenvolvimento (altura da planta e diâmetro do caule), associado a uma baixa taxa de mortalidade. Quanto aos demais porta-enxertos, destacaram-se por atingir rapidamente o diâmetro de enxertia, associado a baixa taxa de mortalidade, os híbridos HTR - 053, LRF x (LCR x TR) - 005, CLEO x TRBN - 245, CLEO x TRSW - 287, citrandarins ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ e ‘San Diego’, assim como o limoeiro ‘Cravo’ e o Trifoliata. Além do Trifoliata, amplamente utilizado no Rio Grande do Sul, estes porta-enxertos são promissores para a citricultura do Sul do Brasil.

ABSTRACT: Diversification of rootstock varieties, with consequent reduction in phytosanitary risks, has great importance to the sustainability of citrus cultivation in the south of Brazil. This study evaluated the performance of 42 rootstocks in the nursery phase to generate ‘Valencia Late’ sweet orange seedlings. Therefore, nucellar seedlings from the rootstocks under study were analyzed in relation to plant height, stem diameter, mortality rate and percentage of bud set after grafting. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications of 20 sample units. Not adapted genotypes had high mortality rates, and the ones of both hybrids LCR x CTSW - 009 and LVK x LCR - 038 were 100% and 90%, respectively. Other 13 genotypes had mortality rates above 30%, and ‘Sunki’ mandarin was the female genitor of ten of them. ‘Swingle’ citrumelo was the rootstock with the highest development (plant height and stem diameter), associated with low mortality rate. In relation to the other rootstocks, the best results were the fast grafting diameter, associated with low mortality rate obtained by hybrids HTR - 053, LRF x (LCR x TR) - 005, CLEO x TRBN - 245, CLEO x TRSW - 287, and citrandarins ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ and ‘San Diego’, as well as Trifoliate orange and ‘Rangpur’ lime. In addition to Trifoliate orange, which is widely used in Rio Grande do Sul, these rootstocks have great potential in citriculture in the south of Brazil.

RESUMO O desempenho produtivo dos citros é limitado por fatores abióticos, a exemplo da salinidade. A resposta a esses fatores é variável entre porta-enxertos, podendo-se identificar, em conformidade com cada ambiente de cultivo, genótipos agronomicamente mais adequados, que garantem a sustentabilidade do sistema produtivo. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo da limeira ácida ‘Tahiti’ em combinação com distintos porta-enxertos irrigados com águas contendo diferentes níveis de salinidade, durante o primeiro ano de produção de frutos. Foram avaliadas três condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,14, 2,40 e 4,80 dS m-1) e 13 porta-enxertos (limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’, citrandarins ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ e ‘San Diego’, tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’ e oito híbridos gerados pelo Programa de Melhoramento Genético de Citros da Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e uma planta por parcela. No período entre 300 e 720 dias após o transplantio (DAT) para vasos com capacidade de 60 L, adaptados como lisímetros, foram realizadas colheitas de frutos, contabilizando-se a produção de frutos, em peso e número, além de serem mensurados o tamanho e a espessura da casca destes. Constatou-se que águas de até 2,4 dS m-1 podem ser utilizadas na irrigação de citros sem comprometer, significativamente, a produção da inicial de frutos da limeira ácida ‘Tahiti’ quando enxertada na tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, no citrandarin ‘Riverside’ e nos híbridos TSKC x TRBK - 007, TSKC x CTTR - 012, HTR - 069, TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040 e TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059, que determinaram maior precocidade de início de produção. Quanto ao nível de salinidade da água de 4,8 dS m-1, a limeira ácida ‘Tahiti’ mostrou-se mais produtiva e menos sensível em combinação com a tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’ e com os híbridos TSKC x TRBK - 007, TSKC x CTTR - 012, HTR - 069, and TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040.

ABSTRACT The productive performance of citrus plants is limited by abiotic factors such as salinity. The response to these factors varies among rootstocks, and to guarantee sustainability of the production system, it is possible to identify the most suitable genotypes agronomically for each growing environment. Given the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance of the ‘Tahiti’ acid lime combined with different citrus rootstocks irrigated with water at different levels of salinity during the first year of fruit production. Three levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.14, 2.40 and 4.80 dS m-1) and 13 rootstocks (‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, ‘Indio’, ‘Riverside’ and ‘San Diego’ citrandarins, ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin and eight hybrids generated by the Citrus Breeding Program of Embrapa Cassava & Fruits). The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with four replications and one plant per plot. The fruits were harvested from 300 to 720 days after transplanting (DAT) to pots with a capacity of 60 L, which had been adapted for use as lysimeters. Fruit production was determined by weight and number, in addition to measuring the size and the thickness of the peel. It was found that water of up to 2.4 dS m-1 can be used for citrus irrigation without significantly compromising early fruit production in the ‘Tahiti’ acid lime when grafted on the ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin, ‘Riverside’ citrandarin, and on the hybrids TSKC x TRBK - 007, TSKC x CTTR - 012, HTR - 069, TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040 and TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 059, which resulted in an earlier start to production. At the salinity level of 4.8 dS m-1, the ‘Tahiti’ acid lime proved to be more productive and less sensitive when grafted onto ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin, TSKC x TRBK - 007, TSKC x CTTR - 012, HTR - 069, and TSKC x (LCR x TR) - 040 hybrids.

RESUMO: O estabelecimento de condições de crescimento mínimo é fundamental para a conservação in vitro de germoplasma. Alterações nas concentrações do meio básico, na fonte de carbono, são fatores importantes na desaceleração do crescimento de plantas in vitro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo ajustar um protocolo de conservação in vitro de plantas do limoeiro ‘Rugoso da Flórida’. Microestacas de plantas previamente cultivadas in vitro, com aproximadamente 1 cm, foram inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo 10 mL do meio de cultura WPM em diferentes concentrações (1/1, 1/2 e 1/4), suplementado com 0; 12,5; 25 e 50 g.L-1 de sacarose, solidificado com 7 g.L-1 de ágar e o pH ajustado em 5,8. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 15 repetições, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, e mantido sob condições controladas durante 360 dias. Após este período, foram avaliadas altura de planta em cm (AP), número de folhas verdes (NFV), número de folhas senescentes (NFS), número de microestacas (NM) e massa da planta seca em g (MPS). As variáveis que mais contribuíram para explicar a diferença existente no comportamento das plantas do limoeiro ‘Rugoso da Flórida’ no meio de cultura WPM foram NFV e AP com 61,63 e 35,08%, respectivamente. O meio de cultura WPM na sua concentração original com a adição de 25 g.L-1 de sacarose promoveu os melhores resultados na redução do crescimento das plantas in vitro do limoeiro ‘Rugoso da Flórida’, mantendo-as fisiologicamente sadias.

ABSTRACT: The establishment of minimum growth conditions is essential for in vitro germplasm conservation. Changes to the basic medium and carbon source concentrations are important factors for reducing plant growth in vitro. This study adjusted a protocol for the in vitro conservation of ‘Florida Rough’ lemon plants. Microcuttings (approximately 1 cm) from plants that were previously cultivated in vitro were inoculated into test tubes with 10 mL of woody plant medium (WPM) at different concentrations (1/1, 1/2 and 1/4) and supplemented with 0, 12.5, 25 and 50 g.L-1 of sucrose, solidified with 7 g.L-1 agar and adjusted to pH 5.8. The experiment was completely randomized in a 3 x 4 factorial design with 15 replications and was maintained under controlled conditions for 360 days. After this period the plant height in cm (PH), the plant dry mass in g (PDM) and the 21 numbers of green leaves (NGL), senescent leaves (NSL) and microcuttings (NM) were evaluated. The variables that best explained the observed behavior of the ‘Florida Rough’ lemon plants were NGL and PH, with values of 61.63 and 35.08%, respectively. The original concentration of the WPM with the addition of 25 g. L-1 of sucrose yielded the best ‘Florida Rough’ lemon plant growth reduction in vitro while maintaining the physiologically health of the plants.

ABSTRACT Arid and semiarid regions are vulnerable to water deficits and salinity. Citrus plants are sensitive to saline stress and require the use of tolerant scion-rootstock combinations. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and classify citrus scion-rootstock combinations with respect to their tolerance to salinity during seedling formation in a protected environment. An experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a 5 x 12 x 2 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of water salinity (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 dS m-1) applied in 12 citrus rootstocks grafted with two scion varieties: ‘Tahiti’ acid lime and ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit. The scion-rootstock combinations were evaluated for accumulated dry matter and survival index at 330 days after sowing the rootstocks. Salinity exerted different effects on the dry matter formation of scion-rootstock combinations. ‘Star Ruby’ was less sensitive to salinity, particularly when the rootstocks were the hybrids from ‘Sunki of Florida’ mandarin (TSKFL) with ‘Troyer’ citrange (CTTR) - 013 (TSKFL x CTTR - 013), common ‘Sunki’ mandarin (TSKC) with ‘Argentina’ citrange (CTARG) - 019 (TSKC x CTARG - 019), TSKC with ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW) - 031 (TSKC x CTSW - 031), and the trifoliate hybrid (HTR) - 069, as well as the varieties Volkamer lemon and Santa Cruz Rangpur lime. When grafted with ‘Tahiti’ acid lime, the rootstocks displaying the less sensitive to salinity were TSKFL x CTTR - 013 and TSKC x CTARG - 019.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a influência de oito porta-enxertos no rendimento, na qualidade do fruto e na sobrevivência de laranjeiras (Citrus sinensis) 'Pêra CNPMF D6' cultivadas, em regime de sequeiro, em solo coeso do Nordeste brasileiro. Em 2014-2018, foram avaliados, no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, o rendimento, os frutos e a sobrevivência de árvores plantadas em 1997. O rendimento foi avaliado a partir da produção anual de frutos, da eficiência produtiva e do índice de alternância produtiva. A sobrevivência das árvores foi considerada a percentagem de plantas que permaneceram vivas até 2018. A qualidade dos frutos foi avaliada por meio de atributos físico-químicos. 'Cravo' confirmou seu bom desempenho produtivo. Apesar do menor número de árvores, o porta-enxerto limoeiro rugoso 'Mazoe' induziu a maior produtividade de frutos. O híbrido 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' e o limoeiro 'Volkameriano' favoreceram a maior sobrevivência das árvores, enquanto o citrandarin 'Indio' e o limoeiro 'Cravo' resultaram em níveis intermediários. Os citrandarins 'San Diego' e 'Riverside' induziram, respectivamente, árvores menores, com alta eficiência de produção e maior índice de alternância produtiva, respectivamente. Frutos com menos suco e massa foram induzidos, respectivamente, pelo citrandarin 'Riverside' e o limoeiro 'Volkameriano'. Conclui-se que o porta-enxerto 'Mazoe' induz maior rendimento de frutos e 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' e 'Volkameriano' maior sobrevivência. Além disso, todos os porta-enxertos, exceto 'Riverside' e 'Volkameriano', induzem frutos que atendem os requerimentos mínimos de qualidade.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the influence of eight rootstocks on the yield, fruit quality, and survival of 'Pêra CNPMF D6' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees grown under rainfed conditions in a cohesive soil of the Brazilian Northeast. In 2014-2018, the yield, fruits, and survival of trees planted in 1997 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design. Yield was assessed using annual fruit production, yield efficiency, and the alternate bearing index. Tree survival was considered the percentage of plants that remained alive until 2018. Fruit quality was evaluated by physicochemical attributes. 'Cravo' confirmed its good yield performance. Despite the lower number of trees, the 'Mazoe' rough lemon rootstock induced the highest fruit yield. The 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' hybrid and 'Volkameriano' lemon favored the highest trees survival, whereas 'Indio' citrandarin and 'Cravo' lime resulted in intermediate levels. The 'San Diego' and 'Riverside' citrandarins induced shorter tree with a high yield efficiency and a higher alternate bearing index, respectively. Fruits with less juice and mass were induced, respectively, by 'Riverside' citrandarin and 'Volkameriano' lemon. It can be concluded that the 'Mazoe' rootstock induces a higher fruit yield and 'Cravo' x 'Cleópatra' and 'Volkameriano', a greater survival. In addition, all rootstocks, except 'Riverside' and 'Volkameriano', induce fruit that meet the minimum quality requirements.

ABSTRACT The search for alternative rootstocks to the ‘Rangpur’ lime tree is a challenge to the sustainability of citrus in the Tabuleiros Costeiros (Coastal Tablelands) of Northeastern Brazil. New varieties should meet high drought tolerance with water deficit, cohesive soils, resistance to citrus diseases and inducing high production of fruit. In this work, the performance of ‘Pera’ sweet orange was evaluated on ‘Tropical Sunki’ mandarin and 27 hybrid citrus rootstocks in Umbaúba, Sergipe. A local selection of the ‘Rangpur’ lime was the control. Planting was in 2013 at tree spacing of 6.0 × 3.0 m, without irrigation. Tree size, fruit yield and quality, tree survival rate and graft-compatibility were assessed until 2019. Experimental design was completely randomized blocks with 29 treatments, three replicates and four plants in the plot. Two selection indices were applied to the data to assist in decision making. The ‘Tropical Sunki’ mandarin induced similar cumulative fruit yield in relation to the ‘Rangpur’ lime, suggesting a good drought tolerance of the former rootstock. The TSKC × (LCR × TR) - 073 induced slightly lower productivity, compensated by higher productive efficiency and higher concentration of soluble solids, whereas LCR × TR - 001 and HTR - 166 were highly efficient dwarfing rootstocks. The multiplicative and the rank sum indices showed high correlation, both classifying ‘Tropical Sunki’ mandarin, ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime, LVK × LCR - 010 and - 038, HTR - 127, in addition to the three aforementioned hybrids, as superior to the local selection of ‘Rangpur’ lime.

ABSTRACT The water deficit is one of the main limiting factors to the yield of sweet oranges. The present study aimed to determine alternative rootstocks to ‘Rangpur’ lime for ‘Pera’ sweet oranges grown on tropical hardsetting soils with greater potential tolerance to water deficit. Six citrus scion/rootstock combinations were grown during eight years in an orchard established in Sergipe, Brazil. The tree height, number of fruits per plant, cumulated fruit yield, leaf proline content and survival rate of trees were evaluated between 6th and 8th year after planting. Greater rate of tree loss occurred among the sweet orange onto ‘Orlando’ tangelo, which also induced the lowest cumulative fruit yield. After prolonged water deficit, moderate to high proline content was found in trees grafted on Sunki of Florida mandarin × C13 citrange – 012° (TSKFL × CTC13-012), ‘Orlando’ tangelo, ‘Indio’ and ‘Riverside’ citrandarin. Conversely, after a short water deficit during the wet season, trees on ‘San Diego’ citrandarin and Rangpur lime clone of Centro Nacional de Pesquisa Mandioca e Fruticultura – CNPMF 03 ‘Rangpur’ lime showed higher proline content. Trees onto TSKFL × CTC13-012 and ‘Indio’ also induced the greatest accumulated fruit yield at the 8th year after planting. It is assumed that ‘San Diego’ and CNPMF 03 ‘Rangpur’ induce response more quickly to water deficit, whereas TSKFL × CTC13-012 and ‘Indio’ are less susceptible to prolonged deficit. Therefore, trees on ‘San Diego’ and Indio citrandarin, CNPMF-03 ‘Rangpur’ lime, TSKFL × CTC13-012 hybrid present greater potential to tolerate water deficit and produce more fruits on the hardsetting soils of the coastal tablelands of the Brazilian Northeast.

ABSTRACT: The selection of wheat genotypes according to their drought tolerance is essential to off-season cultivation. The objective of this work was to characterize wheat genotypes through yield and components, morphological characteristics under water stress, and irrigated water use efficiency in the Cerrado region in Brazil. Genotypes were planted during the winters of 2016 and 2017 since there is no precipitation during this season and water levels can be measured. They were then submitted to four water regimes: WR1, WR2, WR3, and WR4, representing 100 %, 83 %, 50 %, and 30 % of evapotranspiration replacement. The following variables were evaluated: peduncle length (PL), number of ears m−2 (NE m−2), hectoliter weight (HW), thousand grain weight (TGW), drought resistance index (DRI), irrigated water use efficiency (IWUE) and yield. Most variables showed correlation with yield and can be a useful tool for breeding programs. PL and HW were best correlated with yield. BRS 264 (irrigated biotype) was productive in treatments receiving the greatest number of irrigation treatments. Given that WR1 registered the highest water level, it was not expected that the rainfed biotype (BR18) would show a higher yield than an irrigated biotype (BRS254). BRS404 (rainfed biotype) was the most productive under moderate stress treatment (WR3). Aliança (rainfed biotype) showed a higher yield under severe stress. Rainfed biotypes presented a higher DRI than the irrigated ones. These genotypes can be used as a reference in breeding programs under each water regime in which their performance was outstanding. None of the variables studied contributed to the selection of the most efficient wheat genotypes in the IWUE.

RESUMO A arquitetura radicular afeta o crescimento da planta e a sua produção agrícola. Embora esteja relacionada a fatores genéticos, limitações hídricas e físicas do solo podem reduzir o volume do sistema radicular e do solo explorado, comprometendo, assim, o desenvolvimento vegetal e produtivo. Para mitigar essas restrições foram adotados dois tipos de plantio (plantio de mudas protegidas e plantio de sementes no local definitivo) e duas combinações copa/porta-enxerto: laranjeira ‘Pera’, seleção CNPMF-D6, enxertada em limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ e em tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Lagoa do Coco, Rio Real, BA, em um Oxisol e condição de sequeiro. Foram realizadas medidas biométricas, fisiológicas e umidade do solo ao longo do experimento. Também foram avaliadas a resistência do solo à penetração mecânica e várias características do sistema radicular. Independente das práticas de manejo adotadas, as raízes se concentraram na superfície, nos primeiros 0,40 m do solo, estendendo-se horizontalmente até 1,5 m da planta. O comprimento total de raiz em todas as classes de diâmetro estudadas, a densidade do comprimento de raiz e o diâmetro médio de raiz, foram superiores para o plantio de muda, resultando em maior desenvolvimento radicular das plantas. As plantas de laranjeira ‘Pera’ sobre o limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ foram mais precocemente produtivas e vigorosas. A estrutura do solo exerce influência sobre o crescimento radicular, sendo que a distribuição a 0,4 m de profundidade é um melhor indicador do vigor, produtividade e status hídrico da planta, cultivada em condições de sequeiro.

ABSTRACT Root architecture affects plant growth and agricultural productions. Although it is related to genetic factors, soil physical limitations can affect the root system and volume of explored soil, compromising plant growth and fruit production. Considering the need to mitigate these restrictions, the objective of the present study was to evaluate two planting types (planting of protected seedlings and planting of seeds in definitive place) and two scion-rootstock combinations (‘Pera’ sweet orange, CNPMF D-6 selection, combined with ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime and ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin rootstocks). The experiment was conducted at the Lagoa do Coco Farm, Rio Real, BA, Brazil, in a Oxisol under rainfed conditions. Biometric, physiological, and soil water content evaluations were made during the experiment. Soil mechanical resistance to root penetration and root system characteristics were also evaluated. Roots were concentrated on the soil surface layers (0-0.40 m), extending horizontally up to 1.50 m from the plant, regardless of the management practices used. The total root length in each root diameter classes studied, root length density, and total root mean diameter were higher for planting of protected seedling, resulting in greater root development. Plants from ‘Pera’ sweet orange scion grafted on ‘Santa Cruz Rangpur’ lime rootstock had earlier production and were more vigorous. Soil structure affects root growth, and the root distribution up to 0.40 m depth is correlated with plant vigor, yield, and water status under rainfed conditions.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cinco índices de seleção não paramétricos para a seleção de citros híbridos como porta-enxertos, enxertados com laranjeira 'Valência', com base em atributos horticulturais relevantes para a indústria de processamento de suco. Avaliaram-se 46 porta-enxertos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e cinco plantas na parcela, no período de 2009-2015, em cultivo de sequeiro. As médias das variáveis altura de planta, produção acumulada de frutos, eficiência produtiva de frutos, concentração de sólidos solúveis totais, rendimento de suco e tolerância à seca foram utilizadas para calcular os seguintes índices: multiplicativo (IEi), soma de classificação (IMMi), distância genótipo-ideótipo (DiI) e ranqueamento (IRKi, baseado em médias simples; e IRKii, baseado em normalização linear). Os índices foram eficientes em classificar os híbridos em relação ao desempenho geral. A correlação de Spearman mostrou alta similaridade entre a maioria dos índices não paramétricos, notadamente entre IRKi e IRKii. Os índices de ranqueamento, principalmente o IRKii, fornecem uma classificação mais coerente dos híbridos, o que permite a seleção de porta-enxertos mais produtivos e tolerantes à seca, para a produção de frutas de alta qualidade para processamento.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate five nonparametric selection indices for the selection of hybrid citrus rootstocks grafted with 'Valência' sweet orange, using horticultural traits relevant for the juice processing industry. Forty-six rootstocks were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates and five trees in the plot, in the period from 2009-2015, in a rainfed cultivation. The means of the variables plant height, accumulated fruit yield, fruit yield efficiency, total soluble solids concentration, juice yield, and drought-tolerance were used to calculate the following indices: multiplicative index (IEi), sum of classification (IMMi), genotype-ideotype distance (DiI), and ranking indices (IRKi, based on simple means; and IRKii, based on linear normalization). The indices were efficient to classify the hybrids in relation to general performance. Spearman’s correlation showed a high similarity between most nonparametric indices, notably between IRKi and IRKii. The ranking indices, mainly IRKii, provide a more coherent classification of the hybrids, which allows of the selection of more productive and drought-tolerant rootstocks to produce high-quality fruit for processing.

Resumo Angiostrongylus vasorum é um parasito de artérias pulmonares dos canídeos domésticos e silvestres. Nos moluscos, hospedeiros intermediários, encontram-se no primeiro dia após a infecção, larvas de primeiro estágio (L1), ao 8° L2 e ao 30° L3. Avaliou-se L1, L2 e L3 recuperadas pela técnica de Baermann de Achatina fulica infectada com 1.000 L1. Incubou-se 50 larvas/estádio com anticorpos anti-β-tubulina, anti-α-tubulina, anti-β-actina e anti-colágeno e, em seguida, com anticorpo Alexa 633. Observaram-se também 50 larvas/estádio com picrosirius red e Oil Red O, na região anterior da L1, o início do desenvolvimento de hastes quitinosas, a porção inicial do intestino e o primórdio genital. Na região anterior de L2, papilas, bastões quitinosos justapostos à boca e ao intestino maior que em L1. A musculatura de L3 é bem desenvolvida, próximo às hastes quitinosas, há duas estruturas redondas dispostas distalmente uma da outra. Observaram-se também toda a extensão do intestino, o primórdio genital e a intensa celularidade na porção distal da L3. Com o picrosirius red observou-se a musculatura de L1, L2 e L3, assim como, gânglios nervosos na L3. Oil Red O revelou que L1, L2 e L3 armazenam energia em gotículas lipídicas.

Abstract Angiostrongylus vasorum is a pulmonary artery parasite of domestic and wild canid. On molluscs, intermediate host, first stage larvae (L1) are found after the first day of infection, in the 8th L2 and in the 30 th L3. It was evaluated L1, L2 and L3 recovered by Baermann technique from Achatina fulica infected with 1000 L1. Fifty larvae/stage were incubated with antibodies anti-β-tubulin, anti-α-tubulin, anti- α-actin, anti-β-actin and anti-collagen, and then with Alexa 633. Fifty larvae/stage were observed with picrosirius red and Oil Red O. It was also observed in the anterior region of L1 the beginning of the chitinous stems development, in the initial portion of the intestine and genital primordium. In L2 anterior region, the papillae, chitinous canes juxtaposed to the mouth and intestines bigger than L1. The L3 musculature is well defined, next to the chitinous stems, there are two round distally arranged from each other. It was observed the whole extension of the intestine genital primordium and intense cellularity in the L3 distal portion. With the picrosirius red the L1, L2 and L3 musculature could be observed, as the nerve ganglia on L3. Oil Red O revealed that L1, L2 and L3 store energy on lipid droplets.

Resumo Uma onça parda (Puma concolor) foi encontrada em uma área urbana após atropelamento e, apesar do suporte terapêutico fornecido, o animal morreu três dias depois. No exame post-mortem, múltiplos nódulos firmes foram identificados na mucosa gástrica. Os nódulos eram revestidos por mucosa intacta com um orifício central, do qual se insinuavam nematódeos cilíndricos e avermelhados. Vinte e sete nematódeos foram recuperados para avaliação morfológica e morfométrica. Na avaliação histopatológica do tecido gástrico, os nematódeos adultos apareceram em cortes longitudinais e transversais, circundados por bandas espessas de colágeno, intercaladas por infiltrado inflamatório misto. Os nematódeos eram constituídos por cutícula eosinofílica, com projeções serrilhadas voltadas caudalmente (do tipo bulbar), musculatura celomiariana, pseudoceloma e, nas fêmeas, útero com numerosos ovos larvados cujos achados foram sugestivos do gênero Cylicospirura. Morfologicamente, a cavidade bucal continha seis grandes dentes trífidos, na fêmea, a abertura da vulva era anterior à junção esôfago intestinal; e os machos tinham cinco pares de pequenas papilas próximas à ponta da cauda. Esses achados foram consistentes com Cylicospirura felineus. Este parasita deve ser incluído no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões nodulares da parede gástrica em felinos selvagens.

Abstract An adult male puma (Puma concolor), hit by a car in an urban area, died three days later despite the therapeutic support provided. At necropsy, multiple firm nodules were identified in the gastric mucosa. The nodules were coated by an intact mucosa with a central opening from which reddish and cylindrical nematodes protruded into the lumen. Twenty-seven nematodes were retrieved for morphological and morphometric evaluations. During histopathological examination of the gastric tissue, the adult nematodes appear in longitudinal and transverse sections, surrounded by thick bands of collagen, interspersed with mixed inflammatory infiltrates. The nematodes had an eosinophilic cuticle with caudal serrated projections (bulbar type), coelomyarian musculature, pseudocoelom, and females with uterus containing numerous larvated eggs, characteristics consistent with the Cylicospirura genus. Morphologically, female nematodes had six large tricuspid teeth in the oral cavity and the vulva had an opening anterior to the esophagus–intestinal junction. Male nematodes had five pairs of small papillae near the tip of the tail. These findings were consistent with Cylicospirura felineus. This parasite should be included in the differential diagnosis of nodular gastric wall lesions in wild felids.

Resumo A produção de tangerinas é incipiente na região Nordeste, embora o mercado consumidor regional seja expressivo. Há poucos estudos sobre o desempenho de tangerineiras nas condições tropicais do Brasil, considerando-se que, em geral, a qualidade e o rendimento de frutos dessas frutíferas sejam mais expressivos em regiões de clima subtropical e mediterrâneo. Neste trabalho, avaliaram-se crescimento de plantas, produção e qualidade de frutos de quatro híbridos de tangerineira (tangerineira-tangor ‘Piemonte’, tangor ‘Murcott’ e tangerineira-tangelos ‘Page’ e ‘Nova’ ) enxertados em limoeiro ‘Cravo’, em Umbaúba-SE. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e três plantas por parcela. O plantio foi realizado em 2008, no espaçamento de 6,0 m x 3,0 m, em cultivo de sequeiro. A tangerineira-tangor ‘Piemonte’ foi mais produtiva que o tangor ‘Murcott’ e os tangerineira-tangelos ‘Page’ e ‘Nova’ , nas condições avaliadas em Umbaúba-SE, até ao décimo primeiro ano de plantio. Para a qualidade dos frutos, a tangerineira-tangor ‘Piemonte’ e o Tangerineira-tangelo ‘Page’ podem ser indicados tanto para o consumo in natura quanto para processamento, pois apresentaram resultados superiores para sólidos solúveis totais, ratio, rendimento industrial e vitamina C em relação ao tangor ‘Murcott’.

Abstract The production of mandarins is incipient in Northeastern Brazil in spite of the large regional market. Few studies have reported the performance of mandarins under the tropical conditions in Brazil, considering that, in general, the quality and yield of these fruits are more expressive in regions of subtropical and Mediterranean climates. In this work, tree size, fruit production and quality of four mandarin hybrids (‘Piemonte’ mandarin-tangor, ‘Murcott’ tangor and ‘Page’ and ‘Nova’ tangelo-mandarin) grafted on ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstock in Umbaúba, State of Sergipe, Brazil, were evaluated. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and three trees per plot. Planting was carried out in 2008 at tree spacing of 6.0 x 3.0 m in rainfed cultivation system. ‘Piemonte’ mandarin-tangor was more productive than ‘Murcott’ tangor and ‘Nova’ and ‘Page’ tangelo-mandarin, under the conditions evaluated in Umbaúba up to the eleventh year after planting. Regarding fruit quality, ‘Piemonte’ mandarin-tangor and ‘Page’ tangelo-mandarin can be indicated both for fresh consumption and for processing due to their higher total soluble solids, ratio and vitamin C content in relation to ‘Murcott’ tangor.

Resumo Existem 21 espécies de Angiostrongylus que parasitam as artérias pulmonares ou mesentéricas de roedores silvestres e domésticos, felídeos, canídeos e homem. Espécies de Angiostrongylus têm uma distribuição cosmopolita que abrange regiões tropicais, subtropicais e temperadas. O procionídeo Nasua nasua (quati) é hospedeiro de vários parasitos que podem ser prejudiciais para suas populações ou conter agentes etiológicos com potencial zoonótico. Nas áreas urbanas, os quatis podem ser encontrados em estreita associação com seres humanos e animais domésticos. Nós caracterizamos morfológica e molecularmente uma nova espécie de Angiostrongylus encontrada em N. nasua de uma área protegida na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. A nova espécie de Angiostrongylus difere de outras espécies do mesmo gênero pelo comprimento e nível de bifurcação dos raios lateral e ventral, o comprimento dos espículos e a morfologia da cauda da fêmea. Resultados moleculares e filogenéticos baseados no gene mitocondrial citocromo c oxidase subunidade 1 indicam que a espécie recém-identificada pertence a uma linhagem genética separada de outras espécies de Angiostrongylus. O presente relato descreve uma nova espécie de Angistrongylus coletada das artérias mesentéricas de N. nasua, denominada Angiostrongylus minasensis n. sp..

Abstract Currently, there are 21 species of Angiostrongylus that parasitize the pulmonary or mesenteric arteries of wild and domestic rodents, felids, canids and human. Species of Angiostrongylus have cosmopolitan distribution covering tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. The procyonid Nasua nasua (coati) is a reservoir host for a wide variety of parasites that may be harmful to its populations or may contain etiological agents with zoonotic potential. In urban areas, coatis are usually found in close association with humans and domestic animals. We morphologically and molecularly characterized a new species of Angiostrongylus found in N. nasua in a protected area within Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The new species of Angiostrongylus differs from other species of the same genus in terms of the length and bifurcation level of the lateral and ventral rays, the length of spicules and female tail morphology. Molecular phylogenetic results based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene suggest that the newly identified species belongs to a genetic lineage that is separate from other species of Angiostrongylus. This new species was collected from the mesenteric arteries of N. nasua. It was named Angiostrongylus minasensis n. sp..