Abstract The flotation mechanism of galena with xanthate as the collector is generally explained based on the mixed potential of the pulp, in which an anodic electron transfer reaction from the collector to the mineral is combined with an O2 cathodic reduction. Sodium sulphide, often used as a mineral activator, strongly influences the pulp's mixed potential, and depending on the dosage applied, it can become a galena depressor reagent. In this way, the current study assesses galena flotability in the absence of collector, as well as in the presence of the collector potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) and sodium sulphide. The effect of an extremely cathodic potential was also studied through the addition of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the effect of different stages in the oxidation of the galena surface on the flotability was investigated. Moreover, the zeta potential was measured and contact angle (wettability) tests were carried out. The contact angle measurements were taken for a distilled water, PAX solution and for a mixture of PAX and sodium sulphide solution on the oxidized and non-oxidized surface of galena. All the results showed that galena could be floated in all the PAX concentrations tested. It was observed that a moderate oxidation in the galena surface may contribute to an improvement of its flotation with PAX. However, extremely anodic and cathodic potentials cause flotability close to zero. The zeta potential results showed that sodium sulphide affected the interaction between PAX and galena. The measurements of the contact angle corroborated the results obtained in the microflotation tests.

Resumo A impressão tridimensional de concreto (I3DC) tem se destacado como uma solução promissora para a modernização do setor da construção. Adicionalmente, a otimização do design permite a redução de materiais, promovendo a construção sustentável. Apesar desses avanços, ainda não existem normas para a avaliação do estado fresco e controle de qualidade do I3DC. Este trabalho discute os resultados de testes de controle de qualidade no estado fresco para I3DC. Especificamente, sete amostras com diferentes composições foram produzidas e submetidas a reometria rotacional, slug test, mesa de espalhamento e teste de construtibilidade (isto é, altura suportada antes do colapso). Os resultados mostraram que a tensão de escoamento obtido pela reometria e pelo slug test não coincidiram, mas estiveram dentro da mesma ordem de grandeza. Os valores da tensão de escoamento obtidos pela reometria foram os mais próximos da tensão induzida pela gravidade no teste de construtibilidade. Em relação à previsão da construtibilidade, o slug test apresentou a correlação mais forte com o número de camadas suportadas (R2 = 0,92); a reometria rotacional também demonstrou uma boa correlação com esse parâmetro (R2 = 0,80). Em contraste, os resultados do teste de mesa de espalhamento não se correlacionaram com o a tensão de escoamento obtido por nenhum outro teste e não se mostraram eficientes na previsão da construtibilidade. Finalmente, o artigo apresentou uma discussão sobre os desafios nos testes e impressão.

Abstract Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) has emerged as a promising solution for the modernization of the construction sector. Additionally, design optimization allows for material reduction, promoting sustainable construction. Despite these advancements, there is still no standard for the assessment of the fresh state and quality control of 3DCP. This work discusses the results of quality control tests for fresh 3DCP. Specifically, seven samples with different mix designs were produced and subjected to rotational rheometry, slug tests, flow table tests, and buildability tests (i.e., the height supported prior to collapse). The results showed that the yield stress obtained from rheometry and the slug test did not match but fell within the same order of magnitude. The yield stress values obtained from rheometry were the closest to the gravity-induced stress in the buildability test. Regarding buildability prediction, the slug test exhibited the strongest correlation with the number of layers supported in buildability (R2 = 0.92); rotational rheometry also demonstrated a good correlation with that parameter (R2 = 0.80). In contrast, the results of the flow table test neither correlated with the yield stress obtained from any other tests nor proved efficient in predicting buildability. Finally, the paper presented a discussion on testing and printing challenges.

Abstract Objective To create an educational intervention for health professionals and test its effectiveness in implementing the use of CPAP in hospitalized patients with pleural effusion undergoing thoracic drainage. Methods This implementation study was developed in 5 hospitals in Brazil and one in Belgium within four phases: (I) Situational diagnosis (professionals and patients’ knowledge about CPAP usage for drained pleural effusion and checking medical records for the last 6 months); (II) Education and training of professionals; (III) New situational diagnosis (equal to phase I); (IV) Follow-up for two years. Results 65 professionals, 117 patients’ medical records, and 64 patients were enrolled in this study. Initially, only 72% of medical records presented a description of interventions. CPAP usage was mentioned in only one patient with a chest tube. After phase III, the number of professionals who used CPAP for their patients with drained pleural effusion increased from 28.8% to 66.7%, p < 0.001. Similarly, the acceptability of this therapy for this clinical situation also increased among professionals from 6.4 ± 1.3 to 7.8 ± 1.4, p < 0.001. However, before the implementation, only one medical record described the use of CPAP in one patient with drained pleural effusion. After two years, the use of CPAP therapy by healthcare professionals for patients with drained thoracic drainage was sustained in 3 hospitals. Conclusions The educational intervention for the use of CPAP in patients with drained pleural effusion was effective for health professionals. Results were sustained after two years in three of the six hospitals.

Abstract The demand for less hazardous and environmentally friendly surface disinfectants is growing and essential oils may be efficient alternatives. Vapor phase assay is a promising technique which explore the volatility of essential oils for determining the antimicrobial activity. In this study, we modified the conditions of the inverted Petri dish technique to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). As a proof of concept, the antimicrobial activity of Hesperozygis myrtoides essential oil (HM) was studied for the first time in the vapor phase. According to the established protocol the oil volatilization dynamics was used to determine the major compounds in the vapor phase. After 270 min, the relative percentage was like that observed in the crude oil analysis. The HM was also evaluated for safety (IC50=921.2 µg ml-1), being considered safe in case of acute oral exposure. The oil vapors completely inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=0.39 mg l-1), Candida albicans (MIC=0.83 mg l-1), Aspergillus brasiliensis (MIC=378 mg l-1) and Bacillus subtilis (MIC=704.8 mg l-1). This protocol offers an economical and efficient alternative for antimicrobial activity and safety determination of essential oils, can be used for the evaluation of several applications of essential oils, as disinfectant agent in inhabited environments.

Abstract Background Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) prognosis remains poor. Vasospasm mechanism might be associated with inflammation. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been studied as inflammation markers and prognostic predictors. Objective We aimed to investigate NLR and PLR in admission as predictors of angiographic vasospasm and functional outcome at 6 months. Methods This cohort study included consecutive aneurysmal SAH patients admitted to a tertiary center. Complete blood count was recorded at admission before treatment. White blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, NLR, and PLR were collected as independent variables. Vasospasm occurrence-modified Rankin scale (mRS), Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), and Hunt-Hess score at admission and at 6 months were recorded as dependent variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding and to assess the independent prognostic value of NLR and PLR at admission. Results A total of 74.1% of the patients were female, with mean age of 55.6 ± 12.4 years. At admission, the median Hunt-Hess score was 2 (interquartile range [IQR] 1), and the median mFisher was 3 (IQR 1). Microsurgical clipping was the treatment for 66.2% of the patients. Angiographic vasospasm incidence was 16.5%. At 6 months, the median GOS was 4 (IQR 0.75), and the median mRS was 3 (IQR 1.5). Twenty-one patients (15.1%) died. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and PLR levels did not differ between favorable and unfavorable (mRS > 2 or GOS < 4) functional outcomes. No variables were significantly associated with angiographic vasospasm. Conclusion Admission NLR and PLR presented no value for prediction of functional outcome or angiographic vasospasm risk. Further research is needed in this field.

Resumo Antecedentes O prognóstico da hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA) permanece ruim. Vasoespasmo pode estar associado à inflamação. Razões neutrófilo-linfócito (NLR) e plaqueta-linfócito (PLR) têm sido estudadas como marcadores de inflamação e prognóstico. Objetivo Investigar NLR e PLR na admissão como preditores de vasoespasmo angiográfico e desfecho aos 6 meses. Métodos Este estudo de coorte incluiu pacientes consecutivos com HSA aneurismática de um centro terciário. Contagem de leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos e plaquetas, proporção de neutrófilos para linfócitos e de plaquetas para linfócitos foram coletados como variáveis independentes. Ocorrência de vasoespasmo, escala de Rankin modificada, escala de desfecho de Glasgow e o escore de Hunt-Hess na admissão e 6 meses após a mesma foram registradas como variáveis dependentes. Modelos de regressão logística multivariável foram usados para ajustar potenciais fatores de confusão e avaliar valor prognóstico independente de NLR e PLR. Resultados Um total de 74,1% pacientes eram do sexo feminino, com idade média de 55,6 ± 12,4 anos. Na admissão, a pontuação média de Hunt-Hess foi de 2 (IQR 1) e a mediana de mFisher foi de 3 (IQR 1). Clipagem microcirúrgica foi o tratamento escolhido para 66,2% dos pacientes. A incidência de vasoespasmo angiográfico foi de 16,5%. Aos 6 meses, a escala de desfecho de Glasgow mediana era 4 (IQR 0,75) e a escala de Rankin modificada mediana era 3 (IQR 1,5). Vinte e um pacientes (15,1%) morreram. Os níveis de NLR e PLR não diferiram entre resultados funcionais favoráveis e desfavoráveis (mRS > 2 ou GOS < 4). Nenhuma variável foi significativamente associada ao vasoespasmo angiográfico. Conclusão Razão neutrófilo-linfócito e a PLR não apresentaram valor preditivo de desfecho funcional ou risco de vasoespasmo angiográfico. Mais pesquisas são necessárias neste campo.

Abstract This article examines supply of Primary Health Care in the city of Campinas (São Paulo state) during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking changes in the work process as its guide. This descriptive, qualitative study included participant observation and in-depth interviews of workers and users at four PHC facilities, from June 2021 to January 2022. The analyses found significant differences between the first and second years of the pandemic. At first, care strategies were disorganised and care for COVID-19 cases, limited. In the second year, home visits and routine care were resumed. This, added to the worsening social and public health context and new demands, such as vaccination, caused overwork and strained relations between health personnel and users. Also, collective and co-management arrangements were found to weaken, both at the municipal management level and at staff meetings and for social participation. In the post-pandemic context, Primary Health Care is challenged to restore these arrangements and care for health workers exhausted by the pandemic.

Resumo Este artigo analisa as ofertas de cuidado da APS na cidade de Campinas-SP, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, tendo as mudanças no processo de trabalho como um guia condutor. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de caráter qualitativo, incluindo observação participante e entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários de quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde (de junho/2021 a janeiro/2022). As análises apontam uma diferença significativa entre o primeiro e o segundo ano da pandemia. No primeiro momento, houve desorganização das estratégias de cuidado e restrição do atendimento aos casos de COVID-19. Já no segundo ano, foram retomadas atividades como visitas domiciliares e atendimentos de rotina, que, somadas ao agravamento do contexto sociossanitário e às novas demandas, como a vacinação, provocaram sobrecarga de trabalho e acirramento das relações entre profissionais e usuários. Além disso, constatou-se a fragilização dos espaços coletivos e de cogestão, tanto no nível da gestão municipal, quanto em reuniões de equipe e espaços de participação social. A retomada de tais espaços e o cuidado aos trabalhadores desgastados por esse período constituem-se desafios para a Atenção Primária em Saúde no contexto pós-pandemia.

Resumo Este artigo analisa as ofertas de cuidado da APS na cidade de Campinas-SP, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, tendo as mudanças no processo de trabalho como um guia condutor. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva de caráter qualitativo, incluindo observação participante e entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores e usuários de quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde (de junho/2021 a janeiro/2022). As análises apontam uma diferença significativa entre o primeiro e o segundo ano da pandemia. No primeiro momento, houve desorganização das estratégias de cuidado e restrição do atendimento aos casos de COVID-19. Já no segundo ano, foram retomadas atividades como visitas domiciliares e atendimentos de rotina, que, somadas ao agravamento do contexto sociossanitário e às novas demandas, como a vacinação, provocaram sobrecarga de trabalho e acirramento das relações entre profissionais e usuários. Além disso, constatou-se a fragilização dos espaços coletivos e de cogestão, tanto no nível da gestão municipal, quanto em reuniões de equipe e espaços de participação social. A retomada de tais espaços e o cuidado aos trabalhadores desgastados por esse período constituem-se desafios para a Atenção Primária em Saúde no contexto pós-pandemia.

Abstract This article examines supply of Primary Health Care in the city of Campinas (São Paulo state) during the COVID-19 pandemic, taking changes in the work process as its guide. This descriptive, qualitative study included participant observation and in-depth interviews of workers and users at four PHC facilities, from June 2021 to January 2022. The analyses found significant differences between the first and second years of the pandemic. At first, care strategies were disorganised and care for COVID-19 cases, limited. In the second year, home visits and routine care were resumed. This, added to the worsening social and public health context and new demands, such as vaccination, caused overwork and strained relations between health personnel and users. Also, collective and co-management arrangements were found to weaken, both at the municipal management level and at staff meetings and for social participation. In the post-pandemic context, Primary Health Care is challenged to restore these arrangements and care for health workers exhausted by the pandemic.

Enquadramento: A higiene oral é um cuidado essencial na assistência de enfermagem. A sua realização auxilia na prevenção de doenças bucais e sistémicas. Objetivo: Identificar a atuação da equipa de enfermagem na higiene oral em ambiente hospitalar. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa realizado com profissionais de enfermagem, que atuam na área hospitalar. Foi aplicado um questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas, do trabalho e da atuação dos participantes na higiene oral. Resultados: Cento e quatorze profissionais de enfermagem participaram do estudo, dentre estes, 75,4% relataram que não realizaram a higiene oral no último turno e 44,7% da equipa sugeriu que o doente o fizesse. A sobrecarga de trabalho e a alta rotatividade de doentes foram citadas como impedimentos para realização deste cuidado. Conclusão: A equipa de enfermagem percebe a higiene oral como um cuidado essencial ao doente, contudo a atuação na prática da higiene oral tem sido negligenciada. Neste contexto, este estudo aponta para a necessidade de fornecer atividades de educação permanente sobre esse cuidado em ambiente hospitalar.

Marco contextual: La higiene oral es un cuidado esencial en la atención de enfermería. Su realización ayuda a la prevención de enfermedades orales y sistémicas. Objetivo: Identificar la actuación del equipo de enfermería en la higiene bucal en un ambiente hospitalario. Metodología: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, transversal y de enfoque cuantitativo realizado con profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en el área hospitalaria. Se aplicó un cuestionario que contenía información sociodemográfica sobre el trabajo y la actuación de los participantes en la higiene bucal. Resultados: Ciento catorce profesionales de enfermería participaron en el estudio, de ellos el 75,4% informó de que no realizaron la higiene bucal en el último turno y el 44,7% del equipo sugirió que el paciente lo hiciera. La sobrecarga de trabajo y la alta rotación de pacientes se citaron como impedimentos para realizar esta atención. Conclusión: El equipo de enfermería considera la higiene bucal como un cuidado esencial para el paciente, sin embargo, esta práctica de la higiene bucal se ha descuidado. En este contexto, el presente estudio señala la necesidad de realizar actividades de educación permanente en torno a este tipo de cuidado en un entorno hospitalario.

Background: Oral hygiene is essential in nursing care. It helps in the prevention of oral and systemic diseases. Objective: To identify the performance of the nursing team in oral hygiene in a hospital environment. Methodology: Exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out with nursing professionals who work in the hospital environment. A questionnaire was applied to participants about their sociodemographic and professional characteristics and the performance of oral hygiene. Results: A total of 114 nursing professionals participated in this study. Of these, 75.4% of participants reported that they had not performed oral hygiene in the last shift, and 44.7% of the team members suggested that the patient should do so. Work overload and high patient turnover were mentioned as constraints to the performance of oral care. Conclusion: The nursing staff perceives oral hygiene as a part of essential patient care; however, oral hygiene practice has been neglected. This study points to the need to provide continuing education activities on this type of care in the hospital environment.