Abstract This cross-sectional study investigated the association of SNPs rs670 (C>T) and rs693 (G>A) with parameters of lipid metabolism and endothelial activation in 167 subjects, including 86 COVID-19 outpatients and 81 healthy subjects (control group) matched for sex and age. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c), triglycerides (TG), apolipoproteins (Apo A-I and B), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were determined. The SNPs were genotyped by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). A p -value<0.05 was assumed. COVID-19 outpatients showed increases in TC (187.0±48.3 vs . 160.8±32.0 mg/dL), LDL-c (110.3±41.5 vs . 98.8±28.2 mg/dL), non-HDL-c (138.3±45.8 vs . 115.6±31.6 mg/dL), TG (139.7±80.3 vs . 84.9±35.1 mg/dL), and Apo A-I (149.5±40.0 vs . 133.3±20.9 mg/dL), along with a high frequency of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. VCAM-1 levels were double those of the control (682.7±231.8 vs. 299.3±102.9 ng/mL) and a strong predictor of COVID-19 (AUC=0.946). Moreover, VCAM-1 correlated with TC (r = -0.223) and HDL-c (r = -0.225). The decrease in TG and VCAM-1 is predicted by the dominance of the T allele (rs670) and its codominance with the A (rs693) allele in COVID-19 outpatients. COVID-19 has been shown to be associated with dyslipidemias and endothelial activation, and apolipoprotein polymorphisms may influence this. crosssectional cross sectional rs rs67 C>T CT C (C>T rs69 G>A GA G (G>A 16 8 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 group age TC, , (TC) highdensity density HDLc, HDLc HDL c (HDL-c) lowdensity low LDLc, LDLc LDL (LDL-c) nonhighdensity non nonHDLc, nonHDLc (non-HDL-c) TG, (TG) AI I B, B B) molecule1 molecule 1 molecule- VCAM1 VCAM (VCAM-1 determined qPCR. qPCR (qPCR) value<0.05 value005 value 0 05 -value<0.0 assumed 187.0±48.3 1870483 187 48 3 (187.0±48. 1608320 160 32 160.8±32. mg/dL, mgdL mg/dL mg dL mg/dL) 110.3±41.5 1103415 110 41 5 (110.3±41. 988282 98 28 2 98.8±28. 138.3±45.8 1383458 138 45 (138.3±45. 1156316 115 6 31 115.6±31. 139.7±80.3 1397803 139 7 80 (139.7±80. 849351 84 9 35 84.9±35. 149.5±40.0 1495400 149 40 (149.5±40. 1333209 133 20 133.3±20. hypertriglyceridemia VCAM- 682.7±231.8 68272318 682 231 (682.7±231. 29931029 299 102 299.3±102. ng/mL ngmL ng mL AUC=0.946. AUC0946 AUC AUC=0.946 946 (AUC=0.946) Moreover r 0.223 0223 223 -0.223 0.225. 0225 0.225 225 -0.225) (rs670 (rs693 this rs6 COVID1 COVID- (TC (HDL-c (LDL-c (non-HDL-c (TG (VCAM- (qPCR value<0.0 value00 -value<0. 187.0±48. 187048 18 4 (187.0±48 160832 160.8±32 110.3±41. 110341 11 (110.3±41 98828 98.8±28 138.3±45. 138345 13 (138.3±45 115631 115.6±31 139.7±80. 139780 (139.7±80 84935 84.9±35 149.5±40. 149540 14 (149.5±40 133320 133.3±20 682.7±231. 6827231 68 23 (682.7±231 2993102 29 10 299.3±102 AUC094 AUC=0.94 94 (AUC=0.946 0.22 022 22 -0.22 -0.225 (rs67 (rs69 (VCAM value<0. value0 -value<0 187.0±48 18704 (187.0±4 16083 160.8±3 110.3±41 11034 (110.3±4 9882 98.8±2 138.3±45 13834 (138.3±4 11563 115.6±3 139.7±80 13978 (139.7±8 8493 84.9±3 149.5±40 14954 (149.5±4 13332 133.3±2 682.7±231 682723 (682.7±23 299310 299.3±10 AUC09 AUC=0.9 (AUC=0.94 0.2 02 -0.2 (rs6 value<0 -value< 187.0±4 1870 (187.0± 1608 160.8± 110.3±4 1103 (110.3± 988 98.8± 138.3±4 1383 (138.3± 1156 115.6± 139.7±8 1397 (139.7± 849 84.9± 149.5±4 1495 (149.5± 1333 133.3± 682.7±23 68272 (682.7±2 29931 299.3±1 AUC0 AUC=0. (AUC=0.9 0. -0. (rs value< -value 187.0± (187.0 160.8 110.3± (110.3 98.8 138.3± (138.3 115.6 139.7± (139.7 84.9 149.5± (149.5 133.3 682.7±2 6827 (682.7± 2993 299.3± AUC=0 (AUC=0. -0 187.0 (187. 160. 110.3 (110. 98. 138.3 (138. 115. 139.7 (139. 84. 149.5 (149. 133. 682.7± (682.7 299.3 AUC= (AUC=0 - 187. (187 110. (110 138. (138 139. (139 149. (149 682.7 (682. 299. (AUC= (18 (11 (13 (14 682. (682 (AUC (1 (68 ( (6

ABSTRACT Resistant genotypes are a valuable tool in integrated pest management programs of insect pests of stored grains. Here, we screened 90 Brazilian common bean genotypes to select promising sources of resistance to Acanthoscelides obtectus. Thus, bean samples were infested with newly emerged insects, and the number of eggs, emerged insects, developmental time, and larval viability were assessed in a no-choice test. Genotypes IPR Garça, CHIR 13, IAC Harmonia, CHIR 20, IAC Boreal, and CHIP 312 showed low oviposition. Genotypes IPR Quero-Quero, BRS Notável, CHIC 61 - Cariocão, BRS Ametista, IPR Uirapuru, IAC Imperador, Avaluna, CHP 04-241A-212 - Guapo B. × Uirapuru, CHIB 06, SCS 206 - Potência, CHC 01-175-1 - Campeiro × IAC Tibatã, CHP 01-182-48 - Uirapuru × Campeiro, UEM 266, CHC 04-233-2 - Siriri × Horizonte, CHV 17-64, SCS 205 - Riqueza, CHP 01-238-80 - MN 13337, SM 1510 - preto, BRS Radiante, CHIB 18, CHIR 14, CAV 17 EFM 008, CHIR 04, IPR Campos Gerais, CHV 05-268-02, LP 13-624 - preto, Linhagem 110 - IAC, CHP 01-182-12 - Uirapuru × Campeiro, LP 13-84 - carioca, BRS Esteio, CHV 17-635, CHB 15-518, Arcelina 1, IPR Tuiuiu, SCS 204 - Predileto, TB - 17-02, BRS Estilo, SM 0511 - cavalo preto, Pérola, IPR Tangará, and CNFRj - 15411 reduced oviposition, the number of emerged adults, and larval viability, suggesting antixenosis and/or antibiosis. Thus, these genotypes are promising sources of resistance factors and can be used in breeding programs to obtain lines of common beans resistant to A. obtectus. grains Here 9 obtectus Thus insects eggs time nochoice no choice test Garça 13 Harmonia 20 Boreal 31 oviposition QueroQuero, QueroQuero Quero Quero, Quero-Quero Notável 6 Cariocão Ametista Imperador Avaluna 04241A212 A 04 241A 212 04-241A-21 B 06 Potência 011751 01 175 1 01-175- Tibatã 0118248 182 48 01-182-4 266 042332 233 2 04-233- Horizonte 1764, 1764 64, 64 17-64 Riqueza 0123880 238 80 01-238-8 13337 151 preto Radiante 18 14 008 Gerais 0526802, 0526802 05 268 02, 02 05-268-02 13624 624 13-62 11 0118212 12 01-182-1 1384 84 13-8 carioca Esteio 17635, 17635 635, 635 17-635 15518, 15518 15 518, 518 15-518 Tuiuiu Predileto 1702, 1702 17-02 Estilo 051 Pérola Tangará 1541 adults andor or antibiosis 3 04241A21 0 21 04-241A-2 01175 01-175 011824 4 01-182- 26 04233 23 04-233 176 17-6 012388 8 01-238- 1333 00 052680 05-268-0 1362 62 13-6 011821 138 13- 1763 63 17-63 1551 51 15-51 170 17-0 154 04241A2 04-241A- 0117 01-17 01182 01-182 0423 04-23 17- 01238 01-238 133 05268 05-268- 136 155 5 15-5 04241A 04-241A 011 01-1 0118 01-18 042 04-2 0123 01-23 0526 05-268 15- 01- 04- 012 01-2 052 05-26 05-2 05-

Objetivo: comprobar la tasa de evaluación correcta mediante la comparación visual directa de las medidas de dilatación cervical en modelos de cuello uterino de consistencia dura. Método: estudio aleatorizado abierto con 63 estudiantes de obstetricia a los que se les asignó usar o no la comparación visual directa con una guía de dilatación. Los estudiantes estimaron de forma ciega la dilatación cervical en simuladores con diferentes dilataciones. El resultado primario fue la tasa de evaluación correcta. Resultados: los estudiantes realizaron 441 pruebas. Se observó una mayor tasa de evaluación correcta en el grupo experimental que en el grupo control (47,3% versus 27,2%; p < 0,001; Odds Ratio = 2,41; intervalo de confianza del 95% = 1,62-3, 58). Conclusión: la comparación visual directa aumentó la precisión de la evaluación de la dilatación cervical en modelos de simulación de cuello, lo que podría ser beneficioso en el entrenamiento de laboratorio. Registro Brasileño de Ensayos Clínicos n.º U1111-1210-2389. Objetivo dura Método 6 dilataciones Resultados 44 pruebas 47,3% 473 47 3 (47,3 27,2% 272 27 2 0,001 0001 0 001 2,41 241 41 95 1,623, 1623 1,62 3, 1 62 1,62-3 58. 58 . 58) Conclusión laboratorio nº n º U111112102389. U111112102389 U U1111 1210 2389. 2389 U1111-1210-2389 4 47,3 (47, 27,2 0,00 000 00 2,4 24 9 623 1,623 162 1,6 1,62- 5 U11111210238 U111 121 238 U1111-1210-238 47, (47 27, 0,0 2, 16 1, U1111121023 U11 12 23 U1111-1210-23 (4 0, U111112102 U1 U1111-1210-2 ( U11111210 U1111-1210- U1111121 U1111-1210 U111112 U1111-121 U11111 U1111-12 U1111-1 U1111-

Objective: to verify the correct assessment rate when using direct visual comparison in the cervical dilation measures in hard-consistency cervix simulation models. Method: an open-label and randomized study conducted with 63 Obstetrics students that were designated either to use direct visual comparison in a dilation guide or not. The students estimated cervical dilation blindly in simulators with different dilations. The primary outcome was the correct assessment rate. Results: the students performed 141 tests. A higher correct assessment rate was found in the Experimental Group than in the Control Group (47.3% versus 27.2%; p<0.001; Odds Ratio = 2.41; 95% Confidence Interval = 1.62-3.58). Conclusion: the direct visual comparison increased precision of the cervical dilation assessment in cervix simulation models, with the possibility of being beneficial in laboratory training. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials No. U1111-1210-2389. Objective hardconsistency hard consistency models Method openlabel open label 6 not dilations Results 14 tests 47.3% 473 47 3 (47.3 27.2% 272 27 2 p<0.001 p0001 p 0 001 2.41 241 41 95 1.623.58. 162358 1.62 3.58 . 1 62 58 1.62-3.58) Conclusion training No U111112102389. U111112102389 U U1111 1210 2389. 2389 U1111-1210-2389 47.3 4 (47. 27.2 p<0.00 p000 00 2.4 24 9 623 1.623.58 16235 162 1.6 358 3.5 5 1.62-3.58 U11111210238 U111 121 238 U1111-1210-238 47. (47 27. p<0.0 p00 2. 1.623.5 1623 16 1. 35 3. 1.62-3.5 U1111121023 U11 12 23 U1111-1210-23 (4 p<0. p0 1.623. 1.62-3. U111112102 U1 U1111-1210-2 ( p<0 1.623 1.62-3 U11111210 U1111-1210- p< 1.62- U1111121 U1111-1210 U111112 U1111-121 U11111 U1111-12 U1111-1 U1111-

Objetivo: verificar a taxa de avaliação correta com o uso da comparação visual direta nas medidas de dilatação cervical em modelos de simulação de colo com consistência dura. Método: estudo randomizado aberto com 63 estudantes de obstetrícia que foram designados para usar comparação visual direta em um guia de dilatação ou não. Os estudantes estimaram cegamente a dilatação cervical em simuladores com diferentes dilatações. O desfecho primário foi a taxa de avaliação correta. Resultados: os estudantes realizaram 441 testes. Foi encontrada maior taxa de avaliação correta no grupo experimental do que no grupo controle (47,3% versus 27,2%; p <0,001; Odds Ratio = 2,41; intervalo de confiança de 95% = 1,62-3,58). Conclusão: a comparação visual direta aumentou a precisão da avaliação da dilatação cervical em modelos de simulação de colo, podendo ser benéfica no treinamento em laboratório. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos nº U1111-1210-2389. Objetivo dura Método 6 não dilatações Resultados 44 testes 47,3% 473 47 3 (47,3 27,2% 272 27 2 <0,001 0001 0 001 2,41 241 41 95 1,623,58. 162358 1,62 3,58 . 1 62 58 1,62-3,58) Conclusão laboratório U111112102389. U111112102389 U U1111 1210 2389. 2389 U1111-1210-2389 4 47,3 (47, 27,2 <0,00 000 00 2,4 24 9 623 1,623,58 16235 162 1,6 358 3,5 5 1,62-3,58 U11111210238 U111 121 238 U1111-1210-238 47, (47 27, <0,0 2, 1,623,5 1623 16 1, 35 3, 1,62-3,5 U1111121023 U11 12 23 U1111-1210-23 (4 <0, 1,623, 1,62-3, U111112102 U1 U1111-1210-2 ( <0 1,623 1,62-3 U11111210 U1111-1210- < 1,62- U1111121 U1111-1210 U111112 U1111-121 U11111 U1111-12 U1111-1 U1111-

Abstract Background Brain edema is the leading cause of death in patients with malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Midline shift (MLS) has been used as a monohemispheric brain edema marker in several studies; however, it does not precisely measure brain edema. It is now possible to directly measure hemisphere brain volume. Knowledge about the time course of brain edema after malignant middle cerebral artery infarction may contribute to the condition’s management. Objective Therefore, our goal was to evaluate the course of brain edema in patients with malignant MCA infarction treated with decompressive craniectomy (DC) using hemispheric volumetric measurements. Methods Patients were selected consecutively from a single tertiary hospital between 2013 and 2019. All patients were diagnosed with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction and underwent a decompressive craniectomy (DC) to treat the ischemic event. All computed tomography (CT) exams performed during the clinical care of these patients were analyzed, and the whole ischemic hemisphere volume was calculated for each CT scan. Results We analyzed 43 patients (197 CT exams). Patients’ mean age at DC was 51.72 [range: 42–68] years. The mean time between the ischemic ictus and DC was 41.88 (range: 6–77) hours. The mean time between the ischemic event and the peak of hemisphere volume was 168.84 (95% confidence interval [142.08, 195.59]) hours. Conclusion In conclusion, the peak of cerebral edema in malignant MCA infarction after DC occurred on the 7th day (168.84 h) after stroke symptoms onset. Further studies evaluating therapies for brain edema even after DC should be investigated. (MCA MLS (MLS however conditions condition s management Therefore (DC measurements 201 2019 (CT scan 4 197 (19 exams. . exams) 5172 51 72 51.7 range [range 42–68 4268 42 68 years 4188 41 88 41.8 (range 6–77 677 6 77 hours 16884 168 84 168.8 95% 95 (95 142.08, 14208 142 08 [142.08 195.59 19559 195 59 195.59] conclusion th (168.8 h onset investigated 20 19 (1 517 5 7 51. 42–6 426 418 8 41. 6–7 67 1688 16 168. 9 (9 142.08 1420 14 0 [142.0 195.5 1955 (168. 2 1 ( 42– 6– 142.0 [142. 195. (168 142. [142 (16 [14 [1 [

Resumo Antecedentes O edema cerebral é a principal causa de morte em pacientes com infarto maligno de artéria cerebral média. O desvio da linha média tem sido utilizado como marcador de edema cerebral mono-hemisférico em alguns estudos; porém, ele não mede de forma precisa o edema cerebral. Atualmente é possível mensurar diretamente o volume do hemisfério cerebral. O conhecimento sobre a evolução temporal do edema cerebral após infartos malignos da artéria cerebral média pode contribuir para o cuidado clínico desta condição. Objetivo Nosso objetivo é avaliar o edema hemisférico ao longo do tempo, em pacientes com infarto maligno da artéria cerebral média, tratados com craniectomia descompressiva. Métodos Os pacientes foram selecionados de forma consecutiva, em um hospital terciário, entre 2013 e 2019. Todos os pacientes apresentavam diagnóstico de infarto maligno de artéria cerebral média e foram submetidos a craniectomia descompressiva. Todas as tomografias computadorizadas de crânio destes pacientes foram analizadas, e o volume do hemisfério cerebral infartado foi mensurado. Resultados Analisamos 43 pacientes (197 tomografias de crânio). A idade média dos pacientes na craniectomia descompressiva foi 51,72 (42–68) anos. O tempo médio entre o ictus e a craniectomia descompressiva foi 41,88 (6–77) horas. O tempo médio entre o ictus e o pico do volume hemisférico foi 168,84 (142,08–195,59) horas. Conclusão O pico do volume cerebral em pacientes com infarto maligno de artéria cerebral média submetidos a craniectomia descompressiva ocorreu no 7o dia (168,84 horas) após o infarto. Mais estudos avaliando terapêuticas direcionadas ao edema cerebral seriam úteis neste contexto. monohemisférico mono porém condição consecutiva terciário 201 2019 analizadas mensurado 4 197 (19 crânio. . crânio) 5172 51 72 51,7 42–68 4268 42 68 (42–68 anos 4188 41 88 41,8 6–77 677 6 77 (6–77 horas 16884 168 84 168,8 142,08–195,59 1420819559 142 08 195 59 (142,08–195,59 (168,8 contexto 20 19 (1 517 5 7 51, 42–6 426 (42–6 418 8 41, 6–7 67 (6–7 1688 16 168, 142,08–195,5 142081955 14 0 (142,08–195,5 (168, 2 1 ( 42– (42– 6– (6– 142,08–195, 14208195 (142,08–195, (168 (42 (6 142,08–195 1420819 (142,08–195 (16 (4 142,08–19 142081 (142,08–19 142,08–1 14208 (142,08–1 142,08– 1420 (142,08– 142,08 (142,08 142,0 (142,0 142, (142, (142 (14

ABSTRACT Iphigenia brasiliensis is a bivalve mollusk exploited as a shellfish and subsistence resource on the Brazilian coast, mainly in the north and northeast regions. Genetic (allozyme electrophoresis revealed eight gene loci) and morphological variations (multivariate morphometry of valves used 13 linear measurements of traditional and 19 Fourier coefficients of geometric morphometry) were studied, considering the geographic (445 km of the southwest tropical Atlantic), environmental (mangroves and channels of communication with the sea of three estuaries in the state of Rio de Janeiro), and temporal dimensions (over two years). I. brasiliensis showed high levels of genetic variation (the average number of alleles per locus ranged from 2.8 to 3.4, and the average heterozygosity ranged from 0.441 to 0.675). Bayesian analysis of population partitioning showed that the highest LnP(D) value was achieved for K = 3. These results indicated mixed ancestry, possibly oscillations in the dispersion dynamics among the different sampling groups, and temporal oscillations in the population sizes due to the anthropogenic influence on the studied estuaries. The results of morphological variation, inferred by the PERMANOVA from the Fourier analysis, indicated that a similar influence might occur in valves (also, the discriminant analysis showed that different groups could be consistently identified). In this sense, the studied populations may be organized in a dynamic of metapopulations. Finally, these are the first data on morphological and genetic variation of the species in the latitudinal, environmental, and temporal dimensions studied simultaneously, thus providing relevant information for the exploration, management, and conservation of this commercially important species.

ABSTRACT Variation in rainfall affects crops; therefore, agricultural practices become essential for forage production in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different agricultural practices on phyllochron, structural characteristics of forage cactus and millet, and their relations with crop yield using the principal component analysis (PCA). The design was in randomized blocks, with six treatments: sole cropped cactus without straw mulching, sole cropped cactus with straw mulching, sole cropped millet without straw mulching, sole cropped millet with straw mulching, and cactus intercropping with millet, with and without straw mulching, each with four replicates. There were three cactus cycles and nine millet cycles (three cycles of cultivars BRS1501 and six of IPA Bulk-1-BF). Biometric parameters were evaluated monthly, while yield was determined after the crop harvest. Phyllochron was determined with the regression analysis. The PCA was applied to structural characteristics and yield. The systems adopted did not influence the structural characteristics of cactus and millet ( p > 0.05), except for cladode thickness, which increased with straw mulching. Phyllochron of the millet reduced when the crop was intercropped. The structural characteristics of cladode length, width, and thickness influenced crop yield, mainly in systems with straw mulching. Straw mulching and intercropping alter phyllochron of cactus and millet. The adoption of straw mulching has a more significant relationship with cactus yield, whereas biometric variables influence crop yield for millet, not the cropping system. crops therefore semiarid semi arid regions PCA. . (PCA) blocks treatments replicates BRS BRS150 Bulk1BF. Bulk1BF BulkBF Bulk 1 BF Bulk-1-BF) monthly harvest 0.05, 005 0.05 , 0 05 0.05) intercropped length width system (PCA BRS15 Bulk-1-BF 00 0.0 BRS1 0.

Abstract The burrowing nematode Radopholus similis is among the most damaging pathogens. Resistant plants are one of the most promising approaches for nematode control, and knowledge of resistance and aggressiveness components is essential to understand resistance genetics and developing new cultivars. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the degree of resistance of eight banana accessions to populations of R. similis to verify differences in the reproduction capacity between nematode populations and to study the horizontal/vertical resistance and aggressiveness/ virulence components of Musa spp. and R. similis pathosystem. The accessions 4249-05, 4279-06, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03, 0337-02, 1304-06, Borneo and Grande Naine were inoculated with one of three R. similis populations from the Brazilian states of Pernambuco, Distrito Federal, and Santa Catarina and kept in a greenhouse. Accessions 4249-05, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03, and 4279-06 showed different resistance levels, and the Pernambuco population had the highest reproductive capacity. Using Griffing Model IV, evidence of vertical and horizontal resistance was observed, with accessions 4249-05 and Yangambi km5 showing the highest levels of horizontal resistance. pathogens control cultivars Therefore R horizontalvertical spp pathosystem 424905, 424905 4249 05, 05 427906, 427906 4279 06, 06 Km5 Km 032303, 032303 0323 03, 03 0323-03 033702, 033702 0337 02, 02 0337-02 130406, 130406 1304 1304-06 Federal greenhouse 4279-0 IV observed 4249-0 km 42490 424 0 42790 427 03230 032 0323-0 03370 033 0337-0 13040 130 1304-0 4279- 4249- 42 0323- 0337- 13 1304- 4 1

Resumo O nematoide cavernícola, Radopholus similis, está entre os patógenos de banana mais prejudiciais. Plantas resistentes são uma das abordagens mais promissoras para o controle de nematoides. O conhecimento de componentes da resistência e da agressividade é essencial para entender a genética de resistência e para desenvolver novas cultivares. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi acessar o grau de resistência de oito acessos de bananeira a populações de R. similis, verificar diferenças na capacidade de reprodução entre populações de nematoides e estudar os componentes de resistência horizontal/vertical e agressividade/virulência no patossistema Musa spp. e R. similis. Os acessos 4249-05, 4279- 06, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03, 0337-02, 1304-06, Borneo e Grande Naine foram inoculados com cada uma das três populações de R. similis (Pernambuco (PE), Distrito Federal (DF) ou Santa Catarina (SC)) e mantidos em casa de vegetação. Os acessos 4249-05, Yangambi Km5, 0323-03 e 4279-06 expressaram diferentes níveis de resistência, e a população do nematoide de PE foi a que apresentou maior capacidade de multiplicação. Baseado no Modelo IV de Griffing, evidências de resistência vertical e horizontal foram observadas, sendo que os acessos 4249-05 e Yangambi km5 foram os que apresentaram maiores níveis de resistência horizontal. cavernícola prejudiciais cultivares Portanto R horizontalvertical agressividadevirulência virulência spp 424905, 424905 4249 05, 05 4279 06 Km5 Km 032303, 032303 0323 03, 03 033702, 033702 0337 02, 02 0337-02 130406, 130406 1304 1304-06 Pernambuco PE, , (PE) DF (DF SC (SC) vegetação 0323-0 427906 4279-0 multiplicação Griffing observadas 4249-0 km 42490 424 0 427 03230 032 03370 033 0337-0 13040 130 1304-0 (PE (SC 0323- 42790 4249- 42 0337- 13 1304- 4 1

Resumen Objetivo: analisar la distribución espacial y la tendencia de la lepra en una región sanitaria de un estado del Nordeste brasileño. Métodos: estudio ecológico y de serie temporal, con notificación obligatoria de los municipios de la Unidad de Gestión Regional de Salud de Imperatriz-MA, entre 2008-2017. Se determinaron la prevalencia y la media del período y se realizó un análisis del espacio de área, los mapas se generaron en ArcGis 10.5. Para el análisis de tendencia se utilizaron regresiones de Prais-Winsten. Resultado: se identificaron 4.029 casos y las prevalencias promedio oscilaron entre 2,0 y 11,5 casos/10.000 habitantes-año, con tendencia al descenso. Governador Edson Lobão presentó la mayor prevalencia 11,5 casos/10.000 habitantes y Lajeado Novo la menor prevalencia 2,0 casos/10.000 habitantes. Conclusión: la distribución espacial de los casos de lepra fue heterogénea en los municipios y la tendencia de prevalencia decreciente. Objetivo brasileño Métodos temporal ImperatrizMA, ImperatrizMA Imperatriz MA, MA Imperatriz-MA 20082017. 20082017 2008 2017. 2017 2008-2017 área 105 10 5 10.5 PraisWinsten. PraisWinsten Prais Winsten. Winsten Prais-Winsten Resultado 4029 4 029 4.02 20 2 0 2, 115 11 11, casos10000 000 casos/10.00 habitantesaño, habitantesaño año, año habitantes-año descenso Conclusión decreciente 2008201 200 201 2008-201 1 10. 402 02 4.0 casos1000 00 casos/10.0 200820 2008-20 40 4. casos100 casos/10. 20082 2008-2 casos10 casos/10 2008- casos1 casos/1 casos/

Abstract Objective: to analyse the spatial distribution and trend of leprosy in municipalities of a health region in a Northeast Brazilian state. Methods: this was an ecological time-series study based on compulsory notification of leprosy cases by the municipalities covered by the Imperatriz-MA Regional Health Management Unit, between 2008 and 2017; prevalence and mean prevalence for the period were calculated; spatial analysis of the area was carried out and maps were generated using ArcGis 10.5. Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. Result: 4,029 cases of the disease were identified, and average prevalence ranged from 2.0 to 11.5 cases/10,000 inhabitants-year. The overall trend was downward. Governador Edson Lobão had the highest prevalence, 11.5 cases/10,000 inhabitants, and Lajeado Novo had the lowest prevalence, 2.0 cases/10,000 inhabitants. Conclusion: spatial distribution of leprosy cases was heterogeneous in the municipalities studied and prevalence had a falling trend. Objective state Methods timeseries time series ImperatrizMA Imperatriz MA Unit 200 2017 calculated 105 10 5 10.5 PraisWinsten Prais Winsten Result 4029 4 029 4,02 identified 20 2 0 2. 115 11 11. cases10000 000 cases/10,00 inhabitantsyear. inhabitantsyear inhabitants year. year inhabitants-year downward Conclusion 201 1 10. 402 02 4,0 cases1000 00 cases/10,0 40 4, cases100 cases/10, cases10 cases/10 cases1 cases/1 cases/

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial e a tendência da hanseníase em municípios de uma regional de saúde de um estado no Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: estudo ecológico e de séries temporais, sobre a notificação compulsória dos municípios integrantes da Unidade Gestora Regional de Saúde de Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brasil, entre 2008 e 2017; foram determinadas as prevalências e a média para o período; realizou-se a análise espacial de área e os mapas foram gerados pelo aplicativo ArcGis 10.5; na análise de tendência, utilizou-se a regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultado: foram identificados 4.029 casos da doença e as médias de prevalência variaram de 2,0 a 11,5 casos/10 mil habitantes/ano, com tendência descendente; Governador Edson Lobão apresentou a maior prevalência, 11,5 casos/10 mil hab., e Lajeado Novo a menor, 2,0 casos/10 mil hab. Conclusão: a distribuição espacial dos casos de hanseníase foi heterogênea nos municípios estudados e a tendência da prevalência, decrescente. Objetivo brasileiro Métodos temporais Imperatriz Maranhão Brasil 200 2017 período realizouse realizou se 10.5 105 10 5 utilizouse utilizou PraisWinsten. PraisWinsten Prais Winsten. Winsten Prais-Winsten Resultado 4029 4 029 4.02 20 2 0 2, 115 11 11, casos10 casos/1 habitantesano habitantes ano habitantes/ano descendente hab menor Conclusão decrescente 201 10. 1 402 02 4.0 casos1 casos/ 40 4.

Abstract Brazil has the most populous and biodiverse semi-arid region in the world (Brazilian Semi-arid - SAB). However, in recent decades, clusters of desertification have emerged, a problem that could intensify from climate change. The objective of this study was to elaborate on the spatial distribution of areas susceptible to climatic desertification in the SAB, considering future climate change scenarios. Understanding this dynamic is essential for SAB's agri-environmental management. Aridity indices and proposition of climate classes for current condition (1970-2000) and future scenarios (2061-2080) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were prepared, considering scenarios from Shared Socioeconomic Pathways: Optimistic (SSP 126) and pessimists (SSP 585). The results indicate that by the end of the century, the climate in the SAB should become significantly drier (Kruskal-Wallis = p-value < 0.05), with an intensification of the aridity index in SSP 585. In the scenarios, the expansion of more arid areas over humid climates could reach 56,500 km2 (10%) in SSP 126 and 140,400 km2 (24%) in SSP 585. Consequently, areas with high (622,400 km2 to 706,300 km2) and very high (622,400 km2 to 706,300 km2) are expected to expand. 4,400 to 21,700 km2) susceptibility to climate desertification in the SAB, respectively in scenarios SSPs 126 and 585. Confirming these projections would imply socioeconomic and ecological risks in the SAB. semiarid semi Brazilian Semiarid Semi . SAB) However decades emerged SABs s agrienvironmental agri environmental management 19702000 1970 2000 (1970-2000 20612080 2061 2080 (2061-2080 IPCC (IPCC prepared Pathways 585 585) century KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis pvalue p value 0.05, 005 0.05 , 0 05 0.05) 56500 56 500 56,50 km 10% 10 (10% 12 140400 140 400 140,40 24% 24 (24% Consequently 622,400 622400 622 (622,40 706300 706 300 706,30 expand 4400 4 4,40 21700 21 700 21,70 1970200 197 200 (1970-200 2061208 206 208 (2061-208 58 00 0.0 5650 5 50 56,5 1 (10 14040 14 40 140,4 2 (24 622,40 62240 62 (622,4 70630 70 30 706,3 440 4,4 2170 21,7 197020 19 20 (1970-20 206120 (2061-20 0. 565 56, (1 1404 140, (2 622,4 6224 6 (622, 7063 7 3 706, 44 4, 217 21, 19702 (1970-2 20612 (2061-2 ( 622, (622 (1970- (2061- (62 (1970 (2061 (6 (197 (206 (19 (20

Resumo O Brasil possui a região semiárida mais populosa e de maior biodiversidade do mundo (Semiárido Brasileiro - SAB). No entanto, nas últimas décadas, núcleos de desertificação têm surgido, um problema que pode intensificar a partir de mudanças climáticas. O objetivo desse estudo foi elaborar a distribuição espacial das áreas suscetíveis à desertificação climática no SAB, considerando cenários futuros de mudanças do clima. O entendimento dessa dinâmica é algo essencial para a gestão agroambiental do SAB. Foram elaborados índices de aridez e proposição de classes climáticas para condição atual (1970-2000) e cenários futuros (2061-2080) do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC), levando em conta cenários do Caminhos Socioeconômicos Compartilhados: otimistas (SSP 126) e pessimistas (SSP 585). Os resultados indicam que até o final do século, o clima no SAB deverá tornar-se significativamente mais seco (Kruskal-Wallis = p-value < 0,05), com intensificação do índice de aridez no SSP 585. Nos cenários, a expansão de áreas mais áridas sobre climas úmidos pode alcançar 56.500 km2 (10%) no SSP 126 e 140,400 km2 (24%) no SSP 585. Consequentemente, espera-se expansão das áreas com alta (622,400 km2 a 706,300 km2) e muito alta (4,400 a 21,700 km2) suscetibilidade à desertificação climática no SAB, respectivamente nos cenários SSPs 126 e 585. Confirmando essas projeções, implicaria em riscos socioeconômicos e ecológicos no SAB. Semiárido . SAB) entanto décadas surgido 19702000 1970 2000 (1970-2000 20612080 2061 2080 (2061-2080 IPCC, IPCC , (IPCC) Compartilhados 585 585) século tornarse tornar se KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis pvalue p value 0,05, 005 0,05 0 05 0,05) 56500 56 500 56.50 km 10% 10 (10% 12 140400 140 400 140,40 24% 24 (24% Consequentemente esperase espera 622,400 622400 622 (622,40 706300 706 300 706,30 4,400 4400 4 (4,40 21700 21 700 21,70 projeções 1970200 197 200 (1970-200 2061208 206 208 (2061-208 (IPCC 58 00 0,0 5650 5 50 56.5 1 (10 14040 14 40 140,4 2 (24 622,40 62240 62 (622,4 70630 70 30 706,3 4,40 440 (4,4 2170 21,7 197020 19 20 (1970-20 206120 (2061-20 0, 565 56. (1 1404 140, (2 622,4 6224 6 (622, 7063 7 3 706, 4,4 44 (4, 217 21, 19702 (1970-2 20612 (2061-2 ( 622, (622 4, (4 (1970- (2061- (62 (1970 (2061 (6 (197 (206 (19 (20

Resumen La naturaleza multiescalar de la crisis ambiental reúne mecanismos científicos y políticos que convergen en un discurso común: la sustentabilidad. Este texto contrasta los significados vernáculos y modernos del común, sugiriendo retomar la convivialidad como contrapunto a dilemas que plantean a hiper mercantilización de la naturaleza. Con base en trabajos de campo, se describen parámetros de gobernanza en la producción de meliponinas y en la pesquería manejada de pirarucú (Arapaima spp.) en la región amazónica y de la extracción de palma juçara (Euterpe. edulis) en la floresta atlántica. Al explorar particularidades en la gobernanza de estos recursos, el objetivo es evidenciar posibilidades y limitaciones a la convivencialidad en su uso. En los casos estudiados, la perspectiva convivencial tiende a limitarse al cooperativismo productivista y se concluye que la reanudación del sentido comunal como principio de acción política puede ofrecer horizontes más amplios para la sostenibilidad de la gobernanza. común sustentabilidad campo Arapaima spp. spp Euterpe. Euterpe (Euterpe edulis atlántica recursos uso estudiados

Abstract The multiscale nature of the environmental crisis brings together scientific and political mechanisms that converge on a common discursive axis: sustainability. This text contrasts vernacular and modern meanings of the commons and suggests conviviality as a counterpoint to the dilemmas posed by nature’s hypercommodification. Based on fieldwork, it describes governance parameters in the meliponiculture chain and the fishery management of pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) in the Amazon and the palm heart harvesting (Euterpe edulis) in the Atlantic Forest areas. It explores particularities in these resources’ governance as it aims to highlight possibilities and limitations to conviviality provided by these activities. For the cases studied, the convivial perspective is limited to cooperativism directed by the market. Still, a communal sense taken back as a principle for political action can offer broader horizons for the sustainability of governance. axis natures s hypercommodification fieldwork Arapaima spp. spp Euterpe edulis areas resources activities studied market Still

Resumo A natureza multiescalar da crise ambiental aglutina mecanismos científicos e políticos que convergem para um eixo discursivo comum: a sustentabilidade. Esse texto contrapõe sentidos vernáculos e modernos do comum, sugerindo retomar a convivencialidade como contraponto aos dilemas colocados por processos de hipermercantilização da natureza. Com base em trabalhos de campo, são descritos parâmetros de governança na produção de meliponíneos e da pesca manejada do pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) na região amazônica e do extrativismo do palmito juçara (Euterpe edulis) em porções da Mata Atlântica. Explorando comparativamente particularidades na governança desses recursos, objetiva-se evidenciar possibilidades e limitações à convivencialidade em seu regime de uso. Nos casos estudados, constata-se que a perspectiva convivencial tende a se limitar ao cooperativismo produtivista e conclui-se que retomada do sentido comunal como princípio de ação política pode oferecer horizontes mais amplos para a sustentabilidade dos regimes de governança. comum campo Arapaima spp. spp Euterpe edulis Atlântica recursos objetivase objetiva uso estudados constatase constata concluise conclui

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a distribuição espacial e a tendência da hanseníase em municípios de uma regional de saúde de um estado no Nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: estudo ecológico e de séries temporais, sobre a notificação compulsória dos municípios integrantes da Unidade Gestora Regional de Saúde de Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brasil, entre 2008 e 2017; foram determinadas as prevalências e a média para o período; realizou-se a análise espacial de área e os mapas foram gerados pelo aplicativo ArcGis 10.5; na análise de tendência, utilizou-se a regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultado: foram identificados 4.029 casos da doença e as médias de prevalência variaram de 2,0 a 11,5 casos/10 mil habitantes/ano, com tendência descendente; Governador Edson Lobão apresentou a maior prevalência, 11,5 casos/10 mil hab., e Lajeado Novo a menor, 2,0 casos/10 mil hab. Conclusão: a distribuição espacial dos casos de hanseníase foi heterogênea nos municípios estudados e a tendência da prevalência, decrescente.

Resumen Objetivo: analisar la distribución espacial y la tendencia de la lepra en una región sanitaria de un estado del Nordeste brasileño. Métodos: estudio ecológico y de serie temporal, con notificación obligatoria de los municipios de la Unidad de Gestión Regional de Salud de Imperatriz-MA, entre 2008-2017. Se determinaron la prevalencia y la media del período y se realizó un análisis del espacio de área, los mapas se generaron en ArcGis 10.5. Para el análisis de tendencia se utilizaron regresiones de Prais-Winsten. Resultado: se identificaron 4.029 casos y las prevalencias promedio oscilaron entre 2,0 y 11,5 casos/10.000 habitantes-año, con tendencia al descenso. Governador Edson Lobão presentó la mayor prevalencia 11,5 casos/10.000 habitantes y Lajeado Novo la menor prevalencia 2,0 casos/10.000 habitantes. Conclusión: la distribución espacial de los casos de lepra fue heterogénea en los municipios y la tendencia de prevalencia decreciente.

Abstract Objective: to analyse the spatial distribution and trend of leprosy in municipalities of a health region in a Northeast Brazilian state. Methods: this was an ecological time-series study based on compulsory notification of leprosy cases by the municipalities covered by the Imperatriz-MA Regional Health Management Unit, between 2008 and 2017; prevalence and mean prevalence for the period were calculated; spatial analysis of the area was carried out and maps were generated using ArcGis 10.5. Prais-Winsten regression was used for trend analysis. Result: 4,029 cases of the disease were identified, and average prevalence ranged from 2.0 to 11.5 cases/10,000 inhabitants-year. The overall trend was downward. Governador Edson Lobão had the highest prevalence, 11.5 cases/10,000 inhabitants, and Lajeado Novo had the lowest prevalence, 2.0 cases/10,000 inhabitants. Conclusion: spatial distribution of leprosy cases was heterogeneous in the municipalities studied and prevalence had a falling trend.

Resumen Los procesos erosivos tienen graves impactos sobre el ambiente, generando importantes pérdidas económicas, sociales y de biodiversidad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la fragilidad ambiental asociada a los procesos erosivos en la cuenca del arroyo La Onça, en Coxim, Mato Grosso do Sul-Brasil. La metodologia se sustenta en la cartografia de los suelos, la inclinación de las pendientes, las áreas prioritarias para la conservación de la biodiversidad y la intensidad de la lluvia, con vistas a evaluar la fragilidad potencial que, unida al mapa del uso y cobertura de la tierra por la superposición booleana ponderada, permite obtener la fragilidad ambiental. Para validar este modelo se realizó la identificación de los sitios con erosión, a partir de una imagen de alta resolución y el levantamiento de las áreas llamadas "suelos con exposición extrema" mediante la identificación de áreas que presentan el menor grado de protección del suelo. Los resultados muestran el predominio en la cuenca de las zonas con fragilidad ambiental media (59,61 %) y alta (23,66 %), asociada a una gran concentración de los procesos erosivos en áreas de baja cobertura vegetal, identificadas en el mapa de uso y cobertura de la tierra como áreas de pastos. Ideas destacadas: Articulo de investigación que tiene como premisa el análisis de la fragilidad ambiental asociada a los procesos erosivos dentro de la cuenca del arroyo La Onça (Coxim-Ms). Se utilizaron geotecnologias para el análisis sistémico, estableciendo medidas dirigidas a ayudar en la toma de decisiones para el manejo y conservación del área.

Resumo Os processos erosivos ocasionam severos impactos ao ambiente, gerando perdas económicas, sociais e de biodiversidade. Este trabalho analisa a fragilidade do ambiente a processos erosivos na bacia hidrográfica do córrego da Onça, em Coxim-MS. A metodologia se fundamentou em mapeamentos de solos, declividade, áreas prioritárias à conservação da biodiversidade e na intensidade pluviomètrica para avaliar a fragilidade potencial e no mapeamento de uso e cobertura da terra que, por meio de sobreposição booleana ponderada resultou um mapeamento da fragilidade ambiental. Para validar esse modelo, foram identificados, pontualmente, as feições erosivas a partir de uma imagem de alta resolução e também um levantamento, com enfoque nas áreas nominadas de "solos com exposição extrema", que teve como objetivo a identificação de áreas que apresentam o menor grau de proteção/cobertura do solo. Os resultados apontaram o predominio de média (59,61 %) e alta (23,66 %), associadas a grandes concentrações de processos erosivos em área de "solo com exposição extrema", áreas de baixa cobertura vegetal, classificadas no uso e cobertura da terra com as classes de pastagem. Ideias destacadas: Artigo de investigação que tem como premissa a análise da fragilidade ambiental associada aos processos erosivos na bacia do córrego da Onça (Coxim-MS), empregando-se as geotecnologias para a análise sistêmica do ambiente, estabelecendo medidas propositivas, que auxiliem na tomada de decisões para o manejo e conservação da área.

Abstract Erosive processes cause severe impacts on the environment, causing economic, social, and biodiversity losses. This paper aims to analyze the fragility of the environment to erosive processes in the Onça river basin, in Coxim-MS. The methodology was based on soil mapping, slope, priority areas for biodiversity conservation, and rainfall intensity to evaluate the potential fragility and land use and land cover, that by means of a boolean weighted overlap with the potential fragility resulted in the mapping of the environmental fragility. To validate the environmental fragility model, the erosive features were identified from a high-resolution image and a making, focusing on the areas named "soils with extreme exposure" from a classification, which had as its only aim to identify areas with the lowest degree of protection/ground cover. The results pointed to the predominance of medium (59.61 %) and high (23.66 %) environmental fragility, associated with high concentrations of erosive processes in "soil with extreme exposure" area, which are areas of low vegetation cover, classified by use. and land cover with the pasture classes. Main ideas: Research article that has as premise the analysis of environmental fragility to erosive processes within the watershed of the Onça stream (Coxim-MS), using geotechnologies for the systemic analysis of the environment, establishing propositional measures that assist in taking decisions for the management and conservation of the area.

Abstract This study aimed to characterize the profile of dental anxiety in pediatric patients, identifying the effect exerted by socioeconomic factors using dental data. A cross-sectional study design with a sample of 120 children aged 7–12 years old was used. Data relating to anxiety levels prior to dental care, socioeconomic aspects (family income, education level, child’s school type), and child’s dental history (previous dental appointments, previous treatment, caries experience) were collected. Additionally, participants completed the Brazilian version of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule- Dental Subscale (B-CFSS-DS) to assess dental anxiety. Descriptive analyses, chi-squared (X 2 ) tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed, with a significance level of 5%. A total of 51 boys (42.5%) and 69 girls (57.5%) were included. There was no significant difference in dental anxiety between them. However, younger children had higher mean B-CFSS-DS scores (p = 0.036, Mann-Whitney). A higher prevalence of dental anxiety was found in participants from low-income families (p = 0.012, X 2 ) and in patients who did not receive endodontic treatment (p=0.034, X 2 ). Higher mean B-CFSS-DS scores were also observed in participants who did not receive endodontic treatment (p=0.001, Mann-Whitney) compared with those that did receive endodontic treatment. No relationship was found between education level, patient school type, first dental appointment, caries experience, and dental anxiety data. Younger children presented a profile of greater dental anxiety. Socioeconomic factors and dental data exerted some effect on dental anxiety, where children from low-income families and those not subjected to endodontic treatment displayed higher rates of dental anxiety.

SUMMARY: The complete petrosphenoidal foramen, or canal, is an eventual and atavistic bony formation at the boundary between the posterior and middle cranial fossa, by occurrence of ossification of the superior petrosphenoidal ligament. This ligament ossification, which has important clinical and surgical significance, can be complete or incomplete, in variable degrees, and is associated with the passageway of neurovascular structures, such as the abducens nerve and the inferior petrosal sinus. This study, conducted with 175 dry skulls that belong to the University of São Paulo’s collection (USP), São Paulo, Brazil, established criteria for a morphological classification of the incomplete petrosphenoid foramen in nine types. In addition, anatomical parameters were established for the morphometric determination of two diameters: the Oblique Diameter (ObDi) and the Maximum Transverse Diameter (MTD). Thus, of the 175 skulls, 146 (83.42 %) presented some of the incomplete forms of the petrosphenoid foramen, and 43 skulls (29.45 %), due to their conservation characteristics, were habilitated to the morphological study, in the classification and in the morphometry (the types I and II of our classification). The type II (incomplete foramen with bony projections of the petrosal tubercle, of the margin of the dorsum of the hypophyseal fossa or of the posterior clinoid process with a distance between them greater than 1mm) and type V (incomplete foramen with a bony projection only in one of the referential structures - posterior clinoid process) were the most common in this study (50 % of the 86 hemiskulls). Morphometry was attributed only to the types: I selar (incomplete foramen with bony projections from the petrosal tubercle and the margin of the dorsum of the hypophyseal fossa with a distance between them less than or equal to 1mm) and to the type II of this classification. The type I selar (9.3 % of the 43 skulls) resulted in an average of 3.25 mm of MTD and 4.63 mm, on average, of ObDi. The type II (25.58 % of the 43 skulls) showed, on average, 4.93 mm of MTD and 7.01 mm of ObDi.

RESUMEN: El foramen o canal petroesfenoidal completo es una formación ósea eventual y atávica en el límite entre las fosas craneal posterior y media, por osificación del ligamento petroesfenoidal superior. Esta osificación del ligamento, que tiene un importante significado clínico y quirúrgico, puede ser completa o incompleta, en grados variables, y está asociada al paso de estructuras neurovasculares, como el nervio abducente y el seno petroso inferior. Este estudio se realizó en 175 cráneos secos pertenecientes a la colección de la Universidad de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brasil. Se establecieron criterios para una clasificación morfológica del foramen petrosfenoidal incompleto en nueve tipos. Además, se establecieron parámetros anatómicos para la determinación morfométrica de dos diámetros: el Diámetro Oblicuo (ObDi) y el Diámetro Transversal Máximo (MTD). Así, de los 175 cráneos, 146 (83,42 %) presentaron alguna de las formas incompletas del foramen petrosfenoidal, y 43 cráneos (29,45 %), por sus características de conservación, fueron habilitados para el estudio morfológico, en la clasificación y en la morfometría (los tipos I y II de nuestra clasificación). El Tipo II (foramen incompleto con proyecciones óseas del tubérculo petroso, del margen del dorso de la fosa hipofisaria o del proceso clinoides posterior con una distancia entre ellos mayor de 1 mm) y el Tipo V (foramen incompleto con proyección ósea solamente en una de las estructuras referenciales - proceso clinoides posterior) fueron los más comunes en este estudio (50 % de los 86 hemiscráneos). La morfometría se atribuyó únicamente al Tipo I selar (foramen incompleto con proyecciones óseas desde el tubérculo petroso y el margen del dorso de la fosa hipofisaria con una distancia entre ellos menor o igual a 1mm) y al Tipo II de esta clasificación. El Tipo I selar (9,3 % de los 43 cráneos) resultó en un promedio de 3,25 mm de MTD y 4,63 mm, en promedio, de ObDi. El Tipo II (25,58 % de los 43 cráneos) mostró, en promedio, 4,93 mm de MTD y 7,01 mm de ObDi.

Abstract Evaluate of cashew nut shell liquid (alginate-CNSL) on TBARS, physicochemical attributes and microbial growing of beef steak was investigated. Three edible coating treatments were prepared: (1) control (uncoating); (2) sodium alginate coating (no additive); and (3) active coatings of sodium alginate added cashew nut shell liquid (alginate-CNSL) at 1% into. Color indexes and water holding capacity were not affected by coating treatments. The pH of the beef samples from the control treatment increased at storage time, and the beef involved with alginate-CNSL coating maintained a pH stable. Alginate-CNSL coating promoted cooking loss lower after 3rd day of storage. Alginate-CNSL coating promoted a lower shear force decrease compared at control and sodium alginate coating. Alginate-CNSL coating reduced lipid oxidation (TBARS) and microbial growing (mesophiles and psychrophiles counts) in beef compared others treatments. Active coating from CNSL (1%) improved the beef preservation, reducing lipid oxidation and microbial growing, until the 6th day of storage stability.