Resumo Dentre as doenças que podem atingir as cavidades nasais dos pequenos ruminantes, destaca-se a oestrose. No Brasil, mais especificamente na região Sudeste, os relatos estão limitados ao estado de São Paulo e ao município de Araxá, Minas Gerais. Assim, procurou-se avaliar a prevalência parasitária do Oestrus ovis em ovinos criados no município de Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais-Brasil, correlacionando ao mesmo tempo o tamanho e estágio larval com a sua localização anatômica. Oitenta e oito hemicabeças de Ovis aries mestiços Santa Inês com Dorper saudáveis foram utilizadas aleatoriamente. As larvas visualizadas foram então coletadas e fixadas para serem quantificadas e analisadas em relação ao seu tamanho e estágio de desenvolvimento. Conclui-se que a oestrose é um problema existente no município de Ituiutaba, sendo este o primeiro estudo completo sobre a prevalência deste parasito no estado de Minas Gerais. Por distribuição anatômica, apenas as diferenças das médias larvais totais entre o seio frontal e o meato nasal ventral, meato nasal comum e a nasofaringe foram significativas - o que confirma a preferência das larvas por essa região. Em tamanho, a diferença significativa só ocorreu mediante a comparação entre o tamanho e estágio das larvas, informação crucial para uma melhor compreensão da progressão cíclica, sintomatologia clínica e profilaxia dos animais.

Abstract Among the diseases which can afflict the nasal cavities of small ruminants, oestrosis stands out. In Brazil, more specifically in its South-East region, the reports are limited only to the State of São Paulo and to the municipality of Araxá, Minas Gerais. Therefore, it has been sought to assess the parasitic prevalence of Oestrus ovis in sheep farmed in the municipality of Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais-Brazil, while correlating the larval size and stage, and its anatomical localization. Eighty-eight hemiheads of healthy Santa Inês/Dorper crossbreds Ovis aries have been used at random. The larvae in view were then collected and fixated to be quantified and analyzed in regard of size and stage of development. It is concluded that the oestrosis is an existing problem in the municipality of Ituiutaba, this being the first complete study on the prevalence of this parasite in the State of Minas Gerais. By anatomical distribution, only the differences of total larval averages between the frontal sinus and the ventral nasal meatus, the common nasal meatus and the nasopharynx have been significant. In size, the significant difference has been there only upon comparison between the size and the larval stage, information that is crucial for a better understanding of the cyclic progression, of the clinical symptomatology, and animal prophylaxis.

Abstract Oral manifestations are common findings in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and frequently influence the overall health. Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is strongly associated with HIV infection demonstrating its relationship with the individual’s immune status and progression of immunosuppression. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate OHL in HIV patients, analyzing its incidence, demographic aspects and possible changes in clinical and epidemiological profile of the disease over 17 years. The records of 1600 HIV-infected patients were reviewed. The data were correlated and analyzed, considering HIV exposure category, age, gender, harmful habits, CD4 level, use and type of antiretroviral. OHL was observed in 215 (13.4%) patients. Most were men in the fourth decade of life, 171 (79.5%) and 112 (52,1%) respectively, but an increase in the incidence of OHL among female patients and those in the fifth decade of life was observed. Tobacco smoking was the most frequent harmful habit reported by 114 (68%) patients. OHL occurred mostly in patients with CD4 counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 35 (55.5%). The lower incidence of OHL was found among patients using at least one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). OHL is related to CD4 count, use of ARVT and tobacco smoking and is also more prevalent in men in the fourth decade of life. These characteristics were recognized in absolute values, but when verifying the behavior over the years we noticed that the incidence of OHL is decreasing and its epidemiological characteristics changing.

Este artigo apresenta um procedimento para estudo do comportamento mecânico de três solos oriundos da empresa CENIBRA S. A., localizada na cidade de Belo Oriente, Minas Gerais, Brasil, para fins de emprego em revestimento primário, reforço de subleito e sub-base de estradas florestais, classificados como argila amarela, argila vermelha e areia. Empregou-se, nesta investigação, a técnica de estabilização mecânica de solos com correção granulométrica. O programa de ensaios de laboratório englobou o uso de várias composições percentuais de solos, com base na mistura entre dois deles, de modo a obter um produto final eficiente para aplicações nas estradas florestais da CENIBRA S. A. Trabalhou-se com os percentuais de 60, 70 e 80% de areia e de 20, 30 e 40% das argilas nas composições das misturas, compactando estas na energia do ensaio Proctor Modificado. A melhor resposta mecânica foi obtida pela mistura de 80% de areia e 20% de argila amarela, com capacidade de carga representada pelo ISC de 63%.

This paper presents a procedure for studying the mechanical behavior of three soils from the cellulose company CENIBRA S. A. located in the city of Belo Oriente, the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, to be used as a surface course, sub-grade reinforcing layer and sub-base on forest roads. The mechanical stabilization technique named textural proportioning was used throughout the study. The laboratory testing program encompassed the use of different amounts of soils in order to determine the most efficient combination of two of them to be used in the CENIBRA S. A. forest road system. Soil mixtures were produced using sand contents of 60, 70 and 80% and clayey soils contents of 20, 30 and 40%. Soils and mixtures specimens were compacted at the modified Proctor compaction effort. The best mechanical response was associated to the 80% sand and 20% yellow clay mixture, which presented bearing capacity via ISC of 63%.