Resumen En la actualidad la calidad de los sistemas de software es crucial para que las empresas brinden servicios y productos de alta calidad. Sin embargo, un número importante de proyectos de software aún fallan. Para aumentar la probabilidad de éxito de los proyectos, es conveniente adoptar estándares de calidad de software que guíen el proceso. Sin embargo, los estándares se describen comúnmente por medio del lenguaje natural, lo que dificulta su análisis. Por ejemplo, no es fácil elegir el estándar más adecuado según las características de un proyecto. Además, el uso del lenguaje natural dificulta la detección automática de inconsistencias y ambigüedades. Por otro lado, las ontologías son una técnica de inteligencia artificial que se ha utilizado con éxito para representar y analizar el conocimiento en numerosos dominios debido a su capacidad para permitir la validación automática y la comprobación de la consistencia de la información representada. Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir una propuesta basada en ontologías para describir y analizar estándares de calidad del software. Dado que esta ontología puede representar el conocimiento de varios estándares, un razonador puede validar automáticamente la información e inferir nuevo conocimiento. Esta ontología podría apoyar en la reducción de la ambigüedad conceptual de las descripciones de estándares y mejorar su comprensión.

Abstract Nowadays, the quality of software systems is crucial for companies to provide high-quality services and products. However, a wide number of software projects still fail. To increase the success probability of projects, it is suitable to adopting software quality standards to guide the process. However, standards are commonly described by means of natural language making difficult its analysis. For example, it is not easy to choose the most suitable standard according to the characteristics of a project. Furthermore, the usage of natural language hinders the automatic detection of inconsistencies and ambiguities. On the other hand, ontologies are an artificial intelligence technique that has been successfully used to represent and analyze knowledge in numerous domains because its capacity to enable the automatic validation and consistency checking of the represented information. This paper aims to present an ontology-based approach to describe and analyze software quality standards. Since this ontology can represent the knowledge of several standards, a reasoner may automatically validate the information and infer new knowledge. This ontology might support the reduction of conceptual ambiguity of standards descriptions and improve its understanding.

The assessment of chlorine, fluorine, and sulfur concentrations in depth profile of drill cuttings was performed using ion chromatography after sample preparation by pyrohydrolysis. The parameters for pyrohydrolysis were optimized using a Box-Behnken design, and the established conditions were 300 mg of sample, 300 mg of V2O5, temperature of 1000 °C, reaction time of 25 min, and absorbing solution of 50 mmol L-1 NH3 + 150 mmol L-1 H2O2. The accuracy was evaluated by the analysis of certified reference materials and recovery tests, and the results showed a good agreement between determined and certified values and recoveries (89-108%). The precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 10%), and the limits of detection (0.5-2.5 mg kg 1) were suitable for drill cuttings analysis. The concentration of chlorine, fluorine, and sulfur in drill cuttings at different depths was at mg g-1 range, and its variation is related to the mineral composition of the samples.

SUMMARY We report a rare case of Cushing’s syndrome in a 37-year-old female who initially presented with localized acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. In January 2014, she underwent a right parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation and adjuvant radiotherapy. In August 2018, she presented a histologically-proven local regional relapse. The patient was considered for salvage surgery with facial nerve sacrifice and remained with no evidence of disease. One year later the patient developed pulmonary dissemination and started to gain weight and developed facial plethora and acne on the face and upper trunk. In a physical examination, the patient presented moon face, buffalo hump, acne and stage 2 hypertension. Biochemical evaluation confirmed ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome. IHC for ACTH in the lung biopsy revealed strong positive staining for ACTH confirming a diagnosis of ectopic ACTH secretion by a metastatic parotid acinic cell carcinoma. Ketoconazole (600 mg/d) was started to treat the CS. In addition, as chemotherapy was initiated to treat the metastatic disease. After the fifth cycle of chemotherapy, ketoconazole was suspended and the patient remained in remission of CS for four months, when CS recurred. A unique feature of this case is related to the clinical CS relapse associated with disease progression, which needed prompt treatment with ketoconazole, resulting in a significant improvement in the patient’s condition. Although rare, should be attentive for possible CS features in patients with high-grade salivary gland carcinomas, since the diagnosis of ectopic secretion of ACTH may significantly impact their management and outcomes.

Abstract The continental margin off the southeastern Brazilian coast is punctuated by a series of geological-geomorphological features, such as subsurface saline diapirs and pockmarks at the seafloor interface, which evidence the abundant presence of oil and gas in the region. In several of these sites, hydrocarbons can be naturally released into the water column, areas are cold seep areas. These are marked by the presence of oil- and gas-dependent ecosystems, where specific organisms are able to fix carbon from hydrocarbon chemosynthesis. In addition, light hydrocarbon fluid flow through the sediment may build up authigenic carbonates that can be further colonized by cold-water corals, generating large carbonate mounds over geological time, normally positioned at the border of these pockmark features. The present work reports on a multidisciplinary oceanographic cruise carried out in the Santos Basin, SW Atlantic, to seek, map, and collect geological, chemical, and biological data from different deep-sea habitats. The cruise occurred in November 2019 on the R/V Alpha Crucis of the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP). We intended to discover and detail different geomorphological features, characterize free-living and symbiotic microorganisms, determine the chemosynthetic rates in relation to heterotrophic microbial production, and characterize the fauna and study their ecological and evolutionary links within and across ocean basins. All discoveries made during the cruise and their respective results will be presented separately in several papers that comprise this special volume.

Abstract In this study, we assessed the effects of multiple land uses and local habitat variables on the composition of fish functional trophic groups (FTG’s) and on the ecomorphological traits of fish in Amazonian streams. We evaluated land use types and local habitat variables in 26 streams distributed within a land use gradient. Land use and habitat variables affected the composition of FTG’s, as evidenced by the increased abundance of diurnal channel drift feeders in areas with high dissolved oxygen and deeper thalweg. At the same time, diurnal surface pickers, as well as diggers, and ambush and stalker predators were more abundant in streams with higher canopy density. Only habitat variables affected the ecomorphological characteristics of the species. Fish with higher values of relative caudal peduncle length were positively associated with high canopy density, while fish with greater relative mouth width were negatively associated with the variables impact in the riparian zone and cover of fish shelter. The stream fish functional structure was mainly affected by the impacts caused to the local habitat resulting from different land uses. Thus, preserving forest remnants, as well as recovering degraded areas, is essential for the maintenance of aquatic biodiversity in the region.

Resumo Neste estudo, avaliamos os efeitos dos múltiplos usos da terra e de variáveis do habitat local sobre a composição de grupos tróficos funcionais (FTG’s), e nos traços ecomorfológicos, de peixes em riachos amazônicos. Analisamos os tipos de uso da terra e variáveis da estrutura do habitat local em 26 riachos distribuídos dentro de um gradiente de uso da terra. O uso da terra e as variáveis de habitat afetaram a composição de FTG’s, evidenciado pelo aumento na abundância de peixes diurnos que se alimentam de organismos em suspensão na água em áreas com maiores valores de oxigênio dissolvido e profundidade do talvegue. Ao passo que os peixes diurnos catadores de superfície, bem como os escavadores e predadores de emboscada foram mais abundantes em riachos com maior densidade florestal. Apenas as variáveis do habitat afetaram as características ecomorfológicas das espécies. Peixes com maiores valores de comprimento relativo do pedúnculo caudal foram associados positivamente com alta densidade do dossel, enquanto peixes que apresentam maior largura relativa da boca foram associados negativamente com as variáveis impacto na zona ripária e abrigo para peixes. A estrutura funcional da comunidade de peixes de riachos foi afetada principalmente pelos impactos causados ao habitat decorrentes de diferentes usos da terra. Portando, preservar os remanescentes florestais, bem como recuperar áreas já degradadas, é fundamental para a manutenção da biodiversidade aquática na região.

Abstract The water retention curve is widely used in studies involving soil. The management systems directly influence soil structure by altering water retention dynamics. Several equations are used to adjust the retention of water in the soil, but most of the time, the choice of these models occurs in an arbitrary way. From this problem, it was proposed with the present study to relate the best mathematical model to water retention, taking into account the different management systems adopted, based on previously established adjustment criteria. For the accomplishment the study, a soil of caulinitic mineralogy and average texture was utilized. The treatments were area under native Cerrado (Savanna), eucalyptus plantation with six and twelve years of cultivation, pasture with two and six years of cultivation, conventional plantation with two and eight years of cultivation, no-till with three and six years of cultivation. From the adjustment criteria for non-linear models, it was found that the management influences the choice of the water retention model. It is possible to observe that the greatest divergences between the models occurred close to the soil saturation zone, and that the Fredlung-Xing model is more efficient in adjusting the water retention curve under conservationist management systems.

ABSTRACT South Atlantic deep waters provide a huge diversity of habitats, with variations in areas such as geology, macrofauna, microbiology, physics, and chemistry. However, most of the data lacks central organization, important for subsequent deep-sea research, especially considering the multidisciplinary approaches and comparisons of the South Atlantic with other oceanic basins. Given the rising interest in commercial exploration off the deep-sea, especially with respect to hydrocarbon extraction and mining, there is an urgent need for a centralized repository of information with tools to collect and share geospatial data to support the conservation of this important oceanographic region. The main objective of this manuscript is to present an integrative database in WebGIS format for South Atlantic deep waters, open to further development in terms of data input, reliant on researcher collaboration, and with tools for ongoing maintenance and usability improvement driven by user feedback. The WebGIS format provides an open access, cost-free, feature-rich, and easy to use database through any Internet browser to reach the greatest number of researchers and students possible. The ABYSSAL database can be accessed at http://abyssal.io.usp.br. habitats geology macrofauna microbiology physics chemistry However organization deepsea sea research basins deepsea, sea, mining region input collaboration feedback access costfree, costfree cost free, free cost-free featurerich, featurerich feature rich, rich feature-rich possible http//abyssal.io.usp.br. httpabyssaliouspbr http //abyssal.io.usp.br. abyssal io usp br http://abyssal.io.usp.br http//abyssal.io.usp.br abyssaliouspbr //abyssal.io.usp.br

RESUMO A salinidade é um dos principais problemas enfrentados pela agricultura irrigada no semiárido, em função dos efeitos osmóticos e toxidade dos íons. Estes fatores refletem negativamente no crescimento e no desenvolvimento dos vegetais principalmente nas primeiras fases de seu desenvolvimento. O objetivo do presente estudo é verificar a qualidade da água no semiárido e seus efeitos nos atributos do solo e na cultura da Moringa oleifera Lam., por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. A qualidade da água interfere nos atributos químicos e físicos dos solos como também na muda e planta, decorrente do acumulo dos sais presente na solução, ocasionado o aumento da salinidade e sodicidade a níveis não tolerante a maioria das espécies cultivadas. Os estudos existentes apontam uma tolerância para um nível de salinidade de até 2 dS. m-1, para a cultura da Moringa oleifera Lam, acima disso existe uma diminuição do desenvolvimento e crescimento da planta. O uso de água salinas é mais tolerante para as culturas do que para os seres humanos, em virtude dos mecanismos de defesa ou separação dos componentes tóxicos do não tóxicos das plantas. Porém, nas duas situações o uso adequado passa pelo manejo apropriado que possa separar os sais presente na solução ou diminuir suas concentrações para níveis aceitáveis para a cultura, evitando assim, o empobrecimento do solo no tocante a disponibilidade de água e nutrientes para as plantas. Realizar mais pesquisas sobre o assunto é imprescindível, principalmente para regiões que a qualidade da água é afetada por razões climáticas como o semiárido, possibilitando e subsidiando o cultivo de espécies nesta região, que não possui o fornecimento de água com qualidade, melhorando a fixação e desenvolvimento econômico do homem na região.

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the main problems faced by irrigated agriculture in the semiarid region, due to the osmotic effects and ion toxicity. These factors reflect negatively on the growth and development of plants, especially in the early stages of their development. The objective of the present study is to verify the quality of the water in the semi-arid and its effects on the attributes of the soil and on the culture of Moringa oleifera Lam., Through a bibliographic review. The quality of the water interferes in the chemical and physical attributes of the soil as well as in the seedling and plant, due to the accumulation of salts present in the solution, causing the increase in salinity and sodicity at levels not tolerant to most of the cultivated species. Existing studies indicate a tolerance for a salinity level of up to 2 dS. m-1, for the culture of Moringa oleifera Lam, above that there is a decrease in the development and growth of the plant. The use of saline water is more tolerant for crops than for humans, due to the defense mechanisms or separation of toxic and non-toxic components of plants. However, in both situations, proper use involves appropriate management that can separate the salts present in the solution or decrease their concentrations to levels acceptable for the crop, thus avoiding soil depletion with regard to the availability of water and nutrients for the plants. Conducting more research on the subject is essential, especially for regions where water quality is affected by climatic reasons such as semi-arid, enabling and subsidizing the cultivation of species in this region, which does not have a quality water supply, improving fixation and economic development of man in the region.

The use of sorghum in human nutrition has been expanded due to its nutritional composition and its functional potential. Extrusion has been used to improve the quality of sorghum. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of extrusion in the nutritional composition, phenolic compounds content of two sorghum, and characterize the profile of chemical constituents by paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS). Extrusion increased the carbohydrate and fiber contents and reduced moisture, lipids and ashes, and enabling a higher degree of liberation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The fingerprint obtained in both ionization modes had been influenced by extrusion, allowing for a greater compounds’ identification on the extruded samples. The analysis of sorghum samples’ main components made distinguishing of the main constituents possible, as well as highlighted the extrusion effect and the influence of the genotypes. This study demonstrated that extrusion enabling a higher liberation of phenolic compounds, which were identified by the PS-MS technique.

RESUMO O Sistema de Drenagens do Norte do Pará abrange os afluentes da margem esquerda do Rio Amazonas, na região sul do Escudo das Guianas no estado do Pará, Brasil. Cinco das áreas estaduais protegidas da região são consideradas estratégicas para a conservação da biodiversidade. No presente estudo, nós acessamos a ictiofauna das cinco áreas de proteção estadual do Sistema de Drenagens do Norte do Pará. Sete expedições foram realizadas entre os meses de janeiro de 2008 e janeiro de 2009, amostrando trechos das bacias dos rios Cuminá, Cuminapanema, Curuá, Jari, Mapuera, Nhamundá e Paru. As expedições resultaram em 286 espécies pertencentes a 38 famílias e oito ordens, incluindo sete novos registros de peixes para o Brasil, seis deles também representando novos registros para a bacia Amazônica. Nossos resultados fornecem uma base sólida para futuros programas de pesquisa e conservação nas áreas de proteção da região.

ABSTRACT The Northern Pará Drainage System encompasses the left-bank tributaries of the Amazonas River in the southern Guiana Shield region of Pará state, Brazil. Five of the region’s state protected areas are considered strategic for the conservation of its biodiversity. In the present study, we assessed the ichthyofauna of the five state protected areas of the Northern Pará Drainage System. Seven expeditions were conducted between January 2008 and January 2009, which surveyed stretches of the Cuminá, Cuminapanema, Curuá, Jari, Mapuera, Nhamundá, and Paru rivers. These surveys yielded 286 species belonging to 38 families and eight orders, including seven new records of fish species for Brazil, six of which are also new records for the Amazon basin. Our results provide a valuable database for future research and conservation programs in the protected areas of the region.

Abstract RNA editing is a posttranscriptional process that changes nucleotide sequences, among which cytosine-to-uracil by a deamination reaction can revert non-neutral codon mutations. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins comprise a family of RNA-binding proteins, with members acting as editing trans-factors that recognize specific RNA cis-elements and perform the deamination reaction. PPR proteins are classified into P and PLS subfamilies. In this work, we have designed RNA biotinylated probes based in soybean plastid RNA editing sites to perform trans-factor specific protein isolation. Soybean cis-elements from these three different RNA probes show differences in respect to other species. Pulldown samples were submitted to mass spectrometry for protein identification. Among detected proteins, five corresponded to PPR proteins. More than one PPR protein, with distinct functional domains, was pulled down with each one of the RNA probes. Comparison of the soybean PPR proteins to Arabidopsis allowed identification of the closest homologous. Differential gene expression analysis demonstrated that the PPR locus Glyma.02G174500 doubled its expression under salt stress, which correlates with the increase of its potential rps14 editing. The present study represents the first identification of RNA editing trans-factors in soybean. Data also indicated that potential multiple trans-factors should interact with RNA cis-elements to perform the RNA editing.

The structures of two methoxylated chalcones, namely (E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and (E)-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, reveal the effect of the inclusion of the methoxyl and ethoxyl substituents of the conformation on methoxy-chalcone. Structural comparative study between two chalcones was done in this work and some effects on geometric parameters, such as planarity and dihedral angles, were described. In addition, intermolecular interactions responsible for crystalline packaging were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces and the values of those interactions were analysed by comparing experimental and theoretical models. The molecular stability was expressed in terms of softness and hardness, both obtained from frontier molecular orbitals. Finally, there is a good agreement between calculated and experimental infrared spectrum, which allowed the assignment of the normal vibrational modes.

ABSTRACT The use of PSA in the screening, detection and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder with an increase in detection rates and PCa organ-confined. Despite these benefits and ease of implementation, tracking PCa remains a matter of great controversy. We conducted a literature review and demographic and epidemiological data in Brazil feeling to assess the current state of screening and whether there is justification for population programs. the differences are valued between developed and underdeveloped countries as the incidence, mortality, screening and access to health. an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of screening is made as well as a critical analysis of existing studies on screening and some recommendations on a rational screening.

ABSTRACT Validate the EORTC risk tables in Brazilian patients with NMIBC. Methods: 205 patients were analyzed. The 6 parameters analyzed were: histologic grading, pathologic stage, size and number of tumors, previous recurrence rate and concomitant CIS. The time for first recurrence (TFR), risk score and probability of recurrence were calculated and compared to the probabilities obtained from EORTC risk tables. C-index was calculated and accuracy of EORTC tables was analyzed. Results: pTa was presented in 91 (44.4%) patients and pT1 in 114 (55.6%). Ninety-seven (47.3%) patients had solitary tumor, and 108 (52.7%) multiple tumors. One hundred and three (50.2%) patients had tumors smaller than 3 cm and 102 (40.8%) had bigger than 3 cm. Concomitant CIS was observed in 21 (10.2%) patients. Low grade was presented in 95 (46.3%) patients, and high grade in 110 (53.7%). Intravesical therapy was utilized in 105 (56.1%) patients. Recurrence was observed in 117 (57.1%) patients and the mean TFR was 14,2 ± 7,3 months. C-index was 0,72 for 1 year and 0,7 for 5 years. The recurrence risk was 28,8% in 1 year and 57,1% in 5 years, independently of the scoring risk. In our population, the EORTC risk tables overestimated the risk of recurrence in 1 year and underestimated in 5 years. Conclusion: The validation of the EORTC risk tables in Brazilian patients with NMIBC was satisfactory and should be stimulated to predict recurrence, although these may overestimated the risk of recurrence in 1 year and underestimated in 5 years.

Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with elevated levels of anxiety and depression and a reduction in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Nonadherence to treatment is also frequent in IBD and compromises outcomes. Religious coping plays a role in the adaptation to several chronic diseases. However, the influence of religious coping on IBD-related psychological distress, HRQoL, and treatment adherence remains unknown. Method: This cross-sectional study recruited 147 consecutive patients with either Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Sociodemographic data, disease-related variables, psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), religious coping (Brief RCOPE Scale), HRQoL (WHOQOL-Bref), and adherence (8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression models were used to evaluate the effects of religious coping on IBD-related psychological distress, treatment adherence, and HRQoL. Results: Positive RCOPE was negatively associated with anxiety (b = 0.256; p = 0.007) as well as with overall, physical, and mental health HRQoL. Religious struggle was significantly associated with depression (b = 0.307; p < 0.001) and self-reported adherence (b = 0.258; p = 0.009). Finally, anxiety symptoms fully mediated the effect of positive religious coping on overall HRQoL. Conclusion: Religious coping is significantly associated with psychological distress, HRQoL, and adherence in IBD.