RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al dengue con signos de alarma en la población asegurada del departamento de La Libertad durante el año 2023. Materiales y métodos: El estudio es descriptivo de corte transversal. La población estuvo constituida por el universo de pacientes con dengue con signos de alarma, es decir, 252; la muestra fue de 249 casos desde el mes de enero al mes de junio de 2023. La variable dependiente fue dengue con signos de alarma; las variables independientes fueron edad, incluidas las etapas de vida, sexo, antecedente de dengue y las comorbilidades de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, obesidad, asma, cáncer (leucemia linfoblástica aguda y crónica, cáncer de próstata, cáncer de mama, cáncer de estómago, cáncer rectal y linfoma no Hodgkin), enfermedad renal crónica e infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). El análisis bivariado consistió en calcular las frecuencias absolutas y relativas; el análisis multivariado se centró en aplicar regresión logística binomial para identificar las variables asociadas al dengue con signos de alarma. La investigación contó con la aprobación del Comité de Investigación y Ética de la Red Asistencial La Libertad. Resultados: Los casos de dengue con signos de alarma fueron ligeramente mayores en las mujeres (55,42 %); el odds ratio de la regresión logística binomial fue significativo para hipertensión arterial, obesidad y cáncer, mas no para la edad, el sexo, el antecedente de dengue, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, el asma, la enfermedad renal crónica y la infección por el VIH. Conclusiones: Los factores que estuvieron asociados a dengue con signos de alarma fueron las comorbilidades de hipertensión arterial, obesidad y cáncer; la edad, el sexo, el antecedente de dengue, el asma, la enfermedad renal crónica y la infección por VIH no se identificaron como factores de dengue con esta severidad.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the factors associated with dengue with warning signs among the insured population of the department of La Libertad in 2023. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study analyzed a population comprising the entire universe of dengue patients with warning signs (n = 252). The sample consisted of 249 cases recorded from January to June 2023. The dependent variable was dengue with warning signs, while the independent variables were age (categorized by life stages), sex, history of dengue and comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, asthma, cancer (acute and chronic lymphoblastic leukemia, prostate cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, rectal cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma), chronic kidney disease and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The bivariate analysis involved calculating absolute and relative frequencies, while the multivariate analysis employed binomial logistic regression to identify variables associated with dengue with warning signs. The research received approval by the Research and Ethics Committee of Red Asistencial La Libertad (La Libertad Healthcare Network). Results: Dengue with warning signs was slightly more prevalent among women (55.42 %). In the binomial logistic regression, the odds ratio (OR) revealed that hypertension, obesity and cancer were significantly associated with dengue with warning signs, while age, sex, history of dengue, type 2 diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic kidney disease and HIV infection were not statistically significant factors. Conclusions: The factors associated with dengue with warning signs were comorbidities including hypertension, obesity and cancer. Factors such as age, sex, history of dengue, asthma, chronic kidney disease and HIV infection were not identified as significant contributors to this severity level of dengue.

ABSTRACT Identifying socioemotional skills is challenging in the educational process. These skills are expressed as special educational needs in students with talented potentialities, enabling them to receive adequate educational attention, as they impact human health and well-being. The socioemotional skills that limit educational attention of junior high school students with such potentialities were identified. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between 2022 and 2024 to identify problems in the acquisition of these skills. The study was supported by a specialist from the University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara and its achievement was made by provincial methodologists from basic secondary school of the province itself. Theoretical methods (analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive); empirical methods (document analysis and a survey for self-perception of socioemotional skills) as well as mathematical-statistical methods were used to interpret the resulting information. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design study with a non-equivalent control group was used.

RESUMEN En el proceso educativo constituye una problemática identificar las habilidades socioemocionales. Estas son expresadas como necesidades educativas especiales en los educandos con potencialidades talentosas, para una adecuada atención educativa al influir en la salud y el bienestar humano. Se identificaron las habilidades socioemocionales que limitan la atención educativa de los educandos de secundaria básica con dichas potencialidades. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva transversal de 2022-2024 para identificar problemáticas en la apropiación de dichas habilidades. Se contó con el apoyo de un especialista de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara y su consecución por los metodólogos provinciales de secundaria básica de la propia provincia. Se emplearon como métodos teóricos (análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo); empíricos (análisis de documentos y encuesta para la autopercepción de las habilidades socioemocionales); y matemático-estadísticos para la interpretación de la información resultante. Respecto a la metodología se realizó un diseño cuasiexperimental pretest-postest, con grupo de control no equivalente.

Abstract Brazil has recently released a list of prioritized strategic materials addressing issues related to trade balance, supply, and technology development. In this context, it is possible to associate waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) as an important secondary source for several types of materials. The composition of these wastes is extremely complex and includes many materials from the Brazilian list. The objective of this study is to characterize some types of WEEE to assess the presence and quantities of these materials, thus promoting their recycling. High concentrations of strategic materials such as Al, Cu, Ni, Li, Co, Si, Au, and rare earth elements have been identified in printed circuit boards, batteries, LEDs, and solar panels. It can be inferred that WEEE is an important source of raw materials, and the consolidation of a national recycling system is essential to promote a circular economy and national sovereignty.

Resumo O Brasil lançou recentemente uma lista de materiais estratégicos prioritários, que aborda questões estratégicas de balança comercial, suprimento e desenvolvimento de tecnologia. Neste contexto, é possível associar os Resíduos de Equipamentos Elétricos e Eletrônicos (REEE) como uma importante fonte secundária para diversos tipos de materiais. A composição destes resíduos é extremamente complexa, incluindo muitos materiais da lista brasileira. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar alguns tipos de REEE a fim de verificar a presença e quantidades desses materiais, e fomentar, desse modo a sua reciclagem. Foram identificados, nas placas de circuito impresso, baterias, LED e painéis solares altas concentrações de materiais estratégicos como Al, Cu, Ni, Li, Co, Si, Au e Terras raras. Conclui-se que os REEE são fontes importantes de matéria- prima e que a consolidação de um sistema nacional de reciclagem é essencial para fomentar a economia circular e a soberania nacional.

Resumen Brasil ha lanzado recientemente una lista de materiales estratégicos prioritarios que aborda cuestiones estratégicas de la balanza comercial, suministro y desarrollo tecnológico. En este contexto, es posible asociar los Residuos de Equipos Eléctricos y Electrónicos (REEE) como una fuente secundaria importante para diversos tipos de materiales. La composición de estos residuos es extremadamente compleja, incluyendo muchos materiales de la lista brasileña. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar algunos tipos de REEE para verificar la presencia y cantidades de estos materiales, fomentando así su reciclaje. Se identificaron en placas de circuito impreso, baterías, LED y paneles solares altas concentraciones de materiales estratégicos como Al, Cu, Ni, Li, Co, Si, Au y Tierras Raras. Se concluye que los REEE son fuentes importantes de materia prima y que la consolidación de un sistema nacional de reciclaje es esencial para fomentar la economía circular y la soberanía nacional.

In recent years, the field of coordination chemistry has experienced a surge in interest regarding the synthesis and characterization of coordination complexes for diverse applications. This study is dedicated to investigating coordination compounds resulting from the interaction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with metal ions. The study research places significant emphasis on understanding the stability and thermal behavior of these coordination compounds. The utilization of thermoanalytical techniques is crucial in achieving this goal. Thermal analysis and thermokinetics provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms, kinetics, and energetics of these reactions, thereby facilitating the optimization of synthesis procedures. The research employs concurrent techniques, namely thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to explore the thermal stability and decomposition pathways of these coordination compounds. Thermokinetic models and optimization methodologies are subsequently applied to identify key reaction parameters. The primary aim of this research is to unveil the thermal behavior, stability, and reaction kinetics of aceclofenac coordination compounds, thus contributing significantly to the understanding of thermokinetics and thermal analysis in the domain of coordination chemistry. Specifically, this study is focused on aceclofenac coordination complexes involving lanthanum and gadolinium, with the ultimate goal of advancing the field of coordination chemistry.

ABSTRACT ‘BRS Vitória’ is the leading seedless table grape cultivar in tropical regions of Brazil, but there is a lack of information regarding suitable rootstocks for subtropical cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and nutrient cycling of ‘BRS Vitória’ grapevines grafted onto rootstocks ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, and ‘1103P’ under subtropical climate conditions. Crop yield, nutrient content, and weight of shoots and bunches were assessed over two growing seasons, along with nutrient removal via pruning and harvest and nutrient utilization efficiency. The ‘IAC 572’ rootstock promoted greater shoot biomass accumulation and crop yield compared to ‘IAC 766’ and ‘1103P’. Both nutrient content and nutrient accumulation were also higher in grapevines grafted onto the ‘IAC 572’ rootstock. Nevertheless, the amount of nutrients transported to the bunch was comparatively lower than in ‘IAC 766’ and ‘1103P’. Given its superior productivity, nutrient accumulation capacity, and nutrient utilization efficiency, the ‘IAC 572’ rootstock is more suitable for ‘BRS Vitória’ grapevines in subtropical regions.

Abstract Recycling LFP-type lithium-ion batteries is essential for recovering valuable metals such as lithium. The efficient extraction of this material contributes not only to the conservation of limited natural resources, but also to reducing dependence on mining. In addition, proper recycling minimizes the risks of releasing toxic substances into the environment, promoting more sustainable practices in the automotive industry. Exploring advanced recycling technologies is crucial to optimizing the process and increasing efficiency in material recovery. Methods such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy have the potential to obtain high yields in the recovery of precious metals, contributing to the economic viability of recycling automotive batteries. In this study, the effect of a hydrometallurgical process on the recovery of lithium salts from spent LiFePO4 batteries was studied, using an aqueous solution of nitric acid as the medium. Around 99.23% of Fe and 84.18% of Li were recovered as FeOH and Li3PO4. According to the proposed mechanism, the LiFePO4 cathode powder was more easily destroyed and transformed into disordered states at concentrations with a 10% stoichiometric excess, leading to a significant increase in leaching and efficiency in lithium concentration.

Resumo A análise das versões inicial e final de A Fundação de Santiago, realizadas por Pedro Lira Rencoret no final do século XIX, pode resultar esclarecedora para aproximar-se das origens da construção de um imaginário nacional da paisagem no Chile. A obra, que representa o ato fundacional da cidade de Santiago, apresenta-se em dois momentos: uma versão de estudo e, posteriormente, uma versão definitiva, constituindo interpretações notavelmente A representação paisagística no Chile alcançou seu máximo desenvolvimento durante o século XIX, período em que o gênero da paisagem se consolidou como uma ferramenta fundamental na construção das identidades nacionais latino-americanas. Neste contexto, a obra de Lira adquire especial relevância ao apresentar duas visões contrastantes do mesmo território: a versão de estudo, que se aproxima de uma representação mais fidedigna do vale do Mapocho durante a conquista, e a versão final, que constrói uma imagem idealizada que responde às aspirações da nação chilena decimonônica. A presente investigação propõe uma análise comparativa detalhada de ambas as versões, decompondo seus elementos paisagísticos para examinar a construção de dois relatos distintos que influenciaram a forma de conceber culturalmente o território e a identidade chilenos. O estudo sugere que as diferenças entre ambas as versões revelam as tensões e aspirações presentes na construção da identidade nacional chilena do século XIX. Este exercício analítico convida a uma reflexão mais profunda sobre o processo de decolonização da paisagem original, examinando como as representações pictóricas não apenas documentam um momento histórico, mas também participam ativamente na construção de imaginários nacionais e culturais.

Abstract The analysis of the initial and final versions of The Foundation of Santiago, created by Pedro Lira Rencoret at the end of the 19th century, may prove illuminating for approaching the origins of the construction of a national landscape imaginary in Chile. The work, which represents the foundational act of the city of Santiago, is presented in two moments: a study version and, subsequently, a definitive version, constituting notably different interpretations of the same historical event. Landscape representation in Chile reached its maximum development during the 19th century, a period when the landscape genre was consolidated as a fundamental tool in the construction of Latin American national identities. In this context, Lira's work acquires special relevance by presenting two contrasting visions of the same territory: the study version, which approaches a more faithful representation of the Mapocho valley during the conquest, and the final version, which constructs an idealized image that responds to the aspirations of the 19th-century Chilean nation. The present research proposes a detailed comparative analysis of both versions, decomposing their landscape elements to examine the construction of two distinct narratives that have influenced the way of culturally conceiving Chilean territory and identity. The study suggests that the differences between both versions reveal the tensions and aspirations present in the construction of 19th-century Chilean national identity. This analytical exercise invites deeper reflection on the process of decolonization of the original landscape, examining how pictorial representations not only document a historical moment but also actively participate in the construction of national and cultural imaginaries.

Resumen El análisis de las versiones inicial y final de La Fundación de Santiago, realizadas por Pedro Lira Rencoret a fines del siglo XIX, puede resultar esclarecedor para aproximarse a los orígenes de la construcción de un imaginario nacional del paisaje en Chile. La obra, que representa el acto fundacional de la ciudad de Santiago, se presenta en dos momentos: una versión de estudio y, posteriormente, una versión definitiva, constituyendo interpretaciones notablemente distintas del mismo acontecimiento histórico. La representación paisajística en Chile alcanzó su máximo desarrollo durante el siglo XIX, período en que el género del paisaje se consolidó como una herramienta fundamental en la construcción de las identidades nacionales latinoamericanas. En este contexto, la obra de Lira adquiere especial relevancia al presentar dos visiones contrastantes del mismo territorio: la versión de estudio, que se acerca a una representación más fidedigna del valle del Mapocho durante la conquista, y la versión final, que construye una imagen idealizada que responde a las aspiraciones de la nación chilena decimonónica. La presente investigación propone un análisis comparativo detallado de ambas versiones, descomponiendo sus elementos paisajísticos para examinar la construcción de dos relatos distintos que han influido en la forma de concebir culturalmente el territorio y la identidad chilenos. El estudio plantea que las diferencias entre ambas versiones revelan las tensiones y aspiraciones presentes en la construcción de la identidad nacional chilena del siglo XIX. Este ejercicio analítico invita a una reflexión más profunda sobre el proceso de decolonización del paisaje original, examinando cómo las representaciones pictóricas no solo documentan un momento histórico, sino que también participan activamente en la construcción de imaginarios nacionales y culturales.

RESUMEN Introducción: la neurofobia, definida como el miedo o rechazo hacia la neurología por su complejidad percibida, representa un desafío en la formación médica. Este estudio analiza la prevalencia y los factores asociados con la neurofobia en estudiantes de medicina en Paraguay. Objetivo: explorar las percepciones, actitudes y factores relacionados con la neurofobia en estudiantes de medicina, con el fin de identificar estrategias educativas que mejoren la enseñanza de la neurología. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con una muestra de 413 estudiantes de medicina de diversas universidades paraguayas. Se recolectaron datos sobre características sociodemográficas, experiencias previas en neurología y percepción de conocimientos mediante un cuestionario validado. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: el 41,6 % de los estudiantes indicó baja probabilidad de elegir neurología como especialidad, mientras que el 33,9 % reportó niveles intermedios de miedo hacia esta disciplina. Las principales causas de neurofobia fueron la enseñanza teórica (32,9 %) y la dificultad percibida en neuroanatomía (35,8 %). Además, el 69,2 % consideró insuficiente la enseñanza en neurología, y el 81,1 % reportó falta de actividades extracurriculares. Conclusiones: los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de un currículo más práctico e interactivo, con énfasis en simulaciones clínicas y actividades extracurriculares que promuevan el interés y la confianza en neurología. Estos cambios podrían mitigar la neurofobia y fomentar el desarrollo profesional en esta especialidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: neurophobia, defined as the fear or aversion to neurology due to its perceived complexity, poses a challenge in medical education. This study examines the prevalence and associated factors of neurophobia among medical students in Paraguay. Objective: to explore perceptions, attitudes, and factors associated with neurophobia among medical students and identify educational strategies to enhance neurology teaching. Methods: this was an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 413 medical students from various Paraguayan universities. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, prior experiences in neurology, and knowledge perceptions were collected using a validated questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. Results: a total of 41.6 % of students reported a low likelihood of choosing neurology as a specialty, while 33.9 % expressed intermediate levels of fear toward this discipline. The main causes of neurophobia were theoretical teaching approaches (32.9 %) and the perceived difficulty of neuroanatomy (35.8 %). Additionally, 69.2 % considered neurology teaching to be insufficient, and 81.1 % reported a lack of extracurricular activities related to neurology. Conclusions: the findings highlight the need for a more practical and interactive curriculum, emphasizing clinical simulations and extracurricular activities to foster interest and confidence in neurology. These changes could mitigate neurophobia and encourage professional development in this specialty.

Resumen Objetivo: Abordar la pregunta sobre el estado del arte de la investigación científica sobre la gestión del conocimiento y el capital intelectual en la educación superior desde 1999 hasta 2023. Metodología: Este abordaje sistemático implicó el análisis bibliométrico de la producción académica y un análisis herme-néutico sobre las diferentes definiciones trabajadas por parte de los autores a partir de 202 documentos publicados en Scopus. Estos permiten explicar los avances de la gestión del conocimiento a partir del capital intelectual desde tres enfoques: financiero-administrativo, estratégico-corporativo y social-evolutivo. Resultados principales: Se propone el concepto del capital intelectual en la educación como la conexión de las instituciones con los grupos de interés, que permite la generación, transferencia, renovación y protección del conocimiento desde un enfoque de inteligencia colectiva, que aporta al aprendizaje, la innovación, la especialización y la generación de valor en las instituciones y la sociedad desde la gestión, la medición y el reporte de los tipos de capital que funcionan de manera armonizada, dinámica y evolutiva con resultados medibles y transferibles.

Abstract Objective: To address the question of the state of the art of scientific research on knowledge management and intellectual capital in higher education from 1999 to 2023. Methodology: This systematic approach implied the bibliometric analysis of the academic production and a hermeneutic analysis of the different definitions of the concepts worked by the authors in 202 documents published in Scopus, which allowed explaining the advances in knowledge management, based on intellectual capital from three approaches: financial-administrative, strategic-corporate, and social-evolutionary. Key findings: The concept of intellectual capital in education is proposed, which implies the connection of institutions with stakeholders, allowing the generation, transfer, renewal, and protection of knowledge from a collective intelligence approach, which contributes to learning, innovation, specialization and the generation of value in institutions and society from the management, measurement, and reporting of the types of capital that work in a harmonized, dynamic, and evolutionary way, with measurable and transferable results.

Resumo Objetivo: Abordar a questão do estado da arte da pesquisa científica sobre gestão do conhecimento e capital intelectual no ensino superior para os anos de 1999 a 2023. Metodologia: Essa abordagem sistemática envolveu uma análise bibliométrica da produção acadêmica e uma análise hermenêutica das diferentes definições utilizadas pelos autores, com base em 202 documentos publicados na Scopus que explicam os avanços na gestão do conhecimento com base no capital intelectual a partir de três abordagens: financeiro-administrativa, estratégico-corporativa e socioevolutiva. Principais resultados: Propõe-se o conceito de capital intelectual na educação que implica a conexão das instituições com as partes interessadas, possibilitando a geração, a transferência, a renovação e a proteção do conhecimento a partir de uma abordagem de inteligência coletiva, que contribui para o aprendizado, a inovação, a especialização e a geração de valor nas instituições e na sociedade, a partir da gestão, da medição e do relatório dos tipos de capital que funcionam de forma harmonizada, dinâmica e evolutiva, com resultados mensuráveis e transferíveis.

Resumen Introducción. Estudios de defoliación en caña de azúcar en México son escasos, se desconoce a qué edad de la planta y en qué época del año se deben realizar. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la defoliación artificial en caña de azúcar en diferentes etapas de cultivo y su respuesta sobre parámetros de calidad y rendimiento. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se llevó a cabo en la zafra 2020-2021 entre los meses de abril y mayo, en una parcela ubicada en una soca del cultivar COLPOSCTMEX 06-039, dentro de la zona de abastecimiento del Ingenio Presidente Benito Juárez de la Chontalpa, Tabasco. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar, donde los tratamientos de defoliación consistieron en eliminar las hojas completas del tallo hasta dejar la hoja +5 (H5). Los tratamientos de defoliación se aplicaron a los 8, 9 y 10 meses de edad del cultivo, más un testigo sin defoliación, con cinco repeticiones por tratamiento. Los parámetros de crecimiento evaluados fueron altura y diámetro de planta, número de tallos e índices de área foliar (IAF) y de vegetación de las diferencias normalizada (NDVI). Al momento de la cosecha se midieron los °Brix y los rendimientos agrícolas de la caña de azúcar. Resultados. Se encontró que los parámetros de crecimiento y calidad fueron disminuidos por los tratamientos de defoliación total. El tratamiento 2 mostró los mayores valores de altura y diámetro de planta, menor NDVI y rendimiento de tallos al momento de la cosecha y la defoliación afectó el IAF. Los °Brix no se vieron afectados por los diferentes tratamientos de defoliación. Conclusión. La defoliación a los nueve meses de edad aumentó el rendimiento agrícola y no afectó la calidad de los jugos.

Abstract Introduction. Defoliation studies on sugarcane in Mexico are scarce, and it is unknown at what age of the plant and in which season of the year it should be carried out. Objective. To evaluate the effect of artificial defoliation in sugarcane at different stages of growth and its response on quality and yield parameters. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted during the 2020-2021 harvest between the months of April and May, in a plot located in a ratoon of the cultivar COLPOSCTMEX 06-039, within the supply area of the Ingenio Presidente Benito Juárez in the Chontalpa region, Tabasco. A completely randomized block design was used, where the defoliation treatments consisted of removing the entire leaves of the stem until leaving the +5 leaf (H5). Defoliation treatments were applied at 8, 9, and 10 months of crop age, plus a control without defoliation, with five replicates per treatment. Growth parameters evaluated were plant height and diameter, number of stalks, and leaf area index (IAF) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). At harvest, °Brix and sugarcane yields of sugarcane were measured. Results. It was found that growth and quality parameters were reduced by total defoliation treatments. Treatment 2 showed the highest values of plant height and diameter, lower NDVI, and stalk yield at harvest, and defoliation affected the IAF. °Brix were not affected by different defoliation treatments. Conclusion. Defoliation at nine months of age increased agricultural yield and did not affect juice quality.

Resumo: Embora a digitalização possa tornar o setor da saúde mais rápido e eficiente, existem muitos obstáculos e barreiras financeiras, sociais e organizacionais à sua implementação. Este artigo oferece uma revisão sistemática, com o método PRISMA, dos principais problemas detectados a partir da revisão da literatura científica. Também são propostos novos tipos de restrições e preconceitos aos quais devemos prestar atenção. Por fim, oferece-se uma leitura heterodoxa do problema analisado para melhorar sua gestão e narrativa.

Abstract: While digitization can make the health sector faster and more efficient, there are many financial, social and organizational obstacles and barriers to its implementation. This article offers a systematic review, with PRISMA method, of the main troubles detected from the scientific literature review. Also there is a proposal of new kind of restrictions and biases to pay attention. Finally, its offer a heterodox reading about the problem analyzed to improve its management and narrative.

Resumen: Si bien la digitalización puede hacer que el sector de la salud sea más rápido y eficiente, existen muchos obstáculos y barreras financieras, sociales y organizacionales para su implementación. Este artículo ofrece una revisión sistemática, con el método PRISMA, de los principales problemas detectados a partir de la revisión de la literatura científica. También se proponen nuevos tipos de restricciones y sesgos a los que prestar atención. Finalmente, se ofrece una lectura heterodoxa sobre el problema analizado para mejorar su gestión y narrativa.

Resumen Las crisis en la escuela son situaciones de dentro o fuera de la institución que representan un riesgo para la comunidad escolar. La investigación al respecto ha crecido significativamente en los últimos años. Este trabajo identifica las temáticas, enfoques y hallazgos a este respecto. A partir de la metodología PRISMA, se localizaron 584 artículos de los que, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión, quedaron 20 de revistas de alto impacto. Los resultados evidencian que los docentes son los sujetos primarios de investigación en este tema y que el contexto determina las tendencias en el estudio de las crisis. Estados Unidos, el país con mayor producción en el tema, presenta un amplio panorama de lo que se considera crisis, a diferencia de otros que se enfocan al potencial daño físico. Finalmente, la mayoría de los estudios son de opinión, por lo que la investigación debe trascender a la toma de decisiones y conductas exhibidas por los actores escolares para afrontar las crisis.

Abstract School crises are situations either inside or outside the facility that threaten the school community. Research in this field has increased significantly in the last few years. The importance of this research lies in the need for school staff to be prepared to respond promptly. This paper identifies the issues, approaches, and findings in this regard. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, 584 articles were located, and after applying the inclusion criteria, 20 papers from high-impact journals remained. The results evidence that teachers are the primary subjects of research on this topic and that the context determines the trends in the study of crisis. The United States of America, the country with the largest production on the subject, presents a broad overview of what is considered a crisis, unlike other countries that focus on potential physical harm. Finally, most of the studies are opinion studies; therefore, the research should transcend the decisionmaking and behaviors exhibited by school actors to face these crises.

Resumen. Los tambores y roncadores (Sciaenidae) son parte importante de la composición específica de las capturas costeras en el Golfo de California, México. Dentro de este grupo de especies, la curvina rayada (Cynoscion reticulatus) destaca por su alto potencial pesquero, gran demanda y debido a que ha incrementado su valor de mercado. La curvina rayada ha estado bajo constante presión pesquera durante los últimos 20 años. Sin embargo, se necesita contar con información biológica actual o puntos de referencia que permitan establecer medidas de manejo pesquero. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la longitud estándar media de madurez sexual (LE 50 ) utilizando varios modelos para sugerir una talla mínima de captura (TMC) de C. reticulatus en la costa sur de Sinaloa. Para esto, se realizaron muestreos mensuales en las descargas de la flota costera desde diciembre de 2020 hasta diciembre de 2021 en la costa sur de Sinaloa. La LE 50 se evaluó con base en 3 modelos candidatos (Gompertz, Lysack y White) a través de un enfoque binomial. Los intervalos de confianza para la LE 50 se estimaron utilizando perfiles y contornos de verosimilitud, y se utilizó el criterio de información de Akaike (CIA) para seleccionar el mejor modelo. Se examinaron un total de 284 individuos, de los cuales 131 se utilizaron en el análisis. El modelo de White fue el más adecuado; sin embargo, con base en los pesos de CIA, los 3 modelos mostraron un rendimiento similar, por lo que la LE50 (24.48 cm; IC 95% 12.9-36.0 cm) se estimó como el promedio de estos. Por último, como medida de manejo, proponemos una TMC bajo un enfoque precautorio de 36 cm LE para C. reticulatus en la costa sur de Sinaloa.

Abstract. Drums and croakers (Sciaenidae) are important to the species composition of coastal catches in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Among these species, the striped corvina (Cynoscion reticulatus) stands out because of its high fishery potential, high demand, and increased market value. The striped croaker has been under constant fishing pressure over the past 20 years. Still, there needs to be current biological information or reference points to allow the establishment of management measures for fisheries. The objective of the present study was to estimate the mean standard length at sexual maturity (SL 50 ) of females using various models and to suggest a minimum catch size (MCS) for C. reticulatus off the southern coast of Sinaloa. Monthly samplings of coastal fishery landings were done from December 2020 to December 2021 on the south coast of Sinaloa. The SL 50 was evaluated based on 3 candidate models (Gompertz, Lysack, and White) through a binomial approach. Confidence intervals for SL 50 were estimated using likelihood profiles and contours, and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) was used to select the best model. A total of 284 individuals were examined, of which 131 were used in calculations. White’s model was the most adequate; however, based on AIC weights, all 3 models performed similarly, and SL 50 (24.48 cm; C.I. 95% 12.9-70 36.0 cm) was estimated as their average. As a management measure, we propose a precautionary MCS of 36 cm SL for C. reticulatus off southern Sinaloa.

Abstract: The biography of a family is a modern novel subgenre scarcely recognized by scholars, despite being behind classics such as Dickens, Balzac or Turgenev. Current successes by Landero, Longares and María Dueñas confirm it as a priority option in the contemporary novel. Thanks to Bakhtin and his followers, we know that it symbolizes a key episode of Modernity, confronting tradition and freedom: the polemical process of the construction of the individual, enveloped by the family, the nation or the school. Its constructive key, a synthesis of biography, customs, history and education, must be used to understand its spectacular leap to the screen, where it has given rise to the “biographical-family film”. We aim to theoretically justify its existence, shed light on its transfer to the cinema, describe its profiles and exemplify them with films of contrasted relevance.

Resumen: El biográfico-familiar es un subgénero novelesco escasamente reconocido por los estudiosos, pese a estar tras clásicos de Dickens, Balzac o Turguénev. Éxitos actuales de Landero, Longares o María Dueñas lo confirman como una opción prioritaria de la novela contemporánea. Gracias a Bajtín y a sus seguidores, sabemos que simboliza un episodio clave de la Modernidad, que enfrenta tradición y libertad: el proceso polémico de construcción del individuo, envuelto por la familia, la nación o la escuela. Su clave constructiva, una síntesis de biografía, costumbres, historia y educación, debe servir para comprender su espectacular salto a las pantallas, donde ha dado lugar a la “película biográfico-familiar”. Pretendemos justificar teóricamente su existencia, iluminar su trasvase al cine, describir sus distintos perfiles y ejemplificarlos con películas de relevancia contrastada en la historia del cine.

ABSTRACT Sports entrepreneurship projects and the digital competencies worldwide have proven to be crucial initiatives in current times for the achievement of elite athletes and successful results at all competitive levels. However, on a global scale and particularly in Ecuador, there has been a lack of methods and above all means to evaluate the impact of these projects. That is why the objective of this work is: to propose a unified instrument to measure the digital competencies of the administrative staff of the State and to measure sports entrepreneurship projects. To corroborate this perceived limitation in sports practices, an interview was applied to 30 administrators and a scientific observation of the context in which these administrators develop. Once the instrument was created, its empirical feasibility was validated through a pre-experiment. To address the questions, the references of international frameworks such as the Digital Competencies Framework for Citizens (DigComp) were considered to ensure a global perspective. The results corroborated the effectiveness of this instrument to ensure a deeper objectivity when characterizing the athletes and the sport preparation they receive. At the Pretest level, the averages for the Study Group (SG) and the Control Group (CG) were similar with a minimal difference of 0.07. At the Posttest level, the averages for the SG and the CG were different with a considerable difference of 5.13.

RESUMEN Los proyectos de emprendimiento deportivo y las competencias digitales han demostrado ser iniciativas cruciales en los tiempos actuales, para el logro de atletas de élite y obtener resultados exitosos en todo nivel competitivo. Sin embargo, a escala global y particularmente en el Ecuador existen carencias de métodos y sobre todo medios, en función de evaluar el impacto de estos proyectos. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este trabajo fue proponer un instrumento unificado para medir las competencias digitales de los administrativos del Estado y para proyectos de emprendimiento deportivo. Para corroborar esta limitación percibida en las prácticas deportivas, se aplicó una entrevista a 30 administradores, la observación científica y, se procedió a validar su factibilidad empírica desde un preexperimento. Para abordar las preguntas, se consideraron las referencias del marco de competencias digitales para ciudadanos, para garantizar una perspectiva global. Los resultados corroboraron la efectividad del instrumento para asegurar una más profunda objetividad a la hora de caracterizar la muestra y la preparación deportiva que recibe, a nivel del pre-test los promedios para el grupo de estudio y el grupo control fueron semejantes con una mínima diferencia de 0.07; a nivel del post-test, con una diferencia considerable de 5.13. Como conclusión, se demostró la necesidad de crear un instrumento unificador para potenciar las competencias digitales y los proyectos de emprendimiento deportivo.

RESUMO Os projetos de empreendedorismo desportivo e as competições digitais têm-se revelado iniciativas cruciais nos tempos atuais, para a conquista de atletas de elite e obtenção de resultados de sucesso em todos os níveis competitivos. Contudo, à escala global e particularmente no Equador existem deficiências de métodos e, sobretudo, de meios para avaliar o impacto destes projectos. Por esse motivo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um instrumento unificado para medir as competências digitais dos administradores do Estado e para projetos de empreendedorismo esportivo. Para corroborar essa limitação percebida nas práticas esportivas, foi aplicada entrevista a 30 administradores, observação científica e sua viabilidade empírica foi validada a partir de um pré-experimento. Para responder às questões, foram consideradas referências do quadro de competências digitais para os cidadãos, para garantir uma perspetiva global. Os resultados corroboraram a eficácia do instrumento em garantir maior objetividade na caracterização da amostra e da preparação esportiva que ela recebe. No nível pré-teste, as médias do grupo de estudo e do grupo controle foram semelhantes com uma diferença mínima de 0,07. ; no nível pós-teste, com uma diferença considerável de 5,13. Em conclusão, foi demonstrada a necessidade de criar um instrumento unificador para melhorar as competências digitais e os projetos de empreendedorismo desportivo.