RESUMO As características de armazenamento das sementes contribuem para manter o diminuir a qualidade das mesmas. Neste pressuposto, o objetivo do estudo consistiu em analisar o efeito do frio durante vários períodos de tempo em 12 cultivares de feijão-preto. Para cada cultivar determinou-se o peso de 100 sementes armazenadas tanto em condição ambiental (27,22 °C e 62 % HR) quanto em frío (4,1°C e 13 % HR) durante 18 meses, nos quais se tomaram amostras ao início, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 18 meses para avaliar a porcentagem de germinação e plântulas anormais. Durante o armazenamento diminuiu a germinação e aumentaram as plântulas anormais. Identificaram-se diferenças entre as cultivares, das quais ‘Comapa’ tolera o armazenamento sob condições do trópico com somente 16,5 pontos porcentuais de redução, enquanto as cultivares ‘Veracruz’ e ‘Exp. 2’ registraram reduções de 50,5 e 40 pontos porcentuais, respectivamente.

Abstract The seed storage characteristics will contribute to maintaining or decreasing the quality of the seeds themselves. In this assumption, the objective of the study was to analyze the effect of cold during several periods of time in 12 black bean cultivars. The twelve black bean varieties were conditioned, the weight of 100 seeds was determined and they were stored under two conditions (27,22 ° C and 62 % HR) and refrigerated (4,1°C and 13 % HR) for 18 months, in which samples were taken at the beginning, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months to evaluate the percentage of germination and abnormal seedlings. During storage, germination decreased and abnormal seedlings increased. Differences were identified among the varieties of which ‘Comapa’ tolerated storage under tropical conditions with only 16,5 percentage points of reduction while the ‘Veracruz’ and ‘Exp. 2’ varieties recorded reductions of 50,5 and 40 percentage points, respectively.

ABSTRACT. The development of superior cultivars involves parents with superiority for the traits of interest and wide genetic variability. Efficient plant breeding and selection strategies that allow for the identification of superior genotypes are essential in breeding programs. This work aims to carry out a comparative study between several strategies for choosing parents, for hybridization purposes, based on phenotypic analysis and molecular information. To obtain the phenotypic and genotypic information of the parents, data simulation was used. For genotyping, 2000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers were used, and from all possible gametes to be formed (22000), 5000 were randomly sampled to form each of the 100 individuals of the population of recombinant inbred strains. To obtain the phenotypic information, five characteristics with different levels of complexity were simulated. The comparative study was carried out using data referring to simulated genotypic values of hybrids and parents. Then, aiming to choose the parents destined for hybridization, different traditional selection strategies based on phenotypic analysis and the genome-wide selection methodology were approached. The genomic information resulted in the choice of the best lines and in obtaining superior hybrids when compared with traditional methodologies. The inclusion of the genomic genetic values of the parents in determining the crosses to be carried out increases the probability of generating phenotypically superior hybrids. Thus, the traditional methods of choosing parents for hybridization purposes are effective, but when incorporating the information from genome-wide selection, the choice of parents provides superior and promising results.

ABSTRACT Acute wound dressings can be based on PVA hydrogels, which present many characteristics of an ideal dressing, e.g., fluid uptake, a moisturized environment, etc. The lack of antimicrobial properties leads to the addition of natural active agents. The present work aims to manufacture and compare PVA gels loaded with Barbatimão bark extract, Leucaena bark extract, Aloe vera, and Lavender essential oil. They were characterized by FTIR, swelling tests, SEM, actives release. There were interactions between PVA and the active agents. The addition of Leucaena and Barbatimão increased the PVA ability to swell, but the opposite was found for Aloe vera and Lavender essential oil. PVA-Lavender essential oil samples presented interconnected pores, while samples with essential oil or extracts presented high crystallinity. Lavender essential oil and Aloe vera presented the highest release. The Barbatimão and Leucaena samples’ release may be related to the samples’ swelling, but the initial release of Aloe vera and Lavender samples was diffusion controlled by swelling. Their long-term release was dose-dependent for Aloe vera, while it was a non-Fickian diffusion for Lavender essential oil related to the hydrogel’s relaxation step. There is a synergistic effect when Aloe vera and Lavender essential oil are loaded in PVA hydrogels. hydrogels dressing eg e g e.g. uptake environment etc agents extract FTIR tests SEM swell PVALavender pores crystallinity longterm long term dosedependent dose dependent nonFickian non Fickian hydrogel s step e.g

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética e as associações de características produtivas do feijão-bóer, para indicação dessa cultura ao programa de melhoramento em Moçambique. Foram avaliadas 11 características do feijão-bóer, em delineamento de três blocos ao acaso, nos ambientes de Namapa (I) e Montepuez (II), em 2017/2018. Para avaliação das características, utilizaram-se análises de variância, parâmetros genéticos, correlações, rede de correlação e análise de trilha. Em ambos os ambientes, há alta variabilidade genética e fenotípica para ramos primários, ramos secundários, vagens por planta, número de sementes por vagem, largura e comprimento da vagem e produtividade, bem como alta herdabilidade para todas as características, exceto para altura da planta. Os ramos primários e secundários apresentam alta correlação com a produtividade e efeito direto positivo sobre ela. No entanto, altura de planta e vagens por planta apresentam alta variabilidade fenotípica e correlação positiva com a produtividade no ambiente I. Vagens por planta, peso de 100 sementes e ramos primários apresentam altos efeitos positivos diretos no ambiente I, e ramos secundários e número de sementes por vagem, no ambiente II. Os ramos primários e secundários apresentam alta variabilidade e associações com a produtividade em ambos os ambientes e são indicados para o programa de melhoramento do feijão-bóer em Moçambique.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability and associations of yield traits of pigeon pea, for indication of this crop for the breeding program in Mozambique. Eleven pigeon pea traits were evaluated in a experimental design with three randomized complete blocks, in the environments of Namapa (I) and Montepuez (II), in 2017/2018. To evaluate the traits, analyses of variance, genetic parameters, correlations, correlation network, and path analysis were used. In both environments, there is a high genetic and phenotypic variability for primary branches, secondary branches, pods per plant, number of seed per pod, pod width, pod length, and yield, as well as a high heritability for all traits except for plant height. The primary and secondary branches have a high correlation with yield and a positive direct effect on it. However, plant height and pods per plant show a high phenotypic variability and a positive correlation with yield in environment I. Pods per plant, weight of 100 seed, and primary branches show high direct positive effects in environment I, and secondary branches and number of seed per pod, in environment II. The primary and secondary branches show high variability and associations with yield in both environments and are indicated for the pigeon pea breeding program in Mozambique.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Recently, we have obtained experimental evidence that electrical stimulation of amygdala 15 min after a spatial memory task can facilitate spatial learning in memory impaired animals with fimbria-fornix lesion. Objectives: to study the neural plasticity mechanisms involved in the functional recovery in the fimbria-fornix lesioned animals triggered by basolateral amygdala electrical stimulation. Methods: Proteins and genes related to neural plasticity were measured in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of fimbria-fornix lesioned male rats after four days of training in the water maze and stimulation of the basolateral amygdala. Results: We found that amygdala stimulation increases hippocampus BDNF (Brain Derivated Neurotrophic Factor) levels in the lesioned animals, suggesting that BDNF is one of the critical mechanisms that promote the spatial memory recovery. Also, we have demonstrated that plasticity-related-genes such as bdnf and arc are probably involved in the restoration of lost functions in fimbria-fornix lesioned animals with amygdala stimulation. Moreover, the amygdala stimulation increases transiently c-Fos protein expression in cells of dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, we have provided data showing that amygdala stimulation induces an increase in MAP-2 (Microtubule Associated Protein-2), which is an indicator of dendrite growth and also of GAP-43 (Growth Associated Protein-43), which is an indicator of axonal growth in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusions: Consequently, the amygdala stimulation is able to activate brain regions relevant to memory processes and activate all forms of neural plasticity, leading to neurological restoration.

RESUMEN Introducción: Recientemente hemos mostrado que la estimulación eléctrica de la amígdala 15 min después del entrenamiento de una tarea de memoria espacial puede facilitar el aprendizaje espacial en animales con lesión de fimbria-fórnix. Objetivos: estudiar los mecanismos de plasticidad neural involucrados en la recuperación funcional en los animales con lesión de fimbria-fórnix por efecto de la estimulación eléctrica de la amígdala basolateral. Métodos: Las proteínas y genes relacionados con la plasticidad neural se midieron en el hipocampo y la corteza prefrontal de ratas con lesión en la fimbria-fórnix después de cuatro días de entrenamiento en el laberinto acuático y estimulación de la amígdala basolateral. Resultados: La estimulación de la amígdala aumenta en el hipocampo los niveles de BDNF; así como los genes relacionados con la plasticidad neural bdnf y arc en los animales lesionados. Estas evidencias sugieren que estos pueden ser algunos de los mecanismos involucrados en la recuperación de las funciones perdidas en animales con lesión de fimbria-fórnix con estimulación de amígdala. Además, la estimulación de la amígdala aumenta la expresión transitoria de la proteína c-Fos; e incrementa las proteínas MAP-2 y GAP-43 que son indicadores del crecimiento dendrítico y axonal respectivamente en la corteza prefrontal y el hipocampo. Conclusiones: En consecuencia, la estimulación de la amígdala puede activar regiones cerebrales relevantes para los procesos de memoria y activar todas las formas de plasticidad neural, lo que lleva a la restauración neurológica.

Resumo A espontaneidade e as suas ligações à saúde mental e ao bem-estar são uma componente central quer na teoria quer na prática do psicodrama, e a literatura especializada associa a presença de patologia à falta de espontaneidade. Neste artigo, elencam-se alguns dos resultados obtidos em estudos em língua inglesa do SAI-R e apresentam-se os estudos da sua validação para a população portuguesa. Na validação do SAI-R para o contexto português, foi confirmada a estrutura fatorial com 719 sujeitos, distribuídos em duas amostras independentes. Os participantes tinham idades entre os 18 e os 69 anos. Por fim, foram testadas a fiabilidade compósita e a validade convergente, bem como a validade do tipo critério em duas amostras independentes (n 1ªamostra =348 e n 2ªamostra =371). Apesar de serem necessários mais estudos com populações clínicas, o SAI-R apresenta-se como um instrumento curto e válido para aplicar em contextos clínicos e não clínicos quando se pretende avaliar a espontaneidade.

Abstract Spontaneity and its connections to mental health and wellbeing are a central theme in both the theory and practice of psychodrama, and the specialized literature sometimes even associates the presence of pathology with a lack of spontaneity. In this article, we list some of the results obtained in studies with the English-language version of the spontaneity scale and present its validation studies for the Portuguese population. We verified a factorial structure with 719 subjects, divided into two independent samples in the validation of the SAI-R for the Portuguese context. Participants had an age range of 18 to 69 years old. Furthermore, composite reliability, convergent validity, and cross validity were tested in two other independent samples (n sample1 =348 and n sample2 =371). Although further studies with clinical samples are needed, the SAI-R presents itself as a short and valid instrument to apply in clinical and non-clinical settings when assessing spontaneity.

Resumen La espontaneidad y sus vínculos con la salud mental y el bienestar son una componente central tanto en la teoría como en la práctica del psicodrama, y la literatura especializada asocia la presencia de patología con la falta de espontaneidad. En este artículo se enumeran resultados obtenidos con la versión inglesa del SAI-R y se presentan estudios para su aplicación en la población portuguesa. En la validación del SAI-R para el contexto portugués, se confirmó la estructura factorial con 719 sujetos, distribuidos en dos muestras independientes. Los participantes tenían entre 18 y 69 años. Finalmente, se probaron la confiabilidad compuesta y la validez convergente, así como la validez cruzada en las dos muestras independientes (n muestra 1 = 348 y n muestra2 = 371). Aunque son necesarios más estudios con poblaciones clínicas, el SAI-R se presenta como un instrumento breve y válido para ser aplicado en contextos clínicos y no clínicos en la evaluación de la espontaneidad.

Abstract: Objective: To determine the presence of Rickettsia typhi in Rhipicephalus sanguineuss.l. and Amblyomma mixtum in southern Mexico. Materials and methods: Ticks were collected in humans and domestic animals. The presence of Rickettsia was determined by PCR and sequencing. Results: 10/39 work vials amplified fragments of the gltA,htrA and ompB genes. On 7/10 from Rh. sanguineus s.l collected from dogs and in 3/10 of A. mixtum collected from horse and human. Sequencing indicated R. typhi in Rh. Sanguineus and A. mixtum with 100% homology (LS992663.1) for a region of the htrA gene and 99% (LS992663.1) with the regions of the gltA and OmpB genes. The minimum infection rate (TMI) for R. typhi was 3.88. Conclusions: Rhipicephalus sanguineuss.l. and Amblyomma mixtum are naturally infected with R. typhi in Southern Mexico.

Resumen: Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de Rickettsia typhi en Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. y Amblyomma mixtum, en el sur de México. Material y métodos: Las garrapatas fueron colectadas en humanos y animales domésticos. Se determinó la presencia de Rickettsia por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, por sus siglas en inglés) y secuenciación. Resultados: 10/39 viales de trabajo amplificaron fragmentos de los genes gltA, htrA y ompB, en 7/10 proveniente de Rh. sanguineus s.l. colectadas de perros y en 3/10 de A. mixtum colectadas de caballo y humano. La secuenciación indicó R. typhi en Rh. sanguineus y A. mixtum con homología de 100% (LS992663.1), para una región del gen de htrA, y de 99% (LS992663.1), con las regiones de los genes de gltA y OmpB. La tasa mínima de infección (TMI) para R. typhi fue de 3.88. Conclusiones: Las garrapatas Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. y Amblyomma mixtum están infectadas naturalmente con R. typhi en el sur de México.

RESUMO OBJETIVO O presente estudo objetivou examinar a composição corporal dos corredores de ultra-trail (UTR) e, adicionalmente, comparar dois grupos de acordo com o nível de participação (Regional vs. Nacional, respectivamente UTR-R e UTR-N). MÉTODOS A amostra foi composta por 44 corredores adultos masculinos (36,5±7,2 anos de idade; UTR-R: n=25; UTR-N: n=19). A composição corporal foi avaliada recorrendo à pletismografia de ar deslocado, bioimpedância elétrica e absorciometria de raios X de dupla energia. Adicionalmente, foi utilizado o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar. A comparação entre grupos foi realizada com base na prova t-student para amostras independentes. RESULTADOS Foram encontradas diferenças significativas por nível de competição para as seguintes variáveis dependentes: idade cronológica (em anos; UTR-R: 38,8±8,2 vs. UTR-N: 33,5±4,1); densidade corporal (em kg/L; UTR-R: 1,062±0,015 L/kg vs. UTR-N: 1,074±0,009); massa gorda (em kg; UTR-R: 12,7±6,8 kg vs. UTR-N: 7,6±2,7). CONCLUSÃO Os UTR-N tendem a ser mais jovens e apresentam valores superiores de densidade corporal e, consequentemente, valores menores de massa gorda, sendo a massa isenta de gordura semelhante entre os grupos. O presente estudo determinou o perfil dos corredores adultos masculinos de longa distância (ultra-trail), realçando a importância de uma cuidadosa regulação da massa corporal.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the body composition of adult male ultra-trail runners (UTR) according to their level of participation (regional UTR-R, vs. national UTR-N). METHODS The sample was composed of 44 adult male UTR (aged 36.5±7.2 years; UTR-R: n=25; UTR-N: n=19). Body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied. A comparison between the groups was performed using independent samples t-test. RESULTS Significant differences between groups contrasting in the competitive level were found for chronological age (in years; UTR-R: 38.8±8.2 vs. UTR-N: 33.5±4.1); body density (in L.kg-1; UTR-R: 1.062±0.015 vs. UTR-N: 1.074±0.009); and fat mass (in kg; UTR-R: 12.7±6.8 vs. UTR-N: 7.6±2.7). CONCLUSION UTR-N were younger, presented higher values for body density, and had less fat mass, although no significant differences were found for fat-free mass. The current study evidenced the profile of long-distance runners and the need for weight management programs to regulate body composition.

Abstract In the present study, the microbial diversity was analyzed in agricultural soils from Río Bravo city and Cuauhtémoc Station, Tamp., and the surroundings of the city of Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato. Microorganisms isolation and tolerance tests were conducted preselectively using 2,4-D and malathion. Microbial identification was conducted by 16S gen amplification in bacteria and ITS region in fungi. The bacterial genus Pseudomonas, and the fungal genus Penicillium were the most abundant in the analyzed samples. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas pavanii and Acinetobacter lactucae grew at a concentration> 2.0 g L-1 of 2,4-D and > 1.0 g L-1 of malathion. Fusarium sp. grew at 2.0 g L-1 of malathion and 0.9 g L-1 of 2,4-D herbicide, and Talaromyces variabilis tolerated up to 3.1 g L-1 of malathion. There are no reports of tolerance for S. pavanii, A. Lactucae, and T. variabilis to these pesticides so far. Therefore, the semicroorganisms may have the potential to be used in soil bioremediation techniques.

Resumen En el presente estudio, se analizó la diversidad microbiana de los suelos agrícolas de las localidades de Río Bravo y la Estación Cuauhtémoc en el estado de Tamaulipas y en los límites de Dolores Hidalgo en el estado de Guanajuato. Los plaguicidas utilizados fueron 2,4-D y malatión, con los que se establecieron pruebas preselectivas para el aislamiento de los microorganismos y su tolerancia. Para la identificación de las bacterias se amplificó el gen 16S y para los hongos la región ITS. El género bacteriano Pseudomonas, así como el género fúngico Penicillium fueron los de mayor abundancia en las muestras analizadas. Los resultados indicaron que las cepas tolerantes fueron Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas pavanii y Acinetobacter lactucae creciendo a una concentración > 2.0 g L-1 de 2,4-D y > 1.0 g L-1 de malatión. Así como Fusarium sp., a 2.0 g L-1 de malatión y 0.9 g L-1 de 2,4-D y el hongo Talaromyces variabilis con un crecimiento a 3.1 g L-1 de malatión. Para el caso de S. pavanii, A. Lactucae y T. variabilis no existen reportes de tolerancia a los plaguicidas mencionados, sin embargo, en este trabajo se demuestra por primera vez que pueden ser utilizados en técnicas de biorremediación de suelos.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever e comparar indicadores de aptidão metabólica em corredores de trilhas de longa distância (ultra trail running) adultos do sexo masculino, de acordo com o nível de competição (regional ou nacional). Métodos Foram avaliados 44 corredores masculinos com média de idade de 36,5±7,2 anos classificados como de nível regional (n=25) ou nacional (n=19). Foi utilizado o teste de Wingate para avaliação da via anaeróbica, enquanto o teste incremental de corrida em esteira também foi realizado para determinar os limiares ventilatórios, o consumo máximo de oxigênio, a frequência cardíaca e a concentração de lactato ao final do protocolo. A comparação entre os grupos foi realizada por estatística teste t para amostras independentes. Resultados As variáveis obtidas do teste Wingate não diferiram de forma significativa entre os grupos. No que diz respeito à aptidão aeróbica, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre variáveis expressas em valores absolutos no segundo limiar ventilatório (corredores de nível regional: 3,78±0,32L.min-1; corredores de nível nacional: 4,03±0,40L.min-1; p<0,05). Quando considerados os valores expressos por unidade de massa corporal, o segundo limiar ventilatório (corredores de nível regional: 50,75±6,23mL.kg-1.min-1; corredores de nível nacional: 57,88±4,64mL.kg-1.min-1; p<0,05) e o volume máximo de oxigênio (corredores de nível regional: 57,33±7,66mL.kg-1.min-1; corredores de nível nacional: 63,39±4,26mL.kg-1.min-1; p<0,05) também diferiram de forma significativa. Conclusão Este estudo destacou a importância de se expressarem variáveis fisiológicas derivadas de protocolos de corrida por unidade de massa corporal. Além disso, o segundo limiar ventilatório pareceu ser o melhor e único indicador de aptidão aeróbica para a diferenciação de corredores de trilha de longa distância, segundo o nível competitivo. O consumo máximo de oxigênio não é especialmente relevante para distinguir os corredores de trilha de longa distância, segundo o nível competitivo.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe and identify the importance of different indicators of the aerobic and anaerobic fitness of male ultra-trail runners according to their level of participation (regional or national). Methods Forty-four male ultra-trail runners were assessed (36.5±7.2 years). They were classified as regional (n=25) and national (n=19). Wingate test was used to assess the anaerobic pathway. A progressive incremental running test was performed and ventilatory thresholds registered, in parallel to heart rate and lactate concentration at the end of the protocol. Comparison between groups was performed using independent samples t-test. Results No significant differences were found between outputs derived from Wingate test. For aerobic fitness, while examining absolute values, differences were uniquely significant for the second ventilatory threshold (ultra-trail regional runners: 3.78±0.32L.min-1; ultra-trail national runners: 4.03±0.40L.min-1 p<0.05). Meantime, when aerobic fitness was expressed per unit of body mass, differences were significant for the second ventilatory threshold (ultra-trail regional runners: 50.75±6.23mL.kg-1.min-1; ultra-trail national runners: 57.88±4.64mL.kg-1.min-1 p<0.05) and also maximum volume of oxygen (ultra-trail regional runners: 57.33±7.66mL.kg-1.min-1; ultra-trail national runners: 63.39±4.26mL.kg-1.min-1 p<0.05). Conclusion This study emphasized the importance of expressing physiological variables derived from running protocols per unit of body mass. Also, the second ventilatory threshold appears to be the best and the only aerobic fitness variable to distinguish between trail runners according to competitive level. Maximal oxygen uptake seems of relative interest to distinguish between long distance runners according to competitive level.

Resumen La neumonía se define clínicamente como la presencia aguda de fiebre acompañada de síntomas y signos respiratorios que pueden estar o no acompañados de hallazgos radiográficos. Sin embargo, los signos y síntomas que acompañan la enfermedad en la edad pediátrica son inespecíficos. La radiografía de tórax continúa siendo la prueba de referencia para el diagnóstico de neumonía. Contrario a esto, la radiografía de tórax no se recomienda de forma rutinaria ante la sospecha de neumonía. La tomografía y la resonancia magnética ofrecen mejores herramientas diagnósticas, aunque todas conllevan a una exposición a radiación ionizante y a un mayor costo en los servicios de salud. Es conocido que la radiación ionizante es capaz de causar potencialmente daños a los tejidos y más aún en los niños. En los últimos años, diferentes estudios proponen la ecografía pulmonar como ayuda diagnóstica para la neumonía al ofrecer ventajas como no requerir uso de sedantes, no expone a radiación ionizante, fácil transporte y ofrece mejor resolución en lo referente al diagnóstico de septos. Muchos estudios han demostrado la efectividad de la ecografia pulmonar para el diagnóstico de la neumonía. Un metaanálisis reciente reportó una sensibilidad de 96 % (IC95 % 94-97 %) y una especificidad del 93 % (IC95 % 90-96 %) de la ecografía pulmonar para el diagnóstico para la neumonía. Deduciendo que la ecografía pulmonar se proyecta como una herramienta diagnóstica para la neumonía, llegando a ser igual o superior a la radiografía de tórax.

Abstract Pneumonia is defined clinically as the acute presence of fever accompanied by respiratory symptoms and signs that may or may not be accompanied by radiographic findings. However, the signs and symptoms that accompany the disease in the pediatric age are nonspecific. Chest radiography continues to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Contrary to this, chest radiography is not routinely recommended in case of suspected pneumonia. The tomography and the magnetic resonance offer better diagnostic tools, nevertheless these, along with the x-ray, lead to an exposure to ionizing radiation and to a greater cost in the health services. It is known that ionizing radiation is capable of potentially causing damage to tissues and even more so in children. In recent years, different studies have proposed pulmonary ultrasound as a diagnostic aid for pneumonia, offering advantages such as not requiring the use of sedatives, exposure to ionizing radiation, easy transport and offering better resolution regarding the diagnosis of septa. Many studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of pulmonary ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia. A recent meta-analysis reported a sensitivity of 96% (95% CI 94-97%) and a specificity of 93% (95% CI 90-96%) for pulmonary ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia. Deducing that the pulmonary ultrasound is projected as a diagnostic tool for pneumonia, being equal or superior to chest radiography.

The fatty acids profile and energy content in muscle of juveniles of Paralabrax humeralis conditioned at three temperatures (12, 17 and 22 °C) for a period of 90 days was evaluated. For this purpose, 2 m³ fiberglass tanks connected to water recirculation systems with temperature control were used. The fishes were fed with commercial balanced feed (pellets) of 4 mm diameter, 42% protein and 12% fat twice a day. Every 30 days the weight and length of all fishes was recorded. In addition, six fish per acclimation temperature were sacrificed to measure fatty acids concentrations and energy content of muscle tissue. The observations showed that P. humeralis quickly accepts the artificial feed reaching a 95% survival during the evaluation period. The muscle concentration of linoleic and linolenic acids increased more than 100% in the three temperature groups. Contrarily, the concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased by 48, 45, 26 and 20% respectively. The energy content in muscle increased 13% during the conditioning period. It is concluded that P. humeralis adapts quickly to the conditions of captivity; however, the feed provided must contain higher amounts of ARA, EPA, DPA and DHA.

Se evaluó el perfil de ácidos grasos y contenido energético en músculo de juveniles de Paralabrax humeralis acondicionados a tres temperaturas (12, 17 y 22 °C) por un periodo de 90 días. Se utilizaron tanques de fibra de vidrio de 2 m³ conectados a sistemas de recirculación de agua con control de temperatura. Los peces recibieron dos veces al día alimento balanceado comercial (pellets) de 4 mm de diámetro, 42% de proteína y 12% de grasa. Cada 30 días se registró el peso y longitud de todos los peces. Además, seis peces por temperatura de aclimatación fueron sacrificados para medir las concentraciones de ácidos grasos y el contenido energético del tejido muscular. Las observaciones muestran que P. humeralis acepta rápidamente el alimento balanceado alcanzando una sobrevivencia del 95% durante el periodo de evaluación. La concentración muscular de ácidos linoleico y linolénico aumentaron más del 100% en los tres grupos de temperatura. Contrariamente, la concentración de ácidos docosahexaenoico (DHA), araquidónico (ARA), docosopentaenoico (DPA) y eicosapentaenoico (EPA) disminuyeron en 48, 45, 26 y 20%, respectivamente. El contenido energético en músculo aumentó 13% durante el periodo de aclimatación. Se concluye que P. humeralis se adapta rápidamente a las condiciones de cautiverio; sin embargo, el alimento proporcionado debe contener mayores cantidades de ARA, EPA, DPA y DHA.