ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A bibliometric analysis covering only the production of original studies or considering world production until 2022 has yet to be conducted. The creation and advancement of vaccines have also influenced research priorities, demonstrating the need for a new approach to this subject. OBJECTIVES: To analyze worldwide scientific production related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the aged and to describe what has already been produced. DESIGN AND SETTING: Bibliometric analysis with a quantitative approach. METHOD: The search terms “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Aged,” and “Elderly” were used to retrieve articles from the Web of Science database. A total of 684 articles were included in the analysis. Data were imported into RStudio Desktop Software and linked to R Software. The Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer software were used for analysis. RESULTS: Most articles were published in 2020. These were produced by 4,937 authors and published in 379 journals. The keyword most used by the authors was “COVID-19.” Publications from 77 countries were obtained. China had the highest article production ranking, and Spain collaborated the most. The articles addressed the implications of the pandemic on the aged, the relationship between vaccination in the aged, and the implications for the disease itself. CONCLUSION: Further research should be conducted, mainly concerning vaccines and vaccination of the aged, owing to the need for and importance of immunization in this risk group, including assessing the long-term effects of vaccines.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of different vertical positions on lung aeration in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: An open-label randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted between January and July 2020. Adults receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for > 24 hours and < 7 days with hemodynamic, respiratory and neurological stability were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the sitting position followed by passive orthostasis condition or the passive orthostasis followed by the sitting position condition. The primary outcome was lung aeration assessed using the lung ultrasound score (score ranges from 0 [better] to 36 [worse]). Results: A total of 186 subjects were screened; of these subjects, 19 were enrolled (57.8% male; mean age, 73.2 years). All participants were assigned to receive at least one verticalization protocol. Passive orthostasis resulted in mean lung ultrasound scores that did not differ significantly from the sitting position (11.0 versus 13.7; mean difference, -2.7; [95%CI -6.1 to 0.71; p = 0.11). Adverse events occurred in three subjects in the passive orthostasis group and in one in the sitting position group (p = 0.99). Conclusion: This analysis did not find significant differences in lung aeration between the sitting and passive orthostasis groups. A randomized crossover clinical trial assessing the impact of vertical positioning on lung aeration in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation is feasible. Unfortunately, the study was interrupted due to the need to treat COVID-19 patients. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT04176445

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de diferentes posicionamentos verticais na aeração pulmonar em pacientes em ventilação mecânica invasiva. Métodos: Trata-se de ensaio clínico aberto, randomizado e transversal, realizado entre janeiro e julho de 2020. Adultos em ventilação mecânica invasiva por mais de 24 horas e menos de 7 dias com estabilidade hemodinâmica, respiratória e neurológica foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em uma proporção de 1:1 à postura sentada seguida da condição de ortostatismo passivo ou o ortostatismo passivo seguido de postura sentada. O desfecho primário foi a aeração pulmonar avaliada pelo lung ultrasound score. O escore varia de zero (melhor) a 36 (pior). Resultados: Foram selecionados 186 indivíduos; destes, 19 foram incluídos (57,8% do sexo masculino; média idade de 73,2 anos). Todos os participantes foram selecionados para receber pelo menos um protocolo de verticalização. O ortostatismo passivo resultou em escores médios de aeração pulmonar por ultrassonografia que não diferiram significativamente da postura sentada (11,0 versus 13,7; diferença média, -2,7; IC95% -6,1 a 0,71; p = 0,11). Ocorreram eventos adversos em três indivíduos no grupo ortostatismo passivo e em um no grupo postura sentada (p = 0,99). Conclusão: Esta análise não encontrou diferenças significativas na aeração pulmonar entre os grupos ortostatismo passivo e postura sentada. É factível conduzir um estudo clínico transversal randomizado para avaliar o impacto do posicionamento vertical na aeração pulmonar em pacientes em ventilação mecânica invasiva. Infelizmente, o estudo foi interrompido devido à necessidade de tratar pacientes com COVID-19. Registro ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04176445

Abstract This article describes the performance and progress of South Korea's commercial diplomacy in Mexico based on the study of its country brand. This research seeks to be a contribution to the study of the bilateral relations of Korea and Mexico. Through surveys and two semi-structured interviews, conducted with the Korean Trade-Investment Promotion Agency (Kotra) and Dr. Eduardo Luciano Tadeo, in which they sought to identify the importance of the Mexican market for Korea in order to establish a direct relationship between the concepts of commercial diplomacy and country brand and how from its application it can be a preamble to a free trade agreement. This research is descriptive, exploratory, mixed and starts with a theoretical review of the concepts of commercial diplomacy and country brand. It is concluded that Korea has had a positive influence through its country brand and the joint support of other cultural, social and educational policies, generating favorable conditions to develop its objectives of commercial expansion in Mexico, which is the door not only to the Latin American market, but also to the North American, being a strategic enclave within the continent.

Resumen En este artículo se describe el desempeño y avance de la diplomacia comercial de Corea del Sur en México a partir del estudio de su marca país. Esta investigación busca ser un aporte para el estudio de las relaciones bilaterales de Corea y México. A través de encuestas y dos entrevistas semiestructuradas, realizadas a la Korean Trade-Investment Promotion Agency (Kotra) y al doctor Eduardo Luciano Tadeo, en las que se buscó identificar la importancia del mercado mexicano para Corea con el fin de establecer una relación directa entre los conceptos de diplomacia comercial y marca país y cómo a partir de su aplicación puede ser un preámbulo a un tratado de libre comercio. Esta investigación es descriptiva, exploratoria, mixta y parte de una revisión teórica de los conceptos de diplomacia comercial y marca país. Se concluye que Corea ha tenido una influencia positiva a través de su marca país y el apoyo en conjunto de otras políticas culturales, sociales y educativas, generando condiciones favorables para desarrollar sus objetivos de expansión comercial en México, que es la puerta no sólo al mercado latinoamericano, sino también al norteamericano, al ser un enclave estratégico dentro del continente.

Street markets in Brazil are important spaces for the commercialization of fruits and vegetables (FV), which access by the urban population is considered one of the key aspects for the socalled “healthy cities”. This study adopts an ecological approach with geographic-spatial emphasis to describe accessibility to street markets in Porto Alegre, Brazil, by four different modes of transport (walking, bicycle, bus and car). The distribution of markets across the city is more balanced than other food establishments, although physical accessibility is highly uneven across modes of transport: the ability to reach a market on foot in 10 minutes or less is restricted to no more than 25 % of the population, while almost 90% can do it by driving a car. More importantly, the study found a direct and positive association between levels of accessibility to street markets and income: wealthier areas can reach fairs in less time using any mode of transport than poorer ones (p&lt;0.001). In addition, regions with a majority of white inhabitants have significantly better accessibility to the fairs on foot, by bicycle and by bus (p&lt;0.01) than regions with a majority of Black, Indigenous or yellow populations. Our study highlights the importance of addressing inequalities in access to healthy foods.

As feiras livres no Brasil são espaços importantes para a venda de frutas, verduras e legumes (FLV), considerados um dos aspectos-chave para “cidades saudáveis”. Este estudo adota uma abordagem ecológica com ênfase geográfico-espacial para descrever a acessibilidade às feiras livres em Porto Alegre, Brasil, por quatro modos de transporte (a pé, bicicleta, ônibus e carro). A distribuição das feiras pela cidade é mais equilibrada do que outros estabelecimentos de alimentos, embora a acessibilidade física seja altamente desigual entre os diferentes modos de transporte: a capacidade de alcançar uma feira a pé em 10 minutos ou menos é restrita a menos de 25% da população, enquanto quase 90% podem fazê-lo dirigindo um carro. Mais importante, o estudo encontrou uma associação direta e positiva entre os níveis de acessibilidade às feiras e a renda: as localidades mais ricas podem chegar às feiras em menos tempo usando qualquer modo de transporte do que as mais pobres (p&lt;0,001). Além disso, regiões com maioria de habitantes brancos têm acessibilidade significativamente melhor às feiras a pé, de bicicleta e de ônibus (p&lt;0,01) do que regiões com maioria de população negra, indígena ou amarela. Nosso estudo destaca a importância de abordar as desigualdades no acesso aos alimentos saudáveis.

RESUMEN El objetivo principal del presente estudio exploratorio es descubrir diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en la realización de las tareas domésticas y el cuidado de los hijos, analizando posibles relaciones con variables de salud psicosocial. Además, se persigue averiguar si también existen diferencias en función del género dentro y fuera de la profesión docente. Un total de 79 participantes que viven con su pareja (38 docentes y 45 trabajadores del sector terciario) participan en este estudio. El diseño del trabajo es descriptivo-comparativo y de corte transversal. Los resultados señalan que las mujeres, independientemente de su profesión, presentan mayor grado de implicación en el cuidado de los hijos. Además, el grupo de mujeres también presenta mayores niveles de depresión y de fatiga física y un peor estado de ánimo que los hombres. Por profesiones, se observa que los profesores presentan una menor implicación que sus parejas en la alimentación, el descanso, el ocio, la educación y la higiene de sus hijos. Todos los resultados se discuten enfatizando la necesidad de poner en marcha medidas que ayuden a mejorar el bienestar de las mujeres y favorezcan una corresponsabilidad real entre hombres y mujeres.

ABSTRACT The main objective of this exploratory study is to discover differences between men and women in performing housework and childcare, analyzing possible relationships with psychosocial health variables. In addition, it seeks to find out if there are also differences based on gender inside and outside the teaching profession. A total of 79 participants who live with their partner (38 teachers and 45 tertiary sector workers) participate in this study. The work design is descriptive-comparative and cross-sectional. The results indicate that women, regardless of their profession, have a higher degree of involvement in childcare. In addition, the group of women also presented higher levels of depression and physical fatigue and worse mood than men. By profession, it is observed that men teachers are less involved than their partners in their children's food, rest, leisure, education and hygiene. All the results are discussed emphasizing the need to implement measures that help improve the women’s well-being and encourage a real co-responsibility between men and women.

Abstract During the last decades, as a result of greater control and management exercised by the central government in China, some shifts and developments have taken place across the Tibetan landscape and population. Nonetheless, at the same time some social conflicts and opposing expectations have been inherited due to the meeting between the implementation of new policies and geographicaladministrative divisions relative to the old customs and social order retained by the nomad tribes. This document integrates a range of ethnographic studies on land governance, dispute resolution, and the maintenance of social order in the Tibetan region of Amdo. For this purpose, we draw from politics and law the definition of autonomy and how it has been institutionalized in China. The document illuminates the constructive negotiation process that occurs between government officials at the local level and those who have the moral authority and power within these groups to solve disputes and build a local “moral” order.

Resumen De la mano del Gobierno central, en las últimas décadas se ha suscitado una serie de desarrollos tanto en el paisaje como en la población tibetana. No obstante, al mismo tiempo se han heredado algunos conflictos sociales y expectativas opuestas a causa del encuentro entre las nuevas políticas y divisiones geográficas administrativas en relación con las viejas costumbres y el orden social retenido por las tribus nómadas en el Tíbet. En el presente documento se integra una variedad de estudios etnográficos sobre la gobernanza de la tierra, la solución de disputas, y el mantenimiento del orden en la región tibetana de Amdo. Para esto, se rescata desde la política y el orden jurídico la definición de autonomía y la manera como se ha institucionalizado en China. Se ilumina sobre la negociación constructiva que ocurre entre los agentes del Gobierno a nivel local y aquellos que tienen poder y autoridad moral reconocida dentro de estos grupos para resolver disputas y construir un orden local “moral”.

ABSTRACT The research focuses on the Performance of the teaching practice in a graduate school in Itapúa, reality diagnosis 2018 - 2019, which objective was to determine the strengths and opportunities for improvement of the teaching practice in a graduate school in Itapúa. Methodologically, it dealt with a Case Study, of an intrinsic type due to its purpose; with a mixed approach (qualitative - quantitative), in which the behavior of a series of causes and effects was analyzed, based on numerical data based on probabilistic studies. The data sources are material of a legal and doctrinal nature and its sampling system was named within the line of investigation "educational quality" according to its approach. The most relevant results show that the teaching-learning methodology that the teacher applies in their class hours are good, and that the learning assessment strategies applied to the students were mostly answered with agreement. It is concluded that, as a consequence of these results, the teacher is doing a good job but there are many opportunities to continue improving not only in its methodology but also by using and innovating other teaching-learning strategies in such a way that not only the student could feel satisfied.

RESUMEN La investigación se centra en el ejercicio de la práctica docente en la escuela de postgrado de la Universidad Nacional de Itapúa, diagnóstico de la realidad 2018 - 2019, cuyo objetivo fue identificar el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes respecto al desempeño profesional de los docentes de la Escuela de Postgrado de la Universidad Nacional de Itapúa, año 2018 - 2019. Metodológicamente, se trata de un Estudio de Caso, de tipo intrínseco por su finalidad; con un enfoque mixto (cualitativo - cuantitativo), en el cual se analiza el comportamiento de una serie de causas y efectos, a partir de datos numéricos en base a estudios probabilísticos. Los resultados más relevantes demuestran que la metodología de enseñanza - aprendizaje que el docente aplica en sus horas de clases son buenas, y que las estrategias de evaluación en el aprendizaje aplicadas a los alumnos en su mayoría han respondido que están de acuerdo. Entre los principales hallazgos, se concluye que, el cuerpo docente está realizando un buen trabajo, y que van innovando en la metodología aplicada en el Proceso Enseñanza Aprendizaje (PEA).

Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing scientific interest in the field of human-animal interaction, and the results have suggested several potential benefits in both adults and children. Dogs can play an important role in children's social, emotional and cognitive development. Playing with the dog can also contribute to increase children's physical activity, improving their quality of life. However, it is undeniable that there are unfavorable effects or risks that must be considered. The most frequently mentioned are allergy, asthma and transmission of zoonotic diseases. In addition, risks such as aggression and bites must also be considered. It has been studied whether the age of exposure to the dog can influence the risk of allergic disease, and there are not enough data. There is no evidence to support the existence of hypoallergenic species. The physician must inform the family of all the risks and benefits associated with owning a dog, contributing to an informed and conscious parental decision. It is also advisable to carefully select the dog, taking into account its intrinsic characteristics, namely aggressiveness. Factors such as available daily time, adequate space, caregivers for periods of absence and economic availability should also be considered.

Resumo Nos últimos anos, tem havido um interesse científico crescente no campo da interação homem-animal, e os resultados têm sugerido vários potenciais benefícios, tanto em adultos como em crianças. Os cães podem desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento social, emocional e cognitivo das crianças. Brincar com o cão pode também contribuir para aumentar a atividade física das crianças melhorando a sua qualidade de vida. No entanto, é inegável que existem efeitos desfavoráveis ou riscos que devem ser considerados. As preocupações mais frequentemente referidas são alergia, asma e transmissão de doenças zoonóticas. Além disso, riscos tais como agressões e mordeduras também devem ser considerados. Tem estado a ser estudado se a idade de exposição ao cão pode influenciar o risco de doença alérgica, não existindo dados suficientes. Não há evidência que suporte a existência de espécies hipoalergénicas. O médico deve informar a família de todos os riscos e benefícios associados à posse de um cão, contribuindo para uma decisão parental informada e consciente. É também aconselhável selecionar cuidadosamente o cão, tendo em conta as suas características intrínsecas, nomeadamente a agressividade. Fatores como o tempo diário disponível, espaço adequado, prestadores de cuidados para períodos de ausência e disponibilidade económica também devem ser ponderados.

RESUMEN Introducción. La falta del cumplimiento terapéutico es un problema en el control de la hipertensión arterial. Objetivo. Caracterizar los pacientes no adherentes al tratamiento de hipertensión arterial en pobladores de la V Región Sanitaria del Paraguay. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal que incluyó pacientes hipertensos conocidos que se encontraban en tratamiento para la hipertensión arterial. Se utilizó la Escala de adherencia a la medicación de Morisky 8 ítems que mide comportamientos de adherencia específicos asociados a la ingesta de medicamentos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 163 pacientes, todos considerados no adherentes al tratamiento según la Escala Morinsky MMAS-8. El 52,2% tenía más de 40 años, 66,3% del sexo femenino, 40,5% de nivel universitario, 57,1% casado y el 87,7% vive con la familia. El 66,9% informó trabajar hasta 8 horas por día y el 58,3% con ingresos mayores a 2 salarios mínimos. En cuanto al conocimiento el 53,9% fue alto. El 50% de los pacientes declaró utilizar plantas medicinales para su tratamiento, el 7,4% con depresión frecuentemente o casi siempre y el 22,1% ansiedad frecuentemente o casi siempre. En cuanto a las preguntas de no adherencia, el 53,4% olvidó tomar alguna vez su medicación o dejar de tomarla cuando siente que está bajo control (53,3%), el 44,2% deja de tomar su medicación porque se siente peor con ella y el 46,5% la olvida cuando viaja. Conclusión. La no adherencia en los pacientes de la V Región fue alarmante, por tanto, se deben de realizar medidas de acción respecto a las mismas.

ABSTRACT Introduction. The lack of therapeutic compliance is a problem to control high blood pressure. Objective. To characterize patients who do not adhere to the treatment of arterial hypertension in the V sanitary region of Paraguay. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in known hypertensive patients who were undergoing treatment for high blood pressure. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used, which measures specific adherence behaviors associated with medication intake. Results. 163 patients were included, all considered non-adherent to treatment according to the Morinsky MMAS-8 Scale. 52.2% were over 40 years old, 66.3% female, 40.5% with university level, 57.1% married, and 87.7% lived with their family. 66.9% reported working up to 8 hours per day and 58.3% with income greater than 2 minimum wages. Regarding knowledge, 53.9% was high. 50% of the patients declared using medicinal plants for their treatment, 7.4% with depression frequently or almost always and 22.1% with anxiety frequently or almost always. Regarding the non-adherence questions, 53.4% ever forgot to take their medication or stopped taking it when they feel they are under control (53.3%), 44.2% stop taking their medication because they feel worse with it and 46.5% forget it when traveling. Conclusion. The non-adherence in patients from Region V was alarming, therefore, action measures must be taken regarding them.

ABSTRACT The aim was to evaluate remote assistance (Web or App) for overweight/obese patients with two extra cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, sedentary lifestyle. Design: intervention study using random assignment for Web Group and App Group. The App Group was subsequently selected. Location: urban and rural health centres, teaching and non-teaching centres, in the Zaragoza I health area. Subjects: 261 people with BMI> 25 Kg/m2 and two extra cardiovascular risk factors. Interventions: 18 months follow up, initial checkups and after 1, 6, 12 and 18 months. The primary endpoints were: weight, blood pressure, tobacco consumption, cardiovascular events, quality of life and blood tests. Results: The control group completed the study in a higher proportion (79% vs 14%). The control and intervention groups attained a loss of 8% in and 5% median weight per year, respectively. After 6 months, the control group managed to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 7% and 5%, respectively. Glycosidic haemoglobin was 1% and 0.5% lower in the control and intervention groups, respectively (Wilcoxon Test=10; P=0.089). Both groups reduced tobacco consumption (Wilcoxon=21; P=0.03). The control group had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular events. Quality of life improved (Wilcoxon Test=979; P=0.041). Conclusion: Patients visiting health centres to monitor weight obtain better results than those remotely assisted.

RESUMEN El objetivo es evaluar un seguimiento telemático (web o aplicación [app]) para pacientes con sobrepeso/obesidad y otros dos factores de riesgo cardiovascular: hipertensión arterial (HTA), dislipemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), sedentarismo, consumo tabáquico. Diseño: es un estudio de intervención con asignación aleatoria al grupo intervención (web o app) y al grupo control. Emplazamiento: centros de salud rurales y urbanos, docentes y no docentes, del Sector Zaragoza I. Participantes: 261 personas con índice de masa corporal (IMC) > 25 kg/m2 y otros dos factores de riesgo. Intervenciones: seguimiento de 18 meses con puntos de corte al inicio, 1, 6, 12 y 18 meses. Las mediciones principales son peso, tensión arterial, consumo tabáquico, eventos cardiovasculares, calidad de vida y bioquímica. Resultados: el grupo control finalizó el estudio en mayor proporción (79% versus 14%). El grupo control consiguió una pérdida del 8% de la mediana de peso al año y el grupo intervención un 5%. A los 6 meses, el grupo control logró disminuir el 7% la tensión arterial sistólica y el 5% la diastólica. La hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) descendió un 1% en el grupo control y un 0,5% en el grupo intervención (test de Wilcoxon: 10; p = 0,089). El colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL) del grupo control descendió 9 mg/dL, y el del grupo intervención, 7 mg/dl (test de Wilcoxon: 1.089; p = 0,018). El hábito tabáquico disminuyó en todos los grupos (test de Wilcoxon: 21; p = 0,036). El grupo control presentó mayor prevalencia de eventos cardiovasculares. La calidad de vida mejoró en todos los grupos (test Wilcoxon: 979; p = 0,041). Conclusiones: las/los pacientes que acuden al centro de salud para un seguimiento de peso consiguen mejores resultados que si el seguimiento se hace de forma telemática.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine tumors are rare neoplasms of uncertain biological behavior. The liver is one of the most common sites of metastases, occurring in 50% of patients with metastatic disease. AIMS: To analyze a clinical series in liver transplant of patients with neuroendocrine tumors metastases. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study, based on the review of medical records of patients undergoing liver transplants due to neuroendocrine tumor metastases in a single center in northeast Brazil, over a period of 20 years (January 2001 to December 2021). RESULTS: During the analyzed period, 2,000 liver transplants were performed, of which 11 were indicated for liver metastases caused by neuroendocrine tumors. The mean age at diagnosis was 45.09±14.36 years (26–66 years) and 72.7% of cases were females. The most common primary tumor site was in the gastrointestinal tract in 64% of cases. Even after detailed investigation, three patients had no primary tumor site identified (27%). Overall survival after transplantation at one month was 90%, at one year was 70%, and five year, 45.4%. Disease-free survival rate was 72.7% at one year and 36.3% at five years. CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplantation is a treatment modality with good overall survival and disease-free survival results in selected patients with unresectable liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. However, a rigorous selection of patients is necessary to obtain better results and the ideal time for transplant indication is still a controversial topic in the literature.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Os tumores neuroendócrinos são neoplasias raras de comportamento biológico incerto. O fígado é um local comum de metástase, ocorrendo em 50% dos pacientes com doença metastática. OBJETIVOS: Analisar casuística de transplante hepático por metástases de tumores neuroendócrinos. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo com revisão de prontuários de pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático por metástases de tumores neuroendócrinos em um único centro no Nordeste do Brasil durante 20 anos (janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2021). RESULTADOS: Durante o período analisado, foram realizados 2.000 transplantes hepático, sendo 11 indicados por metástases hepáticas de tumores neuroendócrinos. A média de idade ao diagnóstico foi de 45,09±14,36 anos (26–66 anos) e 72,7% dos casos eram do sexo feminino. O local do tumor primário mais comum foi o trato gastrointestinal (64% dos casos). Após detalhada investigação, três pacientes não tiveram o local do tumor primário identificado (27%). A sobrevida global um mês e após um ano do transplante foi de 90 e 70%, respectivamente. A sobrevida após 5 anos foi de 45,4%. A taxa de sobrevida livre de doença foi de 72,7% no primeiro ano e 36,3% em cinco anos. CONCLUSÕES: O transplante hepático é uma modalidade de tratamento com bons resultados de sobrevida global e sobrevida livre de doença, em pacientes selecionados com metástases hepáticas irressecáveis de tumores neuroendócrinos. No entanto, a seleção rigorosa dos pacientes é necessária para obter melhores resultados e o momento ideal para a indicação do transplante ainda é um tema controverso na literatura.

ABSTRACT Purpose to characterize the degree of intensity and discomfort of tinnitus in post-COVID-19 individuals. Methods observational, exploratory and cross-sectional research with 242 participants, divided into two equal groups matched according to sex and age group. The control group, composed of individuals with tinnitus in the pre-pandemic period, and the study group, composed of participants who reported post-COVID-19 tinnitus in different regions of the country. General and domain-specific scores from the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were compared through descriptive statistical analysis, normality tests, comparison of groups and correlation between variables. Results in each group, 93 participants were female and 28 male, with a mean age of 35 years. The “negligible” and “mild” degrees of the THI and the “mild” and “moderate” of the VAS were higher for the SG, while the catastrophic domain of the THI and the VAS indicate worse scores for the CG. There was a significant difference between all domains of the inter- and intra-group scales. Conclusion milder manifestations of post-COVID-19 tinnitus disturbance, intensity and discomfort were found, compared to symptoms arising from other causes. Thus, the self-reported impact of the studied population was lower, pointing to better therapeutic and prognostic possibilities.

RESUMO Objetivo caracterizar o grau de intensidade e desconforto do zumbido de indivíduos, pós-COVID-19. Métodos pesquisa observacional, exploratória e de corte transversal com 242 participantes, divididos em dois grupos iguais, pareados de acordo com gênero e faixa etária: grupo-controle (GC), composto por indivíduos com zumbido em período pré-pandêmico, e grupo de estudo (GE), composto por participantes que referiram zumbido pós-COVID-19, de diferentes regiões do país. Foram comparados os escores gerais e de domínios específicos do Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) e da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), por meio de análise estatística descritiva, testes de normalidade, comparação de grupos e de correlação entre as variáveis. Resultados em cada grupo, 93 participantes eram do gênero feminino e 28, do masculino, sendo a média das idades de 35 anos. Os graus desprezível e leve do THI e leve e moderado da EVA foram maiores para o GE, enquanto o domínio catastrófico do THI e a EVA apontaram piores escores para o GC. Houve diferença significativa entre todos os domínios das escalas inter e intragrupos. Conclusão manifestações mais brandas de incômodo, intensidade e desconforto do zumbido pós-COVID-19 foram encontradas, em comparação ao sintoma decorrente de outras causas. Assim, o impacto do zumbido para a população estudada foi menos autorreferido, apontando para melhores possibilidades terapêuticas e prognósticas.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to correlate depressive symptoms, attitude, and self-care of elderly people with type 2 diabetes. Methods: study developed with 144 elderly people with diabetes; carried out in Family Health Units. A semi-structured instrument was used to obtain data on the sociodemographic profile; the Geriatric Depression Scale (15 items), the Questionário de Atitudes Psicológicas do Diabetes [Psychological Attitudes of Diabetes Questionnaire], and the Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire (DSCA) were also used. Results: it was identified that 24.3% of the participants presented depressive symptoms, and 93.8% presented negative attitudes of coping. A greater adherence to self-care activities related to the practice of medication was observed. In the correlation between the scales, a negative and inversely proportional correspondence was noted between depressive symptomatology and physical activity (p=0.010) and foot care (p=0.006), likewise between attitude and foot care (p=0.009). Conclusions: self-care in elderly people with diabetes mellitus is influenced by depressive symptoms and negative coping attitudes.

RESUMEN Objetivos: correlacionar síntomas depresivos, actitud y autocuidado de personas ancianas con diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: estudio desarrollado con 144 ancianos con diabetes; realizado en Unidades de Salud de la Familia. Utilizados instrumento semiestructurado para obtener los datos referentes al perfil sociodemográfico, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (15 ítems), Encuesta de Actitudes Psicológicas del Diabetes y de Actividades de Autocuidado con el Diabetes. Resultados: identificado que 24,3% de los participantes presentaron sintomatología depresiva; y 93,8%, actitudes negativas de enfrentamiento. Observado una mayor adhesión a las actividades de autocuidado relacionadas a la práctica medicamentosa. En la correlación entre las escalas, fue percibida una correspondencia negativa e inversamente proporcional entre sintomatología depresiva y actividad física (p=0,010) y cuidado con los pies (p=0,006), igualmente entre actitud y cuidado con los pies (p=0,009). Conclusiones: el autocuidado en personas ancianas con diabetes mellitus sufre influencia de los síntomas depresivos y de la actitud negativa en el enfrentamiento.

RESUMO Objetivos: correlacionar sintomas depressivos, atitude e autocuidado de pessoas idosas com diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: estudo desenvolvido com 144 pessoas idosas com diabetes; realizado em Unidades de Saúde da Família. Utilizaram-se instrumento semiestruturado para obter os dados referentes ao perfil sociodemográfico, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (15 itens), o Questionário de Atitudes Psicológicas do Diabetes e o de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes. Resultados: identificou-se que 24,3% dos participantes apresentaram sintomatologia depressiva; e 93,8%, atitudes negativas de enfrentamento. Observou-se uma maior adesão às atividades de autocuidado relacionadas à prática medicamentosa. Na correlação entre as escalas, foi percebida uma correspondência negativa e inversamente proporcional entre sintomatologia depressiva e atividade física (p=0,010) e cuidado com os pés (p=0,006), do mesmo modo entre atitude e cuidado com os pés (p=0,009). Conclusões: o autocuidado em pessoas idosas com diabetes mellitus sofre influência dos sintomas depressivos e da atitude negativa no enfrentamento.