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Abstract: Sarcopenia (the loss of muscle mass, strength and skeletal muscle function) increases mortality and the risk of hospitalization in the older population. Although it is known that older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher risk of dynapenia and sarcopenia, few studies have investigated these conditions in middle-aged populations. The objective of this study was to investigate whether T2DM, its duration, the presence of albuminuria, and glycemic control are associated with sarcopenia and its components in adults. The cross-sectional analysis was based on data from visit 2 of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (2012-2014). The 2018 European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria were used to define dynapenia, low appendicular muscle mass (LAMM), and sarcopenia (absent/probable/confirmed). The explanatory variables were: T2DM; duration of T2DM; T2DM according to the presence of albuminuria; and glycemic control (HbA1C < 7%) among people with T2DM. A total of 12,132 participants (mean age = 55.5, SD: 8.9 years) were included. The odds ratio for LAMM was greater among those with T2DM, T2DM duration from 5 to 10 years, and T2DM without albuminuria. Chances of dynapenia were higher among those with T2DM, T2DM duration > 10 years, and T2DM with and without albuminuria. The variables T2DM, T2DM ≥ 10 years, and T2DM with albuminuria increased the odds of probable sarcopenia, and T2DM duration from 5 to 10 years increased the odds of confirmed sarcopenia. The results support the importance of frequently monitoring the musculoskeletal mass and strength of individuals with T2DM to prevent sarcopenia and related outcomes.

Resumen: La sarcopenia (pérdida de masa muscular, fuerza y función muscular esquelética) aumenta la mortalidad y el riesgo de hospitalización en ancianos. Los ancianos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) presentan un mayor riesgo de sufrir dinapenia y sarcopenia, pero pocos estudios han investigado poblaciones de mediana edad. El objetivo fue investigar si la DMT2, su duración, la presencia de albuminuria y el control glucémico están asociados con la sarcopenia y sus componentes en adultos. Análisis transversal basado en los datos de la visita 2 del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud del Adulto en Brasil (2012-2014). Se utilizaron los criterios del European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People [Grupo de Trabajo Europeo sobre Sarcopenia en Personas Mayores] del 2018 para definir dinapenia, baja masa muscular apendicular y sarcopenia (ausente/probable/confirmada). Las variables explicativas fueron las siguientes: DMT2; duración de la DMT2; DMT2 según la presencia de albuminuria; y control glucémico (HbA1c < 7%) entre personas con DMT2. Se incluyeron 12.132 participantes (edad media = 55,5, DE: 8,9 años). La razón de probabilidades de masa muscular apendicular baja fue mayor entre personas con DMT2, duración de la DMT2 entre 5 y 10 años y DMT2 sin albuminuria. Las probabilidades de dinapenia fueron mayores entre las personas con DMT2, duración de la DMT2 > 10 años y DMT2 con y sin albuminuria. Las condiciones de DMT2, DMT2 ≥ 10 años y DMT2 con albuminuria aumentaron las probabilidades de sarcopenia probable y la duración de la DMT2 entre 5 y 10 años las probabilidades de sarcopenia confirmada. Los resultados refuerzan la importancia del monitoreo frecuente de la masa y de la fuerza musculoesquelética en individuos con DMT2 para prevenir la sarcopenia y los desenlaces relacionados.

Resumo: A sarcopenia (perda de massa muscular, força e função muscular esquelética) aumenta a mortalidade e o risco de hospitalização em idosos. Idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) apresentam risco elevado de desenvolver dinapenia e sarcopenia, mas poucos estudos investigaram populações de meia-idade. O objetivo foi investigar se DMT2, sua duração, a presença de albuminúria e o controle glicêmico estão associados à sarcopenia e seus componentes em adultos. Análise transversal baseada nos dados da segunda visita do Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (2012-2014). Os critérios do European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People [Grupo de Trabalho Europeu sobre Sarcopenia em Pessoas Idosas] de 2018 foram usados para definir dinapenia, baixa massa muscular apendicular e sarcopenia (ausente/provável/confirmada). As variáveis explicativas foram: DMT2; duração do DMT2; DMT2 de acordo com a presença de albuminúria; e controle glicêmico (HbA1c < 7%) entre pessoas com DMT2. Foram incluídos 12.132 participantes (idade média de 55,5; DP: 8,9 anos). A razão de chances para baixa massa muscular apendicular foi maior entre pessoas com DMT2, duração do DMT2 entre 5 e 10 anos e DMT2 sem albuminúria. As chances de dinapenia foram maiores entre pessoas com DMT2, duração do DMT2 > 10 anos e DMT2 com e sem albuminúria. DMT2, DMT2 ≥ 10 anos e DMT2 com albuminúria aumentaram as chances de sarcopenia provável e duração do DMT2 entre 5 e 10 anos aumentaram as chances de sarcopenia confirmada. Os resultados reforçam a importância do monitoramento frequente da massa e da força muscular em indivíduos com DMT2 para prevenir a sarcopenia e desfechos relacionados.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xen081223

Producción del territorio y del hábitat rural: tensiones y disputas en el Sur global
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Mandrini, María Rosa

; Cejas, Noelia

; Garay, Ana

; Sesma, María Inés

; Bocco, Romina María

Trabajo y sociedad

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jul 2023, Volume 24 N. 41 Pages 3 - 6

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay
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von Seehausen, Mariana Pujól

; Oliveira, Maria Inês Couto de

; Leal, Maria do Carmo

; Domingues, Rosa Maria Soares Madeira

; Boccolini, Cristiano Siqueira

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 57 elocation 28

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding during maternity hospital stay (outcome) and to analyze the association between delivery in a Baby-Friendly Hospital (BFH) and the outcome. The hypothesis is that accreditation to this program improves exclusive breastfeeding during maternity hospital stay. Exclusive breastfeeding is essential in reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality. METHODS This study is based on secondary data collected by the “Birth in Brazil: National Survey into Labour and Birth”, a population-based study, conducted with 21,086 postpartum women, from February 1, 2011, to October 31, 2012, in 266 hospitals from all five Brazilian regions. Face-to-face interviews were conducted mostly within the first 24 hours after birth, regarding individual and gestational characteristics, prenatal care, delivery, newborn’s characteristics, and breastfeeding at birth. A theoretical model was created, allocating the exposure variables in three levels based on their proximity to the outcome. This hierarchical conceptual model was applied to perform a multiple logistic regression (with 95%CI and p < 0.05). RESULTS In this study, 76.0% of the babies were exclusively breastfed from birth until the interview. Babies born in public (AOR = 1.73; 95%CI: 1.10–2.87), mixed (AOR = 2.48; 95%CI: 1.35–4.53) and private (AOR = 5.54; 95%CI: 2.38–12.45) BFHs were more likely to be exclusively breastfed during maternity hospital stay than those born in non–BFHs, as well as those born by vaginal birth (AOR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.79–2.61), with adolescent mothers (AOR = 1.83; 95%CI: 1.47–2.26) or adults up to 34 years old (AOR =1 .31; 95%CI: 1.13–1.52), primiparous women (AOR = 1.51; 95%CI: 1.34–1.70), and mothers living in the Northern region of Brazil (AOR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.14–3.49). CONCLUSIONS The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative promotes exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay regarding individual and hospital differences.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004283

Geospatialization of tuberculosis and income transfer programs among Indigenous peoples in an endemic territory
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Lima, Ingrid Bentes

; Nogueira, Laura Maria Vidal

; Trindade, Lidiane de Nazaré Mota

; Rodrigues, Ivaneide Leal Ataide

; André, Suzana Rosa

; Sousa, Ana Inês

Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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2023, Volume 76 Suppl. 2 elocation e20220216

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o padrão espacial de tuberculose em indígenas do Pará e sua correlação com transferência de renda. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com 340 casos notificados em indígenas no Pará/Brasil, no período 2016-2020. Realizou-se análise descritiva e cálculo das taxas de incidência com suavização pelo método bayesiano empírico local. Fez-se autocorrelação das taxas com dados de transferência de renda pelo Moran Global, p<0,05. Resultados: As mesorregiões Marajó e Metropolitana de Belém apresentaram as taxas de tuberculose mais elevadas e reduzido número de pessoas beneficiadas com transferência de renda (correlação alto-baixo). No Sudoeste, identificaram se taxas elevadas e número significativo de pessoas beneficiadas com os auxílios financeiros (correlação alto alto), I=0,399, p=0,027. Conclusões: A autocorrelação espacial entre tuberculose e acesso a programas de transferência de renda constitui importante subsídio para formulação de políticas de proteção social, podendo impactar as ações de controle da doença nos territórios indígenas, valorizando a heterogeneidade epidemiológica identificada nas mesorregiões.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial pattern of tuberculosis in Indigenous peoples from the State of Pará and its correlation with income transfer. Methods: Ecological study, with 340 cases reported in Indigenous peoples in the State of Pará, Brazil, in the period 2016-2020. The study performed a descriptive analysis and calculation of incidence rates with smoothing by the local empirical Bayesian method. The Global Moran index assessed the autocorrelation of the rates with income transfer data, p<0,05. Results: The Marajó and metropolitan mesoregions of Belém had the highest tuberculosis rates, and a reduced number of people benefited from income transfer (high-low correlation). The study identified high rates, and a significant number of people benefited from financial aid (high correlation high), I=0.399, p=0.027 in the Southwest. Conclusions: The spatial autocorrelation between tuberculosis and access to income transfer programs constitutes a relevant subsidy for the formulation of social protection policies and may impact the disease control actions in Indigenous territories, valuing the epidemiological heterogeneity identified in the mesoregions.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar patrón espacial de tuberculosis en indígenas de Pará y su correlación con transferencia de renta. Métodos: Estudio ecológico, con 340 casos notificados en indígenas en Pará/Brasil, entre 2016-2020. Realizado análisis descriptivo y cálculo de tasas de incidencia con moderación por el método bayesiano empírico local. Hecho autocorrelación de tasas con datos de transferencia de renta por Moran Global, p<0,05. Resultados: Las mesorregiones Marajó y Metropolitana de Belém presentaron las tasas de tuberculosis mayores y reducido número de personas beneficiadas con transferencia de renta (correlación alto-bajo). En el Sudoeste, identificaron tasas elevadas y número significativo de personas beneficiadas con auxilios financieros (correlación alto-alto), I=0,399, p=0,027. Conclusiones: La autocorrelación espacial entre tuberculosis y acceso a programas de transferencia de renta constituye importante subsidio para formulación de políticas de protección social, pudiendo impactar las acciones de control de la enfermedad en territorios indígenas, valorizando la heterogeneidad epidemiológica identificada en las mesorregiones.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0216

Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay
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von Seehausen, Mariana Pujól

; Oliveira, Maria Inês Couto de

; Leal, Maria do Carmo

; Domingues, Rosa Maria Soares Madeira

; Boccolini, Cristiano Siqueira

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 57 elocation 28

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004283

Epidemiological profile of congenital hypothyroidism at a southern Brazilian state
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Boff, Márcia Inês

; Kopacek, Cristiane

; Souza, Vandrea Carla de

; Ribeiro, Sabliny Carreiro

; Kreisner, Edmundo

; Vargas, Paula Regla

; Mastella, Livia Silveira

; Madi, José Mauro

; Castro, Simone Martins de

; Rahmi, Rosa Maria

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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2023, Volume 67 N. 4 elocation e000606

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) over a 10-year period at the Reference Service in Neonatal Screening of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RSNS-RS). Subjects and methods: Historical cohort study including all newborns screened for CH by the RSNS-RS from January 2008 until December 2017. Data of all newborns with neonatal TSH (neoTSH; heel prick test) values ≥ 9 mIU/L were collected. According to neoTSH values, the newborns were allocated into two groups: Group 1 (G1), comprising newborns with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and serum TSH (sTSH) < 10 mIU/L, and Group 2 (G2), comprising those with neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L and sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L. Results: Of 1,043,565 newborns screened, 829 (0.08%) had neoTSH values ≥ 9 mIU/L. Of these, 284 (39.3%) had sTSH values < 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G1 group, while 439 (60.7%) had sTSH ≥ 10 mIU/L and were allocated to the G2 group, and 106 (12.7%) were considered missing data. The overall incidence of CH was 42.1 per 100,000 newborns screened (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.5-45.7/100,000) or 1:2377 screened newborns. The sensibility and specificity of neoTSH ≥ 9 mIU/L were 97% and 11%; of neoTSH 12.6 mUI/L, 73% and 85% respectively. Conclusion: In this population, the incidence of permanent and transitory CH was 1:2377 screened newborns. The neoTSH cutoff value adopted during the study period showed excellent sensibility, which matters for a screening test.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000606

Biomarkers of neuropsychiatric dysfunction in intensive care unit survivors: a prospective cohort study
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Rocha, Franciani Rodrigues da

; Gonçalves, Renata Casagrande

; Prestes, Gabriele da Silveira

; Damásio, Danusa

; Goulart, Amanda Indalécio

; Vieira, Andriele Aparecida da Silva

; Michels, Monique

; Rosa, Maria Inês da

; Ritter, Cristiane

; Dal-Pizzol, Felipe

Critical Care Science

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2023, Volume 35 N. 2 Pages 147 - 155

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess factors associated with long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes, including biomarkers measured after discharge from the intensive care unit. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed with 65 intensive care unit survivors. The cognitive evaluation was performed through the Mini-Mental State Examination, the symptoms of anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and posttraumatic stress disorder was evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale-6. Plasma levels of amyloid-beta (1-42) [Aβ (1-42)], Aβ (1-40), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-6, IL-33, IL-4, IL-5, tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured at intensive care unit discharge. Results: Of the variables associated with intensive care, only delirium was independently related to the occurrence of long-term cognitive impairment. In addition, higher levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were associated with cognitive dysfunction. Only IL-6 was independently associated with depression. Mechanical ventilation, IL-33 levels, and C-reactive protein levels were independently associated with anxiety. No variables were independently associated with posttraumatic stress disorder. Conclusion: Cognitive dysfunction, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder, are present in patients who survive a critical illness, and some of these outcomes are associated with the levels of inflammatory biomarkers measured at discharge from the intensive care unit.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores associados aos desfechos neuropsiquiátricos de longo prazo, incluindo biomarcadores, medidos após a alta da unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte prospectivo com 65 sobreviventes de unidades de terapia intensiva. A avaliação cognitiva foi realizada por meio do Miniexame do Estado Mental; os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foram avaliados por meio da Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão, e o transtorno de estresse pós-traumático foi avaliado pela Escala de Impacto do Evento-6. Os níveis plasmáticos de beta amiloide (1-42), beta amiloide (1-40), interleucina 10, interleucina 6, interleucina 33, interleucina 4, interleucina 5, fator de necrose tumoral alfa, proteína C-reativa e fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro foram medidos na alta da unidade de terapia intensiva. Resultados: Das variáveis associadas à terapia intensiva, apenas o delirium foi relacionado de forma independente à ocorrência de comprometimento cognitivo de longo prazo. Além disso, níveis mais altos de interleucina 10 e interleucina 6 foram associados à disfunção cognitiva. Apenas a interleucina 6 foi associada de forma independente à depressão. A ventilação mecânica, os níveis de interleucina 33 e os níveis de proteína C-reativa foram associados de forma independente à ansiedade. Nenhuma variável foi associada de forma independente ao transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. Conclusão: A disfunção cognitiva, bem como os sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, estão presentes em pacientes que sobrevivem a uma doença grave, e alguns desses desfechos estão associados aos níveis de biomarcadores inflamatórios medidos na alta da unidade de terapia intensiva.

https://doi.org/10.5935/2965-2774.20230422-en

MOTHERHOOD: CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE BIOLOGICAL AND THE SOCIAL DIMENSIONS - WHAT DOES THE BRAZILIAN ACADEMIC PRODUCTION TELL?
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Paz, Laíssa

; Petrucci-Rosa, Maria Inês

Ensaio Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (Belo Horizonte)

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2023, Volume 25 elocation e42101

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: This bibliographical review presents a set of research about motherhood as a constructed social practice, the deterministic discourse of biology, and how it emerges in the training of biologists and teachers. The focus is on the Brazilian academic productions about this subject and its related aspects. About the methodological approach, the papers were raised from CAPES Portal in searches directed by descriptors previously defined. A set of 23 papers were found, and their analysis resulted in 3 thematic categories: 1. What is a mother?; 2. Breastfeeding; 3. What is a woman? - the biological discourse on stage. The results demonstrate the scarce discussion on specific topics. In general terms, discourses that speak directly about biological characteristics in women corroborate with the social place intended for them, over time, gave way to other sexist discourses, however masking under scientific neutrality. Within the production of scientific knowledge, it is evident that the purpose is to justify stereotypes in female and male bodies ways and, consequently, inequalities.

RESUMEN: Esta revisión bibliográfica presenta un conjunto de investigaciones sobre la maternidad como una práctica social construida, el discurso determinista de la biología y cómo emerge en la formación de los biólogos y profesores. El foco son las producciones académicas brasileñas sobre este tema y los aspectos relacionados. En relación con el enfoque metodológico, se recolectaron los artículos en el Portal CAPES en búsquedas dirigidas por descriptores previamente definidos. Se encontró un conjunto de veintitrés artículos y su análisis resultó en tres categorías temáticas: 1. ¿Qué es una madre?; 2. Amamantamiento; 3. ¿Qué es una mujer? - el discurso biológico en escena. Los resultados demuestran la escasa discusión sobre temas específicos. Por lo general, los discursos que hablan directamente sobre las características biológicas en las mujeres confirman el lugar social que les atribuye la sociedad, a lo largo del tiempo, dieron paso a otros discursos sexitas, sin embargo ocultados por la neutralidad científica. En la producción del conocimiento científico, se evidencia el propósito de justificar los estereotipos en los modos de los cuerpos femenino y masculino y, consecuentemente, las desigualdades.

RESUMO: Esta revisão bibliográfica apresenta um conjunto de pesquisas sobre a maternidade como prática social construída, o discurso determinista da biologia e como emerge na formação de biólogos e professores. O foco está nas produções acadêmicas brasileiras sobre esse tema e seus aspectos relacionados. Quanto à abordagem metodológica, os artigos foram levantados do Portal CAPES em buscas direcionadas por descritores previamente definidos. Foi encontrado um conjunto de 23 artigos e sua análise resultou em 3 categorias temáticas: 1. O que é mãe?; 2. Amamentação; 3. O que é uma mulher? - o discurso biológico em cena. Os resultados demonstram a escassa discussão sobre temas específicos. Em linhas gerais, os discursos que falam diretamente sobre as características biológicas nas mulheres corroboram com o lugar social que lhes é destinado, ao longo do tempo, deram lugar a outros discursos sexistas, porém, mascarados sob a neutralidade científica. Na produção do conhecimento científico, fica evidente o propósito de justificar os estereótipos nos modos dos corpos feminino e masculino e, consequentemente, as desigualdades.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21172022240163

O que mudou entre os períodos de pico e de platô durante a primeira onda do SARS-CoV-2? Estudo multicêntrico português em unidades de cuidados intensivos
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Pereira, Rui Antunes

; Sousa, Marta

; Cidade, José Pedro

; Melo, Luís

; Lopes, Diogo

; Ventura, Sara

; Aragão, Irene

; Lima Neto, Raul Miguel de Freitas

; Molinos, Elena

; Marques, Ana

; Cardoso, Nelson

; Marino, Flávio

; Monteiro, Filipa Brás

; Oliveira, Ana Pinho

; Silva, Rogério C

; Real, André Miguel Neto

; Banheiro, Bruno Sarmento

; Reis, Renato

; Adão-Serrano, Maria

; Cracium, Ana

; Valadas, Ana

; Ribeiro, João Miguel

; Póvoa, Pedro

; Tapadinhas, Camila

; Mendes, Vítor

; Coelho, Luís

; Maia, Raquel

; Freitas, Paulo Telles

; Ferreira, Isabel Amorim

; Ramires, Tiago

; Val-Flores, Luís Silva

; Cascão, Mariana

; Alves, Rita

; Rodeia, Simão C

; Barrigoto, Cleide

; Cardiga, Rosa

; Silva, Maria João Ferreira da

; Vale, Bruno

; Fonseca, Tatiana

; Rios, Ana Lúcia

; Camões, João

; Pérez, Danay

; Cabral, Susana

; Ribeiro, Maria Inês

; Mendes, João João

; Gouveia, João

; Fernandes, Susana Mendes

Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva

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dec 2022, Volume 34 N. 4 Pages 433 - 442

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze and compare COVID-19 patient characteristics, clinical management and outcomes between the peak and plateau periods of the first pandemic wave in Portugal. Methods: This was a multicentric ambispective cohort study including consecutive severe COVID-19 patients between March and August 2020 from 16 Portuguese intensive care units. The peak and plateau periods, respectively, weeks 10 - 16 and 17 - 34, were defined. Results: Five hundred forty-one adult patients with a median age of 65 [57 - 74] years, mostly male (71.2%), were included. There were no significant differences in median age (p = 0.3), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (40 versus 39; p = 0.8), partial arterial oxygen pressure/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (139 versus 136; p = 0.6), antibiotic therapy (57% versus 64%; p = 0.2) at admission, or 28-day mortality (24.4% versus 22.8%; p = 0.7) between the peak and plateau periods. During the peak period, patients had fewer comorbidities (1 [0 - 3] versus 2 [0 - 5]; p = 0.002) and presented a higher use of vasopressors (47% versus 36%; p < 0.001) and invasive mechanical ventilation (58.1 versus 49.2%; p < 0.001) at admission, prone positioning (45% versus 36%; p = 0.04), and hydroxychloroquine (59% versus 10%; p < 0.001) and lopinavir/ritonavir (41% versus 10%; p < 0.001) prescriptions. However, a greater use of high-flow nasal cannulas (5% versus 16%, p < 0.001) on admission, remdesivir (0.3% versus 15%; p < 0.001) and corticosteroid (29% versus 52%, p < 0.001) therapy, and a shorter ICU length of stay (12 days versus 8, p < 0.001) were observed during the plateau. Conclusion: There were significant changes in patient comorbidities, intensive care unit therapies and length of stay between the peak and plateau periods of the first COVID-19 wave.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar e comparar as características de pacientes críticos com a COVID-19, a abordagem clínica e os resultados entre os períodos de pico e de platô na primeira onda pandêmica em Portugal. Métodos: Este foi um estudo de coorte multicêntrico ambispectivo, que incluiu pacientes consecutivos com a forma grave da COVID-19 entre março e agosto de 2020 de 16 unidades de terapia intensiva portuguesas. Definiram-se as semanas 10 - 16 e 17 - 34 como os períodos de pico e platô. Resultados: Incluíram-se 541 pacientes adultos com mediana de idade de 65 [57 - 74] anos, a maioria do sexo masculino (71,2%). Não houve diferenças significativas na mediana de idade (p = 0,3), no Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (40 versus 39; p = 0,8), na pressão parcial de oxigênio/fração inspirada de oxigênio (139 versus 136; p = 0,6), na terapia com antibióticos na admissão (57% versus 64%; p = 0,2) ou na mortalidade aos 28 dias (24,4% versus 22,8%; p = 0,7) entre o período de pico e platô. Durante o período de pico, os pacientes tiveram menos comorbidades (1 [0 - 3] versus 2 [0 - 5]; p = 0,002); fizeram mais uso de vasopressores (47% versus 36%; p < 0,001) e ventilação mecânica invasiva na admissão (58,1% versus 49,2%; p < 0,001), e tiveram mais prescrição de hidroxicloroquina (59% versus 10%; p < 0,001), lopinavir/ritonavir (41% versus 10%; p < 0,001) e posição prona (45% versus 36%; p = 0,04). Entretanto, durante o platô, observou-se maior uso de cânulas nasais de alto fluxo (5% versus 16%; p < 0,001) na admissão, remdesivir (0,3% versus 15%; p < 0,001) e corticosteroides (29% versus 52%; p < 0,001), além de menor tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva (12 versus 8 dias; p < 0,001). Conclusão: Houve mudanças significativas nas comorbidades dos pacientes, nos tratamentos da unidade de terapia intensiva e no tempo de internação entre os períodos de pico e platô na primeira onda da COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-507x.20210037-pt

10.

Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy to prevent vitamin D deficiency in newborns: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Colonetti, Tamy

; Paulino, Amabile Scremin

; Sartor, Jaíne Paulina

; Grande, Antonio Jose

; Colonetti, Laura

; Rosa, Maria Inês da

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil

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jun 2022, Volume 22 N. 2 Pages 199 - 211

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da suplementação materna de vitamina D durante a gravidez nos desfechos concentração de vitamina D no recém-nascido, comprimento ao nascer, estado geral de saúde (Apgar), peso ao nascer e concentração de vitamina D materna após o nascimento. Métodos: a pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE e Cochrane Library até dezembro de 2020, utilizando os termos “vitamin D”, “pregnancy”, “vitamin D deficiency”, “infant”, “newborn” e seus sinônimos. Pesquisou-se por ensaios clínicos randomizados avaliando os efeitos da suplementação materna de vitamina D no neonato. Os dados foram analisados pelo software RevMan 5.4 e a avaliação da qualidade das evidências pelo GRADE. Resultados: o estado geral de saúde do recém-nascido foi apresentado como Apgar, com uma diferença de média (DM) de 0,15 (IC95%=0,06-0,25; p=0,002; I2=0%, dois estudos, 648 participantes, evidência de qualidade moderada) para o teste no primeiro minuto e 0,11 (IC95%=0,04-0,17; p=0,001; I2=0%, dois estudos, 648 participantes, evidência de qualidade moderada) para quinto minuto. Efeitos significativos também foram apresentados para o comprimento ao nascer em qualquer dose suplementada (DM=0,19 (IC95%=0,08-0,30; p=0,0010; I2=0%, 1452 participantes, evidência de baixa qualidade) e peso ao nascer em doses maiores que 4000UI/dia (DM=257,05 (IC95%=137,81-376,29; p<0,0001; I2=14%, 176 participantes, evidência de qualidade moderada). Conclusão: a suplementação de vitamina D durante a gravidez melhora a concentração sérica de 25 (OH)D e sugere apresentar efeitos positivos no estado geral de saúde, comprimento ao nascer e peso ao nascer. PROSPERO CRD42017073292.

Abstract Objectives: to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on the outcomes of vitamin D concentration in newborns, length at birth, overall health (Apgar), birth weight and maternal vitamin D concentration after childbirth. Methods: this research was conducted in the electronic databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE and Cochrane Library until December 2020, using the terms “vitamin D”, “pregnancy”, “vitamin D deficiency”, “infant”, “newborn” and their synonyms. Randomized controlled trials were searched by evaluating the effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation in neonates. The data was analyzed on RevMan 5.4 software and the quality of evidence on GRADE. Results: the newborn’s overall health condition was presented as Apgar, with a mean difference (MD) of 0.15 (CI95%=0.06-0.25; p=0.002; I2=0%, two studies, 648 participants, moderate quality evidence) at the first minute and 0.11 (CI95%=0.04-0.17; p=0.001; I2=0%, two studies, 648 participants, moderate quality evidence) at the fifth minute. Significant effects were also presented at the length at birth considering any supplemented dose (MD=0.19; CI95%=0.08-0.30; p=0.0010; I2=0%, 1452 participants, low quality evidence) and birth weight in doses higher than 4000IU/day (MD=257.05 (CI95%=137.81-376.29; p<0.0001; I2=14%, 176 participants, moderate quality evidence). Conclusion: vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy improves serum 25 (OH) D concentration and suggests positive effects on overall health condition, length at birth and birth weight. PROSPERO CRD42017073292.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9304202200020002

11.

Mental health interventions for suicide prevention among indigenous adolescents: a systematic review
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Grande, Antonio Jose

; Elia, Christelle

; Peixoto, Clayton

; Jardim, Paulo de Tarso Coelho

; Dazzan, Paola

; Veras, Andre Barciela

; Cruickshank, John Kennedy

; Rosa, Maria Inês da

; Harding, Seeromanie

Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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jun 2022, Volume 140 N. 3 Pages 486 - 498

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The legacies of colonization and of policies of forced assimilation continue to be a cause of intergenerational trauma, manifested through feelings of marginality, depression, anxiety and confusion, which place indigenous peoples at increased risk of suicide. OBJECTIVES: To assess the quality, content, delivery and effectiveness of interventions for preventing suicides among indigenous adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review conducted with Cochrane methodology, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: The Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published up to February 2021. The following inclusion criteria were used: published in any language; interventions that aimed to prevent suicides among indigenous adolescents; randomized or non-randomized study with a control or comparative group; and validated measurements of mental health problems. RESULTS: Two studies were identified: one on adolescents in the remote Yup’ik community in south-western Alaska, and the other on Zuni adolescents in New Mexico. Both studies showed evidence of effectiveness in interventions for reducing some of the risk factors and increasing some of the protective factors associated with suicide. High levels of community engagement and culture-centeredness were key anchors of both studies, which ensured that the intervention content, delivery and outcome measurements aligned with the beliefs and practices of the communities. Both studies were judged to have a moderate risk of bias, with biases in sample selection, attrition and inadequate reporting of results. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence base is small but signaled the value of culturally appropriate interventions for prevention of suicide among indigenous adolescents. REGISTRATION DETAILS: The study protocol is registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO); no. CRD42019141754.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0292.r1.22102021

12.

Body mass index and gestational weight gain: relevance in gestational diabetes and outcomes - A retrospective cohort study
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Rosinha, Patrícia Mendonça Oliveira

; Dantas, Rosa Alexandra Barbosa

; Alves, Márcia Inês Paiva

; Azevedo, Teresa Cristina Maia Ferreira

; Inácio, Isabel Maria Ramos

; Ferreira, Sara Gabriela Esteves

; Pedrosa, Carla Alexandra Vieira

; Ferreira, Marília Sousa

; Sousa, Isabel Maria Albuquerque

; Costa, Joana Guimarães Martins da

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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apr 2022, Volume 66 N. 2 Pages 261 - 268

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on blood glucose levels at diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and obstetric/neonatal outcomes. Subjects and methods: Retrospective cohort study including 462 women with GDM and singleton pregnancy delivered in our institution between January 2015 and June 2018 and grouped according to BMI/GWG. Results: The diagnosis of GDM was more likely to be established in the 1st trimester (T) in women with obesity than in normal-weight (55.8% vs 53.7%, p = 0.008). BMI positively and significantly correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels in the 1stT (rs = 0.213, p = 0.001) and 2ndT (rs = 0.210, p = 0.001). Excessive GWG occurred in 44.9% women with overweight and in 40.2% with obesity (p < 0.001). From women with obesity, 65.1% required pharmacological treatment (p < 0.001). Gestational hypertension (GH) was more frequent in women with obesity (p = 0.016). During follow-up, 132 cesareans were performed, the majority in mothers with obesity (p = 0.008). Of the 17 large-for-gestational-age (LGA) birthweight delivered, respectively 6 and 9 were offsprings of women with overweight and obesity (p = 0.019). Maternal BMI had a predictive value only for macrosomia [aOR 1.177 (1.006-1.376), p = 0.041]. BMI and GWG positively correlated with birthweight (rs = 0.132, p = 0.005; rs = 0.188, p = 0.005). Conclusion: Maternal obesity is related with a major probability of diagnosis of GDM in 1stT, fasting hyperglycemia in 2ndT and a more frequent need for pharmacological therapy. Pre-gestational obesity is associated with GH, cesarean delivery and fetal macrosomia.

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000463

13.

Pharyngeal bulb prosthesis and speech outcome in patients with cleft palate
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Pegoraro-Krook, Maria Inês

; Rosa, Raquel Rodrigues

; Aferri, Homero C.

; Andrade, Laura Katarine Félix de

; Dutka, Jeniffer de CR.

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology

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apr 2022, Volume 88 N. 2 Pages 187 - 193

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Introdução: Indivíduos com fissura palatina podem apresentar disfunção velofaríngea após a palatoplastia primária e necessitam de um secundário devido à insuficiência velofaríngea. Nesses casos, o obturador faríngeo pode ser usado temporariamente enquanto se aguarda uma cirurgia secundária. Objetivo: Investigar o resultado do tratamento da hipernasalidade com o uso de obturador faríngeo em pacientes com histórico de fissura palatina que apresentam insuficiência velofaríngea após a palatoplastia primária. Nossa hipótese é que o uso do obturador faríngeo seja uma abordagem eficaz para eliminar a hipernasalidade relacionada à insuficiência velofaríngea em pacientes com fissura palatina Método: Participaram do estudo 30 indivíduos falantes do Português Brasileiro (15 homens e 15 mulheres) com fissura palatina operada, de 6 a 14 anos de idade (média: 9 anos; DP = 1,87 anos). Todos os pacientes receberam obturador faríngeo para o tratamento da insuficiência velofaríngea, enquanto aguardavam vaga para a cirurgia secundária. A análise perceptivo-auditiva da fala, realizada nas condições com e sem obturador faríngeo, foi realizada por três ouvintes, quanto à presença e ausência da hipernasalidade. Resultados: 70% dos pacientes eliminaram a hipernasalidade de fala com o uso do obturador faríngeo, enquanto 30% não eliminaram. A comparação foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001). Conclusão: O uso temporário do obturador faríngeo é uma abordagem efetiva para eliminar a hipernasalidade decorrente da insuficiência velofaríngea.

Abstract Introduction: Individuals with cleft palate can present with velopharyngeal dysfunction after primary palatoplasty and require a secondary treatment due to insufficiency. In these cases, the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis can be used temporarily while awaiting secondary surgery. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the outcome of treatment of hypernasality with pharyngeal bulb prosthesis in patients with history of cleft palate presenting with velopharyngeal insufficiency after primary palatal surgery. We hypothesized that the use of the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis is an effective approach to eliminate hypernasality related to velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with cleft palate. Methods: Thirty speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (15 males and 15 females) with operated cleft palate, ages ranging from 6 to 14 years (mean: 9 years; SD = 1.87 years), participated in the study. All patients were fitted with a pharyngeal bulb prosthesis to manage velopharyngeal insufficiency while they were awaiting corrective surgery to be scheduled. Auditory-perceptual analysis of speech recorded in the conditions with and without pharyngeal bulb prosthesis were obtained from three listeners who rated the presence or absence of hypernasality for this study. Results: Seventy percent of the patients eliminated hypernasality while employing the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis, while 30% still presented with hypernasality. The comparison was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis is an effective approach to eliminate hypernasality related to velopharyngeal insufficiency.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2020.05.028

14.

Body mass index and gestational weight gain: relevance in gestational diabetes and outcomes - A retrospective cohort study
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Rosinha, Patrícia Mendonça Oliveira

; Dantas, Rosa Alexandra Barbosa

; Alves, Márcia Inês Paiva

; Azevedo, Teresa Cristina Maia Ferreira

; Inácio, Isabel Maria Ramos

; Ferreira, Sara Gabriela Esteves

; Pedrosa, Carla Alexandra Vieira

; Ferreira, Marília Sousa

; Sousa, Isabel Maria Albuquerque

; Costa, Joana Guimarães Martins da

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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2022, N. ahead

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000463

15.

Fatores associados ao uso inconsistente de preservativo com parceiros comerciais entre homens que fazem sexo com homens no Brasil
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Silva, Jonatan da Rosa Pereira da

; Knauth, Daniela Riva

; Leal, Andréa Fachel

; Magno, Laio

; Dourado, Ines

; Veras, Maria Amelia de Sousa Mascena

; Kerr, Ligia Regina Sansigolo

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 38 N. 11 elocation e00099822

Abstract: En Pt Es | Text: En Pt Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es

We aimed to analyze the factors associated with inconsistent condom use among men who have sex with men (MSM) and their commercial sexual partners in Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study with adult MSM who were recruited via respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in 12 Brazilian capitals in 2016. MSM answered a sociobehavioral questionnaire which included questions on their sexual behavior. The inconsistent use of condoms with their clientele was measured via insertive and receptive anal sex in the six months prior to our research and in their last sexual intercourse. The association between independent variables and the inconsistent use of condoms was measured via a Poisson regression model with robust variance and estimation of adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR). Data from 461 MSM were analyzed. We found a 26% prevalence of inconsistent condom use with their clientele (95%CI: 19.0-34.3, n = 123). Belonging to the lowest economic classes (D/E), having medium or low knowledge about HIV, having practiced insertive and receptive anal sex, and having never tested for HIV throughout their lives were associated with inconsistent use of condoms with their clientele. The variables associated with inconsistent use indicated that commercial sex is practiced in a context of greater vulnerability to HIV infection, referring to the need for biomedical and behavioral interventions which focus on access to and use of prevention strategies together with public policies to reduce socioeconomic inequalities among MSM who practice commercial sexual.

O objetivo foi analisar os fatores associados ao uso inconsistente de preservativo com parceiros comerciais entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) no Brasil. Foi feito um estudo transversal, com HSH adultos, recrutados por meio da técnica respondent-driven sampling (RDS), em 12 capitais brasileiras, em 2016. Os HSH responderam a um questionário sociocomportamental, que incluía questões sobre o comportamento sexual. O uso inconsistente de preservativo com parceiros comerciais foi mensurado por meio das relações sexuais anais insertivas e receptivas, ocorridas nos últimos seis meses e na última relação sexual. A associação entre as variáveis independentes e o uso inconsistente de preservativo foi mensurada utilizando o modelo de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, com estimação de razões de prevalência ajustadas (RPa). Foram analisados dados de 461 HSH. A prevalência de uso inconsistente de preservativo com parceiros comerciais foi de 26% (IC95%: 19,0-34,3, n = 123). Pertencer às classes econômicas mais baixas (D/E), ter médio ou baixo conhecimento sobre HIV, ter praticado sexo anal insertivo e receptivo e nunca ter realizado teste para HIV na vida são fatores que estiveram associados ao uso inconsistente de preservativo com parceiros comerciais. As variáveis associadas ao uso inconsistente indicaram que o sexo comercial está sendo praticado em um contexto de maior vulnerabilidade à infecção pelo HIV. Nesse sentido, são necessárias intervenções biomédicas e comportamentais, com foco no acesso e na utilização de estratégias de prevenção, aliadas a políticas públicas para a redução de desigualdades socioeconômicas entre HSH que praticam sexo comercial.

El objetivo fue analizar los factores asociados al uso inconsistente del preservativo con las parejas comerciales entre los hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) en Brasil. Estudio transversal, con HSH adultos, reclutados a través de la técnica respondent-driven sampling (RDS), en 12 capitales brasileñas, en 2016. Los HSH respondieron a un cuestionario sociocomportamental que incluía preguntas sobre el comportamiento sexual. El uso inconsistente del preservativo con parejas comerciales se midió por las relaciones anales insertivas y receptivas que se produjeron en los últimos seis meses y por la última relación sexual. La asociación entre las variables independientes y el uso inconsistente del preservativo se midió mediante el modelo de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta, con estimación de las razones de prevalencia ajustadas (RPa). Se analizaron los datos de 461 HSH. La prevalencia del uso inconsistente del preservativo con las parejas comerciales fue del 26% (IC95%: 19,0-34,3, n = 123). Pertenecer a las clases económicas más bajas (D/E), tener un conocimiento medio o bajo sobre el VIH, haber practicado sexo anal tanto insertivo como receptivo y no haberse sometido nunca a la prueba del VIH en su vida se asociaron con el uso inconsistente del preservativo con las parejas comerciales. Las variables asociadas al uso inconsistente indicaron que el sexo comercial se está practicando en un contexto de mayor vulnerabilidad a la infección por el VIH, refiriendo la necesidad de intervenciones biomédicas y conductuales, con un enfoque en el acceso y uso de estrategias de prevención, junto con políticas públicas para reducir las desigualdades socioeconómicas entre los HSH que practican el sexo comercial.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xpt099822

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