Abstract Soil microbiome influences plant growth and development. Moreover, crop co-cultivation practices have positive impacts on soil microbiome and function. In this study, soil microbiome from an almond field was collected to evaluate its effect on the growth of almond rootstock seedlings planted in pots with or without co-cultivation with Medicago truncatula. Four treatments were established: without legume and without microbiome (A); with legume and without microbiome (B); without legume and with microbiome (C) and with legume and with microbiome (D). After six weeks, no significant differences in culturable bacteria density in bulk soil or rhizospheric soil were found among treatments. Evapotranspiration rate per pot and day and plant growth, measured as increase in plant height per day, showed a similar tendency, with higher values found in non-inoculated plants in the first week of treatment, while, inoculated plants showed the highest values at the end of the experiment. M. truncatula co-cultivation increased pot evapotranspiration only in non-inoculated plants. Taken together these results suggest that the soil microbiome had a specific beneficial effect on the almond rootstock which could have negatively influenced the performance of M. truncatula.

Resumen El microbioma del suelo influye en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. Además, las prácticas de co-cultivo tienen impactos positivos en el microbioma del suelo y su función. En este trabajo, se recogió el microbioma del suelo de un campo de almendros para evaluar su efecto en el crecimiento del patrón de almendro GF-677 en macetas con o sin co-cultivo con Medicago truncatula. Se establecieron cuatro tratamientos: sin leguminosa y sin microbioma (A); con leguminosa y sin microbioma (B); sin leguminosa y con microbioma (C) y con leguminosa y con microbioma (D). Después de seis semanas, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la densidad de bacterias cultivables en el suelo rizosférico y no rizosférico entre tratamientos. La tasa de evapotranspiración por maceta y día y el crecimiento de la planta fueron similares, con valores más altos inicialmente en plantas no inoculadas, mientras que, las inoculadas mostraron valores más altos al final del experimento. El co-cultivo con leguminosa aumentó la evapotranspiración en maceta sólo en plantas no inoculadas. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que el microbioma tuvo un efecto beneficioso específico en el patrón de almendro. mientras que podría haber influido negativamente en el rendimiento de M. truncatula.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A probable association has been described between the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and the increased risk of ischemic heart disease. Objective: To determine the possible association between the presence of acute coronary syndrome and decreased bone mineral density, as well as the relationship of both conditions with some cardiovascular risk factors and variables of the reproductive sphere in women during the climacteric stage. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with 72 women (34 with acute coronary syndrome and 38 without acute coronary syndrome), who were selected from databases of the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. Bone mineral density was determined by dual lumbar spine X-ray absorptiometry. The chi-square and Mann Whitney U tests allowed to evaluate the possible relationship between variables. Results: 55.9% of the patients with acute coronary syndrome and 60.5% of the women without acute coronary syndrome had decreased bone mineral density. Among women with decreased bone mineral density (n=42), 81% had abdominal obesity, 78.6% had dyslipoproteinemia, 83.3% had arterial hypertension, and 76.2% had a family history of ischemic heart disease. Conclusions: In the women in the climacteric stage studied, no association was shown between the presence of acute coronary syndrome and decreased bone mineral density. There was no relationship either between the presence of acute coronary syndrome and decreased bone mineral density with cardiovascular risk factors, or with variables in the reproductive sphere.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se ha descrito una probable asociación entre la presencia de osteopenia/osteoporosis y el riesgo incrementado de cardiopatía isquémica. Objetivo: Determinar la posible asociación entre la presencia de síndrome coronario agudo y la densidad mineral ósea disminuida, así como la relación de ambas condiciones con algunos factores de riesgo cardiovascular y variables de la esfera reproductiva en mujeres en etapa de climaterio. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo con 72 mujeres (34 con síndrome coronario agudo y 38 sin síndrome coronario agudo), que fueron seleccionadas de bases de datos del Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. La densidad mineral ósea se determinó mediante absorciometría dual de rayos X en columna lumbar. Las pruebas Chi cuadrado y U de Mann Whitney permitieron evaluar la posible relación entre variables. Resultados: El 55,9 % de las pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo y el 60,5 % de las mujeres sin síndrome coronario agudo tenían densidad mineral ósea disminuida. En las mujeres con densidad mineral ósea disminuida (n=42): 81 % presentaron obesidad abdominal, 78,6 % dislipoproteinemia, 83,3 % hipertensión arterial y 76,2 % refirieron el antecedente familiar de cardiopatía isquémica. Conclusiones: En las mujeres en etapa de climaterio estudiadas no se demostró asociación entre la presencia de síndrome coronario agudo y la densidad mineral ósea disminuida. Tampoco existió relación entre la presencia de síndrome coronario agudo y la densidad mineral ósea disminuida con factores de riesgo cardiovascular, ni con las variables de la esfera reproductiva.

RESUMEN Se recolectaron frutos directamente del suelo de Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton Rose (Fabaceae) en la región de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Los insectos emergidos fueron identificados como Stator aegrotus (Sharp, 1885) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), y dado que esta planta no se había registrado como hospedero para esta especie de brúquido, constituye el primer registro de asociación para ambas especies. El daño causado a las semillas alcanzó un 35.4%, siendo el consumo de tejidos seminales de 0.04530 g, que representa un 55.63% del peso de una semilla. En la evaluación fisiológica de las semillas se constató que el 100% de las semillas dañadas no germinaron.

ABSTRACT Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton Rose (Fabaceae) fruits were collected directly from the soil in the Sinop region, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The emerged insects were identified as Stator aegrotus (Sharp, 1885) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), and since this plant had not been registered as a host for this species of bruchid, this constitutes the first association record for both species. The damage caused to the seeds reached 35.4%, with the consumption of seminal tissues of 0.04530 g, which represents 55.63% of the weight of a seed. In the physiological evaluation of the seeds, it was found that 100% of the damaged seeds did not germinate.

ABSTRACT The legume Enterolobium schomburgkii, Benth. (Benthan, 1844) (Fabaceae), is endemic to Amazonia and has a wide geographical distribution in the Neotropical area. It is a timber species of great economic importance. The objective of the present study was to identify the insect associated with the seeds of the plant, and quantify it, and evaluate the effect of the damage caused on the physiological quality of the seeds collected in urban forests in the city of Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The insect was identified as Mimosestes enterolobii Kingsolver & Johnson (1978). The seed predation rate was 8.07% and the substrate consumption 0.61 g equivalent to 93.35% of the seed weight. Despite registering low percentage of damage to seeds (8.07%), the substrate consumption (cotiledons and seed embryo) was high (93.35%), which significantly affected the physiological quality and germination capacity of the seed.

RESUMEN La leguminosa Enterolobium schomburgkii Benth. (Benthan, 1844) (Fabaceae), es endémica de Amazonia y posee amplia distribución geográfica en el área Neotropical. Se trata de una especie maderable de gran importancia económica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar al insecto asociado a las semillas de la planta, y cuantificar y evaluar el efecto del daño provocado sobre la calidad fisiológica de las semillas recogidas en bosques urbanos en la ciudad de Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brasil. El insecto se identificó como Mimosestes enterolobii Kingsolver & Johnson (1978). La tasa de depredación de las semillas fue de 8.07% y el consumo de sustrato fue de 0.61 g, equivalente al 93.35% del peso de las semillas. A pesar de registrarse bajo porcentaje de daños en semillas (8.07%), el consumo del sustrato (cotiledones y embrión de la semilla) fue alto (93.35%), lo cual afectó significativamente la calidad fisiológica y capacidad de germinación de la semilla.

Objetivo: analisar a progressão de estudantes na aquisição de competências específicas e transversais em relação às dimensões de competência. Método: este estudo transversal descritivo foi realizado no contexto das disciplinas de prática clínica do curso de enfermagem. O desenvolvimento de competências de 323 alunos foi analisado usando um questionário ad-hoc com quatro dimensões: provisão e gerenciamento do cuidado; comunicação terapêutica; desenvolvimento profissional; e gerenciamento do cuidado. Resultados: os resultados acadêmicos obtidos no segundo e terceiro anos apresentaram melhora nas habilidades referentes à provisão do cuidado e comunicação terapêutica (Práticas Clínicas I: 12%-29%; Práticas Clínicas II: 32%-47%) e uma piora no desenvolvimento profissional e gerenciamento do cuidado (Práticas Clínicas I: 44%-38%; Práticas Clínicas II: 44%-26%). Conclusão: as correlações entre estes dois anos foram altas em todas as dimensões analisadas. A avaliação da progressão de competências no contexto da prática clínica do curso de enfermagem nos permite otimizar estas práticas ao máximo e estabelecer perfis profissionais com maior grau de adaptação para o futuro profissional.

Objective: to analyze the student’s progression in the acquisition of specific and transversal competences in relation to the competence dimensions. Method: the cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the clinical practice subjects included in the Nursing Degree. We included 323 students and we contemplated the development of competences through an ad-hoc questionnaire with 4 dimensions: delivery and care management, therapeutic communication, professional development and care management. Results: the academic results between the practice of the second and third year showed an improvement in care provision and therapeutic communication skills (Clinical Placements I: 12%-29%; Clinical Placements II: 32%-47%) and worsened in professional development and care management (Clinical Placements I: 44%-38%; Clinical Placements II: 44%-26%). Conclusion: the correlations between these two years were high in all the dimensions analyzed. The evaluation of competence progression in the context of clinical practice in nursing university studies allows us to optimize these practices to the maximum and establish professional profiles with a greater degree of adaptation to the professional future.

Objetivo: analizar la progresión del alumno en la adquisición de competencias específicas y transversales en relación con las dimensiones de competencia. Método: el estudio descriptivo transversal se realizó en los sujetos de práctica clínica incluidos en la licenciatura de Enfermería. Incluimos 323 estudiantes y contemplamos el desarrollo de competencias a través de un cuestionario ad hoc con 4 dimensiones: suministro y gestión del cuidado; comunicación terapéutica; desarrollo profesional; y, gestión del cuidado. Resultados: los resultados académicos entre la práctica del segundo y tercer año mostraron una mejora en la provisión del cuidado y en las habilidades de comunicación terapéutica: (Colocaciones clínicas I: 12% -29%; Colocaciones clínicas II: 32% -47%) y empeoraron en el desarrollo profesional y en la gestión del cuidado (Colocaciones clínicas I: 44%-38%; Colocaciones clínicas II: 44%-26%). Conclusión: las correlaciones entre estos dos años fueron altas en todas las dimensiones analizadas. La evaluación de la progresión de competencias, en el contexto de la práctica clínica, en los estudios universitarios de enfermería, nos permite optimizar estas prácticas al máximo y establecer perfiles profesionales con un mayor grado de adaptación al futuro profesional.

Objective: to analyze the student’s progression in the acquisition of specific and transversal competences in relation to the competence dimensions. Method: the cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the clinical practice subjects included in the Nursing Degree. We included 323 students and we contemplated the development of competences through an ad-hoc questionnaire with 4 dimensions: delivery and care management, therapeutic communication, professional development and care management. Results: the academic results between the practice of the second and third year showed an improvement in care provision and therapeutic communication skills (Clinical Placements I: 12%-29%; Clinical Placements II: 32%-47%) and worsened in professional development and care management (Clinical Placements I: 44%-38%; Clinical Placements II: 44%-26%). Conclusion: the correlations between these two years were high in all the dimensions analyzed. The evaluation of competence progression in the context of clinical practice in nursing university studies allows us to optimize these practices to the maximum and establish professional profiles with a greater degree of adaptation to the professional future.

Objetivo: analizar la progresión del alumno en la adquisición de competencias específicas y transversales en relación con las dimensiones de competencia. Método: el estudio descriptivo transversal se realizó en los sujetos de práctica clínica incluidos en la licenciatura de Enfermería. Incluimos 323 estudiantes y contemplamos el desarrollo de competencias a través de un cuestionario ad hoc con 4 dimensiones: suministro y gestión del cuidado; comunicación terapéutica; desarrollo profesional; y, gestión del cuidado. Resultados: los resultados académicos entre la práctica del segundo y tercer año mostraron una mejora en la provisión del cuidado y en las habilidades de comunicación terapéutica: (Colocaciones clínicas I: 12% -29%; Colocaciones clínicas II: 32% -47%) y empeoraron en el desarrollo profesional y en la gestión del cuidado (Colocaciones clínicas I: 44%-38%; Colocaciones clínicas II: 44%-26%). Conclusión: las correlaciones entre estos dos años fueron altas en todas las dimensiones analizadas. La evaluación de la progresión de competencias, en el contexto de la práctica clínica, en los estudios universitarios de enfermería, nos permite optimizar estas prácticas al máximo y establecer perfiles profesionales con un mayor grado de adaptación al futuro profesional.

Objetivo: analisar a progressão de estudantes na aquisição de competências específicas e transversais em relação às dimensões de competência. Método: este estudo transversal descritivo foi realizado no contexto das disciplinas de prática clínica do curso de enfermagem. O desenvolvimento de competências de 323 alunos foi analisado usando um questionário ad-hoc com quatro dimensões: provisão e gerenciamento do cuidado; comunicação terapêutica; desenvolvimento profissional; e gerenciamento do cuidado. Resultados: os resultados acadêmicos obtidos no segundo e terceiro anos apresentaram melhora nas habilidades referentes à provisão do cuidado e comunicação terapêutica (Práticas Clínicas I: 12%-29%; Práticas Clínicas II: 32%-47%) e uma piora no desenvolvimento profissional e gerenciamento do cuidado (Práticas Clínicas I: 44%-38%; Práticas Clínicas II: 44%-26%). Conclusão: as correlações entre estes dois anos foram altas em todas as dimensões analisadas. A avaliação da progressão de competências no contexto da prática clínica do curso de enfermagem nos permite otimizar estas práticas ao máximo e estabelecer perfis profissionais com maior grau de adaptação para o futuro profissional.

ABSTRACT The present work describes the application of Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI) to four stations located in Luyanó river, Havana, Cuba. The river was evaluated from december 2010 to november 2017. CCMEWQI was applied using six parameters of water quality (pH value, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total coliforms and fecal coliforms). The index value was 14 which suggests that the river has a poor quality due to the effect of different pollution sources.

RESUMEN Este trabajo describe la aplicación del Índice de Calidad del Agua del Concilio Canadiense de Ministerios del Medioambiente (CCMEWQI) para cuatro estaciones situadas en el río Luyanó, La Habana, Cuba. El río fue evaluado desde diciembre del 2010 hasta noviembre del 2017. El CCMEWQI fue aplicado a seis parámetros de calidad de agua (pH, oxígeno disuelto, demanda bioquímica de oxígeno, demanda química de oxígeno, coliformes totales y coliformes fecales). El índice tuvo un valor de 14, que indica que el río tiene una pobre calidad debido al efecto de diversas fuentes de contaminación.

ABSTRACT: The objective was to determine whether leaf pigments are good indicators of the nutrient status of N, P and K in bean plants. Three independent studies were conducted; in the first, N was applied to the nutrient solution in the form of NH4N03 in increasing doses from 0 to 24.0 mM N. In the second experiment, P was applied in H3P04 form in increasing doses from 0 to 8.0 mM P, and in the third experiment, K was applied in KS04 form in increasing doses from 0 to 16.0 mM K. The parameters analyzed in leaf tissue were: concentration of N, P and K, biomass, concentration of foliar pigments and their ratios. The results indícate that N application favored the accumulation of chlorophyll a, b and carotenes, presenting the maximum concentration at the 18 mM dose; in the same way, the P application favored the accumulation of pigments, with the 4.0 mM dose having the greatest accumulation, while the K application exhibited an inverse behavior to N and P, having the highest accumulation of pigments with the 1.0 mM dose. The concentration of chlorophyll a, b and total had a positive and significant correlation with N nutrient status. The polynomial mathematical models could be an instrument for decision making for sustainable nutrient management of N, P and K fertilization.

RESUMEN: El objetivo fue conocer si los pigmentos foliares son buenos indicadores del estado nutricional del N, P y K en plantas de frijol ejotero. Se realizaron tres estudios independientes, en el primero, el N se aplicó a la solución nutritiva en la forma de NH4NO3 en dosis crecientes de 0 a 24.0 mM de N. En el segundo experimento, el P se aplicó en la forma H3P04 en dosis crecientes de 0 a 8.0 mM de P, y en el tercer experimento, el K se aplicó en la forma KS04 en dosis crecientes de 0 a 16.0 mM de K. Los parámetros analizados en tejido foliar fueron: concentración de N, P y K, biomasa, concentración de pigmentos foliares y sus relaciones. Los resultados indican que la aplicación de N favoreció la acumulación de clorofila a, b y carotenos, presentándose la máxima concentración en la dosis de 18 mM, de la misma manera la aplicación de P favoreció la acumulación de pigmentos, presentando la dosis de 4.0 mM, la mayor acumulación; mientras que la aplicación de K presentó un comportamiento inverso al N y P, presentando la mayor acumulación de pigmentos en la dosis de 1.0 mM. La concentración de clorofila a y b, y clorofila total tuvo correlación positiva y significativa con el estado nutricional del N. Los modelos matemáticos polinomial pudieran ser un instrumento para la toma de decisiones para el manejo nutricional sustentable de la fertilización de N, P y K.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade, a repelência, a eficiência e a fitotoxicidade do extrato aquoso de folhas de juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro) no controle do ácaro-vermelho, Tetranychus ludeni, em algodoeiro. Para a avaliação da toxicidade, colocaram-se fêmeas adultas de T. ludeni sobre discos foliares de algodoeiro pulverizados com extrato de juazeiro. O efeito repelente foi verificado em arenas que continham discos de folha de algodoeiro tratados ou não com o extrato aquoso. A eficiência de controle do extrato de juazeiro foi avaliada pela infestação de plantas de algodoeiro com fêmeas adultas do ácaro, seguida de pulverização com o extrato. A CL50 determinada foi de 3,54% (m/v), com mortalidade de 76,47% e efeito repelente. Houve eficiência de controle por 120 horas, com média de 78,02%, sem diferença significativa entre os intervalos de avaliação. As plantas de algodão não apresentaram fitotoxicidade. O extrato aquoso de juazeiro apresenta potencial como controle alternativo de T. ludeni em algodoeiro, em virtude de sua elevada toxicidade, efeito repelente e eficiência quanto à mortalidade, sem ser fitotóxico ao algodoeiro.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity, repellency, efficiency, and phytotoxicity of the aqueous extract of juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro) leaves in the control of the red spider mite, Tetranychus ludeni, on cotton plant. For toxicity evaluation, T. ludeni adult females were put on cotton leaf discs sprayed with the juazeiro extract. The repellent effect was verified in arenas that contained cotton leaf discs treated or not with the aqueous extract. The control efficiency of the juazeiro extract was evaluated by the infestation of cotton plants by adult female mites, followed by spraying with the extract. Measured LC50 was 3.54% (m/v), with 76.47% mortality and repellent effect. There was control efficiency for 120 hours, with 78.02% average, without significant difference between the evaluation intervals. Cotton plants did not show phytotoxicity. The juazeiro aqueous extract shows potential as an alternative control of T. ludeni on cotton plant due to its high toxicity, repellent effect, and efficiency in causing mortality, without being phytotoxic to cotton plants.

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar las manifestaciones del bullying que los estudiantes reciben, hacen u observan en la Preparatoria Agrícola de la Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo ubicada en el Estado de México, México. La metodología fue de corte cuantitativo. Se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 112 estudiantes (43 mujeres y 69 hombres). La información se analizó a través de estadísticos descriptivos univariados y análisis de correlación de Sperman. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes han sido víctimas de manifestaciones de bullying de tipo psicológicas, verbales, físicas, en redes cibernéticas y sociales. Las víctimas, acosadores y acosadoras consideran que la principal manifestación del bullying que reciben o hacen es psicológica (ignoran o son ignoradas e ignorados); observadores y observadoras especifican que principalmente ven agresiones físicas (empujones).

This research analyzes the acts of bullying that students receive, perpetrate or observe among their peers. The study was carried out in an agricultural school in the Municipality of Texcoco, State of Mexico. The research employed a qualitative methodology with a sample size of 112 students (43 females and 69 males). A questionnaire was used to collect data, the data was analyzed through univariate descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation analysis. The results detail how students have been bullied by their peers through psychological, verbal, physical, cyber and social attacks. Victims and their bullies consider that the main form of bullying they receive or carry out is psychological (they are ignored or they ignore someone). The students who observe bullying specify that they mainly see physical aggression (pushing).

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar as manifestações do bullying que os estudantes recebem ou fazem na preparação agrícola da Universidade Autã´noma de Chapingo situada no Estado do México, México. A metodologia foi de caráter quantitativo. Aplicou-se um questionário a 112 estudantes (43 mulheres e 69 homens). A informação foi analisada através de estatística descritiva e análise de correlação de Sperman. Os resultados mostram que os estudantes tém sido vítimas de manifestações de bullying dos tipos psicológicos, verbais, físicos, em redes cibernéticas e sociais. As vítimas e os acusados como consideram que a principal manifestação do bullying que recebem ou fazem é a psicológica (ignoram ou são ignoradas); Observadores e observadoras especificam principalmente agressões físicas (empurrões).

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Newborns in need of surgery are a challenge to manage and require highly specialized centers with multidisciplinary surgical teams. Since the 1980s, neonatal surgical survival has increased by up to 70% in some countries, mainly due to advances in neonatal intensive care, anesthesia and surgical technique. OBJECTIVE Describe surgical case fatality and survival in a neonatal reference hospital in Cuba, estimate risk of death, and identify potential risk predictors among neonatal characteristics. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on hospital administrative data and clinical records for a series of surgical cases in the neonatal intensive care unit of Havana’s William Soler University Children’s Hospital from January 2005 to December 2015. All neonates who underwent surgery during the study period were included. The dependent variable was discharge status (alive, deceased); independent variables were: sex, age (in days) at time of surgery, gestational age, birth weight, indication for surgery, surgical order (first, repeat), and presence of sepsis or other postoperative complications. The study used contingency tables to analyze associations between neonatal characteristics and discharge status. A classifi cation tree was used to obtain simple estimates of surgical risk. RESULTS Survival was 91.3% (675/739) among 739 neonates who underwent surgery. The majority were male (58.7%, 434/739), full term (84.2%, 622/739), and of normal birth weight (80.6%, 596/739). Most surgeries were performed in the first 10 days of life. Digestive system anomalies constituted the most common surgical indication (57.6%, 426/739); among these anorectal malformations (26.8%, 114/426) and esophageal atresia (17.4%, 74/426) predominated. Survival rates were lower for digestive perforation (57.7%, 15/26), gastroschisis (57.1%, 4/7) and intestinal atresia (73%, 27/37). Neonates in the youngest and oldest age groups at time of surgery faced highest risk of death, especially those in the older group. Term infants with normal birth weight operated on for the first time had survival rates >95%. CONCLUSIONS Survival was high and low birth weight conferred the worst prognosis. Infants with normal birth weight operated on for the first time had the greatest probability of survival.

Abstract: Objective: To assess the quality and compliance of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) applicable to chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) in primary healthcare (CS), and views of staff on the barriers, facilitators and their use. Materials and methods: 18 valued CPG with AGREEII, 3 are selected to develop indicators and assess compliance using lot quality acceptance sample (LQAS, standard 75 / 95% threshold 40 / 75% respectively, α:0. 05, β:0. 10) on 5 CS. 70 professionals surveyed about knowledge and use of CPG. Results: Average quality of the CPG was 57.2%; low rating in domains: “Applicability” (<25%), “Stakeholder involvement” (43.5%) and “Rigour of development” (55.0%). Compliance in CS ranges from 39 to 53.4%. Professionals show uneven knowledge of CPG; 44 to 45% (according to CPG), they declare that they are not used, they identify as main barriers the lack of training, and their difficult accessibility and management. Conclusions: The quality and implementation of evaluated CPG is deficient constituting an opportunity of improvement in health services.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad y cumplimiento de guías de práctica clínica (GPC) aplicables a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en Centros de Salud (CS), y opinión del personal sobre las barreras, facilitadores y su utilización. Material y métodos: De 18 GPC valoradas con Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREEII), se seleccionan tres para elaborar indicadores y evaluar cumplimiento usando Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) (estándar 75/95%, umbral 40/75%, respectivamente, α:0.05, β:0.10) en cinco CS. 70 profesionales fueron encuestados sobre conocimiento y utilización de GPC. Resultados: La calidad formal promedio de las GPC fue 57.2%; baja calificación en dominios: “Aplicabilidad” (<25%), “Participación de los implicados” (43.5%) y “Rigor en la elaboración” (55.0%). Su cumplimiento en CS oscila entre 39 y 53.4%. Los profesionales muestran conocimiento desigual de GPC; de 44 a 45% (según GPC) declaran que no se utilizan e identifican como principales barreras la ausencia de capacitación y su difícil accesibilidad y manejo. Conclusiones: La calidad e implantación de GPC evaluadas es deficiente, lo que constituye una oportunidad de mejora en los servicios de salud.

Abstract: Objective: To assess the quality and compliance of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) applicable to chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) in primary healthcare (CS), and views of staff on the barriers, facilitators and their use. Materials and methods: 18 valued CPG with AGREEII, 3 are selected to develop indicators and assess compliance using lot quality acceptance sample (LQAS, standard 75 / 95% threshold 40 / 75% respectively, α:0. 05, β:0. 10) on 5 CS. 70 professionals surveyed about knowledge and use of CPG. Results: Average quality of the CPG was 57.2%; low rating in domains: “Applicability” (<25%), “Stakeholder involvement” (43.5%) and “Rigour of development” (55.0%). Compliance in CS ranges from 39 to 53.4%. Professionals show uneven knowledge of CPG; 44 to 45% (according to CPG), they declare that they are not used, they identify as main barriers the lack of training, and their difficult accessibility and management. Conclusions: The quality and implementation of evaluated CPG is deficient constituting an opportunity of improvement in health services.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad y cumplimiento de guías de práctica clínica (GPC) aplicables a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en Centros de Salud (CS), y opinión del personal sobre las barreras, facilitadores y su utilización. Material y métodos: De 18 GPC valoradas con Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation II (AGREEII), se seleccionan tres para elaborar indicadores y evaluar cumplimiento usando Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) (estándar 75/95%, umbral 40/75%, respectivamente, α:0.05, β:0.10) en cinco CS. 70 profesionales fueron encuestados sobre conocimiento y utilización de GPC. Resultados: La calidad formal promedio de las GPC fue 57.2%; baja calificación en dominios: “Aplicabilidad” (<25%), “Participación de los implicados” (43.5%) y “Rigor en la elaboración” (55.0%). Su cumplimiento en CS oscila entre 39 y 53.4%. Los profesionales muestran conocimiento desigual de GPC; de 44 a 45% (según GPC) declaran que no se utilizan e identifican como principales barreras la ausencia de capacitación y su difícil accesibilidad y manejo. Conclusiones: La calidad e implantación de GPC evaluadas es deficiente, lo que constituye una oportunidad de mejora en los servicios de salud.

INTRODUCTION Birth weight is considered to be the best predictor of an infant's health status in the neonatal phase. In the Americas, several studies have set the foundation for determining references birth weights. In Cuba there is a report on anthropometric patterns in neonates in 1990 from a maternity ward in Havana, but there are no updated neonatal weight distribution curves by gestational age and sex, as suggested by WHO. OBJECTIVE Create birth weight percentile distribution tables and curves for neonates by gestational age and sex in Holguín Municipality, capital of the eastern Cuban province of the same name. METHODS A retrospective longitudinal study was designed in a universe of 16,018 neonates born alive, delivered within a gestational range of 30 to 42 weeks in the maternity unit of the V.I. Lenin University General Hospital in Holguín Municipality between January 2008 and December 2012. Included were neonates born in the study hospital living in Holguín Municipality; neonates from multiple births were excluded. Variables included gestational age, sex, and birth weight. Gestational age- and sex-specific weight percentile distribution tables and curves were constructed based on observed values. A third-degree polynomial was applied via weighted least squares regression to smooth distribution curves. Analysis of varinance was conducted to compare four years (2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011) and the coefficient of variation was calculated for each week of gestation. RESULTS The average weight of neonates of both sexes rose from week 30 to week 42. The coefficient of variation between weeks 34 and 42 was 11.6%–19% in girls and 12.1%–21.3% in boys. The 10th percentile value at 36 weeks of gestation was 2140 g for girls and 2200 g for boys. For girls, cutoff points for the 10th percentile (small for gestational age infant) were higher at 34–42 weeks and for boys at 36–42 weeks. Applying our cutoff points to this population identified 47% more low birth weight infants than did previously applied standards. CONCLUSIONS Marked differences were found when comparing our tables with tables from other countries. The higher references values for the 10th percentile (compared to previous ones in Cuba) in mean more neonates fall in the low birth weight category, providing greater opportunities to reduce morbidity and mortality in this high-risk group.

Background: Dental erosion (DE) is the loss of the hard tissues of the tooth produced by the action of gastric juice, pepsin and acid on the dental enamel, its frequency ranges from 5to 53.41%. In Mexico there are no reports on the frequency and possible association. Objective: To establish the prevalence of dental erosion and its relationship to GERD. Patients and methods: Prospective, observational, descriptive and comparative study was conducted in 60patients diagnosed with GERD and 60healthy patients at the Institute of Medical and Biological Research of the Universidad Veracruzana in Veracruz city. Anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits, oral hygiene, alcohol consumption, smoking, ED index and Index of decayed/missing dental pieces/sealed and correlation between severity of ED and GERD were analyzed. Results: 78.67% of patients with GERD had ED, 23.33% corresponded to grade 0, 41.67% to N1, N2and 23.33% to 11.67% to N3. Predominance of females (2.3:1). The mean age was 50.92± 13.52years. The severity of dental erosion was significantly related to the severity of reflux, halitosis, CPO index and poor eating habits. There was no statistically significant difference in the other variables analyzed. Conclusions: Dental erosion has a high frequency in patients with GERD and reflux characteristics are directly related to their severity and therefore should be considered as a manifestation of GERD extraesophageal.

Antecedentes: la erosión dental (ED) es la pérdida de los tejidos duros del diente producida entre otras cosas por la acción del jugo gástrico, la pepsina y el ácido sobre el esmalte dentario, su prevalencia varía entre 5y 53,41%. En México no existen publicaciones sobre su frecuencia y posible asociación. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de las erosiones dentales y su relación con la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE). Pacientes y métodos: estudio prospectivo, observacional, descriptivo y comparativo realizado en 60 pacientes con diagnóstico de ERGE y 60sujetos sanos en el Instituto de Investigaciones Médico-Biológicas de la Universidad Veracruzana en la ciudad de Veracruz. Se analizaron las características antropométricas, hábitos alimentarios, higiene oral, consumo de alcohol, tabaquismo, índice de ED e índice de piezas dentales cariadas/perdidas/obturadas (CPO) y la correlación entre severidad de ED y la ERGE. Resultados: El 78,67% de los pacientes con ERGE presentaron ED; el 23,33% correspondieron al grado N0, 41,67% al N1, 23,33% al N2 y 11,67% al N3. Predominó el género femenino (2,3:1). La edad promedio fue 50,92± 13,52 años. La gravedad de la erosión dental se relacionó significativamente con la severidad del reflujo, halitosis, índice CPO y con malos hábitos alimentarios. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las demás variables analizadas. Conclusiones: la erosión dental tiene una alta frecuencia en pacientes con ERGE y las características del reflujo se relacionan directamente con su severidad por lo cual debe ser considerada como una manifestación extraesofágica más de la ERGE.