ABSTRACT: Background: Confidence in the results reported by randomized clinical trials (RCTs) depends mainly on the internal validity of the trial and its conduct, but also on other aspects related to health research such as the complete reporting of conflicts of interest (COI), funding sources and approval by ethics committees. Bias in the study results may arise from any one of these elements. Prior studies have explored the reporting of these items in the medical literature, but there are no reports on RCTs published in Spanish and Latin American journals. This study aimed to evaluate the reporting of COIs, funding sources, and approval by ethics committees of RCTs published in Spanish and Latin American journals in dentistry, geriatrics and neurology. Methods: We did a systematic retrospective survey of all RCTs published from 1990 to 2018 in dentistry, neurology, and geriatrics journals published in Spain and Latin America and included in the BADERI database (Iberoamerican journals and trials database by its initials in Spanish). We completed with hand searching. We included RCTs with a recoverable full text published between 1990 and 2018. We extracted data on sources of funding, COI statements, and ethics reviews. The extraction of these items in the RCTs included was done independently by two pairs of reviewers and in parallel for each article, with a third independent reviewer resolving discrepancies. We analysed compliance for each item. Results: We identified RCTs in 69 journals from Spain and Latin American countries. Dentistry accounted for 75% (n = 52) of the journals, neurology 20.6% (n = 14), and geriatrics 4.4% (n = 3). Of the total number of RCTs included in this study (n = 392), only 102 (26%) reported the presence or absence of a COI, 103 (26%) studies reported funding, and 43 (36%) included the ethics committee approval. Conclusions: RCTs published in the Spanish language in dentistry, neurology, and geriatrics had poor compliance with the reporting of a COI, source of funding, and ethics committee approval. Future research should evaluate the accuracy and completeness of COI statements and their relationship to the funding source and direction of the results.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La soledad es una sensación subjetiva y multidimensional, con mayor presencia en grupos poblacionales vulnerables. Es un indicador de salud. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de soledad en adultos mayores y su relación con otras características propias de la población durante la pandemia de enfermedad por COVID-19. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo realizado en servicio de consulta de medicina familiar de un hospital de tercer nivel. Tamaño de muestra: 249. Previa explicación y aceptación de la participación verbal del paciente, se aplicó un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos, características clínicas, aspectos durante la pandemia por COVID-19, y escala de soledad en el adulto mayor (IMSOL-AM), desarrollada en México, con consistencia interna: α = 0.95. Resultados: El 62.7% fueron mujeres, con mediana de edad de 65 años; el 27.3% residentes de Monterrey. El 88.4% viven acompañados, el 11.6% vive solo y el 67.5% mantuvo aislamiento por pandemia. De ellos, 56.6% duerme siete horas o más y aproximadamente 5% tenía riesgo o experimentaba soledad. Se demostró asociación entre horas de sueño y presencia de sensación de soledad, con p < 0.001. Conclusiones: Casi el 5% estuvieron en riesgo o experimentaron soledad. Hubo una asociación entre sensación de soledad y horas de sueño.

ABSTRACT Background: Loneliness is a subjective and multidimensional sentiment. It is more prevalent in vulnerable population groups. It is a health indicator. Objective: Determine the perception of loneliness in the elderly and its relationship with other population characteristics’ during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study carried out in a Family Medicine consultation service of a tertiary care hospital. Sample size: 249. After explanation and verbal acceptance of the participation a questionnaire was applied with sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, aspects during the COVID-19 pandemic, and loneliness scale in the elderly (IMSOL-AM), developed in Mexico, internal consistency: α = 0.95. Results: Women were 62.7% with a mean age of 65 years; 27.3% were Monterrey residents. Most of them (88.4%) lives accompanied, 11.6% lives alone. Importantly, 67.5% was kept in isolation during the pandemic; 56.6% sleeps 7 hours or more, and approximately 5% have risk and experimented loneliness. Association between hours of sleep and the presence of sentiment of loneliness was demonstrated (p < 001). Conclusions: Almost 5% were at risk or experienced loneliness. There was an association between feeling of loneliness and hours of sleep.

Antecedentes: La prueba de aliento con urea (UBT-13C) es una técnica no invasiva que permite el diagnóstico y confirmación de erradicación de la infección por Helicobacter pylori. Objetivo: Evaluar los valores de UBT- 13C en niños y adultos chilenos infectados y analizar su variación en relación al sexo, diagnóstico nutricional y edad de los pacientes. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de 1.141 pacientes de 6 a 94 años. El enriquecimiento de13C se midió usando un espectrómetro de infrarrojos, calculando el delta 13C antes y después de la ingesta de urea marcada con 13C. Los datos clínicos de los pacientes se obtuvieron al momento del examen. Resultados: Incluimos 241 niños y 900 adultos con valores delta de UBT-13C de 16,1 ± 8,7 frente a 37 ± 52,9, respectivamente. Las tasas de infección fueron mayores en los hombres reclutados para el diagnóstico. Se obtuvieron diferencias significativas entre la positividad para H. pylori en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad, pero no en adultos. Los títulos de UBT-13C se asociaron significativamente con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) solo en adultos. Conclusiones: Las tasas de infección por H. pylori son similares entre los sexos y aumentan en los niños probablemente debido al sesgo de selección. En niños, la positividad para H. pylori se asocia con un IMC más alto y malnutrición por exceso, aunque con valores similares de UBT-13C. En los adultos, la infección por H. pylori no se relaciona con el IMC ni con la obesidad, pero el aumento del IMC afecta los títulos de UBT-13C.

ABSTRACT Background: The urea breath test (UBT-13C) is a non-invasive technique that allows the diagnosis and confirmation of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aim: To evaluate H. pylori positivity and values of UBT-13C among infected Chilean children and adults, and to analyze its variation in relation to sex, nutritional status, and age of the patients. Material and Methods: Retrospective study of 1141 patients aged 6 to 94 years, with an indication for a UBT-13C either for diagnosis or for confirmation of eradication of H. pylori infection. 13C enrichment was measured using an infrared spectrometer calculating the delta 13C values before and after the ingestion of 13C marked urea. The clinical data of the patients were obtained at the time of the examination. Results: We included 241 children and 900 adults. Infected children obtained lower UBT-13C delta values than infected adults (16.1 ± 8.7 and 37 ± 52.9, respectively). The rates of infection were higher in males who were recruited for diagnosis. Significant differences were obtained between positivity for H. pylori in overweight and obese children but not adults. UBT-13C titers were significantly associated with the body mass index (BMI) only in adults. Conclusions: H. pylori infection rates are similar between sexes and are higher in children probably because of selection bias. In children, H. pylori positivity is associated with higher BMI and excess malnutrition although with similar UBT-13C values. In adults, H. pylori infection is not related with BMI, but a higher BMI impacts UBT-13C titers.

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is a pest that affects a great variety of fruit crops. The objective of this work was to learn about the diversity of parasitoids (Hymenoptera) that might be associated with SWD in fruit crops located in northeastern Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Species were identified as Euxestophaga argentinensis Gallardo, Ganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carton & Kelner-Pillault), Hexacola bonaerensis Reche (Cynipoidea, Figitidae), Trichopria anastrephae (Costa Lima) (Diaprioidea, Diapriidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae). Leptopilina boulardi, E. argentinensis and T. anastrephae were reported for the first time in the Buenos Aires province.

Resumen Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) es una plaga que afecta a una gran variedad de cultivos frutales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la diversidad de parasitoides (Hymenoptera) que podrían estar asociados con SWD en cultivos frutales ubicados en el noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Las especies identificadas fueron Euxestophaga argentinensis Gallardo, Ganaspis pelleranoi (Brèthes), Leptopilina boulardi (Barbotin, Carton & Kelner-Pillault), Hexacola bonaerensis Reche (Cynipoidea, Figitidae), Trichopria anastrephae (Costa Lima) (Diaprioidea, Diapriidae) y Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) (Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae). Se registró por primera vez a L. boulardi, E. argentinensis y T. anastrephae en la provincia de Buenos Aires.

Abstract: This study aims to examine, from a theoretical point of view, leadership and authority as key factors in problem solving. Both concepts are integrated theoretically to offer new paths for future research on new methods of organizational management. Data is gathered from information sources that favor a preliminary theoretical proposal that links both concepts from different dimensions. As a result, an integrated model of leadership and authority is proposed that suggests links between both concepts depending on the characteristics of the problem, the organization, the decision-making process, and interpersonal relationships. The results show a possible link between leadership and authority in the resolution of complex issues, which based on the methodology applied, is a theoretical association in nature. It is concluded that leadership and authority are equivalent and integrated constructs in the resolution of different types of problems: tame, wicked, and crisis.

Resumen: En este trabajo se analiza, desde una perspectiva conceptual, el liderazgo y la autoridad como factores de la resolución de problemas complejos. Se realiza una agregación teórica de ambos conceptos y se ofrece un camino para futuras investigaciones que avancen hacia un método de gestión organizacional que los incorpore. Se recurre a fuentes de información cuyo análisis favorece una propuesta teórica preliminar que relaciona ambos conceptos desde diferentes dimensiones. Como resultado, se propone un método integrador de liderazgo y autoridad que sugiere relaciones entre ambos conceptos desde las características del problema, de la organización, de la toma de decisiones y de las relaciones interpersonales. Los resultados muestran un probable vínculo entre el liderazgo y la autoridad en la resolución de problemas complejos, encontrando, a partir de la metodología empleada, una asociación de naturaleza teórica. Se concluye que el liderazgo y la autoridad son constructos equivalentes e integrados en la resolución de diferentes tipos de problemas: mansos, perversos y crisis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed a great strain in health services. Aim: To describe the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to a regional hospital in southern Chile between April and August 2020. Material and Methods: Clinical records of all hospitalized patients with RT-PCR (+) for SARS-CoV-2 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: During the study period 226 patients aged 55 ± 18 years (55% men) were admitted. The main comorbidities were high blood pressure in 45%, diabetes in 31% and obesity in 21%. The main symptoms were dyspnea in 70%, cough in 69%, fever in 62% and myalgia in 47%. Pneumonia was the main cause of admission in 66%. Images on admission were compatible with pneumonia in 81%, and with a typical COVID-19 pattern in 84%. In 76% there was five-lobe involvement. Eighty-seven cases (39%) were admitted to critical care, with an APACHE score of 10.9 ± 7.1. Invasive mechanical ventilation was used in 16%, 30% required prone position and 13%, a high-flow nasal cannula. The mean stay in critical care was 13.3 days. The mean duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was 14.1 days. Antimicrobials were used in 55% and dexamethasone in 36%. Twenty-two (9.7%) patients aged 71.7 ± 14 died. A Charlson comorbidity index > 3, heart failure and connection to invasive mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for death. An age > 65 years alone and other comorbidities were not risk factors. Conclusions: Viral pneumonia is the main cause of hospitalization for COVID-19, usually extensive and bilateral. The greater severity and poor prognosis of these patients are mainly related to comorbidities.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To establish whether there is an association between hyperparathyroidism secondary to vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and the frequency of preeclampsia. MATERIALSAND METHODS: Case-control, prospective, longitudinal study performed in patients with and without preeclampsia who between January 1 and June 30, 2021 attended the Hospital Universitario of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon for delivery care. Inclusion criteria: pregnant patients with a diagnosis of preeclampsia in the last trimester of gestation with blood pressure equal to or greater than 140-90 mmHg and proteinuria equal to or greater than 30 mg/dL. For the control group: healthy pregnant women without a diagnosis of preeclampsia in the last trimester of gestation. Exclusion criteria: smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction and those who did not agree to enter the study or had a diagnosis of chronic medical diseases. RESULTS: We studied 90 patients divided into two groups: with preeclampsia (n = 45) and without preeclampsia (control, n = 45). A relationship was found between vitamin D deficiency, hypocalcemia, and preeclampsia; a relationship was not found between parathormone and preeclampsia in the international parathormone ranges. Preeclampsia was found more frequently in patients aged 12 to 15 years. CONCLUSIONS: Hyperparathyroidism secondary to vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy was not observed in patients with preeclampsia; those who had it had parathormone concentrations in normal limits. A relationship was found between vitamin D deficiency, hypocalcemia, and preeclampsia.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Establecer si existe asociación entre el hiperparatiroidismo secundario a una deficiencia de vitamina D en el embarazo y la frecuencia de preeclampsia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles, prospectivo y longitudinal efectuado en pacientes con y sin preeclampsia que entre el 1 de enero y el 30 de junio del 2021 acudieron al Hospital Universitario de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León para la atención del parto. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes embarazadas con diagnóstico de preeclampsia en el último trimestre de la gestación con tensión arterial igual o mayor a 140-90 mmHg y proteinuria igual o mayor a 30 mg/dL. Para el grupo control: embarazadas sanas, sin diagnóstico de preeclampsia en el último trimestre de la gestación. Criterios de exclusión: tabaquismo, alcoholismo y drogadicción y quienes no aceptaron entrar al estudio o tuvieran diagnóstico de enfermedades médicas crónicas. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 90 pacientes divididas en dos grupos: con preeclampsia (n = 45) y sin ésta (control, n = 45). Se encontró una relación entre la deficiencia de vitamina D, la hipocalcemia y la preeclampsia; no así entre la paratohormona y la preeclampsia en los rangos internacionales de la primera. La preeclampsia se encontró con mayor frecuencia en pacientes de 12 a 15 años. CONCLUSIONES: El hiperparatiroidismo secundario a la deficiencia de vitamina D en el embarazo no se observó en pacientes con preeclampsia, quienes sí la padecieron tuvieron concentraciones de paratohormona en límites normales. Se encontró una relación entre la deficiencia de vitamina D, la hipocalcemia y la preeclampsia.

ABSTRACT Two exotic fruit flies species, Zaprionus indianus Gupta and Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), were detected in Argentina in recent years. In this note, the southernmost detection of Z indianus in Argentina and an estimation of the field infestation level caused by both drosophilid species on figs (Ficus carica L.) and raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are reported.

RESUMEN En los últimos años se han detectado en Argentina dos especies exóticas de drosofílidos, Zaprionus indianus Gupta y Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). En esta nota se reporta la detección más austral de Z indianus en Argentina y se estima el nivel de infestación a campo causado por ambas especies de drosofílidos en higos (Ficus carica L.) y frambuesas (Rubus idaeus L.).

Abstract: The present study describes the process of design and validation of a protocol aimed to guide gender-mainstreaming diagnosis within the context of practical training activities in psychology degrees. This is a qualitative study with an applied cutting-approach that involves a construction-based systematization process of curriculum documentation and professor and student interviews. This is validated by experts’ assessments and student-user feedback. The results show that the protocol developed here facilities student identification and awareness about their own biases and gender prejudices in psychological diagnoses. It is concluded that the protocol developed here improves the diagnostic competence of psychology students, improving their professional career profile.

Resumen: Este estudio describe el proceso de construcción y validación de un protocolo que tiene el propósito de orientar la transversalización de la perspectiva de género en el diagnóstico, en el contexto de actividades prácticas formativas de la carrera de psicología. Se trató de un estudio de tipo cualitativo con enfoque de corte aplicado que implicó un procedimiento de diseño de este instrumento a partir de la sistematización de documentos curriculares y entrevistas a estudiantes y docentes; así como su posterior examinación por medio de juicios de expertos y retroalimentaciones de estudiantes usuarios. Se encontró que el protocolo apoya al estudiante a identificar los sesgos que pueden tener sus propios prejuicios de género sobre el trabajo diagnóstico. Se concluye que este material contribuye al desarrollo de la competencia de diagnóstico en psicología y que puede ser un recurso valioso para el logro del perfil de egreso de los/as futuros/as profesionales.

Abstract: This paper presents a preliminary study of the effects of the anesthetics propofol, remifentanil, and vecuronium bromide on the rheological properties of glycated erythrocytes in vitro, modeling the glycation by hyperglycemia observed in diabetes. Viscoelastic and aggregation kinetic parameters of erythrocytes were determined using an erythrocyte rheometer and an optical chip aggregometer developed in our laboratory. The results showed significant alterations in the membrane surface viscosity, the elastic modulus, and the erythrocyte deformability index for the different anesthetics studied. Also, the kinetics aggregation parameters showed different types of alterations due to the effect of anesthetics. This preliminary study suggests that the use of these anesthetics in diabetic patients could induce hemorheological alterations that disturb the microcirculation. For this reason, it is recommended to deepen these investigations to prevent complications in surgical procedures.

Resumen: Este trabajo presenta un estudio preliminar de los efectos de los anestésicos propofol, remifentanilo y bromuro de vecuronio sobre las propiedades reológicas de eritrocitos glicados in vitro, modelizando la glicación por hiperglucemia observada en la diabetes. Se determinaron los parámetros viscoelásticos y de cinética de agregación de los eritrocitos utilizando un reómetro eritrocitario y un agregómetro de chip óptico desarrollados en nuestro laboratorio. Los resultados mostraron alteraciones significativas en la viscosidad superficial de membrana, el módulo elástico y el índice de deformabilidad eritrocitaria para los distintos anestésicos estudiados. También los parámetros de cinética de agregación mostraron diferente tipo de alteraciones por efecto de los anestésicos. Este estudio preliminar sugiere que el uso de estos anestésicos en pacientes diabéticos podría inducir alteraciones hemorreológicas que perturben la microcirculación. Por tal motivo, se recomienda profundizar estas investigaciones a fin de prevenir complicaciones en procedimientos quirúrgicos.

Abstract One of the problems with the storage of seeds in corn is the presence of pests that reduce quality. To deal with this problem, materials with little or no susceptibility are used. The native varieties of maize in Yucatan are reservoirs of genes for resistance to storage pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the attack of weevils (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) in eight populations of corn and two control varieties. To determine the susceptibility, 100 seeds of each population were exposed to the presence of 100 weevils for 15 days, with 10 repetitions, the variables were number of live weevils, weight loss and percentage of damaged grain. Preference was determined by placing 100 seeds from each population and 1 000 weevils in the same container, they were stored for 30 days and repeated five times. The percentage of grain damaged by color was recorded. The highest susceptibility was presented in the populations Chichen Itza, Sac beh and Nal t’eel white, the first two registered the highest percentage of damaged grain, with 15% higher than the other populations evaluated, while the Nal t’eel White population registered 6.1% above the lower loss. The insect’s preference was for white grains. The pericarp (0.495) and scutellum (0.418) showed a relationship with the presence of damaged grains. There are differences in the susceptibility and preference of the evaluated populations, which indicates variability that can be used in genetic improvement programs.

Resumen Uno de los problemas con el almacenamiento de semillas en maíz es la presencia de plagas que merman la calidad. Para hacer frente a este problema, se emplean materiales con poca o nula susceptibilidad. Las variedades nativas de maíz en Yucatán son reservorios de genes para resistencia a plagas de almacén. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el ataque de gorgojo (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) en ocho poblaciones de maíz y dos variedades testigo. Para determinar la susceptibilidad, 100 semillas de cada población se expusieron a la presencia de 100 gorgojos por 15 días, con 10 repeticiones, las variables fueron número de gorgojos vivos, pérdida de peso y porcentaje de grano dañado. La preferencia se determinó colocando en un mismo recipiente 100 semillas de cada población y 1 000 gorgojos, fueron almacenados por 30 días y repetido cinco veces. Se registró el porcentaje de grano dañado por color. La mayor susceptibilidad se presentó en las poblaciones Chichen Itza, Sac beh y Nal t’eel blanco, las dos primeras registraron el mayor porcentaje de grano dañado, con 15% por encima de las demás poblaciones evaluadas, mientras que la población Nal t’eel blanco registró 6.1% por encima de la menor pérdida. La preferencia del insecto fue hacia los granos de color blanco. El pericarpio (0.495) y escutelo (0.418) mostraron relación con la presencia de granos dañados. Existen diferencias en la susceptibilidad y preferencia de las poblaciones evaluadas, lo que indica variabilidad que puede aprovecharse en programas de mejoramiento genético.

In this study, the alterations in viscoelastic and aggregation parameters of red blood cells were analyzed for usual gamma irradiation procedures for transfusion purposes. In order to determine possible hemorheological changes that may affect the health of patients and their relationship with the biochemical changes observed, the blood samples were irradiated at different doses. The results show alterations in the erythrocyte aggregation time, in the membrane surface viscosity and in the size of the aggregates in the irradiated samples, suggesting that the damage produced by the ionizing radiation affects the physical properties of red blood cell membrane at different levels.

En este estudio se analizaron los parámetros viscoelásticos y de agregación en glóbulos rojos humanos sometidos a los procedimientos habituales de irradiación gamma con fines transfusionales. Las muestras fueron irradiadas a diferentes dosis a fin de determinar los posibles cambios hemorreológicos que pudieran afectar a la salud de los pacientes y su relación con las modificaciones bioquímicas observadas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran alteraciones en el tiempo de agregación, en la viscosidad superficial de membrana y en el tamaño de los agregados eritrocitarios en las muestras irradiadas, sugiriendo que el daño producido por la radiación ionizante afecta a las propiedades físicas de la membrana del glóbulo rojo en diferentes niveles.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the literature on leadership and management, from the organizational culture and decision making. This is done to develop an integrating model of organizational leadership to solve wicked problems. Secondary sources are reviewed and analyzed to make a preliminary theoretical proposal that integrates different dimensions. As a result, an integrating leadership model that suggests a systemic relationship between the managerial team composition, organizational culture, relationship with superiors, decision making process and the transformational and transactional leadership styles is proposed. The results show a probable link between leadership effectiveness and the systemic conditions finding, through the methodology used, a relation of theoretical nature, not observed before.

Resumen: En este trabajo se analiza, desde una perspectiva conceptual, el liderazgo y la gestión, desde la cultura organizacional y la toma de decisiones. Esto tiene como objetivo estructurar un modelo integrador frente a la solución de problemas perversos. Se recurre a fuentes secundarias cuyo análisis e integración favorece una propuesta teórica preliminar que relaciona diferentes dimensiones. Como resultado, se propone un modelo de liderazgo integrador que sugiere relaciones sistémicas entre la composición del equipo directivo, la cultura organizacional, la relación con el escalafón superior, el proceso de toma de decisiones y los estilos de liderazgo transformacional y transaccional. Se evidencia un probable vínculo entre la efectividad del liderazgo y las condiciones sistémicas, encontrando, a partir de la metodología empleada, una asociación de naturaleza teórica no observada.

Resumen (analítico) Este estudio piloto tuvo por objetivo conocer los vínculos de apego en niños y niñas que asisten a salas cuna. Se aplicó la Escala de apego durante estrés (ADS) a 25 díadas madre-infante (cuyos niños y niñas tenían entre 10 y 14 meses de edad), que asistían a salas cuna en la ciudad de Punta Arenas. La muestra fue no probabilística intencional, mientras que el diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo. Los resultados indican que la distribución de los tipos de apego es similar al patrón universal; sin embargo, una prolongada estadía en salas cuna se asocia a un mayor riesgo de apego inseguro aun cuando los efectos de la edad de ingreso son controlados. Se discuten los alcances e implicancias para futuras investigaciones.

Abstract (analytical) This pilot study had the objective of determining the distribution of attachment among children who experience early entry to daycare centers. The Attachment During Stress scale was implemented with 25 baby-mother dyads whose children were aged between 10 and 14 months old and were attending daycare centers in the city of Punta Arenas. The study used a deliberate non-probabilistic sample and it is a non-experimental, descriptive study. The results show that the distribution of attachment was similar to the universal pattern. However, a long period of time attending a daycare center is associated with a higher risk of insecure attachment even the effects of early entry are controlled. Implications and possibilities for future studies are also discussed.

Resumo (analítico) Este estudo piloto teve com objetivo conhecer os vínculos de apego em crianças que frequentam creches. Foi aplicada a Escala de Apego durante Stress (ADS) a 25 duplas materno - infante, cujas crianças estavam na faixa etária entre 10 a 14 meses de idade que frequentavam creches na cidade de Punta Arenas. A amostra foi não probabilística intencional e o desenvolvimento não experimental, transversal, descritivo. Os resultados indicam que a distribuição dos tipos de apego são similares ao padrão universal; contudo, a permanência prolongada em creches pode estar associada a um risco maior de apego inseguro mesmo quando os efeitos da idade de ingresso na creche são controlados. São discutidos os alcances e implicâncias para pesquisas futuras.