ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the single transphyseal screw technique in foals diagnosed with carpal valgus deviation. This study included 22 thoroughbred animals of both sexes, with a mean age of 30 days. All animals had a carpal valgus deviation >5° with irregular development of the distal epiphysis of the radius. All animals were surgically treated to correct the carpal valgus deviation by creating a bridge using a single transphyseal screw. Surgical intervention was performed for 40 limbs, comprising 19 right and 21 left thoracic limbs. This corresponded to four animals with carpal valgus deviation >5° in only one of the limbs and 18 with the deviation in both limbs. It was observed that 38/40 treated limbs (95%) achieved normal angulation according to the literature, i.e., angulation between 0° and 5°. No statistical differences were observed between the affected limbs. The single transphyseal screw technique can be used for the correction of carpal valgus deviation in foals. It is indicated in animals with an average age of 30 days (20-55 days), as its main advantages are rapid application, simple execution, and limited trans- and post-surgical complications, making it an effective procedure in thoroughbred foals with carpal valgus angular deviation.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi demonstrar a viabilidade da aplicação da técnica de parafuso único transfiseal em potros, com diagnóstico de desvio valgo do carpo. Foram selecionados 22 animais, da raça PSI, com idade média de 30 dias, de ambos os sexos. Todos os animais apresentavam desvio valgo do carpo acima de cinco graus, com desenvolvimento irregular da epífise distal do rádio. Os animais foram submetidos à cirurgia corretiva para o desvio valgo do carpo por meio da realização de ponte com um único parafuso transfiseal. Foram submetidos à intervenção cirúrgica 40 membros, divididos entre membros torácicos direito e esquerdo 19 e 21, respectivamente, que corresponderam a quatro animais com desvio acima de 5 graus valgo do carpo em apenas um dos membros e 18 animais com o procedimento nos dois membros. Observou-se que 38 dos 40 membros tratados, ou seja, 95%, retornaram a uma angulação considerada normal, entre zero e cinco graus Dois animais apresentaram infecção do implante, de maneira que eles reduziram a angulação, porém não o suficiente para enquadrá-los na angulação normal estabelecida pela literatura. Não houve diferença estatística entre os membros acometidos. A técnica de aplicação do único parafuso transfiseal pode ser indicada para correção do desvio valgo do carpo em potros. Deve ser indicada em animais com idade média de 30 dias (20 a 55 dias de vida), por ter como principais vantagens aplicação rápida, execução simples e com limitadas intercorrências trans e pós-cirúrgicas.

ABSTRACT Leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses of occupational character that are spread worldwide, mainly in tropical and socioeconomically vulnerable areas. Both diseases have vertebrate hosts, which spread the infectious agent to the environment and are potentially infectious to humans and can progress to fatal cases. The present study reinforces the importance of One Health for the control and prophylaxis of leptospirosis and toxoplasmosis using sentinel animals in areas of socioeconomic vulnerability based on a serological study. A total of 336 blood samples were obtained from the canine population of the urban district, which has high rates of poverty and sanitation. The results were analyzed based on seroreactivity animals and georeferencing by kernel spatial mapping. A total of 43.3% (52/120) of the animals were seroreagents for anti-Leptospira spp., with a predominance of Canicola (35/52 = 67.3%) and Pyrogenes (5/52 = 9.6%), while 52.97% (178/336) of the dogs were seroreactive for anti-Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of seroreagent dogs for both zoonosis alert to the inadequate hygienic-sanitary conditions of the studied region, and highlight the importance of a survey of the social, economic and environmental structure to identify factors related to the links in the epidemiological chain of pathogen transmission and necessary corrective actions.

RESUMO Leptospirose e toxoplasmose são zoonoses de caráter ocupacional disseminadas mundialmente, principalmente em áreas tropicais e socioeconomicamente vulneráveis. Ambas as doenças têm hospedeiros vertebrados, que espalham o agente infeccioso para o meio ambiente e são potencialmente infecciosos para o homem, as quais podem evoluir para casos fatais. O presente estudo reforça a importância da saúde única para o controle e a profilaxia da leptospirose e da toxoplasmose, mediante a utilização de animais sentinela em áreas de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, com base em estudo sorológico. Um total de 336 amostras de sangue foi obtido da população canina de um distrito urbano que apresenta altos índices de pobreza e ausência de saneamento básico. Os resultados foram analisados com base em animais sororreagentes e georreferenciados por mapeamento espacial de Kernel. Um total de 43,3% (52/120) dos animais foi sororreagente para anti-Leptospira spp., com predominância de Canicola (35/52 = 67,3%) e Pirogenes (5/52 = 9,6%), enquanto 52,97% (178/336) dos cães foram sororreagentes para anti-Toxoplasma gondii. A presença de cães sororreagentes para ambas as doenças alerta para as condições higiênico-sanitárias inadequadas da região estudada e evidencia a importância de um levantamento da estrutura social, econômica e ambiental para identificar fatores relacionados aos elos da cadeia epidemiológica de transmissão do patógeno e ações corretivas necessárias.

Constitutional genomic imbalances are known to cause malformations, disabilities, neurodevelopmental delay, and dysmorphia and can lead to dysfunctions in the cell cycle. In extremely rare genetic conditions such as small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC), it is important to understand the cellular consequences of this extra marker, as well the factors that contribute to their maintenance or elimination through successive cell cycles and phenotypic impact. The study of chromosomal mosaicism provides a natural model to characterize the effect of aneuploidy on genome stability and compare cells with the same genetic background and environment exposure, but differing in the presence of sSMC. Here, we report the functional characterization of different cell lines from two familial patients with mosaic sSMC derived from chromosome 12. We performed studies of proliferation dynamics, stability, and variability of these cells using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), and conventional staining. We also quantified the telomere-related genomic instability of sSMC cells using 3D telomeric profile analysis by quantitative-FISH. sSMC cells exhibited differences in the cell cycle dynamics compared to normal cells. First, the sSMC cells exhibited lower proliferation index and higher frequency of SCE than normal cells, associated with a higher level of chromosomal instability. Second, sSMC cells exhibited more telomeric-related genomic instability. Lastly, the differences of sSMC cells distribution among tissues could explain different phenotypic repercussions observed in patients. These results will help in our understanding of the sSMC stability, maintenance during cell cycle, and the cell cycle variables involved in the different phenotypic manifestations.

RESUMO A doença periodontal é uma afecção comum, relacionada ao aprisionamento de alimentos em diastemas não fisiológicos, em equinos. O tratamento consiste na correção da causa primária, limpeza e desbridamento do sulco gengival, denominado tratamento convencional (TC). Frequentemente antimicrobianos são necessários, pela gravidade ou patogenicidade dos agentes. A terapia fotodinâmica adjuvante (TF) tem sido estudada pelo seu potencial combate bacteriano, sem causar resistência bacteriana. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o uso da TF na doença periodontal, experimentalmente induzida, em dentes incisivos de equinos, e compará-la com o TC. O TC não resultou em melhora clínica estatisticamente, tanto em graus como em profundidade, apenas numérica na profundidade aos 30 dias. A TF foi empregada em dentes com profundidade maior da bolsa periodontal que a do grupo TC e, mesmo assim, apresentou melhora clínica já com sete dias, e mais efetiva aos 30, atingindo, em média, o valor considerado normal, três milímetros. A TF apresentou potencial para ser aplicada na rotina, pelo incremento nos resultados, sem causar efeitos colaterais.

ABSTRACT Periodontal disease is a common condition, related to the entrapment of food in non-physiological diastemas in horses. Treatment consists of correction of the primary cause, cleansing and debridement of the gingival sulcus, called Conventional Therapy (CT). Often antimicrobials are requested due to the severity or pathogenicity of the agents. Adjuvant Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), has been studied for its potential bacterial combat, without causing bacterial resistance. The objective of this study was to analyze the use PDT with the experimentally induced periodontal disease in the incisor teeth of horses, and to compare with the CT. The CT did not result in clinical improvement, either in degrees or millimeters. The PDT was used in teeth with a greater depth of the periodontal pocket than the TC group, and even then, showed clinical improvement in only seven days, and more effective at 30, reaching the three millimeter value considered normal on average. The PDT presented the potential to be applied in the routine by the increase in the results without causing side effects.

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar parâmetros do Sistema de Oscilometria de Impulso de crianças com peso normal com crianças com sobrepeso e obesas. Método: Todos os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação de mecanismos respiratórios utilizando o Sistema de Oscilometria de Impulso Jaeger™ (MasterScreen™ IOS, Erich Jaeger, Alemanha) seguindo as normas da Sociedade Torácica Americana. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a testes de espirometria e oscilometria (três testes foram registrados, com coleta de dados por pelo menos 20 segundos). Resultados: O estudo incluiu 81 crianças (30 no grupo de controle, 21 no grupo sobrepeso e 30 no grupo obesidade), pareadas por idade e sexo. No que diz respeito a dados de espirometria, o grupo obesidade mostrou valores numéricos mais elevados; contudo, não houve diferenças significativas entre os três grupos. No que diz respeito a parâmetros do Sistema de Oscilometria de Impulso, houve diferença entre o grupo de controle e o grupo obesidade em Z5 (p = 0,036), resistência 5 hertz (p = 0,026), frequência de ressonância (p = 0,029) e área de reatância (p = 0,014). Nos parâmetros expressos em percentual previsto, houve diferenças em resistência 5 hertz, frequência de ressonância e área de reatância entre o grupo de controle e grupo obesidade. Conclusões: Crianças obesas mostraram parâmetros de oscilometria aumentados representativos de obstrução das vias aéreas em comparação a crianças com peso normal. As alterações em alguns parâmetros oscilométricos já podem ser observadas em crianças com sobrepeso em idade escolar.

Abstract Objective: To compare impulse oscillometry system parameters of normal-weight children with overweight and obese children. Method: All participants were submitted to the evaluation of lung function (spirometry and impulse oscillometry) following the American Thoracic Society standards. The evaluation of respiratory mechanics was performed using the Jaeger™ MasterScreen™ Impulse Oscillometry System (Erich Jaeger, Germany), three tests were recorded, with acquisition for at least 20 seconds. Results: The study included 81 children (30 in the control group, 21 in the overweight group, and 30 the in obesity group), matched for age and sex. Regarding spirometry data, obesity group showed higher numerical values in relation to the control group; however, there were no significant differences among the three groups. For impulse oscillometry parameters, there was a difference between control group and obesity group for respiratory impedance (p = 0.036), resistance at 5 hertz (p = 0.026), resonant frequency (p = 0.029), and reactance area (p = 0.014). For the parameters expressed in percentage of predicted, there were differences in resistance at 5 hertz, resonant frequency, and reactance area between control group and obesity group. Conclusions: Obese children showed increased oscillometry parameters values representative of airway obstruction, compared to normal-weight children. Changes in some oscillometry parameters can already be observed in overweight school-aged children.

Early dietary treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of phenylalanine (Phe) metabolism, results in normal cognitive development. Although health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of PKU patients has been reported as unaffected in high-income countries, there are scarce data concerning HRQoL and adherence to treatment of PKU children and adolescents from Brazil. The present study compared HRQoL scores in core dimensions of Brazilian early-treated PKU pediatric patients with those of a reference population, and explored possible relationships between adherence to treatment and HRQoL. Early-treated PKU pediatric patient HRQoL was evaluated by self- and parent-proxy reports of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) core scales. Adherence to treatment was evaluated by median Phe levels and percentage of results within the therapeutic target range in two periods. Means for total and core scales scores of PedsQL self- and parent proxy-reports of PKU patients were significantly lower than their respective means for controls. Adequacy of median Phe concentrations and the mean percentage of values in the target range fell substantially from the first year of life to the last year of this study. There was no significant difference in mean total and core scale scores for self- and parent proxy-reports between patients with adequate and those with inadequate median Phe concentrations. The harmful consequences for intellectual capacity caused by poor adherence to dietary treatment could explain the observed decrease in all HRQoL scales, especially in school functioning. Healthcare system and financial difficulties may also have influenced negatively all HRQoL dimensions.

RESUMO O uso de regimes de corte em estádio vegetativo para os cereais de inverno é interessante quando se busca intensificar a produção de alimento volumoso para ruminantes. No entanto, é necessário se averiguar o impacto desse manejo sobre as características das silagens resultantes. Dessa forma, o objetivo do experimento foi avaliar o valor nutricional e a estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de cereais de inverno, submetidas a regimes de corte no estádio vegetativo, prévio ao corte para ensilagem. Os cereais utilizados foram trigo (Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Gralha Azul), cevada (Hordeum vulgare cv. BRS Brau), aveia-branca (Avena sativa cv. URS Guará), aveia- preta (Avena strigosa cv. Embrapa 139) e triticale (X Triticosecale cv. IPR 11), associados a três regimes de corte: sem cortes prévios (silagem exclusiva); um corte; e com dois cortes em estádio vegetativo e subsequente produção de silagem. Na avaliação nutricional, a cevada apresentou valores baixos de FDA (311,7 e 375,3g kg de MS-1) e altos de NDT (569,2 e 533,4g kg de MS-1) para os sistemas com um e dois cortes, respectivamente. Na avaliação da estabilidade aeróbia, os materiais foram bastante estáveis após a abertura dos silos, com exceção da aveia-branca e da aveia-preta, no regime sem cortes. As silagens de triticale e de cevada apresentaram as maiores estabilidades nutricionais com o aumento no número de cortes.

ABSTRACT The use of cutting regimes in vegetative stage for winter cereals is interesting when it seeks to intensify the forage production for ruminants. However, it is necessary to ascertain the impact of this management on the characteristics of the resulting silage. Thus, the aim of the experiment was to evaluate the nutritional quality and aerobic stability of winter cereal silages submitted to cutting regimes in vegetative stage, before ensiling. The materials used were: wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. BRS Gralha Azul); barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. BRS Brau); white oat (Avena sativa cv. URS Guará); black oat (Avena strigosa cv. Embrapa 139) and triticale (X Triticosecale cv IPR 11); associated with three management strategies: without previous cuts (Only silage), one cut and two cuts in vegetative and posterior silage making. Barley owned low values of ADF (311.7 and 375.3g kg de DM-1) and high TDN (569.2 and 533.4g kg de DM-1) for one and two-cut system, respectively. For aerobic stability, materials were quite stable after opening the silos, with the exception of black and white oat in management without cuts. Triticale and barley silage had the highest nutritional stability with the increase in the number of cuts.

RESUMO Objetivou-se estimar as exigências energéticas de borregas mestiças confinadas, alimentadas com níveis crescentes de concentrado na dieta. Foram avaliadas 36 borregas, com peso corporal inicial de 23,7±3,67kg. Seis animais foram abatidos no início do experimento para obtenção dos valores do grupo referência. Os demais (30 animais) foram distribuídos em cinco tratamentos: mantença (alimentação restrita com feno de capim Tifton) e suplementados com níveis crescentes de concentrado (20, 40, 60 e 80%) em base de matéria seca (seis animais por tratamento). As borregas foram abatidas quando atingiram 37,70±9,89kg. Os níveis de concentrado influenciaram a eficiência de utilização da energia metabolizável para mantença (km) e consequentemente as exigências diárias de energia metabolizável para mantença. A exigência de energia líquida para mantença de borregas mestiças em crescimento é 57 kcal/PCJ0,75/dia, em que PCJ é o peso corporal em jejum. As borregas com 20kg apresentaram exigência de energia líquida para 100g de ganho de peso diário de 465kcal/dia. As borregas com 40kg de peso corporal exigiram 930kcal/dia de energia líquida para o mesmo ganho. A exigência líquida para mantença de borregas pode ser estimada pela equação: ELm (Mcal/dia) = 0,057* PCJ0,75. A exigência líquida de energia para ganho de borregas mestiças (Mcal/dia) pode ser estimada a partir da equação: ELg = 0,524 x PVJ0,75 x GPCVZ1,21, em que GPCVZ é o ganho de peso do corpo vazio. As dietas influenciam as eficiências de usos da energia metabolizável para mantença (km) e ganho (kg).

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate the energy requirements of crossbreed ewe lambs in a feedlot fed with increasing levels of concentrate in the diet. 36 ewe lambs were evaluated with initial body weight of 23.7±3.67kg. Six animals were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment to obtain the reference group values. Animals (30) were distributed in five treatments: maintenance (feed restricted with Tifton grass hay) and those supplemented with increasing dietary levels of concentrate (20, 40, 60 and 80%) on a dry matter basis (six animals per treatment). The ewe lambs were slaughtered when they reached 37.70±9.89kg. The concentrate levels influenced the utilization efficiency of metabolizable energy for maintenance (km) and consequently the daily requirements of metabolizable energy for maintenance. The net energy requirements for maintenance of crossbred lambs in growth is 57kcal/FCW 0.75/day, where FCW is body weight on fasting. The ewe lambs with 20kg presented net energy requirement for 100g daily weight gain of 465kcal/day. The ewe lambs with 40kg of body weight required 930 kcal/day of net energy for the same gain. The net energy requirement for maintenance of ewe lambs can be estimated by the equation: NEm (Mcal/day) = 0.057 * FCW0.75. The net energy requirement for crossbred ewe lambs gain (Mcal/day) can be estimated from the equation: NEg (Mcal/day) = 0.524*FCW 0.75*GEBW1.21, where GEBW represented gain empty body weight. Diets affect the efficiencies of uses of metabolizable energy for maintenance (km) and gain (kg).

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a contagem de células somáticas, a prevalência e a etiologia da mastite bubalina nas estações seca e chuvosa em um rebanho de bubalinos do município de Analândia, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Adicionalmente, verificou-se o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana dos micro-organismos isolados nas amostras de leite das búfalas. Foram avaliadas 1.042 amostras de leite de búfalas da raça Murrah pertencentes a uma propriedade rural localizada no município de Analândia-SP, obtidas no período de maio de 2011 e novembro de 2012. Após o exame físico da glândula mamária, foram realizados o teste da caneca de fundo escuro e o California Mastits Test (CMT); em seguida, foram colhidas, de forma asséptica, amostras de 50mL de leite de cada quarto mamário, para a contagem de células somáticas (CCS) em aparelho automático e exame microbiológico. Também, foi avaliado o perfil de sensibilidade antimicrobiana a ampicilina, cefoperazona, ceftiofur, enrofloxacina, gentamicina, neomicina, oxacilina, penicilina e sulfametoxazol/trimetoprim, pelo método de difusão em disco. A temperatura média e o índice pluviométrico mensais foram obtidos no Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas (CIIAGRO) do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). Notou-se que as amostras de leite com resultado positivo no exame microbiológico apresentaram CCS média de 137.720 células/mL, no período seco, e 190.309 células/mL, no período chuvoso. Embora tenha se constatado maior índice de isolamentos de micro-organismos nas amostras de leite obtidas no período chuvoso (69/600) do que no período seco (50/442), a frequência de isolamentos não foi influenciada significativamente pela estação do ano. Os principais gêneros de micro-organismos isolados durante o período seco foram Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (38,4%), Streptococcus agalactiae (28,8%) e Bacillus spp. (7,56%), e no período chuvoso Corynebacterium sp. (23,5%), Streptococcusspp. (32,3%) e Streptococcus agalactiae (9,24%). Verificou-se resistência a três ou mais antimicrobianos em 30,1% dos micro-organismos isolados.

The aim of this study was to evaluate somatic cell count (SCC), prevalence and etiology of mastitis in a dairy buffalo herd from Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil, in the dry and rainy seasons. Additionally, antimicrobial susceptibility profile of microorganisms isolated from milk samples was also evaluated. 1,042 milk samples from female Murrah buffaloes in a dairy farm located in Analândia, São Paulo State, Brazil, collected between May 2011 and November 2012 were analyzed. After the mammary gland physical examination, strip cup test and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were performed. Afterwards, 50mL of milk samples from each mammary quarter were collected aseptically for SCC in automatic equipment and microbiological examination. The antimicrobial sensitivity profile to ampicillin, cefoperazone, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, oxacillin, penicillin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim was evaluated by disk diffusion method. The monthly average temperature and pluviometric index were obtained from "Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas" (CIIAGRO) of "Instituto Agronômico de Campinas" (IAC). Milk samples with positive results in the microbiological test showed average SCC of 137,720 cells/mL in the dry period and 190,309 cells/mL in the rainy period. Although a higher number of isolated microorganisms was observed in buffalo milk samples during the rainy period (69/600) compared to the dry period (50/442), the season had no significant effect on the frequency of isolation of microorganisms. The main genera of microorganisms isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (38.4%), Streptococcus agalactiae(28.8%), and Bacillus spp. (7.56%) during the dry season and Corynebacterium sp. (23.5%), Streptococcus spp. (32.3%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (9.24%) during the rainy period. Multidrug resistance was observed in 30.1% of the isolated microorganisms.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de níveis crescentes de concentrado sobre as características quantitativas e qualitativas de carcaça de borregas confinadas. Vinte e quatro borregas mestiças foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em quatro tratamentos: (1) dieta com 20%; (2) 40%; (3) 60% e (4) 80% de concentrado. Os animais foram abatidos quando os que recebiam a dieta 80% de concentrado atingiram o peso adulto, ao redor de 50kg PV. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância e regressão e de correlações. Os níveis de concentrado aumentaram linearmente o peso vivo ao abate. A altura de cernelha e de garupa apresentaram correlação média a alta (0,86). A correlação da área de olho de lombo medida na carcaça e por meio de ultrassom apresentou valor de 0,81, enquanto a espessura de gordura subcutânea foi de 0,85. O aumento do uso de concentrado nas dietas proporciona carcaças pesadas e com melhores rendimentos e acabamentos. Algumas medidas feitas in vivo apresentaram alta correlação com as medidas na carcaça. O uso do ultrassom pode ser utilizado como forma de predição da área de olho de lombo in vivo. O uso do concentrado melhora a qualidade da carne nos parâmetros de cor e aparência.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of concentrate on the quantitative and qualitative carcass characteristics of feedlot ewes. Twenty-four crossbred ewes were randomly distributed in four treatments: (1) diet with 20%; (2) 40%; (3) 60%; and (4) 80% of concentrate. Animals were slaughtered when those receiving the diet with 80% of concentrate reached adult weight, at around 50kg LW. The data were analyzed by means of variance and regression analyses and correlations. The levels of concentrate increased live weight at slaughter linearly. Height at the withers and rump presented medium to high correlation (0.86). The correlation of loin eye area measured on the carcass and by ultrasound examination was 0.81, whereas for back fat thickness it was 0.85. The increase in the use of concentrate in the diets promotes heavier carcasses with better yields and fat cover. Some measures obtained in vivo presented high correlation with those measured on the carcass. The use of ultrasound can be a way to predict the in vivo loin eye area. The use of concentrate improves the meat quality in variables' color and appearance.

A Criptococose é uma importante doença infecciosa fúngica, causada por uma levedura do gênero Cryptococcus, que acomete diferentes espécies inclusive o homem. Há poucos relatos na literatura sobre a criptococose pulmonar em cães. O presente trabalho relata um caso de criptococose em um cão apresentando alterações respiratórias, especialmente dispneia. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio da citologia aspirativa, após toracotomia exploratória, sendo observado um quadro de pleuris grave. O paciente foi tratado durante 90 dias com itraconazol e apresentou, ao final do tratamento, a remissão completa dos sintomas relatados.

Cryptococcosis is a major infectious disease caused by a yeast from the Cryptococcus genre which affects different species including humans. There are few reports related to pulmonary cryptococcosis in dogs. A case of Cryptococcosis in a dog showing dyspnea was described. The diagnosis was done by aspiration cytology after exploratory thoracotomy, and a picture of severe pleurisy was observed. The diagnosis was done by needle aspiration cytology after thoracotomy. Severe pleuris frame was observed. Treatment with itraconazole was performed for 90 days, and at the end of the treatment the dog presented complete remission of reported symptoms.

Foram avaliados o uso de estações alimentares, o deslocamento e a taxa de bocado de bezerras de corte que foram mantidas exclusivamente em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ou receberam suplementos (grão de milho ou gordura). O método de pastejo foi contínuo, com número variável de animais. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com medidas repetidas no tempo. O número de bocados realizados por estação alimentar é similar quando as bezerras recebem suplemento ou não. As equações de predição mostram que a massa de lâminas foliares exerce maior influência no tempo por estação alimentar quando as bezerras permanecem exclusivamente em pastejo de azevém ou recebem grão de milho como suplemento, enquanto para bezerras que recebem gordura, essa variável é influenciada pela oferta de forragem. O deslocamento (passos entre estações e passos por minuto) de bezerras exclusivamente em pastejo e que recebem grão de milho é influenciado pela estrutura e qualidade do pasto. A taxa de bocado dos animais suplementados com grão de milho e gordura é influenciada pela proporção de lâminas foliares no dossel. Equações de regressão múltipla, considerando-se os atributos do pasto e da pastagem, podem ser utilizadas como modelos preditores do uso de estações alimentares, deslocamento e taxa de bocado de bezerras de corte.

The use of feeding stations, displacement patterns and bite rate of beef heifers kept exclusively on Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) or receiving supplements (corn grain or fat) were evaluated. The grazing method was continuous with a variable number of animals. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with repeated time measures. The number of bites per feeding station is similar when heifers receive supplement or not. The prediction equations show that the mass of leaf lamina has greater influence on the time per feeding station when heifers remain exclusively grazing ryegrass or receive corn grain as a supplement, while for calves that receive fat this variable is influenced by forage allowance. The displacement (steps between stations and steps per minute) of heifers exclusively on ryegrass or receiving corn grain is influenced by the structure and quality of grass. The bite rate of heifers supplemented with corn grain and fat is influenced by the proportion of leaf lamina in the sward. Multiple regression equations considering the attributes of grass and pasture can be used as models to predict the use of feeding stations, displacement and bite rate of beef heifers.

The identification of pathogens of viral (Rotavirus, Coronavirus), parasitic (Toxocara spp.) and bacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Rhodococcus equi) origin shed in feces, and the virulence profile of R. equi and E. coli isolates were investigated in 200 samples of sand obtained from 40 parks, located in central region of state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, using different diagnostic methods. From 200 samples analyzed, 23 (11.5%) strains of R. equi were isolated. None of the R. equi isolates showed a virulent (vapA gene) or intermediately virulent (vapB gene) profiles. Sixty-three (31.5%) strains of E. coli were identified. The following genes encoding virulence factors were identified in E. coli: eae, bfp, saa, iucD, papGI, sfa and hly. Phylogenetic classification showed that 63 E. coli isolates belonged to groups B1 (52.4%), A (25.4%) and B2 (22.2%). No E. coli serotype O157:H7 was identified. Eggs of Toxocara sp. were found in three parks and genetic material of bovine Coronavirus was identified in one sample of one park. No Salmonella spp. and Rotavirus isolates were identified in the samples of sand. The presence of R. equi, Toxocara sp, bovine Coronavirus and virulent E. coli isolates in the environment of parks indicates that the sanitary conditions of the sand should be improved in order to reduce the risks of fecal transmission of pathogens of zoonotic potential to humans in these places.

Two strains of Nocardia spp. were isolated from bovine milk of two individual bulk tank. Molecular identification classified the strains as Nocardia farcinica and Nocardia cyriacigeorgica. The thermorresistance to boiling of the isolates was carried out and was observed bacterial growth after boiling. Our findings indicate the potential risk of pathogen transmission to humans through contaminated milk with Nocardia spp.

A retrospective study of major clinical and epidemiological findings was performed in 11 cases of tetanus observed in eight sheep and three goats from 1998 to 2008. The cases occurred predominantly in animals aging from five days to two years, in winter season, with history of recent wounds or surgical procedures. Muscle rigidity and muscular tremors (72.0%), tachycardia/dyspnea (54.5%), change of placement of ears (45.4%), protusion of the third eyelid (27.2%), hypersensitivity to external stimulus (18.1%), and elevation of ears (18.1%) were the most common clinical signs.