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Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, egg quality and the morphometry of the organs of Japanese quails (Cotournix cotournix japônica) when kept in comfort and under thermal stress. 192 nine-week-old quail were used, distributed in a completely randomized design at two temperatures (T1 = 24 °C and T2 = 32 °C), with 12 replicates of eight birds each, with an experimental period of 63 days, divided into three 21-day periods. Feed intake (g fowl-1 day-1), water consumption (mL fowl-1 day-1), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g fowl- 1 day-1) and feed conversion (kg kg-1 and kg dozen-1). Laying quails after their production cycle are marketed as beef animals. It is observed that the average final live weight was reduced (P = 0.0362) by 27.58 g in birds kept at a temperature of 32 oC, which can compromise its commercial value. The feed intake of the birds was reduced (P = 0.0051) by 14.75% with an increase in ambient temperature. Birds kept at a temperature of 32 oC for 12 h daily showed a reduction in feed intake, final weight, yolk, and gizzard weight, but without affecting egg production, weight and mass.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.117822

Factors associated with hospitalizations for Covid-19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Reumacov Brazil registry
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Gomides, Ana Paula Monteiro

; Albuquerque, Cleandro Pires de

; Mota, Licia Maria Henrique da

; Devidé, Guilherme

; Dias, Laiza Hombre

; Duarte, Angela Luzia Branco Pinto

; Giovelli, Raquel Altoé

; Karnopp, Thais Evelyn

; Lima, Hugo Deleon de

; Marinho, Adriana

; Oliveira, Marianne Schrader de

; Omura, Felipe

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Resende, Gustavo

; Ribeiro, Francinne Machado

; Ribeiro, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio

; Sacilotto, Nathália de Carvalho

; Santos, Wander Gonzaga dos

; Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki

; Studart, Samia Araujo de Sousa

; Teixeira, Flávia Patricia Sena

; Yazbek, Michel Alexandre

; Ferreira, Gilda Aparecida

; Monticielo, Odirlei A.

; Paiva, Eduardo

; Pileggi, Gecilmara Cristina Salviato

; Reis Neto, Edgard Torres dos

; Pinheiro, Marcelo de Medeiros

; Marques, Claudia D. L.

Advances in Rheumatology

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2022, Volume 62 elocation 13

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Patients using immunosuppressive drugs may have unfavorable results after infections. However, there is a lack of information regarding COVID 19 in these patients, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with COVID 19 hospitalizations in patients with RA. Methods: This multicenter, prospective cohort study is within the ReumaCoV Brazil registry and included 489 patients with RA. In this context, 269 patients who tested positive for COVID 19 were compared to 220 patients who tested negative for COVID 19 (control group). All patient data were collected from the Research Electronic Data Capture database. Results: The participants were predominantly female (90.6%) with a mean age of 53 ±12 years. Of the patients with COVID 19, 54 (20.1%) required hospitalization. After multiple adjustments, the final regression model showed that heart disease (OR =4.61, 95% CI 1.06–20.02. P < 0.001) and current use of glucocorticoids (OR =20.66, 95% CI 3.09–138. P < 0.002) were the risk factors associated with hospitalization. In addition, anosmia was associated with a lower chance of hospitalization (OR =0.26; 95% CI 0.10–0.67, P < 0.005). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that heart disease and the use of glucocorticoids were associated with a higher number of hospital admissions for COVID 19 in patients with RA. Trial registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR 33YTQC.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-022-00244-5

COVID-19 outbreaks among crew members in non-cruise vessels anchoring in Salvador, Brazil, 2021
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Cardoso, Cristiane Wanderley

; Souza, Mirela Maisa da Silva

; Teles, Ana Claudia Venegeroles de Sá

; Argibay, Hernan Dario

; Reis, Olivete Borba dos

; Pereira, Felicidade Mota

; Giovanetti, Marta

; Magalhaes, Tereza

; Ribeiro, Guilherme Sousa

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2022, Volume 117 elocation e220114

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected the maritime sector due to virus transmission onboard and traffic restrictions. However, reports of SARS-CoV-2 transmission on board have been mostly restricted to those occurring on cruise ships. OBJECTIVES To report COVID-19 outbreaks in eight non-cruise vessels and discuss measures to prevent and control the onboard transmission of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS We investigated outbreaks of COVID-19 on vessels anchoring in Baía de Todos-os-Santos, Salvador, Brazil, between February and November 2021. FINDINGS Most vessels were cargo ships that had docked several times before anchoring in Salvador (five had docked in ≥ 9 ports). The crew ranged from 22 to 63 members. The infection attack rate on each vessel ranged from 9.7 to 88.9%. The risk of symptomatic infection largely varied among the crew of each vessel (0 to 91.6%). Overall, the risk of developing COVID-19 signs and symptoms was lower among crew members vaccinated (age-adjusted risk ratio: 0.19; 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.65). SARS-CoV-2 variants not previously identified in Salvador were detected (C.14, B.1.617.2 and B.1.351). MAIN CONCLUSIONS Despite maritime guidelines to avert COVID-19 on board, outbreaks have happened. The multiple stopovers of non-cruise vessels during their routes may contribute to the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants worldwide. Reducing the onboard transmission of SARS-CoV-2 depends on joint efforts by the crew and local health authorities and, equally important, achieving high vaccination coverage to prevent infections and illness.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760220114

Biochemical quality of cowpea beans grown under water-deficit maintained with hydrogel
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Ribeiro Fidelis, Rodrigo

; Sousa da Silva, Guilherme

; Rauber, Wagner Augusto

; Urzêdo Rodrigues, Larissa

; Nascimento, Vitor L.

; Siebeneichler, Susana Cristine

Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas

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jun 2020, Volume 37 N. 1 Pages 38 - 50

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Son pocas las investigaciones relacionadas con los efectos del uso del hidrogel en condiciones de déficit hídrico en la composición bioquímica de los productos cosechados. El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la influencia del hidrogel en la calidad bioquímica del frijol caupi producidos bajo el déficit hídrico en el sur de Tocantins. El experimento se realizó en bloques aleatorios con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos se obtuvieron en un esquema factorial 2x5, siendo: dos fuentes de hidrogel (Hydroplan-EB HyC y Polim-Agri PP) y cinco concentraciones (0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 kg ha-1). Después de la cosecha, los granos del frijol caupi, cultivados con vinagre BRS, fueron molidos y analizados químicamente. El contenido de aceite de las semillas está de acuerdo con los valores de referencia. El uso del Polim-Agri PP promovió los mejores niveles de aminoácidos (0,38mg g-1) y proteínas (243,22mg g-1) de los granos. El contenido de carbohidratos (Ȳ = 81,44mg g-1) fue mejor con Hydroplan-EB HyC, independientemente de la concentración aplicada. La aplicación de 6,28 kg ha-1 de Polim-Agri PP proporcionó el mayor contenido de almidón (842 g mg-1). El uso de hidrogel mejora la calidad bioquímica del frijol caupi producida bajo déficit hídrico en el sur de Tocantins.

ABSTRACT Investigations related to the effects of the hydrogel use in a water-deficit conditions on the biochemical composition of the harvested products are scarce. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of hydrogel on the biochemical response of cowpea beans produced under water-deficit in southern Tocantins. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were obtained in a 2x5 factorial scheme, being: two sources of hydrogel (Hydroplan-EB HyC and Polim-Agri PP) and five concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20kg ha-1). After harvesting, the grains of cowpea, BRS Vinagre cultivar, were ground and chemically analyzed. The oil content of the seeds agreed with the reference values. The use of Polim-Agri PP promoted the best levels of amino acids (0.38mg g-1) and proteins (243.22mg g-1) of the grains. The carbohydrate content of them (Ȳ= 81.44mg g-1) was better using Hydroplan-EB HyC, regardless of the concentration applied. The application of 6.28kg ha-1 of Polim-Agri PP provided the highest starch content (842g mg-1). The use of hydrogel improves the biochemical quality of cowpea beans produced under water deficit in southern Tocantins.

https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.203701.123 133 downloads

Curva de aprendizado de anastomose arteriovenosa com uso de simulador de baixo custo
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Antas, Jéssika da Silva

; Holanda, Ana Karolina Gama de

; Andrade, Achilles de Sousa

; Araujo, Alinne Mirlania Sabino de

; Costa, Isabella Guilherme de Carvalho

; Dantas, Luciano Ribeiro

; Lima, Silvane Katerine Medeiros de

; Sarmento, Priscilla Lopes da Fonseca Abrantes

Jornal Vascular Brasileiro

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2020, Volume 19 elocation e20190144

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Contexto A redução das dificuldades no aprendizado da técnica cirúrgica levou ao surgimento de ferramentas complementares. Este trabalho descreve a curva de aprendizado dos alunos sujeitos da pesquisa, utilizando um modelo alternativo para a prática de anastomose vascular. Objetivos Avaliar a curva de aprendizado da técnica de anastomose vascular e do desenvolvimento de habilidades manuais a partir da utilização de um modelo experimental de baixo custo. Métodos Este trabalho é um estudo experimental e prospectivo, com a realização de anastomoses vasculares do tipo terminolateral em balões de látex durante cinco fases sucessivas, iniciadas após orientação teórico-prática de uma cirurgiã vascular experiente. Os sujeitos foram seis graduandos do curso de Medicina, do terceiro ao quinto ano, da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. A interpretação do material coletado acerca da qualidade das anastomoses e do tempo utilizado seguiu a análise de agrupamento. Resultados Houve redução do tempo de realização das anastomoses de todos os alunos, com diferença estatística da fase 1 quando comparada às fases 4 e 5, bem como tendência crescente no índice de qualidade ao longo das fases. Porém, não foi detectada diferença estatística a partir do teste de Friedman, apropriado para dados com nível de mensuração ordinal (escala de 1 a 5 na avaliação da qualidade). Conclusões O modelo de treinamento utilizado foi efetivo para incremento do aprendizado dessa técnica, acreditando-se que amostras de maior tamanho ou com maior número de fases em trabalhos futuros poderiam demonstrar redução do tempo associada a melhora da qualidade da anastomose realizada com significância estatística.

Abstract Background In order to reduce difficulties with learning surgical techniques, supplementary tools for training were developed. This paper describes the learning curve followed by student volunteer research subjects who used an alternative model for practicing vascular anastomosis. Objectives To evaluate the vascular anastomosis technique learning curve and development of manual skills using a low-cost experimental model. Methods Experimental and prospective study using end-to-side vascular anastomosis in latex balloons over five successive phases, initiated after theoretical and practical guidance given by experienced vascular surgeon. The study subjects were six undergraduate medical students from Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, PB, Brazil, in their third to fifth years of the course. Cluster analysis was used to interpret the data collected on the quality of anastomoses and the time taken. Results The time taken to perform anastomosis reduced for all students, with statistical differences from phase 1 compared to phases 4 and 5. There was also a trend to increasing scores on the quality index as the phases progressed. However, no statistical differences were detected using the Friedman test, which is appropriate for data measured with ordinal levels (quality was assessed on a scale of 1 to 5). Conclusions It was found that the training model used was effective for increasing learning of this technique. It is believed that future studies with larger samples or a higher number of phases could demonstrate both reduced time and improved quality of the anastomoses performed with statistical significance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.190144 639 downloads

Classification of chikungunya cases: a proposal
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Brito, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de

; Freitas, André Ricardo Ribas

; Said, Rodrigo Fabiano

; Falcão, Melissa Barreto

; Cunha, Rivaldo Venâncio da

; Siqueira, André Machado

; Teixeira, Maria Glória

; Ribeiro, Guilherme Sousa

; Brito, Marina Coelho Moraes de

; Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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2020, Volume 53 elocation e20200529

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0529-2020 504 downloads

Computational prediction and characterisation of miRNAs and their pathway genes in human schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium
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Cardoso, Thaís Cunha de Sousa

; de Araújo, Carlos Bruno

; Portilho, Laysa Gomes

; Mendes, Luiz Guilherme Alves

; Alves, Tamires Caixeta

; Silva, Gustavo Caetano

; Ribeiro, Thales Henrique Cherubino

; Gandolfi, Peterson Elizandro

; Morais, Enyara Rezende

; do Amaral, Laurence Rodrigues

; Gomes, Matheus de Souza

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2020, Volume 115 elocation e190378

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Key genes control the infectivity of the Schistosoma haematobium causing schistosomiasis. A method for understanding the regulation of these genes might help in developing new disease strategies to control schistosomiasis, such as the silencing mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNAs have been studied in schistosome species and they play important roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes, and in parasite-host interactions. However, genome-wide identification and characterisation of novel miRNAs and their pathway genes and their gene expression have not been explored deeply in the genome and transcriptome of S. haematobium. OBJECTIVES Identify and characterise mature and precursor miRNAs and their pathway genes in the S. haematobium genome. METHODS Computational prediction and characterisation of miRNAs and genes involved in miRNA pathway from S. haematobium genome on SchistoDB. Conserved domain analysis was performed using PFAM and CDD databases. A robust algorithm was applied to identify mature miRNAs and their precursors. The characterisation of the precursor miRNAs was performed using RNAfold, RNAalifold and Perl scripts. FINDINGS We identified and characterised 14 putative proteins involved in miRNA pathway including ARGONAUTE and DICER in S. haematobium. Besides that, 149 mature miRNAs and 131 precursor miRNAs were identified in the genome including novel miRNAs. MAIN CONCLUSIONS miRNA pathway occurs in the S. haematobium, including endogenous miRNAs and miRNA pathway components, suggesting a role of this type of non-coding RNAs in gene regulation in the parasite. The results found in this work will open up a new avenue for studying miRNAs in the S. haematobium biology in helping to understand the mechanism of gene silencing in the human parasite Schistosome.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760190378 953 downloads

Aplicação de processo adsortivo para dessulfurização de combustíveis utilizando fibra de coco como adsorvente
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Nascimento, Jaqueline de Lima

; Magalhães Júnior, Guilherme Augusto

; Portela, Rafael Ribeiro

; Sousa Neto, Vicente de Oliveira

; Buarque, Patrícia Marques Carneiro

; Oliveira, Mayara de Sousa

; Moura, Cícero Pessoa de

Matéria (Rio de Janeiro)

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2019, Volume 24 N. 3 elocation e12416

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A presença de compostos orgânicos contendo enxofre nos combustíveis é um dos contribuintes da poluição atmosférica, pois quando entram em combustão nos motores, emitem poluentes derivados do enxofre, como os óxidos (SOx), que afetam negativamente a saúde humana e o meio ambiente. A remoção do excesso de enxofre presente na gasolina pode ser realizada pelo processo de adsorção, em que um material adsorvente captura o composto de enxofre de modo seletivo. O desenvolvimento de adsorventes mais eficientes e de baixo custo de produção para a remoção de compostos sulfurosos tem contribuído, por exemplo, nos processos referentes ao refino do petróleo. A eficiência da dessulfurizarão está correlacionada às características apresentadas pelo adsorvente como: a capacidade de adsorção, durabilidade e regenerabilidade. Esse estudo tem como finalidade o preparo da fibra do coco impregnada com níquel para avaliar a sua capacidade adsortiva frente a compostos sulfurosos como o tiofeno presente nos combustíveis. O adsorvente utilizado foi a fibra do coco (mesocarpo) obtido na cidade de Quixadá/CE e o adsorbato utilizado foi o tiofeno, em solução de n-hexano. Em teste de caracterização do adsorvente, observou-se que a quantidade de cargas protônicas na superfície da fibra in natura e na fibra modificada é função do pH. Os materiais apresentaram capacidade adsortiva de 35,0 mg.g-1 para o composto sulfuroso. No estudo de equilíbrio, isoterma, foi melhor representado pelo modelo matemático de Redlich-Peterson, indicando heterogeneidade nos sítios de adsorção. A cinética de adsorção se mostrou mais adequada com o modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem.

Abstract The development of more efficient and low-cost adsorbents to remove sulfur compounds has been improving, for instance, processes used in oil refining. Efficiency of desulfurization is correlated to the characteristics found in the adsorbent such as adsorption capacity, durability and regenerateness. This study aims to prepare coconut fiber impregnated with nickel and evaluate its adsorptive capacity of sulfur compounds such as the thiophene present in fuels. The utilized adsorbent was coconut fiber (mesocarp) obtained in the city of Quixadá, state of Ceará, and the adsorbate was thiophene in n-hexane solution. During an adsorbent characterization test it could be observed that the number of proton charges in the surface of both natural and modified fibers is a function of pH. The materials showed adsorptive capacity of 35,0 mg.g-1 of the sulfur compound. In the balance study, isotherm was best represented by the math model of Redlich-Peterson, which indicates heterogeneity in the adsorption sites. Adsorption kinetics was more adequate with the pseudo-second order model.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-707620190003.0731 1692 downloads

Saberes e práticas sobre controle do Aedes aegypti por diferentes sujeitos sociais na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
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Souza, Kathleen Ribeiro

; Santos, Maria Lígia Rangel

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Santos

; Ribeiro, Guilherme de Sousa

; Silva, Luciano Kalabric

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2018, Volume 34 N. 5 elocation e00078017

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo: Devido à persistência da dengue e de outras arboviroses no Brasil, o poder público tem intensificado as ações de combate ao mosquito vetor Aedes aegypti. Os agentes de combate às endemias (ACE) e agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS), dentre outras atribuições, tornaram-se interlocutores e disseminadores de conhecimento na comunidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os saberes e práticas sobre controle da dengue por diferentes sujeitos sociais: moradores e agentes. Foram realizadas entrevistas com moradores, ACE de campo e de mobilização e ACS em dois bairros de Salvador, Bahia, por meio da metodologia de grupo focal. Os moradores demonstraram incerteza sobre a forma de contágio e o perigo da dengue. Os ACE de campo apresentam-se em conflito, pela necessidade de informar à comunidade sobre aspectos que não dominam e demonstram um descontentamento pessoal no trabalho com um sentimento de desvalorização pela falta de qualificação. Os ACE de mobilização culpam a população e enfatizam a importância de si próprios como solução para o controle da dengue. Os ACS não apropriaram sua experiência de campo em seu discurso e se sentem desobrigados com respeito ao controle vetorial. Todos os grupos entrevistados concordam que a culpa da dengue recai sobre o poder público, e a solução para o problema está na educação. Percebe-se uma grande necessidade de intervenções educativas regulares, pautadas no diálogo e na sensibilização para lidar com a realidade cotidiana dos moradores, trazendo os indivíduos (moradores e agentes) como sujeitos do processo de construção de conhecimento. Pois, na metodologia atual, a disseminação de informação e conhecimento não é suficiente para promover melhorias na comunidade para o controle da dengue.

Abstract: Due to the persistence of dengue and other arbovirus infections in Brazil, the government has stepped up measures to combat the Aedes aegypti mosquito vector. The responsibilities of community endemic disease workers (CEDW) and community health workers (CHW) include acting as intermediaries and disseminating knowledge in the community. The aim of this study was to analyze knowledge and practices in dengue control by different social subjects: residents and CEDW/CHW. Interviews were held with residents, field and mobilization CEDW, and CHW in two neighborhoods in Salvador, Bahia State, using focus groups. Residents expressed uncertainty on the form of transmission and hazards of dengue. Field CEDW voiced conflicting feelings due to the need to inform the community on issues over which they lack any control, while expressing personal dissatisfaction with their work and a feeling of underappreciation due to their lack of training. Mobilization CEDW blamed the population and emphasized their own importance as the solution to dengue control. CHW failed to reflect their field experience in their discourse and felt they had no responsibility over vector control. All the groups agreed that government is to blame for dengue and that the solution lies in education. There is an evident need for regular educational interventions, based on dialogue and awareness-raising to deal with residents’ daily reality, drawing individuals (residents and CHW) into the knowledge-building process. Under the prevailing methodology, the dissemination of information and knowledge is insufficient to promote community improvements for dengue control.

Resumen: Debido a la persistencia del dengue y de otras arbovirosis en Brasil, el poder público ha intensificado las acciones de combate al mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Los ACE (agentes de combate a endemias) y los ACS (agentes comunitarios de salud), entre otras atribuciones, se convirtieron en interlocutores y promotores de conocimiento sobre enfermedades en sus comunidades. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar los conocimientos y prácticas sobre el control del dengue por parte de los diferentes sujetos sociales implicados: residentes y agentes. Se realizaron entrevistas a residentes, ACE de campo y de movilización, así como ACS, en dos barrios de Salvador, Bahía, mediante una metodología de grupo focal. Los residentes mostraron inseguridad sobre la forma de contagio, así como el peligro que supone el dengue. Los ACE de campo se encontraron en conflicto, por su necesidad de informar a la comunidad sobre aspectos que no dominan, además de demostrar un descontento personal en el trabajo, unido a un sentimiento de desvalorización, por su falta de cualificación. Los ACE de movilización culpan a la población y enfatizan la importancia de ellos mismos como solución para el control del dengue. Los ACS no se apropiaron de su experiencia de campo en su discurso y no se sienten obligados al control vectorial. Todos los grupos entrevistados concuerdan en que la culpa del dengue recae sobre el poder público, y la solución para el problema está en la educación. Se percibe una gran necesidad de intervenciones educativas regulares, pautadas en el diálogo y en la sensibilización para lidiar con la realidad cotidiana de los residentes, considerando a los individuos (residentes y agentes) como sujetos del proceso de construcción del conocimiento. Así pues, en la metodología actual, la divulgación de información y conocimiento no es suficiente para promover mejoras en las comunidades, con el fin de controlar el dengue.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00078017 70 downloads

10.

Saberes e práticas sobre controle do Aedes aegypti por diferentes sujeitos sociais na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
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Souza, Kathleen Ribeiro

; Santos, Maria Lígia Rangel

; Guimarães, Isabel Cristina Santos

; Ribeiro, Guilherme de Sousa

; Silva, Luciano Kalabric

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2018, Volume 34 N. 5 elocation e00078017

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00078017 7147 downloads

11.

Estudo de um sistema de eletrificação de gotas em pulverizador costal pneumático pelo método de gaiola de Faraday
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Tavares, Rafael Marcão

; Cunha, João Paulo Arantes Rodrigues da

; Alves, Thales Cassemiro

; Alves, Guilherme Sousa

; Silva, João Eduardo Ribeiro

Revista Ceres

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oct 2017, Volume 64 N. 5 Pages 476 - 485

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A aplicação inadequada de agrotóxicos pode causar sérios problemas ao ambiente e o emprego de gotas com pequeno diâmetro pode favorecer a cobertura dos alvos, porém desde que ela aconteça em condições especiais para minimizar a deriva. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, analisar os fatores que influenciam a relação carga/massa (Q/M) gerada por um sistema de eletrificação de gotas em um pulverizador pneumático costal com kit eletrostático por meio de uma gaiola de Faraday. Montaram-se dois experimentos, o primeiro em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, a fim de verificar a influência da distância entre o pulverizador e o alvo, a vazão de aplicação e a calda de pulverização, no funcionamento do sistema de eletrificação de gotas. Neste experimento, avaliaram-se quatro distâncias (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 m) entre o pulverizador e a gaiola. No segundo experimento, em esquema fatorial, analisaram-se cinco composições de caldas e cinco vazões (0,25; 0,76; 1,00; 1,45; e 1,58 L min-1). A relação Q/M foi determinada por meio da medição da corrente elétrica a partir do volume de calda pulverizado em gaiola de Faraday com um multímetro, dividida pela respectiva massa de líquido. Analisou-se, também, o espectro de gotas produzidas pelo pulverizador, em analisador de partículas por difração de raio laser. Verificou-se que, com o aumento da vazão de pulverização na gaiola de Faraday, menor foi a relação Q/M, o que também ocorreu com a distância do bocal do pulverizador eletrostático da entrada da gaiola. Em relação à calda de pulverização, a relação Q/M aumentou com a adição do óleo mineral, do óleo vegetal e do inseticida. Concluiu-se que a distância entre o bocal do pulverizador e o alvo, a vazão e a calda de aplicação influenciam na eficiência da pulverização eletrostática.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the factors affecting the charge/mass ratio (Q/M) generated by a droplet electrification system in a backpack sprayer with an electrostatic kit, using a Faraday cage. Two experiments were conducted in completely randomized design to determine the effect of application rate, the distance between the nozzle and the target, and spraying mixtures on performance of the droplet electrification system. The first study evaluated four distances (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m) between the nozzle and the Faraday cage; the second study was conducted in a factorial design, with five tank mixtures and five flow rates (0.25, 0.76, 1.00, 1.45, and 1.58 L min-1). The Q/M ratio was determined using a multimeter by measuring the electric current from the volume of mixture sprayed in the Faraday cage, which was divided by the respective liquid mass. Droplet spectrum was analyzed by a particle analyzer using laser diffraction. The Q/M ratio became smaller as the spraying flow rate increased, similarly as observed with increasing distances of the electrostatic nozzle from the cage entrance. The Q/M ratio increased with the addition of mineral oil, vegetable oil, and insecticide to the spraying mixture. Flow rate, distance between the nozzle and the target, and the spraying mixture affected the electrostatic spraying efficiency.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201764050004 1217 downloads

12.

PANORAMA DOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM SAÚDE COLETIVA NO BRASIL ENTRE 2008 E 2014
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Meneses, Jéssica Janai Santos

; Silva, Monaise Madalena Oliveira e

; Castellanos, Marcelo Eduardo Pfeiffer

; Ribeiro, Guilherme de Sousa

Trabalho, Educação e Saúde

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aug 2017, Volume 15 N. 2 Pages 501 - 518

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo A partir de 2008, criaram-se vários cursos de graduação em saúde coletiva no Brasil. Publicações prévias descreveram processo de abertura, perfil dos alunos e experiências vivenciadas por esses cursos. Apresentamos aqui um perfil geral dos cursos abertos entre 2008 e 2014. As informações foram obtidas por meio da Coordenação do Fórum de Graduação em Saúde Coletiva da Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva e das páginas eletrônicas institucionais dos cursos. No período estudado, houve expressiva expansão no número de cursos de graduação em saúde coletiva no país; a oferta de novas vagas cresceu seis vezes e formaram-se 285 bacharéis em saúde coletiva. No início de 2014, existiam 18 cursos em funcionamento (17 no setor público), totalizando 2.532 estudantes matriculados. Se a formação pós-graduada em saúde coletiva predomina no Sudeste, os cursos de graduação estão bem distribuídos no país, ainda que seja necessária maior expansão para responder às demandas do Sistema Único de Saúde. Embora as orientações formativas desses cursos sejam semelhantes, suas nomenclaturas exibem divergências. Entre os desafios para maior consolidação dos cursos de graduação em saúde coletiva como modalidade formativa estão as necessidades de diretrizes curriculares nacionais, manutenção da expansão dos cursos, reconhecimento profissional do egresso e maior incorporação do bacharel em saúde coletiva no mercado de trabalho.

Abstract Several undergraduate programs in public health have been created in Brazil since 2008. Previous publications have described the opening process, the student profile, and the experiences these courses have had. Here we present a general profile of courses that were opened between 2008 and 2014. The information was obtained from the Brazilian Association of Public Health's Undergraduate Forum in Public Health Coordination and from the courses' institutional homepages. During the study period, there was a significant increase in the number of undergraduate programs in public health in the country; new job openings grew sixfold, and 285 people got bachelors degrees in public health. In early 2014, there were 18 courses in operation (17 in the public sector), with a total of 2,532 students enrolled. While graduate-level training in public health predominates in the Southeast, undergraduate courses are well spread in the country, although there is a need for further expansion to meet the Unified Health System's demands. Although these courses' training guidelines are similar, there are differences in their nomenclatures. The challenges to be faced in the further consolidation of undergraduate courses in public health as a training modality include the needs of the national curriculum guidelines, the continued expansion of the courses, the professional recognition of the graduates, and their greater incorporation into public health in the labor market.

Resumen A partir de 2008, se crearon diferentes cursos de graduación en salud colectiva en Brasil. Publicaciones previas describieron un proceso de apertura, perfil de los alumnos y experiencias vividas por estos cursos. Presentamos aquí un perfil general de los cursos abiertos entre 2008 y 2014. La información se obtuvo mediante la Coordinación del Foro de Pregrado en Salud Colectiva de la Asociación Brasileña de Salud Colectiva y de las páginas electrónicas institucionales de los cursos. Durante el período estudiado, hubo una expresiva expansión en el número de cursos de pregrado en salud colectiva en el país, la oferta de nuevas vacantes se multiplicó por seis y se graduaron 285 bachilleres en salud colectiva. Al inicio de 2014, existían 18 cursos en funcionamiento (17 en el sector público), totalizando 2.532 estudiantes matriculados. Si la formación de posgrado en salud colectiva predomina en el Sudeste, los cursos de pregrado están bien distribuidos en el país, aun cuando se necesite una mayor expansión para responder a las demandas del Sistema Único de Salud. Aunque las orientaciones formativas de estos cursos sean similares, sus nomenclaturas exhiben divergencias. Entre los desafíos para una mayor consolidación de los cursos de pregrado en salud colectiva como modalidad formativa están las necesidades de directrices curriculares nacionales, mantenimiento de la expansión de los cursos, reconocimiento profesional del egresado y una mayor incorporación del bachiller en salud colectiva en el mercado de trabajo.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-7746-sol00060 1801 downloads

13.

Comparison of testers in the selection of S3 families obtained from the UENF-14 variety of popcorn
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Pena, Guilherme Ferreira

; Amaral Júnior, Antonio Teixeira do

; Gonçalves, Leandro Simões Azeredo

; Vivas, Marcelo

; Ribeiro, Rodrigo Moreira

; Mafra, Gabrielle Sousa

; Santos, Adriano dos

; Scapim, Carlos Alberto

Bragantia

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jun 2016, Volume 75 N. 2 Pages 135 - 144

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O uso de topcross vem se mostrando uma opção interessante para a cultura do milho; entretanto, para o milho-pipoca, há pouca informação sobre a escolha do testador adequado. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar quatro testadores, sendo duas variedades de polinização aberta (BRS Angela e UENF-14), um híbrido topcross (IAC 125) e uma linhagem (P2), visando avaliar a capacidade combinatória de 50 famílias S3 de milho-pipoca, obtidas a partir da variedade UENF-14. Avaliou-se o rendimento de grãos (RG) e capacidade de expansão (CE). Obtiveram-se as estimativas das capacidades geral e específica de combinação, bem como efetuou-se a discriminação de cada testador por meio de índice de diferenciação. Os testadores BRS Angela (para RG) e IAC 125 (para CE) foram os que se destacaram, quando combinados com as melhores famílias S3derivadas da variedade UENF-14, para produção de híbridos de milho-pipoca para as Regiões Norte e Noroeste Fluminense.

ABSTRACT The use of topcross has proven to be an interesting option for the maize crop; however, for the popcorn, there is little information about the choice of the appropriate tester. In this context, this study aimed to analyze four testers including two open pollinated varieties(BRS Angela and UENF-14), one topcross hybrid (IAC125) and a line (P2), to evaluate the combining ability of 50 S3 families of popcorn, obtained from the UENF-14 variety. Popcorn families were evaluated for grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE). The estimates of general and specific combining abilities were obtained and the discrimination of each tester through differentiation index was carried out. The testers BRS Angela (for GY) and IAC 125 (for PE) were the most adequate, when combined with the best S3 families derived from UENF-14, for the production of popcorn hybrids for the Northern and Northwestern Fluminense Regions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.215 1587 downloads

14.

UPLC–QTOF–MS and NMR analyses of graviola (Annona muricata) leaves
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Moraes, Ingrid Vieira Machado de

; Ribeiro, Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos

; Schmidt, Flávio Luis

; Canuto, Kirley Marques

; Zocolo, Guilherme Julião

; Brito, Edy Sousa de

; Luo, Rensheng

; Richards, Kristy M.

; Tran, Kevin

; Smith, Robert E.

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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apr 2016, Volume 26 N. 2 Pages 174 - 179

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Graviola leaves (Annona muricata L., Annonaceae) are used by some people to try to treat or even cure cancer, even though over-consumption of the fruit, which contains the neurotoxins annonacin and squamocin has caused an atypical form of Parkinson's disease. In previous analyses, the fruits were extracted with methanol under ambient conditions before analyses. In the present study, UPLC–QTOF–MS and NMR were used to analyze freeze-dried graviola leaves that were extracted using dry methanol and ethanol at 100 ºC and 10 MPa (100 atm) pressure in a sealed container. Methanol solubilized 33% of the metabolites in the lyophilized leaves. Ethanol solubilized 41% of metabolites in the lyophilized leaves. The concentrations of total phenolic compounds were 100.3 ± 2.8 and 93.2 ± 2.0 mg gallic acid equivalents per g of sample, for the methanolic and ethanolic extracts, respectively. Moreover, the toxicophore (unsaturated γ-lactone) that is present in neurotoxic acetogenins was found in the lipophilic portion of this extract. The concentrations of the neurotoxins annonacin and squamocin were found by UPLC–QTOF–MS to be 305.6 ± 28.3 and 17.4 ± 0.89 µg/g-dw, respectively, in the dried leaves. Pressurized methanol solubilized more annonacin and squamocin than ethanol. On the other hand, a hot, aqueous infusion solubilized only 0.213% of the annonacin and too little of the squamocin to be detected. So, graviola leaves contain significant amounts of the neurotoxins annonacin and squamocin, as well as some potentially healthy phenolic compounds. Finally, the potential neurotoxicity of whole leaves in dietary supplements could be much higher than that of a tea (hot aqueous infusion) that is made from them.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.12.001 3572 downloads

15.

Zika virus pandemic: a human and public health crisis
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Ribeiro, Guilherme Sousa

; Kitron, Uriel

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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feb 2016, Volume 49 N. 1 Pages 1 - 3

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0036-2016 5737 downloads

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